INTERNATIONAL iso STANDARD 10816-3 a eg Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ Vibrations mécaniques -~ Evaluation des vibrations des machines par ‘mesurages sur les pastes non tovinanies — Partia 3 Machines méusineties do puissance neminale supéneure & 15 KU ef de vitesse nominate entre 120 rimin et 15.009 r/min. loraqelles sont FRetorence number #80 108163 1998)150 10816.3:1398(E) Foreword 1SO (the International Giganizaton for Standardization) is a warldanide federation o! national standards bodies (150 member bodies) The work of preparing intarnatanal Slarvatcs 1s normally cavtied out through ISO Technical commitees Each member body snterested in a subject for which @ technical comnsitee has been ostatiished has the right 1o be represented Gn that commilee Intemational arganizations governmental and non: ‘governmental in faison with SO. also take part in the work 10 Collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Dialt International Standards adopled by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodes for voting Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the momber bodies casting avole International Standard 1S 10916 3 was prepared by Technical Commitee ISG/TC 108, Mechanes! vbraton and shock "Subcommittee SC 2 Measurement and evaluation of mechanical viration and shock 35 applied lomachines vehicles and swociures ISO 10816 consists of the folowing pars. under the general tile ‘Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by meesurements ‘20 non rotating pats: s+ Part | General quidetnes — Pat 2 Large land based steam turbine generator sels in oxcoss of soMW Part 3 Industtial machines with rominal power above 15kW and pominal speeds between 120 rhnin and 15 000 simin when measured insite — Part 4: Gas turbine dhven sets excluding aicralt denvatives Pan 5. Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants © 190 1990 [igh esenr. Unless aorice specie d no posto bi publeton may be epredicad rutkcod any lnm or by tay means ela or mechariea lus socepyhg hs ‘erty win peonesenin sen rm ha puter Infernaona Organization for Standarieston (Coon portale 6+ Cit 1211 Gente 20 Swzeana Intenstcontaleiso.cn 3400 eek anf pie: onsoes: secant) Pinte Svatreiande180 180 10816.3:1999(€) = Pant Rec procenng machines mi pose atuigs above 100 KEY Annex A forms an imtegiat pam of this part of ISO 10016 Annex B is for Inlormation only aIntroduction 150 100154 1 the basic document which descnbes the generat requirements for evaluating the vibration of vanous machine types when the wbration measuremenis are made on nen-rotaling parts This part of 150 10816 provides. speciic guidance for assessing the sevaiiy of vibiation measured on bearings, bearng pedestals or housings of industeal machines whan measurements are made in sty “Two criteria are provided for aseesting the machine vibration One criterion considers tne magrilude of tho observed vibration; the second considers Changes in the magnitude. It must be recognized. however, that these Criteria do not form the only basis for judging the severly ol vibration For Some machine types. is also common fo judge the vibration based om meas urements taken on the rotating shatis. Shalt vibralion measurement fequiremenis and. efileia are addressed in separate documents 150 7919-1 ana ISO 7319.9INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 9150 150 1086-3: 1998(E) Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ 1 Scope The vibration criteria provided in this part of ISO 10816 apply to machine sels with, for instance, steamn tubine or electrical divas having a power above 15 kW and operating spaade between 120 stnin and 15 000 rnin The machine sets covered by this part of ISO 10836 inckide: steam tubines with power up to 50 MW: ~ steam turbine sets with power greater than SO MW and speeds below 1 S00 r/min or above 3 609 Win (not included in ISO 10816-2) ~ rotary compressors; — industrial gas turbines with power up to 3 MW: pumps of centiugal, mixed flew or axial flow type: generators except when used in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants; ~ electrical motors of any ty ~ blowers or fans NOTE However it should be noted that the wbration enteria presen i this part of ISO 10816 ate ganevaly only appicabla to fans with power ratings greter than 300 KW or cher fans with a teasenably egid stuctureiame which are net flexly supported As and when dicwnsiances pormit recommendations for ether types of fans, including thove which ave ley ‘supportod or with ghteight sheet metal construction, wil be prepared Until sucn tie, classicalions may be agreed between {Be manvlacturer and cusiomer, using results ef previous operational experience: sea slag SO 14694, Tho following are excluded trom this part of |SO 10816: land-based stam tuibine generator sets with power greater than SO MW and speeds of 1500 min, 1 800 rimin 3 000 vein, or 3.600 rlmin (see ISO 100162); ‘gas turbine machines with power greater than @ Mi¥ (see ISO 10916-4); ‘machine sols in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants (see ISO 10816-5);150 10816-3:1998(E} —mactines coupled ta reespracating 3 296 (9m 1S) rotary posiine displacement compiassors fe 9 sera cempengsors) rocaing compressors = reaprecating pumps — submerged motor pumps wind turbines The criteria of this part o! ISO 10816 apy fo in sity broad band vibration measurements taken on the bearings bbeanng pedestals or housing of machnes under sieady stale operating condtions within the notninal operating speed range. They relate to both acceplance testiag and operational monitoring The evalustion civetia of his past of ISO 10836 ave intended to apply to bath continuous and non-connuous snonioring siuatons ‘This past of 150 10016 encompasses inachiinas which may have gears or rolling element bearings but does not address ihe diagnostic evaluation one condition af those gears or bearings ‘The cfieria ara applicable only for the vibration produced by the machine set itsell and not for wbration which is transmitted to the machine set from external sources 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which through telerenice in this text constitute provisions of this part of 180 10816. Ai the tims of publication the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revieion 243 pares to agreements based on this part of ISO 10816 are encouraged ta investigate Ihe possibly of applying Me ‘most recent edtions of the standards indicated below Members ol IEC and ISO mainiain egisters of currently ako ingernational Standards 1S0 495:1973 Driving and driven machines ~ Shalt heights 180 2954:1075, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating mactinery — Requirements fos wstaumonts for ‘measuring vibration soverly 180 7919.3:1896._ Mechanica! vibration of nan-reciprocating machines — Measucements on relating shalts and ‘evaluation criteria —~ Part 3. Coupled industrial machines $50 10816-1:1995, Mechanical vibration -— Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part | General guidelines 3 Measurement procedures and operational conditions The generat procedures described in (SO 10816-1 shall be used, subject to the recommendations set out below 3.4 Measuroment equipment ‘The measurement equipment shall be capable of measuring braad-band rm-s_vibcation with flat teeponse over a frequency range of at least 10 Hz to T 000 Hz in accordance with he requirements of ISO 2984 Depencing on the vibration citera, this may require measurements of displacement or velocity or combinations af these (see 180 10816-1) However, for machi speeds approaching or below 600 min the lower limit o! the Mat response Irequency range shall not be greater than 2 Hz NOTE If the measurement equipment is also to be used for elagnostic puiposes. an upper frequency lint higher than 1.000 He may be necessary180 10816-3:19968(€) asuning system is not influenced by envitonmmar al Lactors such as Care should be taken = temperature vanations — magnetic holds = sound tals poner source vanavons = Wransducer cabie length — transducer oviontation Particular attention should be given to ensure that the vibralion vansducers are correctly mounted and that such ‘mountings do nol degrade the accuracy of tha measurements 92 Measurement locations ‘Measurements will usually be taken on exposed parts of the machine thal are normally accessible Care shail be laken to ensure that measurements reasonably represent the vibration of the bearing Movsing aiid do nol inchides any local resonances or ampilication The locations and directions of vibration measurernens shal be euch thet they provide adequate sensitivity to the machine dynamic forces Typically. this wil require tke orthogonal radial measurement locations on each bearing cap of pedestal, as shawn in figures 1 and 2 The ansducers may be placed al any angular position on the bearing housings or pedestals. Vertical and horizontal directions are vecally raterred for horizontally nounted machines For vartical or inclined machines, the lecsuion that gives tho maninard vibration reading usually in the direction of tne elastic axis. shall be one of those used. in some eases it may be Focommenided to measure also in the axial direction (see 13) The specitic locations and directions shay be recorded with the measurement A single transducer may be used on a bearing cap oF podestal in place of the more typicel pair of orthoganal twansducers i iis known to provide adequate information on tha magnitude of the machine wbration, Honaver eavtion should be abserved when evaluating vibration om a single transducer at a measurement plane since may not be ofiented to provide a reasonable approximation to the raaximum value at that plane 3.3 Continuous and non-continuous monitoring It is common practice on targe or cilical machinery to have installed instrumentation for continuous ontine monitoring of woration values ai Key measurement points. For many machines. mainly those ol small sizo or power conlinvous monitoring of the vibration parameters is nol necessarly carriod out Changes in unbalance, bearing performance, alignment, etc. can be detected with sufficient reliability Irom periodic measurements with permanent instafled oF Hand-held instruments The use of computers for tend analysis and warning against maltunctions is also becoming more common, 3.4 Operational conditions Measurements shal! be carried out when the rotor ard the main bearings have reached thelr normal steady-state ‘operating temperatures and with the machine running under specified conditions; for example at rated speed. voltage, flow, pressure and load, On machines with varying speeds or toads, measurements shall be made under all conditions at which the machine would be expected to operate for prolonged periods. The maximum measured value under these conditions shall bs considered representative of vibrallon severity If the measured vibration is greater than the acceptance criteria allowed and excessive background vibration Is suspected, measurements should be made with the machine shut down to determine the degree of exietnet influence ifthe vibration with the machina slationary excaeds 25 % of the value measured when the machine Is ‘unning, corrective action may bo nocessary to reduce the effect of background vibration: NOTE In some cases the ofoct of background vibyation may be nulilied by spectrum analysis or by einating the offendingSO 10616-3: 199846;180 10816-3:1998(€) Figure 2 — Measuring points for verticel machine sets 4 Machine classification {im this patt of ISO 10816 the vibration severity will be classilied according to the following parameters: - machine type: = raled power or shalt height; = support system texiityISO 10916-3 199K) 4.1 Classification according to machine type tated power or shatt height Signitea a starences my design vutioreet « 08 regure a sepa raups miny have how -chi a vo.teal Group 1 Largs maciunes vnth rate {1 rales 209 AVY elsetncal machines wall shalt height Hs 315 1m ‘These machinas normally have stew. be1ng3. The AnYe of euerating or neminal spO2Is IS Math ay hes ranges trom 120 rin to 15 000 dean, Group 2 Madum size Machines wll) a rated paver abous 15 KY wp 10 and including 300 KWY electrical moet snith shat hevght 169 mm s He 315 201 ‘These machines normaly have fling element bearings and operating speeds above 600 sfnin Group 3+ Pumps wath mutivane impetar and with separate driver (cenleugat mixed fons or axial How} vath rated power above 15 Kv Machines ol his group may have sloove 0: roling element bearings Group 4 Pumps with multivane inpelter and will integrated diver (centrlugal rrixed llow and axial Now) with ratsd power above 15 40 Machines of this group mostly may have sieeve or rolling element bearings notes 1 The shat neignt H of a machine is detned in 150.496 as the distance measured on the machine may for debvory Dbotween the cerirsine ofthe shat and the base plana ef ine mactune tse! (See igure 1) 2_The shalt height of a machine vthout Feet or 9 machina with raises foot oF any vertical machine isto be taken as Ine sth Inoight of a machine inthe same basic ame. Ou! ofthe hauzonial shat kes enounting type When te fme eurkeown Halo Ihe machino diameter stould be used 42 Classification according to support flexibility Two conditions aro used to classify the support assombly llexibilty n specified ciections: ~ igid suppers: ~ flexibte supports ‘Thase support consiions are determined by the relationship belween tho machine and loundation flexibilities. I the lowest natural equency of the combined: machine and support system in the direslion ol measurement is higher than its main excitation Irequency (Ihis is n most cases the rotational frequency) by at least 25%, then the neral H sot + the two evalyanon esenia used to assess severity 1 sarous clas623 of machine inva gecons ‘considers enanges #1 mag se eh chether they are incieases or decreases 5.1 Criterion k: Vibration magnitude This erkenon 6 concomed with defmeg |onts for vibration magntade consistent with acceptable dynamic foads on the bearings and acceplabie vibration wancmssioa inlo the envionment ough the suppen stucure and foundation The maximum vitraion mag utude observed al each beating of pedestal 15 assessed against the valuation zones have beon estaniished from international exponiance evaluation zones for the suppor! class 7 51.1 Evaluation zones Hine following evakiation zones ara dalmnd te perm a qualtalive assessment of the vibration of a given machine Jand provide guidelines on possible actions [Zone A. The vibration of nesly commissioned machines would normaly fal within this zone Zone B. Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered acceptable for unvestticled fong term operation Zone C: Machises with vibration within this zone are normally considered unsatisfactory for fong-termn continuous operation Gonoraly the machine may be operated tor a limited period in Unis condition Until & sullable opportu arises for remedial action Zone D; Vibration values within this zone are normally considered to be of sullicient severity to cause damage te the machine ‘Numerical values assigned to the zone boundaries ara not intended to serve as acceptance specifications, which shall be subject 10 agreement between the machine manutaeturer and customer, However, nese values provide Jguidatines for ensuring that grass deliciencies or unrealistic requirements are avoided In certain cases, theve may be specific fealures associated with a paricular machine which would require diferent cone boundary valves {igner or lower} fo be used In such cases, Ws normally nocessaty for the machine manufacturer to explain the reasons for his and. in particular {0 conf that the machine would nol be endangered by operating wif higher vibration values. 6.12 Evaluation zone limits “he values for the zone boundaries which are given in tables A 1 A2, A and A4 are based on the maximum broad-band values of velocily and displacement when measurements ‘are taken from two orthogonally oriented radial transducers. Theretore when using these tables, the higher of each al the valves measured from the two leansducers in each measurement plane should bo used, When the maximum measured values of velocity and ‘isplacoment are compared to the corresponding values in table A1.A2 A2 or Ad, the severily zone ‘which is ‘ost resticive shall apply i is not common practice to measure axial vibration on main radial foad-canying bearings during continuous Joperatignat monkoring. Such measurements are primatily used during periedie vibralion surveys or for diagnostic lpurposes. Cortain fauis aro more casily dotectod in the axial direction Specific axial vibration criteria are al the moment only given in the case of thrus! bearings where axial vibration corraiales with axial pulsations which could Jcause damage to the axial load-carrying surlaces The eriteria of tables A1, A2, A3 and Ad apply to tadial vibration on all bearings and to axial vibration on thrust bearings. IS 14 Pump vibration ‘The evaluation efitora in tables A.3 and A 4 apply for operation at the rated flow rate of the pump Higher vibration values may ccour al other than rated flow conditions due to increased hydraulic forces in pata lov, These values may be permissible for short term operation, but could cause damage of accelerated wear aver sustained periods ALARM and TRIP values ray be adjusted accordingly based upon experiencehs Fora bs teatea proton, Zip yes bse anne Ay For esti) <1 oF pimps ote wapona that special care be Hikes To avid rasan ce wr the connected ping ote fovoston ah ihe normal erstaton Weguencias (eg one or ty = wnise ths running beguency et Glande pasate, Hontiene,) as such resonances can cause excessive vibuator 5.2. Criterion th: Change in vibration magnitude This « ss5ment of 2 change in wbration magnitude trom a prewously established reforance value A sign! cant change m Broad band vibration magnitudo may Cceur which requires som action even though Tone G of Crt sion thas not been reached Such changes ean be instantaneo.ss or progressive wath tene and may Fretcate vc pen! camage oF some olloe waagulanty Cotesan Ils species on bie Gass of the change im bioad band wiauicn magmiude accusing under steady state operating condiians Stondy siaie operating candiions should be interpreted to includ small changes in he machine power 6: operational coneiONs ‘When Crtenon il is applied, the vibration measurements being compared shall be taken at the same transducer Tocation and orientation and under approximately the same machine operaiing concilians Obvious changes in the fnortnal vibration magnitudes regardless of their folal amount should be investigated so thal a dangerous sivaiion may be avouted When an increase o- dectease in vibralian magmlude exceeds 25 % ol the upper value ol zone B a5 delned n table At A2 AS orAd such changes should be considerad signilicant. particularly # they are [Sudden Dagraste investigations shouid then be iaiiated to ascertain the reason for tha change and lo determine suhal further achans are appropriate NOTE The 25% vahie ie provided as a guidatne lor a signiieant change in vibratian magniucle but other values may be fused based cn experience with 8 specie machine eg a lsiger deviation may he permite for seme pumps 53. Operational limits For ong teen operation it is common practice to establish operational vibration limits These Himils take the form of ALARMS and TAIPS ALARMS: To provide a warning that a dened value of vibration has baen reached o* a significant change has loccurred al which remedal action may be necessary. ln general. il an ALAFIM situation oecurs, operation ean [continue lor a period whist invastigatons aro carried oUt to dently tha reason for the change in vibration and deline fany rensadial detion TRIPS: To specily the magnitude of vitration beyond which further operation al {he machine may cause damage. It the TRIP value is exceeded immediate acton should be laken to reduce the vibration oF the machine should be shul down loitierent operational tmits, ritecting aitferences in dynamic loading an suppor stiliness may be specifiad for [ailferent measurement positions and directions 15.34 Setting of ALARMS. [the ALARM valves may vary considerably, up or down, for dilleran! machines, The valves chosen will normally be 5 relative [0 & basoline valve determined from experience for the measurement position oF ditection for that articufar machine ft is recommended that the ALARM value should be set higher than the baseline by an amaunt equat to 25 % of the per Fit for zone B. Il Ura baseline is low, the ALARM may be bolow zone C. Mere there is no established baseline (for example with @ new machine) the intial ALARM selling should be based fither on experience with other similar machines or relative fo agreed acceplance values. Aller a period of time, the teady state baseline value wil be established and the ALARM seting should be adjusted accordingly tig recommended thal the ALARM value should not normally exceed 1 25 times the upper limit of zone B30 150 198 16-3-1998(6) Wine sled, zinim baseline ehangas (lor exanyie alter a 2.9214 2 e-eehaulh 2 ALARM setting shouts be 532 Setting of TRIPS aden on any specie TRIP osiucs Gall. gpneraiy selate ta the macharveal wiasnt, of the mactwie and be d design taalures winch have Bean iniraduced to enable th richie 10 mihsland abnormal dynierwc forces The vslues set if tharelore goneraly be te same for all ssacinca of syrvlar design and Would fot ntinally be nady state baseline value used for setting ALARMS. These may ho-ever be ditierences for machines ol uilferent cssiga an 1 is not possible to gve clear guidelines for absolute TRIP values In genera, the TRIP valve wal be within 20ne C oF O but Wis recamurended that the TRIP ‘value should Hol exceed 4 25 hanes the upper lnvt of zane C 54 Supplementary procedures/criteria The measurement and evalvalion of machine vibration gwen in this part of !SO 10816 may be supplomented by nat vibration measurements 2nd iho applicable ertria gan in ISO 7919 3. lis important lo recogmze that there ‘6 no simple way to rolate bearing housing vibration to shaft vibration, or vice versa The dilference between the Shalt absoluie and shalt relative measurements ie related lo the Bearing housing vibtelion but may not Be numerically equal fo it because of phase angle dillerences Thus when the critesa of this part of ISO 10816 and tose of ISO 79199 are both applied in the assessment of machine vibration independent shalt and bearing using {or pedestal) vibration measvrements shail be made tl appicalion of the dlllerenl erteria leacts to diferent assessinents of vibration Severity the more resleicive zone classilieation is considered to apply 5.5. Evaluation based on vibration vector information ‘The evaluation considered in this part ol [SO 10816 is lirited to broad band vibration without reference to lrequency components or phase This wil, in most cases be adequate lor acceptance testing and Tor operational monitoring purposes However, for long term condition monitoring purposes aad for diagnostics, the use of vibration vector inlormation is particulary useful for detecting and detining changes in the dynamic state of the machine. in some: ceases. these chaniges would go undetected when using only broad-band vibration measuramonts (see. lor example. 150 108 16-1) Phase: and Irequency-related vibration information is being used Increasingly for monitoring and diagnostic purposes The specification of chieda for this however is heyond tho prosent seapa of this part ol ISO 10816Iso routs. Annex A (normative) Evaluation zone boundaries is eulfcoat ts ove sctcuge the zone boundary values al vt ras been found that sturaton seins Tho main esaluaton quantily is therelose wide range of machine Iypes and machin opsraring sooed fave valve of vibration velocity NOTE tnansny eases a ys custon ary 12 meson whew 49 8) a struments scaled 19 ¥ead peat voter than tm = ot en Wine rbraton wave foun 1s basally 2 single sinusoid a siniia fehwonsnp evsts balween peak and rms valves and the zane bourdores in the lables may be renthy expressed in 22te fo peak values by muliplying by V2 or in peak o peak values bby mutipiying by 2V2 Alternatively the measured zero f0 peak vibration values may ba duided by J and judged agamns! the ims enters of tables AT A2 ADOrAA For many machines iis common for the wbration ta be pracmusaiiy atthe running frequency ofthe machine anh ths ease ‘of pumps sometimes at Blade passing equency For such cases aid when peak rather than cm valves of wibvatn ave being imeasisod tables equivalent io lables A A2 AA and A dewr be cunstucied The zone boundries of he given tables ae muatiped by a Inctoe of to produce such eainvalenttabins lar 12e888In9 pals vibration severly ony one feavoncy = reson itis recognized that the use of a single value of vibration velocity regardless of frequency can lead Io unacceptably large vibration displacements. This particularly so for machines with low operating speeds when the once per revolution vibration component fs dominant Similafly, ccnsiant velocity criteria for machines vith high operating speeds, oF with a sigificant vibration energy concentrated in a high-frequency range can lead to unacceptably hight acceleration values Ideally acceptance cnteria should be proviied in terms of displacement. velocity. and acceleration depending on the speed range and type ol machine. At present, Rowover vibration zona boundary vvaluas are given only in terms ol velocity and displacement They are presented i the gonorat form el tables A 1 AZ AZand A 4 for the lour machine groups covered by this part of ISO 10816 The limits apply to the bread band rms. valuos ol vibration valocily and dleplacement in the Irequency ange ttom 1WHz to 1.000H2 or for machines wth speeds below 600 rmin trom 2Hz to 1000 He In mosi cases. itis sufficient to measure only vibration velocity | the vibration spectrum is expecled 10 coniain low-lrequency components the evaluation should be based on broad band measurements of both velocity and displacement ines of all jour groups can be installed on rigid oF flexible supports For bath dliferent evaluation zone values sacl felines for he support classification are given in clause 4 are provided ia tables A1A2.A3and Ad Gul ‘Tablo A.1 — Classification of vibration severity zones for machinos of Group 1: Large machines with rated ower above 300 kW and no! more than 50 MW; electrical machines with shalt height 2 915 ma Support class Zone boundary | Rime displacement Rime veloaity ke mens fige ne 2 23 eA} Bre 57 45 oD 90 2a Flexibie 7 ry 4 35 bie 20 7 on 140 0 10