2.

7 ANALOGIES

Analogies are concerned with important critical thinking skills-concepts such as part/whole
vocabulary, categories, opposites, functions, similarities and differences. The main purpose of
analogy in language is to learn a peculiar manner of relationship that exists between two pairs of
words .The bifurcation is created with an intention to compare the two things so that the reader
can relate to something that retlects their similarity. In other words, analogy aids the reader. to
perhaps, have a visual understanding of the logic of what one is trying to exhibit.

Thus, the analogy question demands the reader to see a relationship between words and
it to other words. Some may consider it to be test of vocabulary but actually it judges the
apply
ability to think clearly and to side step confusion. To understand the concept better. exampies of
various types of analogies are explained below.

2.7.1 EXAMPLESS

Some examples of various kinds of relationships are given below:

1. Purpose relationship
GLOVE: BALL as
(a) hook: fish (b) winter: weather
(c) game: pennant (d) stadium: seats
The correct answer is (a) because the purpose of glove is to help in catching the ball and the

purpose of hook is to catch fish .

2.Causeand effect relationship

RACE: FATIGUE as
(a) french: athlete (b) fast: hunger
(c) art: bug (d) walking: running
Answer (b) is correct because fatigue is the effect of race whereas hunger is the effect of
fast.
3. Part and whole relationship
SNAKE: REPTILE as
(a) patch: thread (b) removal : snow

(c) struggle: wrestle (d) hand: clock

Answer (d) is correct because reptiles constitute a class and snake is one of themn. Similarty

hands of a clock are a part of it.

4. Part and part relationship
LYRICS :ODE as
(b) sky : earth
(a) head: legs
(c) bomb :science (d) newspaper journalist
Answer is (a). In the above example, Iyrics and ode are two types of poems. Similarly head
and legs are two parts of a human body. Both the words represent the parts of a bigger thing
 relationship
5. Action to object, an object to action
KICK: FOOTBALL

(a) kill: bomb (b) break : sell

(c) bread: bake (d) smoke: pipe

The correct answer is (d). Kick shows action and football the object of an action. Thic
n. This very
relationship is in (d) smoking is action and pipe object.
is

6. Synonym relationship
ENORMOUS: HUGE

(a) rough : rock (b) muddy: unclear

(c)purse: kitchen (d)black: white
The correct answer is (b) because muddy and unclear are synonyms.

7. Antonym relationship

PURITY: EVIL as
(a) night: day (b)north: climate
(c) angle: horns (d) boldness : victory
Answer (a) is correct because the two words are
antonyms.
8. Association relationship

DEVIL: WRONG as
(a) colour: sidewalk (b) slipper: state
(c) ink: writing (d)picture: bed
Answer (c) is correct because as devil is associated with
wrongs, so ink is associated with
9. Place relationship writing.
RED FORT: DELHI as
(a) Red square: Moscow (b) Albany: New York
(c) Chennai: India (d) Pakistan: Nepal
Answer (b) is correct because Red Fort is
situated in New Delhi and
10. Degree relationship Albany is in New York.
WARM: HOT as

(a) jump: fly b) purloin: pilfer

(c) firm: dogmatic (d) wind: tornado
Answer (d) is correct
2.7.2 EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1: L0ok at the
relationship between the two words
given. Find similar
relationship from the options given.
 Himalaya's Functional English Page| 87
VERBAL ANALOGIES
SET -1
7.
7 SYCOPHANT: FLATTERY anthologist: editor
PHYSICIAN: PATIENT D)
1. pantomimist viewer
A) nurse: hospital A) imposter: deference E)
B) g u a r d : warden B) embezzler : insolence

C)informer:agent C)bandit : hypocrisy 14. NOD:AGREEMEMT

D) swindler: fraudulence A) smirk: deceit

D) attorney: lawyer
accountant
: client E) advocate: defamation B) clasp: greed
E) C) guilt: nervousness

8. ABYSS DITCH D) shrug: indifference

2. GEYSER :STEAM
E) sneeze: allergy
:
fountain coin A) conflagration:campfire
A)
lava B)velocity : acceleration
B) volcano : 15. DILAPILATED:
C) glacier: iceberg C)umbrella:rain RENOVATION
D) avalanche trees D) square: rectangle
A) liberated: revelation
mudslide : rocks E) basement: house
E) B) devastated: collapse
C) extinguished: rekindling
3. PERSONAL: EMPL OYEES 9. EXPUNGE : RECORD

A) congregation: worshippers A) discharge: civilian D)appeased: refreshment

E) sheltered: rehabilitation
B) execute: order
B) donation : philanthropists
C) performance: observers C) ridicule : clown
16. VENERATE: IDOL
D) puppetry players D) exterminate : Ilife
E) punish : crimne A) describe: picture
E) freedom liberators
B) determine: experiment
10. FALLACY: IDEA C) relegate :representative
4. PARAGRAPH : PROSE
A) tenet: belief D) blame: scapegoat
A) stanza poetry E) Justify: mischance
B) misnomer: name
B) tenor: harmony
C) symptom: disease
C) refrain:chorus 17. EXPERT:PROFICIENT
D) signature: letter D) implication:accusation
E) amendment: document A) enemy: forceful
E) edition: book B) partisan: biased

5. ECHO:SOUND 11. CUB BEAR C) artist: legendry

collie: dog D) gourmet: unqualified
A) outline : image A)
bush : tree E) gossip: scrupulous
B) amplifier speaker B)
C) reflection: light C) mare : horse
D) child adult 18. PURITANICAL
D) deflection: blow
FRIVOLITY
E) resister: electricity E) root plant
A) secretaries: ascendancy
6. 12. SOCCER TEAMS B) neurotic: phobia
COLLATERAL:
A) golf: individuals C) intrepid: courage
REPAYMENT D) religious: doctrine
A) bail: appearance B) football: spectators
E) lazy: exertion
B) profit: cost C)badminton:rackets
C) veto : D) coach players
D)
suggestion 19 USURP:POWER
warranty : security E) baseball:bases
E) interest: investment A) hijack: airplane
B) borrow money
13. STORYTELLER : LISTENER
C) disconnect: wires
A) accompanist: composer
D) advice: monarch
B) critique : commentator
E) conceal: emotions
C)banter:humorist
 SET-2
A) ashes: fire b) darkness: sun
IINFLATE BIGGER
B) sunbeam : warmth c) space: time
A) expel:shorter
B) extend: longer
C) ripple : wave D) water ocean
C) extract wider D) drizzle : mist E) point: infinity
D) expose softer E) gust: wind
14. CATHEDRAL: CHAPEL
E) expunge : lighter
A) mortar : brick
8. FOOLHARDY: BOLD
2 CHART: NAVIGATOR A) cruel disobedient Blandscape: views
A) novel : reader B) discontented smug C) horizon: sky
B) log: captain C)gullible : trusting D) shelf: tier
C)map: motorist D) fearful: heroic E) city: village
D) pedigree: dog E) helpless: sympathetic 15. ANARCHIST: LAWS
E) graph:mathematician A) partisan :allegiance
3 SIEVE DRAINING
9.UPROARIOUS:FUNNY B) federalist union
A) mysterious alarming C) pacifist : war
A) paper: writing B) outrageous: improper
B) oven : cleaning
D) insurgent rebellion
C) anxious :serene E) despot: leadership
C)faucet:washing D) thunderous rainy
D) film: developing E) ponderous : tired 16. CARICATURE: PORTRAIT
E) filter: separating A) parody : poem
10. PRESCIENT: FORESIGHT B) clown:jester
4. POKER :CARDS C) medley : symphony
A) obstinate compliance
A) racetrack: horses B) oblivious awareness D) episode: tragedy
B) lottery: dice C) renounced: preference E) opera : soprano
C) roulette : wheel D) assiduous: diligence 17. RACONTEUR : ANECDOTEs
D) football : points E) superficial: appeal
E) dealer: odds A) editor: books

11.
B) screenwriter: credits
PARACHUTE: AEROPLANE
5. BRUSH: TOUCH
A) trunk: tree
C)comedian : jokes
A) glimpse: see D) lecturer :digressions
B) lifeboat: ship E) actor : roles
B) study: read
C) chanter speak
C)knapsack: school
D) trampoline: tent 18. DEADPAN EMOTION
D) dodge: run E) elevator: floor A) distrustful: alertness
E) finger: point B)lethargic: energy
12. PULSE: HEART C) mobile : movement
6. MARBEL: SCULPTURE A) pitch: music D) ambivalent: precision
A) canvas: portrait B) nerve: brain E) petty: openness
B) silvers: kaleidoscope C) tick: clock
19. INTRACTABLE: OBEY
C)upholstery: sofa D) motor engine
A) modest: hide
D) glass: goblet E) blood: arteries
E) glue :collage B) forlorn: comfort
13. MOMENT: ETERNITY C)cynical sneer
7. CLOUDBURST: RAINFALL A) light: beam D) steadfast: change
E)pompous proclaim
 Himalaya's Functional English Page | 89

SET 3
A) draft: essay
: FOOT
D) debate compromise
F O O T S T O O L

E) hope: tuture B) manual process

I.
A) desk: floor C)applause :performance
B) table: hand D) recital: concert
8) COVEN WITCHES
E) journal :news
C)bench :chair A) tavern : bartenders
D) pillow: head
B) altar: clergy 15. TALON: HAWVK
E) pencil: p o c k e t
C) amulet: vampires A) horn: bull
2 .C A N O E : R A P I D S
D)castle royalty B) fang: snake
A) plane: turbulence
E) choir: singers C) claw :tiger
B) truck: g a r a g e D) tail: monkey
oar rowboat
9.STALWART: STRENGTH E) shell: tortoise
C)
D) factory: automation
A) penniless : wealth 16. APOLOGY :RUEFUL
E) pond: s t r e a m B) portly : girth
A) confession: inquisitive
C) persuasive : depth
3. IRON: B L A C K S M I T H D) pernicious health B) request: grateful
C) recommendation: censorious

A)gold: miser E) precious : mirth

B)clay potter
D) boast :proud
E) taunt: timid
10.OPALESCENT
C)food gourmet
D)steel: industrialist IRIDESCENCE 17. DEFECTOR: CAUSE

E)silver: miner A) magnetic: repulsion A) counterfeiter: money

B )garish drabness B) deserter: armny
4. ACRE: LAND
C) flushed: ruddiness
A) distance : space
C)critic :book
D)effervescent stagnation D) advertiser :sale
B)speed: movement
darkness
E) fluorescent : E) intruder: meeting
C)gallon:liquid 11.BLUEPRINT BUILDING
D) degree : thermometer 18. STUPEFACTION: ALERRT

E)year: birthday A) trunk tree A) vexation: curious

B) skin hand B) contention: grave
5.CONVENE: ASSEMBLY
C)watch : time C)perplexity: courteous
A) borrow: library
D )photograph: camera D) apprehension: optimistic
B) reprove : defiance
E)pattern: dress E) enlightenment: wise
C) contrast shadow
D) implicate: court 12.DECISION : JUDGE 19. CUPIDITY: WEALTH

E)compile collection A) decision: jury A) affection: passion

B )verdicet: defendant B) intelligence :wit
6. COMPATRIOTS: COUNTRY C) examination: teacher
C) mourning: death
A)transients home D) diagnosis : doctor
D) gluttony:food
B)kinsfolk: family E) election :
candidate
E) audacity :fear
C)competitors team
D) performers 13. ALUMINIUM: METAL 20. TACIT: WORDs
: audience
E)figureheads: government A) alloy: Element A) visible: scenes
B) steel: Tin B) inevitable facts

7)ENTREATY REQUEST C) hydrogen :water C) colourtul: hues

)convietion:
B) opinion
theory truth
:
D) oxygen :Gas
E) diamond: Rind
D) suspicious: clues
E) unanimous: disagreements
Csuccess : persistence 14.REHEARSAL: PLAY
 Himalaya's Functional English Page | 90

SET-4
. ALBUM : PHTOGRAPHS B) steadfast: loyalty 14. THIMBLE: FINGER
A) trial: briefs C)courageous anxiety A) apron : clothes
B) boards : directors D) careless: safety B) ruler: line
C)meeting: agendas E) aggressive : exuberance C) bracelet ring
D) scrapbook : clippings D) saw : wood

E) checkbook : money 8. ACCLAIM: ADMIRER E) needle: thread

A) imitate : leader
15. SHORTHAND: RAPIDITY
2. STOMACH : DIGEST B) rehearse: performer
A) eyes: briefs C) censure denouncer
A) typing: diligence
B) muscles : cramp
B) stenography: aptitude
D) destroy: bungler
C) art: simplicity
C)arteries : bleed E) inquire: accuser
D) teeth: chew D) paper penmanship
E) code: secrecy
E) bones: break 9. GARRULOUS: TALK
A) extravagant: spend 16. DOODLE : DRAW
3 SIGNATURE : CONSENT B) loquacious : joke A) coddle : pamper
A) employment: qualification C) enthusiastic : stimulate B) meddle: interfere
B) writing: education D) antagonistic retreat C) waddle : run
C) intellect: education E) ruthless sympathize D) prattle: talk
D) wave : gesture
E) protest: argue
E) nod:agreement 10. ACTORS TROUPE
A) criminals: coterie 17. CLOSEFISTED: SKINFLINT
4. DRILL HOLE A) inane : scapegoat
B) demagogues: junta
A) air: window C) politicians : equipment B) immoral daredevil
B) axe: tree D)soldiers phalanx C) impetuous: hothead
C) hammer: nail D) irresolute: spitfire
D) string: bundle 11. ICE PACK : SWELLING E) inarticulate: busybody
E) plow: furrow A) magnet: attraction 18. VOLATILE : VAPORIZED
B) tournament: bleeding A) oily: dried
5. SEETHE: ANGER
C) bulb:illumination B) edible: wilted
A) smile : shame
D) thermometer fever C) concave : curved
B) writhe: nonchalance E) funnel pouring8
C) precede: event D) diverse: concentrated
D) view : vision 12. NOVELIST: FICTION
E) combustible: ignited
E) glow : happiness A) detective: crime 19. CONTRACTION: LETTER
6. MOLT: FEATHERS
B) carpenter plumber A) period : sentence
C) aggression : dominance B) retraction: complaint
A) shear: wool
B) shed hair D) composer: music C) explanation understanding
C) lop: branches E) book pages D) ellipsis: word
D) drop: stitch E) compromise : agreement
13. ILLOGICAL: CONFUSION
E) fur:pelt 20. DELETERIOUS: HARM
A) profound: laughter
7. INDEFATIGABLE : B) revolting: sympathy A) menacing: tranquility
C) astounding: amazement B)voluntary: coercion
ENERGY C) suspicious: guilt
A) hopeful: success D) obscure : contrast
E) deliberate: vitality D) wearisome: fatigue
E) meritorious: wealth
 Himalaya's Functional English Page | 91
SET 5

JUDGE :
COURTHOUSE D) bland : zest A) corrosion: chemist
1 hospital E) classical harmony construction: builder
A)
physician : B)
B)clergymen : library C) sullenness: fighter
C)farmer: house 8. EVIL MALEFACTOR D) hesitation: liar
D) visitor: hotel A) selfishness : hermit E) pain: soldier
E) mathematician:computer B) talent: virtuoso
C) benevolence: miser 14. RIDDLED: HOILES
MUMBLE : INDISTINCT D) mischief: benefactor A) untangled: knots
relent : gentle E) friendliness thief B) wrinkled: materials
A)
B) stumble: graceful C) flawed: repairs
C) enunciate :clear 9. DIGRESS SPEECH D) pitted: indentations
D) define: difficult A) dissemble:truth E) sharpened: injuries
E) grunt:shrill B) meander travel
C) narrate: climax 15. MUSE: INSPIRATION
3. COLORS: SPECTRUM D) deter progress A) editor: personality
A) experiments: laboratory E) circumnavigate globe B) model: criticism
B) panes glass C) epic: superstition
C) guests party 10. PLAINTIVE: SORROWV D) plot: characterization

D) letters: alphabet A) systematic: brevity E) patron: support

E) leaves : tree B) elusive : eloquence
C) confident: defeat 16. VEHEMENT: ENERGY
4. TADPOLE:: FROG D) distasteful pessimism A) domineering: caution
A) stream : river E) contemptuous : disdain B) compassionate: sympathy
B) acorn : oak C) dauntless: fear
C) politician : diplomat 11. HEIGHT : MOUNTAIN D) ruthless: suspicion
D) negative : photograph A) depth:trench E) amiable: apathy
E) student graduate B) shade : tree
17. FLAGRANT: OBSERVOR
C) weight : age A) blaring: listener
5. ABODE: VAGRANT D) speed: highway B) monotonous: speaker
A) ship :pirate E) min al:mine mischievous: prankster
C)
B) fort :sentry
D) temporary: visitor
C)faith: prophet 12. CENSUS : POPULATION
E) aggressive: attacker
D) costume: eccentric A) election government
E)community : outcast B) criterion : judgment 18. ASTUTE: INSIGHT
C) inventory stock A) dutiful: efticieney
CREDITS MOVIE D) drought: thirst B) affable: friendliness
A) selections : album E) recipe :cake C) gullible: dependence
B) by- line newspaper D) zealous: nobility
C) reviews : journal 13. POET: WORDS E) proud: ambition
D) reruns
: television A) sculptor: stone
19. LABOR: RESPITE
E) cartoons government
B) painter : artistry A) opinion: descent
C) sailor: occan
7. AMORPHOUS: SHAP1 B) commitnent: betrayal
D) physician:care C)action: resentment
A) amorous : trust E) philosopher: book
B) lemporal patience D) error: ensure

C) enticing guile E) debate: lull

14.CONTEMPLATION : TIUUNKER