Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • TSPHF 2009 - Part 3 (Chapter 5)

    Uploaded by

    Tung Doan Thanh
    8 views236 pages

    Original Title

    TSPHF 2009- Part 3 (Chapter 5)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views236 pages

    TSPHF 2009 - Part 3 (Chapter 5)

    Uploaded by

    Tung Doan Thanh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 236
    Tai or 7 pee [Ascenso ime ise Utena] Response spectzum ealevlation PART I BACILITIES, CHAPTER $ MOORING FACILMES history of engineering grou] sesponse ealeulation {dimensional seismic Wo liguefetion Gravity ype Shee pike ype {7 “pecsertion tne tty ground saice —] Mesure oaeseian af ied fom celeration tine history afer ier process (iter wil dtr depending onthe secure) ‘Response acceleration ar comesponding Ponto natu petod tp ~Pattial factor design method -— pees eee CELE Maximum value of acceleration a, considering ‘he elect of duntion 7 (Compensation method wil dir depending 1p ebucturl type). (a. D,) £Q(CG wil iter in ene stsctural type) 1 Stress ox pte: Stcas i) Stess led tess |] Axil direction free on pile 4] Axial dieston forces Sliding, overturning, ‘nd bearing capaci of ground: Etec of action sStength eee sicko pies Sveee eid stress {allowable arial bearing capacity of pile _— towable aa bearing capacity of pile | fomaon cic by Syne gigs {Gcnlizar tate cleneataaiyoe se So Geavity ype 1 Sheet pile ype x. ami interaction of ground and stctre) Fig. 144 Example of Performance Verification Procedure for Level 1 earthquake ground motion ‘Acceleration time history ofenginecing ground am iy op ene Yerification by appropriate tech Cesponse displacement method, aatincar eifectve tres analysis, oe), consierng {he ruta ype, mmpovae,ecetacy of aalvcal method, t Nonetnear finite element analysis of effective tess ‘enabling consideration of dynamic interaction of round sd stnactare poe Season Damage of stnctral memberszAllowable damage DeformationsAllowable deformation Deformations Allowable deformation ‘efonnationsAllowable deformation Sectional forcesSeati Pier Gaviy ype Fig. 1.1.2 Exemple of Performance Verification Procedure for Level 2 earthquake ground motion ~~ 12 LINIEHSIUIS alu LayuUt oF MULENIY FaALNNED (2) The dimensions of mooring facilities are preferably determined based on an understanding of the actual circumstances, including the number and type of cargoes und passengers utilizing the port, the type of packing, marine end land transportation, and other relevant factors, with due consideration given to future trends in cargo and passenger volumes, increased size of vessel, changes in transportation systems, and the like. {@) The layout of mooring facilites is preferably determined so that ship berthing and unberthing are easy, giving due consideration to sea conditions, topography, and subsoll conditions, and considering also the land transport network and land wilization in the hinterland. In particular, the locations of the following, facilities should be selected as follows. © Mooring facilities used by passenger ships should be isolated from the areas where hazardous cargoes are ‘handled, and a sufficient area of ond should be secured in the vieinity ofthe facilities for waiting rooms and parking lots. © Mooring facilities used by vessels loaded with hazardous cargoes should be Joceted in accordance with the flowing conditions: 8) Mooring facilities are isolated from such facilities as housing, schools, and hospital, B) The required safety distance from other mooring fecilties and sailing vessels is secured. © Countermeasures against spills of hazardous materials are easily mobilized. ® Mooring sities wheres considerable mount of noisemay be generatedby vessels or cargo handling equipment should be isolated from such facilis as housing, schools, and hospital to preserve & good environment for daily ving ‘Mooring facilites where conspicuous dust and offensive odors may be generated duting cargo handling work should be isolated from such facilities as housing, schools, and hospitals to preserve a good environment for daily living © Offshore mooring facilities should not hinder the navigation or anchorage of vessels Whenever possible, high carthquake-resstane facilities and lige-scale mooring facilites are preferably arranged in aeas with good ground conditions, s large investment may be required for ground improvement, cfc, depending onthe ground conditions. © Regarding facilities which may have a large effect on life, property, and social and economic activities. If those facilities are damaged and high carthquake-resistance facilities, in cases where such facilities are located near the hypocenter of an inland active fault, the objective facilities are preferably constructed in such way thet the face line is orthogonal to the direction of the seismogenic (aul. This is recommended because ‘particularly strong ground motion may occur in the direction orthogonal to the inland active fault near the fault hhypocenter, and an arrangement in which the face line ofthe facilities is orthogonal to the seismogenic fault is structurally advantageous against actions due to ground movement generated by such active faults 1.3 Selection of Structural Type of Mooring Facilities ‘The selection of the structural type for mooring facilites is preferably determined based on a comparative study of the following itera, considering the characteristics of each structural type. © Natural condition ® Usage condition ® Construction condition @ Economic condition 4.4 Standard Concept of Allowable Deformation of High Earthquake-resistance Facilities for Level 2 Earthquake Ground Motion () The standard limit for deformation in accidental situations for Level 2 earthquake ground motion may be set 2s follows, depending on the perforinance requirements ofthe facilities. Provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases in which deformation is set based on a total judgment, considering site conditions, performance requirements, structural type, etc. ofthe objective facilities, (@ High earthquake-tesistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport) From the viewpoint of function, the alloweble residual deformation of high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport) can be set, as a standard, at approximately 20-100em, and ~6B- PART Il FACILITES, CHAPTER 5 MOORING FACILITIES the allowable residual inctination angle can be sei at approximately 3°, For exaunple, becouse material, ete. for emergency restoration are stockpiled at all times and a system for emergency restoration is prepared, in ‘cases where itis judged that serviceability can be secuted even in the event of large deformation, allowable deformation can be set et approximately 10cm, (8) High earthquake-resistance facilites (specially designated (trunk line cargo transport) ‘The allowable residust deformation for high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designsted (trunk line ‘cargo transport) is set based on the period until the expected functions can be restored, From the viewpoint of ‘maintaining the trunk line eargo transport function, it is more rational ta set a shorter period for earthquakes in which a wide area suffers damage, as in ocean trench type earthquakes, than tha for earthquakes in whieh ‘damage is concentrated in @ comparatively narrow area, 2s in an inland active fault earthquakes. In this case, « smaller allowable deformation can be set for an ocean trench type earthquake than for an inland active fault earthquake, In high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (trunk line eargo transport), in order to secure the same level of earthquake resistance in cranes as that ofthe mooring facilities, eranes with a seismic igolation/ damping mechanisin are installed, In this case, @ scismic response analysis which considers the dynamic interaction of the mooring facilities and cranes is performed, and the response of the structural members of the cranes is set within the elastic limit. The limit of the celative deformation of the rail span shall be set ‘depending on the characteristics of the cargo handling equipment mounted on the rails. For example, ifthe elastic deformation range of the crane legs is 70cm and the limit (displacement stroke) of the seismic isolation ‘mechanism is 20cm, the limit ofthe relative deformation ofthe rail span may be set at 10Qex. (© High earthquake-resistance facilites (standard (emergency supply transpord) ‘The allowable residual deformation for high eatthqueke-resistance facilities (tandard (emergency supply transport)) must be set with consideration given to enabling cargo handling after a certain period following the ‘action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion. An appropriate value roughly on the order of 100em or more ean bbe set for residual horizontal deformation. References » a ‘Takahashi 2,7. Nekamoto and F. Yoshimuca: Analysis of maritime transportation in Kobe Port after the 1995 Hyogoken- Nanbu Earthquake, Technieal Note of FHR] No.861,1997 ‘Karui, K, H, Takahashi, , Nekamoto and Y. Akakute: Evalustion of sllowable damage deformation of gravity ype any wall during earhquske, Proceedings of 1th Symposium on Esrthquake Engineering, K-4,1998 ~679~ Ministerial Ordinance Performance Requirements for Quaywalls Article 26 | The performance requirements for quaywalls shall be as specified in the subsequent items in consideration of its structural type: (1) The performance requirements shall be such that the requirements specified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism are satisfied so as to cnable the safe and smooth mooring of ships, embarkation and disembarkation of peopl, and handling of cargo. @ Damage to the quaywall due to self weight, earth pressure, Level 1 earthquake ground motions, berthing and traction by ships, imposed load or other actions shall not impair the functions of the quaywall concerned and not adversely affect its continued use, 2 In addition to the provisions of the previous paragraph, the performance requirements for quaywalls which are classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities shall be such that the damage due to the action of Level 2 earthquake ground motions and other actions do not affect the restoration through minor repair ‘works of the functions required for the quaywall concerned in the aftermath of the occurrence of Level 2 earthquake ground motions. Provided, however, that for the performance requirements for the quaywall which requires further improvement in earthquake-resistant performance due to environmental conditions, social conditions or other conditions to which the quaywall concerned is subjected, the damage duc to said actions shall not affect the restoration through minor repair works of the functions of the quaywall, concerned and its continued use. [Commentary] © Wharves clasified as high earthquake-resistance facilities (restorability, serviceability) ‘The following classifications are used as standatds in provisions stipulating the appropriate performance of high earthquake-resistance facilities, corresponding to the functions necessary after action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion and the allowable period for restoration in order to demonstrate those functions. © Specially designated (emergency supply transport): Facilities which can be used by ships and perform cembarkation/disembarkation of persons and cargo handling of emergency supplies, et. immediately after action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion, © Specially designated (trunk tine cargo transport): Facilities which can be used by ships and perform cargo handling of trunk line cargoes within a short period after action of Level 3 earthquake ground motion. © Standard (emergency supply transport: Facilities which can be used by ships and perform embarkation! ‘disembarkation of persons and cargo handling of emergency supplies, ete. within a certain poriod after action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion. {Technical Note] (D) Wharves Classified as High Barthquake-resistance Facilities © In.wharves which are classified as high earthquake-tesistance facilities, itis necessary to seoure restorability {or accidental situations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion. In the case of wharves in which farther improvement in earthquake resistance is necessary, depending on the natural conditions and social conditions where the wharf is installed, itis necessary to secure serviceability for the samme Design situation Provided, however, thet restorebility and serviceability, as used here, refer to the performance requirements of the functions considered necessary in the quaywall after action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion, and are independent of the essential functions considered necessacy in the objective wharf under normal conditions © Classification of high earthquake-resistance facilities High earthquake-resistance facilities are classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities (pecially designated (emergency supply transport), high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated ((runk line cargo transport), and high carthquake-resistance facilities (standard (emergency supply transport), corresponding to ~680- PART i FACILITIES, CHAPTER 5 MOORING FaCWIMIES ‘ne Functions required in the objective feilities after action of Level 2 earthquake ground mation, and sctings inconnection with the performance criteria and design situation re given corresponding to tess clasifeations For details ofthe classification of high carthquske-esistence fits, sce Table 2.1. ‘eble 2 Classifcation of Earthquake Resistance Facies Class of earthquake-resistance facility Functions: Most retain structural | Must retain structural | Must retain structural, | Jand cargo handling of cargoes. emergency supplies, et. Functions necessary after | Essential functions. Functions necessary after earthquake (essential earthquake (essential Functions are not functions ate not necessary). necessary) Performance —|Servicenbility? Restorabitity Restorability requirement [Allowable | Slight restoration Slight restoration (Certain degree of restoration restoration +): This pertovmanee requirement coreapand o funesions (emergency supply tonsport) which are nectar after sn earthguske, snd it ifeyent rm the perfomance eouitemert of the esse functions ofthe lies (@) Emergency Supply Transport Type High Barthquake-resistance Facilities, © specaty designated (emergency supply transpor) Thigh crthgoske-resistance facies (pecially designated mergency supply transport) itis necessary to sue serviceability wit respect to acicenal stations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion Hove this servieablity doesnot necessarily mean that te facilities concerned wil be completely undamaged Mer ction of Level 2 earthquake ground rotion; ater, it means tha the damage mst be ined toa degree atwhieh the faites wil be lized forthe tenspert of emergency supplies. @ Standard (emergency supply transport) Tn high earthquake resistance feciities (tandard (emergency supply transport), i is wecessary to secure restorabilty with respect to accidental situations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion. Here, thie restrability means that its necessary to limit damage to a degree where restraton is possible, so that emergency supplies cam be transported, afte a certain period by emergency restraton, even in cases in which facilities are darsaged by action of Level 2 earthquake ground motion, “Certain period,” es used here, means period on the order of approximately | week after the action of Level 2 earthquake ground mation. © Trunk Line Cargo Transport Type High Earthquake resistance Facilities Inhigh earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (trunk line cargo transport), itis necessary to secure restorability with respect to accidental situations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion. Here, Testorability means that it is necessary to limit damage to a degree where transport of trunk line cargoes can be performed after a short period by slight restoration, for example, within the allowable deformation set in line ‘with the characteristics of the cargo handling equipment, even in case of damage by action of Level 2 earthquake ‘ground motion. "Short period,” es used here, will differ depending on the fanctions necessary inthe facilities Concerned, and therefore should be set appropriately corresponding tothe respective facilities. 681 - Public Notice Performance Criteria of Quaywalls Article 48, 1 The performance criteria which are common for quaywalls shall be as specified in the subsequent items: ‘(0 Quaywalls shall have the water depth and length necessary for accommodating the design ships in consideration of their dimensions, 2) Quaywalls shall have the crown height as necessary in consideration of the range of tidal levels, the dimensions of the design ship, and the utilization conditions of the facilities eoncerned, @)Quaywalls shall have the ancillary equipment as necessary in consideration of the utilization conditions 2 In addition to the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the performance criteria of quaywalls which are classified as the high earthquake-resistance facilites shall be such that the degree of damage owing to ‘the actions of Level 2 earthquake ground motions, witich are the dominant action in the accidental action situation, is equal to or less than the threshold level corresponding to the performance requirements [Commentary] (1) Performance Criteria for Wharves © Quaywalls classified as high carthquake-resistance facilities G@) In settings in connection with the common performance criteria and design situation (limited to ‘accidental situation) for wharves classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities, the following can be used, corresponding to the Design situation. The performance requirements of restorability and serviceability in Attached Table 25 will differ depending on the classification of the high carthquake-resistance facilities. Furthermore, “Damage” has been adopted as the verification item in Attached Table 25 from the viewpoint of comprehensiveness, considering the fact thet verification items will differ depending on the structural type. Regarding the performance criteria in connection ‘with accidental situations common to quaywalls which are classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities, it may also be noted that settings in connection with Technical Standard publie notice Article 22 (Common Performance Criteria of Component Members of Target Facilities Subject tothe ‘Technical Standard) may also be applied, when necessary, in addition to this code. ‘Attached Table 25 Settings in Connection with Common Performance Criteria and Design Situation of Wharvas. Classified as High Earthqueke-res'slance Faciies (Limited to Aceldental Situations) EERE [vce Des sation #| »| | Performance ‘Verification tem | Index of standard limit valve 2] 8] 8] 2] B] g/ "| since | Daeanine ae] 2 | [@P2 | - [get | Aaoowa co Siri, | Drage : ssc eiguate Sep ie, own | edge *maan erviceabiliy with respect to “necessary function afer cuthguake emergency suplytanspard” 2) ths able, services i sans restora wit respect o “essai fnetion” or osesnry futon after eathuaksrereey *) his table, reson ‘supply anor) (b) Gravity-type quaywalls (high earthquake-resistance facilities) 1) Among the settings in connection with the performance criteria and design situation (limited to accidental situations) of quaywalls which are classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities, those concerning gravity-type quaywalls are as shown in Attached Table 26, = 682- PART I FACILITIES, CHAPTER § MOORING FACILITIES ‘Atlached Table 28 Settings in Connection with Perlormance Critela and Design Situation of Gravity-type Quaywalls Clessified as High Earthquake-resistance Facies (Limited to Accidental Situations) Winner ig [rue wane Design sition a] 2) fale] «termes este ee : a Hy gE] a] pomnine| cating | Yentatoten | ntetonntinite g ee Tesons | “atone i t % 2 | = | Resi | Aston [tz Saf welgit | Defspation afar |i fest defomaton Sse Srogyeke jar er, pone |Sacprewue, ioe [rene 1) 1 ha ale, “service means servcabty with espect "necessary fenton atc esehquake (emergency soppy rsp TP facut "restr" weons eloabiliy wit reaper to essential function” or"recesszy funtion ster earthquake (emergency supply tenspor)* 2) High earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport)) + Gerviceability) ‘The limit of deformation of gravity-type quaywalls which ate classified as high earthquake~ resistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport)) shall be deformation Of a degree such that berthing of ships for mavine transport of emergency supplies, evacuees, construction machinery for removing obstructions, etc. is possible, and shall be set appropriately. Asthe index of deformation in general the residual horizontal displacement of the quaywall can be 43) High carthquake-resistance facilities (epecially designated ((runk line supply transport) (estorability) ‘The limit of deformation of gravity-type quaywalls which are clasified as high earthquake- resistance facilities (Specially designated (trunk line cargo transport) shall be deformation of a degree such thet trunk line cargo transport ean be performed after slight restoration, within the permissible displacement set in line withthe characteristics of the cargo handling equipment, or Zima, and shall beset appropriately. Asindexes of deforination, in general, theresidual horizontal displacement ofthe quayival, residual inclination angle ofthe wall and relative displacement of the rail span can be used. Inthe case of quaywals using cargo handling equipment for trunk Line cargo transport, appropriate consideration shall be given tothe form, type, and characteristics of the cargo handling equipment when setting limit values. 44) High earthquake resistance facilities (Standard (emergency supply transport) ‘The limit of deformation of gravity-type quaywalls which are classified as high eatthquake- resistance facilities (standard (emergency supply transport) shall be deformation ofa degree such that carpo handling of emergency supplies can be performed after emergency restoration within given period of time, and shall be set appropriately. As the index of deformation, in general, che residual horizontal displacement of the queywall can be used. (© Sheet pile quaywalls (high carthquake-resistance facilities) 1) In the commentary on the performance criteria arid design situation (limited to accidental situations for quay walls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities, he itemsin connection sheet pile quaywalls ae es fellows, corresponding to the type of high eartaquake-resistance facilites. 2) High earthquake-resistance facilities (pecially designated (emergency supply transport) Gerviceability) 4) Settings in connection with the performance criteria and design situation (limited to accidental situations) of sheet pile quay alls lessified as high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially Gesignated (emergency supply transport) ate as shown in Attached Table 27. = 683 - “Ministerial Situations of Sheet Pile Guaywall ype High Earthquake-rsistance Facies (Specially Designated (emergency ‘Supply Transport, Specially Designated (Trunk Line Cargo Trenspor) wigs [mies asia satin . a] ay | reece nae witewontem | Wenof sanead BYE) a] 2] 8) g]rmierensy a [Dominating] somoning | ele =] 2) 2) 5] 2) 2 vation [yetions | astions * é 2] 2 | [=]? | - [Reratiin:Acdaenai|io | Saiwighy —| Osorno offen |i oF Secchi erage cry prs, |ofgsy wat ietraon emote |e reanic 7 Boden |Sucuage [Whisnant pies [Deen yl sss Rupture ofe members| Devin pte sensth Folly pase site of | Deign secon atength anchorage work)” | Clip pante sate meen) Resistance wsedon grcond fete (phn, Fatieg) Silty ofanchomge | Design aim rs otection atinat lint | [stag Gross svtonal ale of | Detign ultimate capaci ‘aperracare efecto loan 1D The aroeturl typeof anchorage works Himiad othe eases of vet pile anchorage coupled anchorage, 12) Tha racoal typo achoroge works inited tothe eave of coupled ie anchorage 13) The structural ype ofaneharage werk limied to the ese of oncele wall anchorage )- Taha sabe, “servicebiliy” means serviceability with respect a "necestryfenction afer eaetbauaks fmergeaey soppy ranepor)” snd iniates the roquired capacity fr pecially designated emergency supply nape) *) I his ube, “etry” means restrbiity with espet to "zat frtin,” aed indicates th requited capacity for specially esignated (eu lin ang tenepo, set pile anchorage fi) Deformation of face line of quaywall ‘The limit of deformation shall be equivalent to the limit for gravity-type quaywalls, i) Yielding of sheet pile Verification of yielding of shect piles shall mean verification tha the risk of stress generated in the sheet ple exceeding the yield stress is less than the limit value. iv) Rupture of tie member Verification of rupture of tie ods shall mean verification thatthe risk of stress generated in the tie members exceeding the design rupture strength is less than the limit value. -) Fully plastic state of anchorage work (case of sheet pile anchorage) Structural types of anchorage work are broadly classified as vertical pile anchorage, coupled- Pile anchorage, sheet pile anchorage, and concrete wall anchorage. In performance verification of anchorage work, appropriate verification items shall be set corresponding to the structural type. It should be noted that, in Attached Table 27, verification items are presented for anchorage work by vertical pile anchorage and coupled-pile anchorage; verification of a fully plastic state of anchorage work means verification that the flexural moment generated in the ‘embers of the anchorage work has not achieved a fully plastic state moment. Vi) Axial force acting on anchorage work (batter-type eoupled-ple anchorage) As mentioned in v), Attached Table 27 presents verification items for anchorage work for vertical pile anchorages and coupled pile anchorages; verification of the exial force acting on the anchorage means verification that the risk of the axial force acting on the anchorage piles ‘exceeding resistance based on failure of the ground is less than the limit value. Hlere axial force is either pushing force or pulling force and the resistance based on the failure of the ‘ground include pushing or pulling resistance of the anchorage. vil]Cross sectional failure of superstructure Verification of cross sectional falure of the superstructure means verification thatthe risk of the sectional force generated in the superstructure exceeding the design ultimate strength is less than the limit value, -684— PART il FACILITIES, CHAPTER S$ MOORING FACILITIES 3) High carthqueke-esistance facilities (pecially designated (rank line cargo wansport) estorabi The performance criteria of sheet pile quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities, (pecially designated (runk line cargo transport) shall be equivalent to the performance criteria of sheet pile quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport) 4) High earthquake-tesistance facilities (Gtandard (emergency supply transport (festorebilty) |). Settingsinconnection with the pesformance criteriaand desiga situation (limited to accidental situations) of sheet pile quay walls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilites Gtandard (emergency supply ‘anspor shall be as shown in Attached Table 28, Regarding the commentary on the performance criteria and design situation of sheet pile quaywalls classified as high carthquake-resistance facilites (Glandacd (emergency sopply transport), with the exception of the verification items in connection ‘vith sheet pile, the commentary shall be equivalent to that for the performance criteria and design situation of sheet pile quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities (specially designated (emergency supply transport), [Attached Table 28 Settings in connection with Performance Criteria and Design Situation (limited to Accidental ‘Sitvations) of Sheet Ple Quaywalls Classified as High Eerthquake:r (Standard (Emergency Supply Transport) stance Facies ‘Miniaarah inital | pubic noice Design situation 7 el S|, | Pererance a ee cesta Index of taeda 8{ E] g] 8] 8] g] | cso [Pointing casting | YO ‘it vaae BL 2] [| 2 | | | Resertiy [Accident] Safweight | Deformation afface | Limit of esidal deformation esetiquake | ror Fine of gyal round | presse, pein Ya Ray msenntcar Fay Forage a [Rupture of tis member | Derign euptore strength [ily las state of | Design section strength (ll reetagesetsy (pasieastemonca Tawa eczactingon | Reitanee based on ground Sncheesge woken [faire rushing, pli) | stbiliy af anchorage | Design ultimate capachy of ks eto utimate i state) Gove sectional ue [Design olinate capaci fsapeneverze [secton(alinate lien ste) *) Inthis able "Restor" mean esto Ty The racial ype of nchovage wore ited to the ase of vertical pit anchorage, ceupled-pllc anchorage, aad box pile anchorage (peat anshoroe werk sed tthe esse of covped pile anchors (pe of anchorage mek mite the ease of cones wal anehoegs. iy wth capect to “eecessry funtion efter eacthgutke(mergeneysiply teas 4) Cantilevered sheet pile queywalls (high earthquake-resistance facilities) ‘Among the settings in connection with the performance criteria and design situation (limited to ‘ecidental situations) of quaywalls classified es high eartbquake-resistance facilities, those applicable to cantilevered sheet pile quaywalls, with the exception of the verification items for tie rods and ‘anchorage work, shall be equivalent to the performance criteria and design situation of sheet pile ‘quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilites. ©) Double sheet pile quaywalls (high earthquake-resistance facilites) ‘Among the settings in connection with the performance criteria and design situation (Jimited to ‘accidental situations) of quaywall classified as high earthquake-resistance facilites, those epplicable to double sheet pile quaywalls shall be equivalent to the settings of the performance criteria and design situation of sheet pile quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities. £) Performance criteria of quay alls with relieving platform (high earthquake-resistance facilities) ‘Among the settings in connection with the performance criteria and design situation (limited to = 685 — 'o quaywalls with relieving platform shall be equivalent io the settings of the performance eriteria and design situation for gravity-type quaywalls and sheet pile quaywalls classified as high earthquake- resistance facilities, corresponding to the structural characteristics of the respective members, 8) Cellular-bullhead quay walls (high earthquake -resistance facilites) Among the settings in connection with performance criteria and design situation (limited to accidental situations) of quaywalls classified a high earthquake-resistance facilities, those applicable to celluiar-bullchead quaywalls shall be equivalent to the settings of the performance eriter design situation for gravity-type quaywalls classified as high earthquake-resistance facilities. [Technical Note] 24.4 Dimensions of Wharves (1) Dimensions of Wharves © Length ‘The length of a wharf used in performance verification of the wharf shall be set a the value obtained by adding the necessary lengths of the bow and stern mooring lines to the total length of the design ship, preconditioned ‘on exclusive use ofthe objective wharf by the design ship, ® Water depth ‘The water depth used in perforrnance verification ofa wharf shall be set as the value obtained by adding the keel Clearance corresponding tothe design ship to the maximum draft, for example, the load draft, ete, ofthe design ship in order to obtain a value which wil not hamper use ofthe design ship, © The crown height ofa wharf used in performance verification ofthe wharf shall give appropriate consideration to the assumed use conditions of the facilities, so as to enable safe and smooth use of the wharf. @ Shape of wall and front toe |In addition tothe items provided here, in performance verification of wharves, the shape of the wall and front toe ofthe wharf (clearance limits of structure) shall be set so thatthe ship does not eome into eontact with the \wharf members during berthing. @) Length, Water Depth and Layout of Berths © Itis preferable thatthe length and water depth of berths be se to appropriate values based on a study ofthe main dimensions of ships, ete. ‘When a vessel is moored parallel fo. wharf, dhe mooring lines shown ia Fig, 2uLL are requited. ‘The bow and stern lines are usually st at an angle of 30 to 4S* with the quay face, because these lines ere used to prevent both the longitudinsl movement (inthe bow and stern directions) and lateral movement (inthe onshore and offshore inections) of the vessel, © The water depth of berths can be calculated using equation (2.1), Here, the maximum draft represents the ‘maximum draft in a calm water condition, such as when the ship is moored, etc, in the operating condition, ©g, Full loed draft of the design ship. For the keel clearance, in gonera, itis preferable to use a value equal 1 approximately 10% of the maximum draft. Provided, however, in mooring facilities where sheltering by sips in a moored condition in abnormal weather or the like is conceivable, addition ofa keel clearance which ‘considers wind and wave factors, et. is necessary. Berth water depth = Maximum draft + Under Keel Clearance eu) @ Incase of a berth where flammable dangerous cargoes are handle, it is necessary to secure a distance of 30 m™ ‘ more from cil tauks, boifers, and working areas that use open fie to the cargo handling area and the mooring vessel atthe berth. However, when there is no risk that the cargo will catch fire inthe event of leakage because of the surrounding topography or structure ofthe facilities of the berth, the distance may be shortened to around 15m, © In case of a berth where fammable dangerous cargoes are handled by tankers, ee, itis necessary to secure @ distance of 30 m ot more from other anchored vessels and also to secure a distance of 30 m or more from other vessels navigating neasby in order to provide a room for their maneuvering. However, this distance may be increased or decreased as necessary in consideration ofthe size ofthe cargo carrying vessel, the type and size of vessels anchored ot navigating nearby, and the condition of ship congestion 686— PART Ill FACILITIES, CHAPTER § MOORING FACILITIES rApeE Di Cie BEPC HED Hea ‘A: bow line 1B: ster line C:spring lines Ds breast ines Fig, 21.1 Arrangement of Mooring Rapes ®© Standard values of wherf dimensions In setting the length and waler depth of a wherf in cases where the design ship cannot be identified, the standard ‘values of the main dimensions of wharves by ship type shown in Table 2.1.1 can be used. Here, the standard ‘values have been set based on the standard values of the main dimensions ofthe desiga ships shown in Part Tt, Chapter 8 Ships, Table 1.1. Io principl, the standard values shown in Table 2.1.1 have been set assuming thet the design ship moors parallel to the wharf; however, the standard values for ferries have been set also assuming ‘eases of bow and stern side docking type wharves. In the standard values for smal cargo ships, because there are large deviations in comparison with other ship types, 88 withthe standard values of the main dimensions of design ships, due consideration ofthis point is necessary when applying the standard values shown in Table 2.4 in setting the length and water depth of wharves for small cargo ships. Here, tae gross tonnage GT in Fable 2.1, 4 to 7is basically international gross tonnage, but there are also cases in which domestic gross tonnage is used, corresponding tothe features ofthe data used in seiting the standard values. In Table 2.1.1, in cases where gross tonnage GT refors to domestic gross tonnage, a note fo that effect is added. ‘Table 2.14 Standard Values of Main Dimensions of Berths in Cases where Design Ship cannot be Identiied __1. Cargo Ships Salfweighttonnege | Lengthofbecth | Water depth of berth “DWT a) @ 1,000 80 45 2,000 300 | 35 uo 65 bo. 5 160 90 170 100 190 io 240 120 260, 10 20 40 300 130 170 120,000 io 150,000 i 200 2. Container Ships Selfweightoanage | Lengih ofberth | Water depth of beth | (Reference) Container DWI) io) (o) | capucty (TEU) 10,000 170 90. 300-390 20,000, 220 no 1300 = 1.600 30,000 250 0 2000-2400 40,00, 300 Bo 2300 — 3200 0,000 330 Mo 3)500 = 3,900 60,000 350 150 4300 > 4700 190,000 400 16.0 7300_= 7700, ~687~ Self weight tonnage | Length of berth | Water depth ofberth DWTG jo) oy) 3,000) 30 45 2,000 100 53 3,000 10 65 5,000 130 73 1,000 v0 90 15,000 190 100 20000 210 uo 30,000 230 120 50,000 __70 0 _4, Rol-on Roli-off (RORO) ships Gross tonnage GT ] Length otberth | Water depth of berth —t o) ) 3,000 150 70 5000 380 1s 10,000 220 80 20,000 240 100 40,000 250 Ro 60,000 270 0 {G,006, 5,000, 10,000GT : Domeste Grose Tonnage) 5. Pure Car Carriers (PCC) Length ofberth | Water depth of berth (@) @) r 150 465 5,000 10 70 2.000 380 18 20000 200 30 30,000 230 100 40.000, 240 0 60000, 260 120 6. Passenger Ships (8,000, 500067 : Domestic Gross Tonnage) (Grose tonnage GT Length ofbrth | Water depth of berth (om) im) 3,000 BO 50 5,000 150 55 10,000 180 23 20,000 220 30 30,000 260 30 50.000 310 30 ‘00 340 30 100,000 370 30 688 — PART Ill FACILITIES, CHAPTER 5 MOORING FACILITIES 1. Fertiés 7-1 Intern Jiale- and Short-Distence Feras (sling distance less than 300k in Japan) Cae of bev and ter sie data ype Gos tonage OT eres : Lecter | Lealattas [wae anct mn) type quaywall (=) n) 5 ® 2 35 ‘oo % 2 B 100 % 3s 8 seo Pa FA 33 ion ts 3 3 sc000 iso ” 2B 13000 un 3 5 (inal cases, domestic gross tonnage) 7.2 Long-Distance Ferries (sling distance of 300km or more in Japan) Cae fn bow ‘doi ofboth ater | cuseotbow and sense tpe dosing | “Ey Gross tonnage docking | er ‘Totton YF reoemartern | tenghorven | FeethaFooe ad . worth | eae doug a |_type quay wal a 35 ino 3 3 hoon Be 2 3 % IBoo0 30 20 is % 00 aia 20 a 3 (Onall eases, comesti gross fonnage) i 8. Small Cargo Ships Self weighttonnsge | Length ofberh | Water dept of berth | |__pwrey oy oo 500 o 40 700 0 40 © Crown Height of Wharves © As the tidal level used as the datum for the crown height of wharves, the mean monthly-bighest water level can be used, @ in cases wher the design ship cannot beefed in general the vahes shown in Table 2.1.2 are widely used TEshoulé be noted thatthe ves inthis table are expressed using the mean monthly-highes water level 35 Soa rie 21.2 andar ronn egpict ners rei on 132m ernest 23-10 055m @ Clearance Limit of Wharves © The shape ofthe wall and front toe of the wharves shall be set appropriately so as not come into contact with ships dusing berthing. @ Inthe eross sections ofa vessel, the bottom corner seatons are slightly rounded and baveprojoctng bilge keels Timany cases, the radius of curvature ofthe corner sections nd the height ofthe bilge keels re 1.0 to 1.5 mand 30 0-40 em, respectively, Therefore the envelope of corer sections may be assumed tobe nearly 90°, nciuding the tlge keels. The planned water depths of berths are generally deeper than the loud draft ofthe design vessel by 0.3 m or more 689 ~ 2 The coarance limit of wharves may be determined using this Ggure as reference. However, ere shout normally be exoresed in using the clearance limit shown in the figure, because the rolling pitching, and heaving ‘motions of vessel at berth have not been taken into consideration in the figure. Clearance fimit ine —} ‘b: height of fender from the face line of wharf when itis compressed tesa Faeine Fig. 24.2 Clearance Limit for Mooning Facities (© Design Water Depth © The design water depth of a wharf shall be determined by considering its planned water depth as well asthe structural typ, the original sea bottom dopth, the method and accuracy of execution of work, andl he the result of scouring in font ofthe mooring facility. @ in general, the design water depth is not equal to the planned water depth, ‘The design water depth is ordinarily obtained by adding a margin to the planned waver depth in order to guarantee the required stability ofthe mooring facility. As this margin will vary according to the structural type, the water depth of the site, the construction method and accuracy, and the result of scouring, itis important to determine the design water depth carefully in consideration ofthese factors. © When it is ditfeult to determine the depth of scouring due to berthing vessels or curvents, it is advisable to provide scour prevention measures as desorbed in 2.1.2 Protection against Scouring, 24.2 Protection against Scouring In cases where Jarge scouring is anticipated at the front side of a wharf due to currents or turbulence generated by ship propellers, ete the front of the mooring facility shall be protected with armor stones, concrete blocks, or other ‘materials as a measure against scouring. —690- PART Ill FACILITIES, CHAPTER § MOORING FACILITIES 2.2 Gravity-type Quaywalls Pu Performance Criteria of Gravity-type Quaywalls Article 49 Notice ‘The performance criteria of gravity-type quaywalls shall be as specifie the subsequent items: (1) The risk of sliding failure of the ground under the permanent action situation in which the dominant action is self weight shall be equal to or less than the threshold level (Q) The risk of failure due to sliding or overturning of the quay wall body or insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation ground under the permanent action situation in which the dominant action is earth pressure and wader the variable action situation in which the main action is Level | earthquake ground ‘motions shall be equal to or less than the threshold level [Commentary] (1 Performance Criteria of Gravity-type Quaywalls © The commentary of the performance criteria and design situation (excluding accidental situations) of Pe _gravity-type quaywalls shall be as shown in Attached Table 29. In addition to this code, the settings jn connection with the Standard Pu Notice, Article 22, Paragraph 3 (Scouring and Sand Washing ‘Out) shall be applied as necessary, and the settings in connection with Article 23 and Article 27 shall be applied corresponding to the type of members comprising the objective gravity-type quay wall, |Altached Table 29 Settings of Performance Criteria and Design Situation {Excluding Accidental Situations) of Gravty-type Quaywalls Winrar Bigtrat Tpunie Nave Dag sustin a] fo] a] | Peumoe Martel aeacacee ede of sanded a] ef s| a] 3] gn | sion eatvae Bef 1 [2 | @L 1 | |Sorvicsailny| Permanent [Salt weight Cleculee lip file of [ Sytem flare probability In n| youd imines scone es eth inearh esr, {Eetngoee sence fein rate aah | Sawig, | Sng, ovrwning_| Curis ote inn fesse foster locqagvattennap | shgoake reser fie: Pree, | capo o acne) rson05) Portege | oud [Vertis JEU [Seifwaas, | Sng nearing [Ll va raliing eaehguste |esrth tonal bea Eta oertinng. wat |e, | eapayfouadan| Lt vale being eacy fotos | eter rund Allowable deformation of pres, Saya crown: Dusioen) rca {Technical Note] 2.2.4 Fundamentals of Performance Verification (1) Depending onthe type of wall structure, gravity-type quaywalls are classified as esisson type quay walls, L-shaped block type quaywalls, mess concrete block type quay walls, celular concrete block type quaywalls,castin-place conerete type quaywalls, upright wave-dissipating type quaywalls, and others. ‘The description provided herein ccan be applied to performance verification of these gravity-type quaywalls, Regarding w ight wave absorbing type quaywalls, the performance verification method shown in 2.11 Upright Wave-absorbing ‘Type Quaywwalls can be used as reference {@) An example of the performance verification procedure for gravity-type quaywalls is shown in Fig, 2.2.1. ~~ ‘Determination of design conditions }#———— oso (acing etn of Tonto veroton 4} _sipacions and bevel earthquake round maton | ing, overturning ofsupersincire + aaa [Werfcaion in connection with sliding, overaing of wall sisctre, and bearing capacity of foundation ground ‘Varinblopiaies asocited with Level | [Verfcation in connection with siding, overturning of wal svete, and bearing capacity of foundation gros ‘Vertcation of ciealar sip failure Detention of ros sectional dimensions ‘Vertcaion fa connettion with siactural members 1 AsBvahstios ofthe eects of liquefaction, subsidence ce ae nat ined i his proved, separate consideration socesary 2 ‘When necessary uy of deformation by dynamic analyse foc Love! earthquake ground metion possible. I earthquake cesitanee faces, study of deformation by dynamic analy pefecabe 43 Focenrthquake-esistnee faces, verfction for lve 2 earthquake ground motions performed. Fig. 22.1 Example of Performance Ver ation Procedure for Gravity-type Quaywalls (6) An example of the cross section ofa gravity-type quay wall is shown in Fig. 2. iting | iting ||-eS222invasidy prevention sand || sand Backflling stones! Sand Tavasion proventiddghect planed aie Sept Kt LX Crsent water dep 7 x Fig. 2.2.2 Example of Cross Section of Gravity-type Quaywall ~62- PART Il FACILITIES, CHAPTER 5 MOORING FACTIES 2.2.2 Actions 1) Seismic coefficient for verification used in verificetion of damage due to sliding and overturning of wall body and ‘ngufficient bering capacity of foundation ground in variable situations in respect of Level 1 earthquake ground motion 91% © Astthe seismic coefficient for verification used in performance verfiction, its necessary to set an appropriate seismic coefficient corresponding to the deforraation ofthe facilities concerned, considering the effecis of the frequency characteristics and duration ofthe ground motion and other relevant factors, The procedure of the _generally-used method of calculating the seismic coefficient for verification is as shown in Fig, 2.2.3. ‘Acceleration time history in engineering ground Seting of geotechnical conditions (ce @) Wee ‘Setting of flier considering frequenc chanclersies (0) ‘limensional seismic respoase analysis (sce O) dation of nil natural period of erland ground and ground directly underlying wall (= @)) Setting of filter(s (0) ‘Acceleration ime history of ground surface ‘Consider Fequaney dependency by filler processing ‘Setting of reduction factor (622 ©) ‘Maximum value of aocslration time histor St pound srtos consterng Requeney (Caleulaon of rot sum square of time sory (See) eeSedeny ¥ Canon atone (=) ae eee See ers Peer ‘Consider nfluence due to duration of seismic motion by reduction factor (a, * ¥ ‘Callation of maiz corected vale oF acceleration , (322) Soting ofallomable deformation D, fee YO) [goesageeeees seaaaeeee) y ‘Caleslaton of characteristic valu of seismie coefficient for verification (see @ia)) Fig. 22.3 Example of Procedure for Calculation of Seismic Coetficent for Verification ® The outline of the method of calculating the seismic coefficient for verification is shown in Fig. 2.24. First, the acceleration time history of the ground surface is calculated by setting the Level | earthquake ground mation in the bedrock and performing a 1-dimensional seismic response analysis using this as the input ground mation. {A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on the acceleration time history obtained in this manner to obtain the acceleration spectrum ofthe ground surface, Filter processing is then perforrned on the result, taking into ‘consideration frequency characteristios corresponding to the deformation of the gravity-type quaywall. The filter used here obtains the maximum value of acceleration atthe free surface of the ground from the results of @ seismic response analysis performed on multiple sine waves of different frequencies in such way that the horizontal residual displacement of the crown of the gravity-type quaywall becomes the target value, and assesses the coutribution to deformation of the quaywall of exch frequency component of the ground motion. ‘Accordingly, after filtering, the spectrum is «uniform deformation spectrum. As a result, the maximum value of ‘acceleration obtained after an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is independent of frequency and is assigned - 693 - Surface i obtanel by obtaining the mexinum aceleration rom the seceleration ime history aftr fering, nd rmulplyng oy bya reduction fictor p which considers the duration ofthe gromd motion. The characteristic ‘alue of the seismic coefcien for veicatin is ealcusted ving this coneted pec acelertion fy and the Allows deformation D, a the crown ofthe quaywall, tt should be noted atthe method of calculating th characteristic value ofthe sesmie coefficient for verison diflers in cases where sll provement is performed using the deep mixing method and sand compaction (SCP) witha veplacement ale of more than 70%. "Therefore, it is necessary to refer tothe following @(e). 12, Grand ste Backs! stones Sea bottom een ee eee Uniforn defermation spectra ater filtering Setting of Level | earthquake ground motion inenginering ground HH ‘Acceleration time history aftr Silering {csr sian} response analysis | D — consieration of effect of duration Acceleration time history of grou surfice Fas Fourier & {aston (FFD) An Acceleration specrum of ground surface Sonsderaton of fi ch 4 Calevlation of charncerstic value oF seismic coefficient for verieation based on maximum corrected acceleration a. and allowable ‘deformation B, Fig. 2.2.4 Outine of Method of Caleulating Seismic Coefficient for Verication @ Setting of geotechnical conditions In caleulating the seismic coefficient for verification, itis necessary to define the geotechnical conditions so as to enable an appropriate assessment ofthe geotechnical characteristics at the location concerned, In defining the geotechnical conditions, Part H, Chapter 3 Geotechnical Conditions, Part I, ANNEX 4, 1 Seismic Response Analysis of Local Soil Deposit may be used as reference, in L-dimensional seismic response analysis, the object isthe layered ground, as shown in the ground model in Fig. 2.2.4, andthe effects of the mound and Jocal ground factors suchas the backfilling stones, sand replacement, and the like are not considered. © One-dimensional seismic response analysis ‘The acceleration time history ofthe ground surface is calculated by a I-dimensional seismic response analysis which enables appropriate consideration of the ground characteristics atthe location concerned, using the Level ‘earthquake ground motion set forthe bedrock asthe input ground motion. The I-dimensional seismic response analysis shall be performed based on and appropriate method and setting of analysis conditions, referring to ANNEX 4, 1 Selsmie Response Analysis of Local Soil Deposit. -604~ PART ll FACIUTIES, CHAPTER | MOORING FACILIIES © Selling of filter considering fequency characteristic (@) Setting of filter ‘Asa filter which considers the frequency characteristics of ground motion used in verification of gravity-type ‘quayvalls, the result given by equation @.2.1) may be used, This isa filter which obtains the maximum ‘acceleration at the free ground surface ofthe ground from the results ofa seismic response analysis performed ‘on multiple sine waves using quaywall models with different geotechnical conditions and water depths in such a way thatthe horizontal residual displacement of the crown of the gravty-type quaywall becomes the target value, and assesses the contribution to deformation of the quaywall by the waves of each frequency component comprising the ground motion. In this method, ifthe frequency is large, an extremely large input ground motion is necessary in order t0 cause deformation of the wall, and if the frequency is small, equivalent deformation occurs due to an input ground motion of the same order. In other words, because deformation occurs easly inthe small frequency band and tends not to occar inthe large frequency band, the filter comprises a at region with «large value of b for frequencies of }.0H1z and under, and a region in which frequencies greater than LOH attenuate rapidly. é o--023 ayn, ln 4a; filter considering frequency characteristics of ground motion f+ frequency (2) 2H: vall height Gm) Hg + standard wall height (« 150m) + initial natural frequency of hinterland ground (6) Tax; standard initial natural frequency of ground (= 0.85) 1, + initial natura frequency of ground underneath of wall () ‘Taq + standard inital natural frequency of ground underneath of wall i: imaginary unit 149) ‘The value of b shall be set asa value in the range shown by equation (2.2.2) using the wall height Hof the | quaywall. However, respective ofthe range set in equation (2.2.2), in all cases, the lower limit shall be 0:28. 0.0477 +0.08 Py 2.26) where ae + maximum correction acceleration (ems?) Gy + maximum acceleration ater filtering ms") p+ reduction factor © Calculation of characteristic value of seismic coefficient for verification (@) Characteristic value of seismic coeficent for verification eer otic value ofthe seismic coe cient for verification hg which sused in performance ver ater St avavitytype guaywalls can be ealeulated from equation (2.2.7) using the maximum ‘compensated Secelovation 2; and the allowable deformation D, of the quay wall crown. phere so 2e) 0008 wa) where “hu characteristic value of seismic coefficient for verification ‘ae, :maxitntum correction acceleration (ems?) ig acceleration of gravity 9800m/") Dy, ‘allowoble deformation of quaywall crown (=10em) D,_ = stondaed deformation (10cm) (t) Setting of allowabie deformation Seng or formation ef ies must be st appropriately depending onthe fonetions sie the Ta ache conitions where the fits aro located, Te standard valu ofthe allowable Aoematng es aviytype quaywall for Level 1 earthquake ground mation canbe gven a Dar Oe ‘This standard ‘tloweble deformation (D,w=I0emn) is the avera Wee value of residual deformation of existing gravigrtype naywals for Level | earthquake ground motion cxlulted by seismic response nels -697- (@) The method presented here was developed assuming conditions under which liquefaction does not oceut. If ‘the method is to be applied under other conditions, its applicability must be exemined. (©) The method presented here was prepared for allowable deformation D, of5-20em. Therefore, care is necessary in cases where deformation outside of this rango is adopted as the allowable value. (© Depending on the site, Level | earthquake ground motion may be underestimated. Therefor, if this method js used, there is a possibility that extremely small values will be obtained for the seismic coefficient for verification. In such eases, the lower limit shall be set a 0.05, considering the uncertainty of hazard analysis when calculating Level {earthquake ground motion, the accuracy of the method of calculating the seismic ‘coefficient for verification, the method of defining allowable deformation, and similar factors, @ Incases where examination of the vertical direction by the seismic cocffcient for verification is necessary in the seismic coefficient method, itis necessary to set an appropriate seismic coeflicient for verification depending on the characteristics of the facilities, characteristics ofthe grotnd, ct (@) For the seismic coefficient for verification used in performance verification of structural members in accidental situations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion, calculation based on appropriate examination is preferable. For convenience, the seismic coefficient for verification used in performance verification of structural ‘members in accidental situations associated with Level 2 earthquake ground motion may be calculated by the ‘method described in the above (1), using the acceleration time history ofthe ground surface of the free ground area. In tis eas, the allowable deformation D, can be set at 50cm, However, in cases where this method is used, value greater than the seismic coefficient for verification for Level | earthquake ground motion must be used), with an upper limit of 0.25. Provided, howevei, that in case the scismic coefficient for verification for Level | carthquake ground motion exceeds 0.25, the higher value shall be used. @) Determination of Wall Body Portion © In cases where stability isto be confirmed by substituting inertia forces for seismic forces, itis necessary to assess the inertia foree based on an appropriate determination ofthe quaywall body. In this case, the quaywall body may be defined as shown below, depending on the type of structure, Provided, however, that in cases where deformation is assessed diveclly by a detailed method such as nonlinear effective stress analysis or the like, examination by this method shall not be required. @ As shovn in Fig, 2.227, the wall body of gravity-type quaywall can be taken as the portion between the face line of the quaywall and the vertical plane passing through the reat toe of the quaywail, Normally backfill is placed atthe rear of thie quaywall, In many types of gravity quaywalle, some part of this backfill acts as self ‘weight ofthe quaywall, and the portion of the backfill can be considered as a part of the quaywall body. tis

    You might also like