• *English vocab*

SET No 01

Most important And a bit difficult one's

Made By : Muhammad Amir( University law college panjab university lahore)

Contact: 03246301130

Presented by : Scholars Law Academy .

1)Unravel (verb) ‫ سلجھانا‬،‫عقدہ حل کرنا‬

investigate and solve or explain (something complicated or puzzling).

Example: “they were attempting to unravel the cause of death”

Synonyms: solve, resolve, work out, clear up, puzzle out, find an answer to, get to the bottom of.

Antonyms: complicate

2)Erstwhile (adjective) ‫ سابقہ‬،‫ اس سے پہلے‬،‫پرانا‬

former.

Example: “the erstwhile president of the company”

Synonyms: former, old, past, one-time, sometime, as was, ex-, late, then, previous.

Antonyms: present, future

3)Pristine (adjective) ‫ پرانا‬،‫ اصلی‬،‫قدیم‬،

in its original condition; unspoilt.

Example: “pristine copies of an early magazine”

Synonyms: immaculate, in perfect condition, perfect, in mint condition, as new, unspoiled, spotless.

Antonyms: dirty, sullied

4)Insidious (adjective) ‫ دھوکہ دینے واال‬،‫ عیار‬،‫پرکشش لیکن نقصان دہ‬

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with very harmful effects.

Example: “sexual harassment is a serious and insidious problem”

Synonyms: stealthy, subtle, surreptitious, sneaking, cunning, crafty, Machiavellian, artful

Antonyms: straightforward

5)Brazen (adjective) ‫ بے حیا‬،‫ ڈھٹائی‬،‫ڈٹ کر سامنا کرنا‬

bold and without shame.

Example: “he went about his illegal business with a brazen assurance”

Synonyms: bold, shameless, as bold as brass, brazen-faced, forward, presumptuous, brash.

Antonyms: timid, shy

6)Contingent (adjective) ‫ جنگی دستہ‬،‫ عارضی‬،‫ٹکڑی‬

subject to chance.

Example: “the contingent nature of the job”

Synonyms: chance, accidental, fortuitous, possible, unforeseen, unforeseeable, unexpected

Antonyms: predictable

7)Equivocation (noun) ‫ گول مول بات کرنا‬،‫ٹال مٹول‬

the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication.

Example: “I say this without equivocation”

Synonyms: prevarication, vagueness, qualification, ambiguity, uncertainty, ambivalence, indecision

Antonyms: directness

8)Succumb (verb) ‫ مجبورا ہار تسلیم کرنا‬،‫ ہار ماننا‬، ‫شکار ہونا‬

fail to resist pressure, temptation, or some other negative force.

Example: “we cannot merely give up and succumb to despair”

Synonyms: yield, give in, give way, submit, surrender, capitulate, cave in, be overcome by

Antonyms: resist, conquer

9)Grim (adjective) ‫ ڈراﺅنا‬،‫ سنگین‬،‫ شدید‬،‫سخت‬

very serious or gloomy.

Example: “his grim expression”

Synonyms: stern, forbidding, uninviting, unapproachable, aloof, distant, formidable, strict, dour

Antonyms: amiable, pleasant

10)Ghastly (adjective) ‫ خوفناک‬،‫ وحشت ناک‬،‫بھیانک‬

causing great horror or fear.

Example: “one of the most ghastly crimes ever committed”

Synonyms: terrible, frightful, horrible, grim, awful, dire, frightening, terrifying, horrifying

Antonyms: pleasant, trivial, excusable

11)Enact (verb) ‫ قانون وضع کرنا‬،‫فرمان جاری کرنا‬

make (a bill or other proposal) law.

Example: “legislation was enacted to attract international companies”

Synonyms: make law, pass, approve, ratify, validate, sanction, authorize, accept

Antonyms: repeal
 •

12)Suppression (noun) ‫ دبا دینا‬،‫ پابندی‬،‫روک‬

the action of suppressing something such as an activity or publication.

Example: “the heavy-handed suppression of political dissent”

Synonyms: subduing, defeat, conquering, vanquishing, repression, crushing, quelling, quashing

Antonyms: incitement, encouragement, publication, disclosure

13)Mull (verb) ‫ تدبر کرنا‬،‫غور کرنا‬

think about (a fact, proposal, or request) deeply and at length.

Example: “she began to mull over the various possibilities”

Synonyms: ponder, consider, think over/about, reflect on, contemplate, deliberate, turn over in one’s
mind.

Antonyms: forget, ignore, neglect, advance

14)Repercussion (noun) ‫ واپس پلٹنا‬،‫ دھکیل‬،‫برگشت‬

an unintended consequence of an event or action, especially an unwelcome one.

Example: “the move would have grave repercussions for the entire region”

Synonyms: consequence, result, effect, outcome, by-product, reverberation, backlash

Antonyms: impact, stroke, shock, collision

15)Sheer (adjective) ‫ سراسر‬،‫بالکل‬

nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis).

Example: “she giggled with sheer delight”

Synonyms: utter, complete, absolute, total, pure, perfect, downright, out-and-out, thorough.
Antonyms: gradual

16)Yield (verb) ‫ فصل دینا‬،‫ پیداوار‬،‫منافع‬

produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product).

Example: `”the land yields grapes and tobacco”

Synonyms: surrender, capitulate, submit, relent, admit defeat, accept defeat, concede defeat.

Antonyms: resist, defy

17)Imperative (adjective) ‫ آمرانہ‬،‫ اشد ضروری‬،‫الزمی‬

of vital importance; crucial.

Example: “immediate action was imperative”

Synonyms: vitally important, of vital importance, all-important, vital, crucial, critical, essential, of the
essence.

Antonyms: unimportant, optional

18)Eschew (verb) ‫ ترک کرنا‬،‫باز رہنا‬

deliberately avoid using; abstain from.

Example: “he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence”

Synonyms: abstain from, refrain from, give up, forgo, forswear, shun, renounce, swear off.

Antonyms: indulge in

19)Partisan (noun) ‫ کٹر‬،‫ سخت گیر‬،‫طرفدار‬

a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.

Example: “partisans of the exiled Stuarts”

Synonyms: supporter, follower, adherent, devotee, champion, backer, upholder, promoter.

Antonyms: impartial, unbiased

20)Buoy (verb) ‫ تیرنا‬،‫ ہمت بڑھانا‬،‫ مدد کرنا‬،‫چھالنا‬

make (someone) cheerful and confident.

Example: “she was buoyed up by his praise”

Synonyms: cheer, cheer up, brighten up, ginger up, hearten, rally, animate, invigorate.

Antonyms: depress

21)Divisive (adjective) ‫ باعث تقسیم‬،‫اختالف رائے‬

tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people.

Example: “the highly divisive issue of abortion”

Synonyms: alienating, estranging, isolating, schismatic, discordant, disharmonious, inharmonious.

Antonyms: unifying

22)Scourge (noun) ‫ سزا دینا‬،‫کوڑے مارنا‬

Example: a whip used as an instrument of punishment

Synonyms: whip, horsewhip, lash, strap, birch, switch, flail, bullwhip, rawhide.

Antonyms: blessing, godsend

23)Acrimony (noun) ‫ تیزی‬،‫تیز مزاجی‬

bitterness or ill feeling.

Example: “the AGM dissolved into acrimony”

Synonyms: bitterness, rancour, resentment, ill feeling, ill will, bad blood, animosity, hostility.

Antonyms: goodwill

24)Abysmal (adjective) ‫ ناگوار‬،‫ بہت برا‬،‫ خراب‬،‫ انتہائی پست‬،‫گہرا‬

extremely bad; appalling.

Example: “the quality of her work is abysmal”

Synonyms: very bad, dreadful, awful, terrible, frightful, atrocious, disgraceful, deplorable.

Antonyms: superb

25)Stark (adjective) ‫ مضبوط‬،‫محض‬، ‫ سخت‬،‫ واضح‬،‫کھال‬

severe or bare in appearance or outline.

Example: “the ridge formed a stark silhouette against the sky”

Synonyms: sharply delineated, sharp, sharply defined, well focused, crisp, distinct, obvious, evident.

Antonyms: fuzzy, indistinct, pleasant, comfdefined

26)Scathing (adjective) ‫ نقصان دہ‬،‫سخت تنقید کا نشانہ بنانا‬

witheringly scornful; severely critical.

Example: “she launched a scathing attack on the Prime Minister”

Synonyms: devastating, withering, blistering, extremely critical, coruscating, searing, scorching.

Antonyms: mild, gentle, complimentary

27)Simultaneous (adjective) ‫ ایک ہی وقت میں‬،‫ ایک ساتھ‬،‫بیک وقت‬

occurring, operating, or done at the same time.

Example: “a simultaneous withdrawal of troops”

Synonyms: concurrent, happening at the same time, done at the same time, contemporaneous,
concomitant.

Antonyms: asynchronous

28)Peril (noun) ‫ ڈر‬،‫خطرہ‬

serious and immediate danger.

Example: “you could well place us both in peril”

Synonyms: danger, jeopardy, risk, riskiness, hazard, insecurity, uncertainty, menace.

Antonyms: safety, security

29)Dampen (verb) ‫ مبہم کرنا‬،‫ گیال کرنا‬، ‫قابو کرنا‬

make slightly wet.

Example: “the fine rain dampened her face”

Synonyms: moisten, damp, wet, dew, water, irrigate, humidify, bedew, sparge

Antonyms: dry, drench

30)Hidebound (adjective) ‫ چپٹی ہوئی کھال‬،‫ تنگ نظر‬،‫روایت پسند‬

unwilling or unable to change because of tradition or convention.

Example: “they are working to change hidebound corporate cultures”

Synonyms: conservative, reactionary, conventional, orthodox, fundamentalist, diehard, hard-line, dyed-

in-the-wool

Antonyms: liberal, broad-minded

31)Attainment (noun) ‫ ہنر‬،‫حصول‬

the action or fact of achieving a goal towards which one has worked.

Example: “the attainment of corporate aims”

Synonyms: achievement, accomplishment, realization, realizing, fulfilment, fulfilling, effecting.

Antonyms: naught. (also nought), nonfulfillment

32)Myriad (noun) ‫ بہت زیادہ جو گننا مشکل ہو‬،‫بے شمار‬

a countless or extremely great number of people or things.

Example: “myriads of insects danced around the light above my head”

Synonyms: multitude, a large/great number/quantity, a lot, scores, quantities, mass, crowd.

Antonyms: calculable. countless, infinite, innumerable

33)Enshrine (verb) ‫ احاطہ کرنا‬،‫متبرک سمجھ کر محفوظ کرنا‬

place (a revered or precious object) in an appropriate receptacle.

Example: “relics are enshrined under altars”

Synonyms: set down, set out, spell out, express, lay down, set in stone, embody, realize
Antonyms: expose, desecrate, forget

34)Obstacle (noun) ‫رکاوٹ‬

a thing that blocks one’s way or prevents or hinders progress.

Example: “the major obstacle to achieving that goal is money”

Synonyms: barrier, hurdle, stumbling block, bar, block, impediment, hindrance, snag.

Antonyms: advantage, asset, aid

35)Oppression (noun) ‫ ظلم و ستم‬،‫جبر‬

prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority.

Example: “a region shattered by oppression and killing”

Synonyms: persecution, abuse, maltreatment, ill treatment, tyranny, despotism, repression,

Antonyms: freedom, democracy

36)Resentment (noun) ‫ برا ماننا‬،‫ ناراضگی‬،‫ حسد‬،‫تعصب‬

bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.

Example: “his resentment at being demoted”

Synonyms: bitterness, indignation, irritation, pique, displeasure, dissatisfaction, disgruntlement

Antonyms: contentment, happiness

37)Resurrect (verb) ‫دوبارہ زندہ ہونا‬

restore (a dead person) to life.

Example: “he queried whether Jesus was indeed resurrected”

Synonyms: raise from the dead, restore to life, bring back to life, revive

Antonyms: extinguish, kill, quench, suppress

38)Disarray (noun) ‫برہنگی‬،‫ تذبذب‬،‫ذہنی الجھاﺅ‬

a state of disorganization or untidiness.

Example: “her grey hair was in disarray”

Synonyms: disorder, confusion, chaos, untidiness, dishevelment, mess, muddle, clutter, jumble

Antonyms: tidiness, orderliness

39)Hazardous (adjective) ‫ ڈر‬،‫ خطرناک‬،‫پر خطر‬

risky; dangerous.

Example: “we work in hazardous conditions”

Synonyms: dangerous, risky, unsafe, perilous, precarious, insecure, tricky, unpredictable, uncertain

Antonyms: safe, secure, certain

40)Persuade (verb) ‫ اکسانا‬،‫ راغب کرنا‬،‫قائل کرنا‬

induce (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument.

Example: “it wasn’t easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing”

Synonyms: prevail on, talk someone into, coax, convince, make, get, press someone into, induce

Antonyms: dissuade, discourage, deter

41)Diminish (verb) ‫ گھٹانا‬،‫کم کرنا‬

make or become less.

Example: “the new law is expected to diminish the government’s chances”

Synonyms: decrease, decline, reduce, lessen, shrink, contract, grow smaller, fall off, drop off

Antonyms: increase, flare up, get worse

42)Enthusiasm (noun) ‫ پرجوش‬،‫ گرم جوشی‬،‫ولولہ‬

intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.

Example: “her energy and enthusiasm for life”

Synonyms: eagerness, keenness, ardour, fervour, warmth, passion, zeal, zealousness

Antonyms: apathy

43)Sore (adjective) ‫ حساس‬،‫ زخم‬،‫درد‬

(of a part of one’s body) painful or aching.

Example: “she had a sore throat”

Synonyms: painful, in pain, hurting, hurt, aching, throbbing, smarting, stinging, burning

Antonyms: healthy

44)Proscription (noun) ‫ ممنوعہ‬،‫ حرام‬،‫ممنوع‬

the action of forbidding something; banning.

Example: “the proscription of the party after the 1715 Rebellion”

Synonyms: prohibition, prohibiting, forbidding, banning, ban, barring, bar, disallowing, ruling out

Antonyms: allowing
45)Violent (adjective) ‫ پرتشدد‬،‫شدید‬

using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.

Example: “a violent confrontation with riot police”

Synonyms: brutal, vicious, savage, harsh, rough, aggressive, bullying, threatening, terrorizing, fierce

Antonyms: gentle, weak

46)Disproportionate (adjective) ‫ بے اعتدال‬،‫ غیر متناسب‬،‫ناموافق‬

too large or too small in comparison with something else.

Example: “people on lower incomes spend a disproportionate amount of their income on fuel”

Synonyms: out of proportion to, not in proportion to, not appropriate to, not commensurate with,

Antonyms: proportional

47)Exacerbate (verb) ‫مرض میں شدت پیدا کرنا‬،‫ شدید تر کرنا‬،‫بگاڑنا‬

make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.

Example: “the exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem”

Synonyms: aggravate, make worse, worsen, inflame, compound, intensify, increase, heighten,

Antonyms: calm, reduce

48)Hazardous (adjective) ‫ خطرناک‬،‫پر خطر‬

risky; dangerous.

Example: “we work in hazardous conditions”

Synonyms: dangerous, risky, unsafe, perilous, precarious, insecure, tricky, unpredictable, uncertain,

Antonyms: safe, secure, certain

48)Ambiguous (adjective) ‫ ابہام‬،‫مشکوک‬

open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.

Example: “ambiguous phrases”

Synonyms: equivocal, ambivalent, open to debate, open to argument, arguable, debatable, Delphic

Antonyms: unambiguous, clear

49)Urgency (noun) ‫ الچاری‬،‫ فوری ضرورت‬،‫سخت اہمیت‬

importance requiring swift action.

Example: “the discovery of the ozone hole gave urgency to the issue of CFCs”
Synonyms: importance, top priority, imperativeness, weight, weightiness, gravity, necessity

Antonyms: unimportant, insignificant, trifling, trivial

Synonyms Only

50)Compendious ‫جامع‬ containing a lot in a small space/few words

51)Conciliatory ‫مفاہمانہ – صلح پسندانہ‬ bringing together; ending a dispute; soothing

52)Concord ‫ اتحاد – اتفاق راۓ‬agreement

53)Condone ‫در گزر کرنا‬ tolerate

54)Conflagration ‫آتش زدگی‬ great fire

55)Congenial ‫خوش گوار‬ friendly; sociable; suitable

56)Connoisseur ‫جاننے واال پرکھنے واال‬ expert with good taste/ judgement

57)Consecrate ‫وقف کرنا – مختص کرنا‬ dedicate; make holy

58)Consummate ‫مکمل کرنا‬ supremely good

59)Contagious ‫متعدی‬ passed on through touch; infectious

60)Convergence ‫اجماع‬ coming together

61)Convivial ‫یار انہ‬ sociable

62)Copious ‫کثیر‬ in large amount

63)Corollary ‫نتیجہ صریح‬

‫ٴ‬ consequence; inference
64)Corpulence ‫موٹا – بہت موٹا‬ very fat-ness

65)Corroborated ‫ثابت کرنا – توثیق کرنا‬ supported; given supporting evidence

66)Credulity ‫ہر بات پر یقین کرنے واال‬ belief on slight evidence

67)Cumulative ‫مسلسل بڑھنے والے‬building up

68)Cursory ‫ سرسری‬superficial

69)Curtail ‫پابندی لگانا‬ cut short

70)Dalliance ‫ ناز و نیاز‬non-serious involvement; toying or playing

71)Dearth ‫کمی‬ shortage; lacking

72)Debacle ‫شرمناک ناکامی‬ disaster

73)Debilitate ‫کمزور‬ weaken

74)Debunk ‫بے نقاب کرنا‬ throw out old indeas

75)Deferment ‫التوا – تاخیر‬ putting off

76)Deleterious ‫مضر – مہلک‬ harmful

77)Deliberation ‫غور و خوض‬ careful thought

78)Delineate ‫خاکہ بنانا – لکیر کھینچنا‬ outline

79)Demagogue ‫بازاری لیڈر‬ mob leader; agitator

80)Demonstrative ‫ مظاہرہ کرنے واال‬expressing emotions freely

81)Denuded ‫ِجسے ننگا یا عریاں کر دیا گیا ہو‬ stripped

82)Depreciatory ‫تحقیر آمیز‬ devaluing; criticizing

83)Derelict ‫ الوارث‬rundown; abandoned

84)Derided ‫تضیحک کرنا – مذاق اڑانا‬ mocked

85)Despoiled ‫مایوس‬ plunder; rob; deprive

86)Devious ‫پیچدار۔ پُرفریب۔‬ cunning

87)Didactic ‫معلمانہ – تعلیمی‬ intending to preach or teach; an act of teaching

88)Dilatory ‫ تاخیر کرنے واال‬، ‫ کاہِل‬، ‫سُست‬ slow; sluggish

89)Disarming ‫ خوش کن‬charming; unthreatening

90)Discernment ‫سمجھ بوجھ‬ judgment

91)Discrepancy ‫ اختالف‬inconsistency

92)Disillusioned ‫غلط فہمی سے آزادی‬ freed from wrong ideas

93)Disingenuous ‫ مکاری – چال بازی‬crafy; double dealing

94)Disparaging ‫نفی کرنا – کم قدری کرنا‬ critical

95)Distension ‫پھیالﺅ‬ swelling; distend; expand

96)Multifarious ‫انواع و اقسام کا‬ having many aspects

97)Naivete ‫ بھوال بھال‬innocence; lack of worldliness

98)Nefarious ‫ بدمعاش – بدکردار‬infamous; very wicked

99)Negate ‫انکار کرنا‬wipe out; nullify

100)Nemesis ‫زہر قاتل – روگ‬ fate; doom

101)Nihilism ‫منکر مذہب‬ belief in nothing; anarchy

Nondescript ‫مجہول ۔ غیر م‬