Song 2» “ ” ‘Angle probes have & perspex shoe, on which the erystal sts, that can be machined to any angle. The angle of the wedge determines the angle thatthe ultrasound stikes the interface (incident angle). This in tum, according to Snell's law, controls the angle that ‘the sound will propagate through the test material (refracted angle). Damping material ‘on the back of the crystal (also known as a backing slug) controls the length of the ultrasonic pulses by absorbing the sound energy, producing short sharp pulses, The Jength of the pulse is the main factor in determining the resolution of the equipment. ‘The most common damping/backing medium is Tungsten Araldite SHORT PULSE LENGTH/WIDTH/DURATION MEANS GOOD RESOLUTION. Soft nosed probe Electrical connection Damping Casing slug ‘Clamping’ Crystal sing, Covplant’ "Soft diaphragm ‘This has a soft diaphragm mounted on the front of the crystal, clamped in place by @ {Gyeaded ring, the space in between the diaphragm and the crystal being filled with ‘couplant to expel any air. The soft diaphragm follows the contour of the surface under test, making this probe ideal for rough or uneven surfaces, e.g. castings or rough ‘machined components Water gap or gap scanning probe Electrical water connection’ is Probe Column of ‘water acts as couplant Nozzle. ‘Test material v ‘Sound path This consists of a water jacket with a nozzle atthe end and a probe inside. Water is fed {nto the jacket and flows out through the nozzle, forming a column of water, to the test surface, through which the sound can travel. Because of the flexibility of the coupling ‘medium, (water) the probe can be used on rough or uneven surfaces. These probes are usually used in automated ultrasonic scanning systems and can be set up, using a {guide wheel to follow the contour of a component. They can also be used in arrays to sean a wider area. ure2