EXPERIMENT NO: 5

AIM: To determine the 'ABCD' parameters of the cascade connection of two-port network.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Power Supply, Bread Board, Resistances, Connecting

Leads,Multi-meter etc.

BRIEF THEORY:

Two networks are said to be connected in cascade if the output port of one is the input port of
the second as shown in Fig.

FIG. Two cascaded networks and their equivalent network

V1 = AV2 + B (-I2)

I1 = CV2 + D(-I2)

Combination of above two network, gives

where

So A =A1A2+ B1C2, B= A1B2 + B1D2, C =C1A2 + D1C2, D= C1B2 + D1D2

Thus the overall ABCD matrix for two cascaded networks is equal to the product of ABCD
matrices of the individual networks taken in order: The result may be extended to any number
of cascaded networks.

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in fig and switch 'ON' the experiment board.
2) Open the port 2 & excite port 1 with a known voltage source Vs so that V1= VS &I2 =
0.We determine to V2(V2b) ,V1(V1a),V1b(V2a), I1(I1a), & I2a(I1b) to obtain A, A1, A2,C C1 & C2
as shown in fig 4-a.
3) Port 1 is excited with the same voltage source Vs so that V1 = Vs & port 2 short circuited
& V2 = 0.We determine V1(V1a),V1b(V2a), I1(I1a), & I2a(I1b) & I2(I2b)to obtain B,B1 B2, D, D1
& D2 as shown in fig 4-b.
4) Switch OFF the supply after taking the readings.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Circuit for determining A & C

Circuit for determining B & D

 OBSERVATION TABLE:

S. When Port 2 is open circuit

NO.
V1 =V1a V2=V2b V1b=V2a I1= I2a=I1b A= A1= A2= C= C1= C2=
I1a V1/V2 V1a/V2a V1b/V2b I1/V2 I1a/V2a I1b/V2b
(V) (V) (V) \(mA)
(℧) (℧) (℧)
(mA)

1 10 1.42 2.85 5.71 1.42 7.0 3.5 2 4 2 1

2 15 2.14 4.28 8.57 2.14 7.0 3.5 2 4 2 1

3 20 2.85 5.71 11.42 2.85 7.0 3.5 2 4 2 1

4 25 3.57 7.14 14.28 3.57 7.0 3.5 2 4 2 1

5 30 4.28 8.57 17.14 4.28 7.0 3.5 2 4 2 1

S. When Port2 is short circuit

NO.
V1 =V1a V1b=V2 I1= I1a I2a=I1 I2=I2b B= B1= B2= D= D1= D2=
a b V1/I2 V1a/I2a V1b/I2b I1/I2 I1a/I2a I1b/I2b
(V) (mA) (mA) (Ω) (Ω) (Ω)
(V) (mA)

1 10 2.5 5.83 1.66 0.83 12 6 3 7 3.5 2

2 15 3.75 8.75 2.5 1.25 12 6 3 7 3.5 2

3 20 5 11.66 3.33 1.66 12 6 3 7 3.5 2

4 25 6.25 14.58 4.16 2.08 12 6 3 7 3.5 2

5 30 7.5 17.5 5 2.5 12 6 3 7 3.5 2

TABULATION:

(i)A (ii)B
A=7 A1A2+ B1C2 = 3.5*2+6 B = 12 Ω A1B2 + B1D2 = 3.5*3+6*2Ω.
=13 = 22.5Ω.

= [(7-12)/7] X 100% = [(12-22.5)/12] X 100%

= -71% = -87.5%

(iii) C (iv)D
C = 4℧ C1A2 + D1C2 =(2*2+3.5*1)℧ D=7 C1B2 + D1D2 = 2*3+3.5*2
= 7.5℧ =13

= [(4-7.5)/4] X 100% =[(7-13)/7] X 100%

= -87.5% = -85.7%

PRECAUTIONS:
a) Make the connections according to the circuit diagram. Power
supply should be
switched off.
b) Connections should be tight.
c) Note the readings carefully.

RESULT/CONCLUSION:
'ABCD' parameters of the cascade connection of two-port network
has been determined & corresponding errors are found.