nin Dublin and edu ‘ames Augustine Aloysius shed ns verity tage; Dublin, His te Jesuit colleges before process definitely on the way down and the had had a variety of occuPa'lo™ nds meet. Joyce's penetrating intelligence Targe family had t strug "9 Tin seem a suffocating environment for his and eet roeh peeause of the dominance ofthe Cate Church an the setback ions i in the nationalist cause. te seas an conn bin Freer and pet th Soon after a vist to Part I led first in Trieste with Nora Barnacle (by rest of his life in Europe. Meier, although they were not married until 1931), whom he had a son and daughter, they were ot marie ‘ch, in 1915, and in Paris, al ; one aie ines by teaching, but it was a constant struggle against ‘wal wverty and illness. . Wis frst book of poems Chamber Music came out in 1907, and was fol- lowed by a collection of short stories Dubliners in 1914. In this work he attempted to show the moral paralysis of his native city, by means of what he called ‘a scrupulous meanness of style’. He wrote a play Exiles which was per- formed in Munich in 1918. His next important work was a short autobiographical novel called A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man detailing the religious and intellectual controversies of his life in Dublin; in this work Joyce assumed the mask of Stephen Dedalus, named after St Stephen, the first Christian martyr and Daedalus of Greek mythol- ogy, who was an artist, inventor and builder of the labyrinth (Daedalus’ son, Icarus, flew too near the sun with waxen wings and fell into the sea and drowned). Already in this work Joyce's stylistic virtuosity was evident: in the book we see the prose style developing along with Stephen, from what is actually baby-talk in the opening paragraph to the ‘lucid, supple periodic prose’ of the end of the book. His next novel Ulysses, which came out in 1922, the same year as Eliot's The Waste Land, was more brilliant but also deeply shocking with its explicit description of sex and other bodily functions and its profusion of different styles (at least one for each of the nineteen chapters), its incredibly complex formal structure (which critics might never have noticed had Joyce not made explicit seaseenents about it), and its deep humanity. Ulysses transforms ers masterpiece int i i ‘This work is remarkable forthe way in which Joyce uses the stream of con- sciousness technique to illuminate the characters of Stephen Dedalus, Leopold‘The Xxth Century Enatish which is barely recognisable as such, since every word is load with multi- ingual resonance and allusions. Joyce once said that he expected the serious reader to devote his whole to his works (a recommendation which many scholars have no doubt followed), and in Finnegans Wake there is certainly scope for a lifetime of exploration. However, Joyce's humanity and humour triumph everywhere in his fiction, and his constant combination of the vulgar and the refined, the sublime and the ridiculous, has made him perhaps the greatest novelist of the century. How do children who are badly mistreated by their parents react? Do they sometimes try to justify their parent’s behaviour? COME a isle eg atgion oe from Dubliners 1917) pes As with his other major prose works Joyce had difficulty in getting this collec- tion of short stories published. As usual, it was considered 100 explicit. No reader today would come to the same conclusion. In any case, Joyce did write with stark realism which tended to shun most sentimentality and tried to pre- sent Dublin and its people as faithfully as possible. Like his noel Ulysse Dubliners gives us a complete portrait of the city and its people, revealing io us both private and public lives. : : : Already in this aah, work we can see Joyce's fascination Ge pose iat duly respects the people being described: this meant that even Pt bneson nae: tive the flow of the prose and its very paras a Weta eee withthe person being described. Ths blending of sie rt oy fark ents Oe the rather elegant solution, which left quotes were indicated by a hyphen oa aes the page less cluttered, was continued in a e evening invade the avenue. Her head [7 crfonne: Reavy be i a the f iraperies and cur- Ste sea ee rane yet in her nostrils was the odour of ised for a ed was leaned against }2. to hunt... ekthorn -d. is a [sticks yr them and dusty cretonnel. She WAS a house passed on is way Hom ik les or hy ond Few people passed. : fi i king along the cot nt and she hear is fotstens eA ete new red Houses, Oe ime tee se 0 crunching on ing with other people's ‘used to play every evening with ol ema in en Bales bought the field and bait bows in children. Then a mam ses, but bright brick houses with sil Nas A like their litle brown ae io play together in that field aster. children of the avenue Mr ogh the cripple, she and her broren Often to ‘Waters, the Dunns, C an Emest, however, Nev’ out of the fi blackthor stick; but usually litle Ke gh i f the field with his blackth stick?; but usually little Keo, hunt them in out au e pavement and afterwards — | With his stick ae Took out (fr their 3. father). he saw her father coming. Stil they seemed used to keep nix? ant(4, Margaret Mary IAlacoque: a French nun Irough whose good grace [promises were cari In return for frequenting the een tp et oy 6. fellow: young man. 17, Miss Gavan: the owner lof the shop where Eveline 8 hod... on edge on her: hod Shope litle 70. the palpitations: regu: lar, ropid beating of the hear 11. gone for her: attacked her 12 Horry and Eres: her 15. weary: tre, fatigue. ad then; and besides, her as not so bad then; an : Her father vr ghe and her brothers and sisters Tong time ar yzie Dunn was dead, too, and the .zes. Now she was going to to have been rather happy then. ther was alive, That was @ were all grown up; her mother Was eee ie ‘Waters had gone back to England, Everything go away like the others, to leave her home Home! She looked round the room, reviewing a! is Ma al she had dusted once a week for so many Se milianebiee ‘he would never see again those i the dust came from. Perhaps sI eee aaal yer ring all those from which she had need ee ae eee whan yellowing photo. tthe s 4 res al on ea ee ele pi ofthe promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque’. He® had been a school friend of her father. Whenever he showed the photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word: — He is in Melbourne now. : : She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question, In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow®? Say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan? would be glad. She had always had an edge on her’, especially whenever there were people listening. — Miss Hill, don't you see these ladies are waiting? — Look lively®, Miss Hill, please. She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores. But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that. Then she would be married ~ she, Eveline. People would treat her with though she was over nneen, ke someting yl ees, Bren nom father’s violence. She knew it was tht that had given hee (on eet was that that had given her the palpitations!0, sing all its familiar objects which now she had nobody to protect her, Erm: church decorating business, was nearly ales oad a4 Harry, who was in the ae nearly always down somewhere in the country. Besides, the invariable squabble!: on Saturday night. id she any intention of ‘kly as she could and ‘nt to school regularly life — but now that shewas about to leave it she di . i oe eee, Srna ita wholly undesirable life. anly, opercheaned: Pte aber life with Frank, Frank vas very kin wife and to live with him in Buens Are. with him by the night-boat to be his How well she remembered isis Ayres, where he had a home waiting for hen house on the main road where she used to vg Tee Was lodging ina Pras‘ daivlng ois cain a to visit. It seemed a few weeks ago. He tumbled forward over a face of bronze. Then ty had coe ents hai He used to meet her outside the Stores evey eveline enlace beeen her to see The Bohemian Gil and she flr elit obs oxo oc sernorronoen cei Pee ce aan aaa i a of music and sang a litle, toe salt oi leaps llpdecearly Curnecl'ns ia elias Pose cod a in: Pit falc bad boon tl ccrncincn Yor es ae ie she had begun to like him. He had tales of distant a He ite deck boy at a pound a month ona ship ofthe All Line goin fa cad He tol her the names ofthe shis he had been on andthe names ofthe diferent services. He had sailed through the Straits of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians. He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres he said, and Tad come over to the old country just for a holiday. Of course, her father hed wut the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him. —I know these sailor chaps, he said, One day he had quarrelled2! with Frank, and after that she had to meet her lover secretly. ‘The evening deepened in the avenue. The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. One was to Harry; the other was to her father. Emest had been her favourite, but she liked Harry too. Her father was becoming old lately, she wooed; be would miss her, Sarcetimes he could be very nice. Not Ing before when she had been laid up? for a day, he hhad read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire. Another day, when their mother was alive, they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth. She remembered her father putting on her mother's bonnet”4 to make the children laugh. a Her time was running oot, bat sbe continued 10 by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the artour of dt ihe Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ payne ise air28, Strange that it should come that very night to rem as she could. She to her mother, her promise to keep the home together ™ yas again in the CIOS, remembered the last night of her ‘mother’s wee Sond a melancholy ai of dark room at the other side of the hall and outside is he endive Dene, She Italy, The organ-player had been ordered 10 £9 1" oom saying: ay ed ber father strutting back into He 2 we Damned Htalians! coming OVE" HT soaher's life id BS spel nt the Ae oh mused the pitiful vision Oe piace series eer very quick of her being? ~ her mother’s Voice SAYINE constantly crasiness, She trembled as se Be with foolish insistence seratt?™ ae a vaun Seraun rrr. ay rod pin 8 sue PT Mpertaps 10¥e> would save her. He that life of ¢0 + ghe must eseape! Frank too. But she wanted t0 ‘The Wxth Century 18. elated: extremel ea ramely ill, 2, al tito cing, lin Be bonnet: rom’ hal lenchanted, enthralled, cop- vated. \27. the quick of he 7. quick of her being he deepest ond Imos! vital port of her. 128. Derevaun Seraun!: |Gaalic expression which Imay mean, ‘The end of the song is crazinesssombre. [34. steaming: travelling (by Imeans ofa steam engine. 135. draw badks chonge her |mind and not ef |36. tumbled: fell |37. She set: she turned, xed 306 ‘ ines. Frank wi live. Why should she be unhappy? She - ee ould tk er nas, fl ber imhisams. He Would a a ‘She stood among the swaying crowd in 1 A Ml she knew that he was speaking to her, saying something about the her hand and she kn ‘gain, The station was full of soldiers with brown bag. Ce ante "Fie doors ofthe sheds she caught a glimpse of the black es ofthe boa, Ing in beside the quay wall, with illumined portholes™. She answered nothing, She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze°! of dis- tress%, she prayed to God to direct her, to show her what was her duty. The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. If she went, tomorrow she would be oon the sea with Frank, seaming towards Buenos Ayres. Their passage had been poked. Could she still draw back’S afterall he had done for her? Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she Kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer. ‘Abell clanged upon her heart She felt him seize her hand: —Come! {All te seas of the world tumbled? about her heart. He was drawing her into them: he would drown her. She gripped with both hands atthe iron railing. — Come! No! No! No! It was impossible. Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish. — Eveline! Ewvy! ‘He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to follow. He was shouted at to go on, but he still called to her. She set” her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition. wi ; _ MEANING 1, Where is Eveline at the beginning of the story? What is she doing there? 2. How did Eveline’s father get her and her brothers to come home in the evening? ‘3. What objects does Eveline notice in the room? ‘4. Where does Eveline work? How is she treated at work? 5. How is Eveline treated at home? ‘ 6. How does Eveline think she will b 7. What does Eveline’s father think 8. What does Eveline remember al 9. Where is Eveline going to go? 10. Does she go there in the end? Why or why nol? ¢ treated in the future and why? about her boyfriend? bout her mother?MEHION aa l. Retell the story in your own words, adding your own judgements on Eveline’s actions. 2. Joyce himself wrote that the stories in Dubliners were a ‘series of chapters in the moral history’ of Dublin. This, of course, implies, that through his art Joyce was trying to say something in general about Dublin and its people. What do you think this particular story implies? } Sandycove, near Dublin, } one of the settings of of view? Why — ;,/ovee’s works. Do you think this story is realistic from a psychological poi or why not? PRE-READING 1. What things do you remember about your early childhood? How people treated you? Certain nursery rhymes? Certain songs? Certain sensations? Other? $3 2. Pretend you are a novelist, and write a few paragraphs describing your- self when you were just a small child so os 1 give the reader a true pic- seams of wha ia were then fo beganccne HOE: a as a Young Man (1916) bis ike beroit i vy an entire city, Dublin, A Portrait i a ae a aces one individual, Stephen Dedalus, of the Artist as a Young Man concentra/t 0 on a fictional version of Joyce aenale Joyce P : helped to shape theo nb pis growth, and he presents striking pie- i “buted 10 his 8 f iting OF conse chook me ibuted 19 climate of the time, the influence & of the tures of his early schooling. the pol and, of course, some of the poll experiences ad, of COMES S00 Roman Catholic Church, his fe sed ih # Pm te his first attempls wry deep oye either embracing them With P ture, examines things del pe ature, fg tem with Jsdait- |, pepects closely wha is Seine described, dismissing state easel, : 6 The prose of these bow rn himself matures manure’ as Steph 3 iptonds to ature’ a3 SUN cy in geting published and the Prose ioe eoxed that this book me! ahould be 70 1s all the moments whichFortunately, the American poet Ezra Pound took it upon himself 10 promote Joyce, whom he considered to be the greatest writer of the day. Pound sent the manuscript to an English publisher who had it read by the writer Edward Garnet, When the publishers asked Joyce to alter his work, Ezra Pound com. mented that that would be the same thing as ‘fitting the Venus de Milo into q pisspot.’ Ezra Pound was to work on Joyce's behalf for the rest of his life. from the beginning of Chapter | 1. moocow: pee cow (cows go mooa0a)in Eee ao ‘ 3. tuckoo: ancther word for litle chidren \4. He: Stephen Dedalus. 5: ety grocer ‘6. lemon platt: a kind of cond 7-0" the green. botheth: imitates file ‘Stephen's pro- munciation, shoot « kind of woter- roof sheet used so thot the matress would not go wet 9. queer strange, Sizore. io. the: sal orgie 8 name of a song eye deliberately does nol sl the tle part from the rest of Ihe ext wih apostrophes land capital letters). 1. Dante: Stephen's aunt 12! press: doses }. Michael Davitt: (1846- 1906) Iss journalist who |fought with Parnell 14. Pomell: Charles Stewart Parell(1846- 1891), leader | rh a supporting Home Roly fis [downfall was coused by Ns Irelationship with @ married Swoman, Katherine i O'Shea - 15. cachou: o candy. 16. The Vances: another \family on Stephen's street. 17. apologize: say he is |sorry Uoyce does not say lwhat Stephen did wr haps, Stephen said that Fe wanted mer Elec = see tx! below) e. upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow! coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens? little boy named baby tuckoo}. His father told him that story: his father looked at him through a gla had a hairy face. He* was baby tuckoo. The moocow came down the road where Betty Byrne’ lived: she sold lemon platt®. he O, the wild rose blossoms On the little green place. He sang that song. That was his song. O, the green wothe botheth’, When you wet the bed first it is warm then it gets cold. His mother put on the oilsheet®. That had the queer? smell, His mother had a nicer smell tha Tralala lala, Tralala tralaladdy, Tralala lala, Tralala lala, Uncle Charles and Dante!! clapped. They were older than his father and ‘mother but uncle Charles was older than Dante. ees Dante had two brushes in her press!2, The brush with the maroon velvet back was for Michael Davitt!3 and the brush with the green velvet back was for a ere hm = casou' every tine le brought her a piece of tis- sue paper, uy br : When they were to marry Eileen, He hid under the table, — O, Stephen will apologize!?, Dante said: — O. if not, the eagles will come and pull out his eyes — h grown up he was going His mother said: Pull out his eyes,Apologize, Apologia Pull out his eyes, Apologize, Pull out his eyes, Pull out his ey Apologize. fay | MEANING | What is the story that Ste, Who is Betty Byrne? What is Stephen's song? What does Stephen notice about the bed when he urinates in it . What does Stephen notice about his mother? . What will happen to Stephen if he doesn’t apologize? 1, Does Stephen distinguish the story told by his father from reality? 2. What things does Stephen distinguish with his sense of: touch, smell and sight? 3. What songs does Stephen first appreciate? 4. What does Stephen notice about other people? 5. How old do you think Stephen is? Do you think little children really notice what Joyce believes they notice? phen’s father tells hime RE-READING dinner table? tical issues that are holly debated at your own Fi os eo Fo ee bout poles and religion Frequent ends heated arguments? rom Chapter I is now old zh Inthe next extract, Stephen is a bit older, maybe 8 or 9, and he is now old enough ir vi lults. In the few years that have past Ce ees a ceenea mace the Irish leader Charles since we first met Stephen i” raced because of his love affair with Katherine Stewart Pamelt has Pee within the English Liberal Party ad the oppaston Sry One ore olergy iself ted to his downfall in 1891; he died that ame Of the Irish Catholic Cite (great deal of passionate debate a over Id year. His downfall excite emt in honour of Parnell (later published as pa ee He nee "Room in Dubliners) which began. ‘Ivy Day in|}. plump: fa] [2. trussed and skewered: ied up and with skewer shore metal sick through |S. Mr Barrett: one of Stephen's teachers at Clongowes the college he eter 6. pondybat: sf kind of be for Biting the stents [os punishment. 7 banked high: pushed up al . pudding: traditional eit don 9. hally: evergreen plant used| os Chranos Soon 10. green flag: Irish flog 11. nursery: children’s 12, Boe oct nd of jacket worn by boys at Rese prvle chose 13. parlour: si 14 Simon: Stephen's he 15: Right os the mail: por ec 16. to make your hair curl: That you will really ike. 17. tender: (scid of meat) Jeasy to cut and cf ‘canon: Irish English, He is dead, Our Uncrowned King is dead, ' Erin, mourn with grief and woe For he lies dead whom the fell gang Of modern hypocrites laid low. Stephen's father and Mr Casey, a guest for Christmas dinner still honour Parnell’s memory, while Stephen's aunt, Mrs Dante Riordan, defends the actions of the Irish priests who attacked him. ‘Stephen stood up in his place to say the grace before meals: Bless us, O Lord, and these Thy gifts which through Thy bounty we are about to receive through Christ our Lord, Amen. All blessed themselves and Mr Dedalus with a sigh of pleasure lifted from the dish the heavy cover pearled around the edge with glistening drops. ‘Stephen looked at the plump! turkey which had lain, trussed and skewered, on the kitchen table. He knew that his father had paid a guinea for it in Dunn’s of D’Olier Street and that the man had prodded? it often at the breastbone to show how good it was: and he remembered the man's voice when he had said: ~ Take that one, sir. That's the real Ally Daly4. Why did Mr BarrettS in Clongowes call his pandybat6 a turkey? But Clongowes was far away: and the warm heavy smell of turkey and ham and cel- ery rose from the plates and dishes and the great fire was banked high” and red in the grate and the green ivy and red holly made you feel so happy and when din- ner was ended the big plum pudding® would be carried in, studded with peeled almonds and sprigs of holly®, with bluish fire running around it and a little green flag!® flying from the top. It was his first Christmas dinner and he thought of his Tittle brothers and sisters who were waiting in the nursery!!, as he had often waited, till the pudding came. The deep low collar and the Eton jacket!? made him feel queer and oldish: and that moming when his mother had brought him down to the parlour!3, dressed for mass, his father had cried. That was because he was think- ing of his own father. And uncle Charles had said so too. Mr Dedalus covered the dish and began to eat hungrily. Then he said: — Poor old Christy, he’s nearly lopsided now with roguery. = Simon!4, said Mrs Dedalus, you haven't given Mrs Riordan any sauce. Mr Dedalus seized the sauceboat. | — Haven't I? he cried. Mrs Riordan, pity the Poor blind. Dante covered her plate with her hands and said: — No, thanks. | Mr Dedalus turned to uncle Charles. = How are you off, sir? = Right as the mail!5, Simon. = You, John? —T'mall right. Go on yourself. — Mary? Here, Stephen, here’s something to make your hair curl!6, He poured sauce freely over Stephen's plate and set the boat again on the table. Then he asked uncle Charles was it tender!7, Uncle Charles could not speak because his mouth was ful; but he nodded that it was, ae — That was a good answer our friend made to the canon'8, What? said Dedalus.=I didn't think he had t . = I'll pay your dues20, oe him, said Mr Casey'9, a polling-booth2! * when you cease turing the house of God into - Anice answer, to his priest - sali eh uihemseives to blame, pool ad -y would confine their ~ Itis religion, Dante said. They are doin; ~ We go to the house of God, Mr Casey Maker and not to hear election addresses®2, = Itis religion, Dante said again. They are ri — And preach polities trom tear is ated Me Dads ~ Certainly, said Dante. It is a question of public morality. A priest would not be a priest if he did not tell his flock what is right and what is wrong. Mrs Dedalus laid down her knife and fork, saying: For pity sake?3 and for pity sake let us have no political discussion on this day of all days in the year. — Quite right, ma’am, said uncle Charles. Now, Simon, that’s quite enough now, Not another word now. = Yes, yes, said Mr Dedalus quickly. He uncovered the dish boldly and said: Now then, who's for more turkey? Nobody answered. Dante said: = Nice language for any catholic to use! ~ Mrs Riordan, I appeal to you", said Mrs Dedalus, to let the matter drop now. Dante turned on her and said: — And am [to sit here and listen to the pastors of my church being flouted?*? = Nobody is saying a word against them, said Mr Dedalus, so long as they don't meddle?® in politics. ~The bishops and priests of be obeyed. = Let them leave pol church alone. You hear? said Dante, tuning to Mrs Dedalus. = Mr Casey! Simon! said Mrs Dedalus, let it end now. ~ Too bad! Too bad! said uncle Charles. ~ What? cried Mr Dedalus. Were we to desert hi English people? 2 ~ He was no longer worthy to lead, sa — We are all sinners and black sinners, = Woe be to the man would be better for him were cast%0 into the depth: of these, my least little ones said id Dante, for any man calling himself a catholic to give said Mr Dedalus suavely. If they attention to religion. g their duty in warning the people. said, in all humility to pray to our Ireland have spoken, said Dante, and they must litics alone, said Mr Casey, or the people may leave their 1m?7 at the bidding of the d Dante. He was a public sinner™. id Mr Casey coldly. dal cometh!2? said Mrs Riordan. Tt re tied about his neck and that he of the sea rather than that he should scandalize one host. js the language of the Holy G 568 M ck me, said Mr Dedalus coolly — And very bad language ; = Ser alsa said uncle Ces ae te “Las thinking about the ~ Yes, yes, said Mr Dede oe Well ow, that's all right. Here, Stephen, railway porter bad language of the way now. Here. show me your plate, y old chap. Eat 2 19. Mr Covey a Fiend of IM Deco dcp Ire eth pater od lo fovent supporer 20" de me d dues; money paid to upper th chore 21 "poling-boot you vote (Reference is being made ote \Caole Chorchsimvohe- ent nih poli) 12a oddressec: speeches, sidered him a sinner Ibecause of his love affair with a married wernan. 29, Woe. comet ay wll suffer great 30. cast:rd. 35. the day... after al: the Iweather remained good in the end 36. strangers down: visi- tors from other places visit ing Dubl |37, spoiled: ruined, mode {unpleasont (because of Donte's words). 38. Bil. or the tub of [guts: hwo priests who were egos! Pomel 38. scorn: contomp!. 140. Tub of guts: container lof viscera, i.e., a worthless 141. grimace: ugly foce. 42. priest’ pas: people ‘monipulted bythe press ‘43. hounded... grave: lattacked him oe : 312 He heaped up the food on Stephen's plate and served oe and Mr Casey to large pieces of turkey and splashes of sauce. Mrs Dedalus was eating little and Dante sat with her hands in her lap*!, She was red in the face. Mr Dedalus rooted with the carvers®? at the end of the dish and said: ~ There's a tasty bit here we call the pope’s nose’. If any lady or gentleman, He held a piece of fowl up on the prong of the carving fork. Nobody spoke. He put it on his own plate, saying: : — Well, you can’t say but you were asked. I think I had better eat it myself because I'm not well in my health lately. He winked at Stephen and, replacing the dish-cover, began to eat again. There was a silence while he ate. Then he said: ~ Well now, the day kept up fine after all35, There were plenty of strangers down® too. Nobody spoke. He said again: =I think there were more strangers down than last Christmas. He looked round at the others whose faces were bent towards their plates and, receiving no reply, waited for a moment and said bitterly: ~ Well, my Christmas dinner has been spoiled*? anyhow. — There could be neither luck nor grace, Dante said, in a house where there is no respect for the pastors of the church. Mr Dedalus threw his knife and fork noisily on his plate. — Respect! he said. Is it for Billy with the lip or for the tub of guts® up in Armagh? Respect! = Princes of the church, said Mr Casey with slow scomn3?, —Lord Leitrim’s coachman, yes, said Mr Dedalus. ~ They are the Lord's anointed, Dante said. They are an honour to their country. ~ Tub of guts‘®, said Mr Dedalus coarsely. He has a handsome face, mind you, in repose. You should see that fellow lapping up his bacon and cabbage of a.cold winter's day. O Johnny! _ He twisted his features into a grimace*! of heavy bestiality and made a lap- ping noise with his lips. i ~ Really, Simon, you should not speak that way before Stephen. It's not right. ~ O, he'll remember all this when he grows up, said Dante hotly — the lan- guage he heard against God and religion and priests in his own home. = Let iis oe {00, cried Mr Casey to her from across the table, the lan- Raeie ie ae : # Priests and the priests’ pawns®? broke Pamell’s heart and Ce ae him remember that too when he grows up. s! ir Dedalus. When he was down they turned on him to betray him and rend him! like rats in a sowe s e look it! By Christ, they look it! a oes mone behaved iy, cried Dante. They obeyed theit bishops and theit = Well, it is perfectly dreadful to sa said Mrs Dedalus, can we be free from thes Uncle Charles raised his hands madly ed on oo ~ Come now, come now, come now! C; they are without this bad temper and this Mrs Dedalus spoke to Dante in a low that not even for one day in the year bad language? It is too bad surely. voice but Dante said loudly:= I will not say nothing. 1 w insulted and spit on by renegad Mr Casey pushed his plate his elbows before him, said in = Tell me, did I tell you 1 ~ You did not, Toh ee fen avery famous spit? - Why then, said Mr is ain long ago in the county Nee os ey ee He broke of ae Sit co aid with quiet indignation: catholic. I am a catholic as my father was and his father before him ona hig pola is father before him and his father before him again, when we gave up our lives rather than sell our faith. ~The more shame to you now, Dante said, to speak as you do. > ~ The story, John, said Mr Dedalus smiling. Let us have the story anyhow. ~ Catholic indeed! repeated Dante ironically. The blackest protestant in the land would not speak the language I have heard this evening. _ Mr Dedalus began to sway his head to and fro, crooning like a country singer. — [am no protestant, I tell you again, said Mr Casey, flushing, 7 Dedalus, still crooning and swaying his head, began to sing in a grunting nasal tone: O, come all you Roman catholics ‘That never went to mass. He took up his knife and fork again in good humour and set to eating, say- ing to Mr Casey: —Let us have the story, John. It will help us to digest. Stephen looked with affection at Mr Casey's face which stared across the table over his joined hands. He liked to sit near him at the fire, looking up at his dark fierce’? face. But his dark eyes were never fierce and his slow voice was 200d to listen to. But why was he then against the priests? Because Dante must be right then, But he had heard his father say that she was a spoiled nun and that she had come out of the convent in the Alleghanies*® when her brother had got the money from the savages® for the trinkets and the chainies®, Perhaps that made her severe against Pamell. And she did not like him*! to play with Eileen because Eileen was a protestant and when she*? was young she knew children that used to play with protestants and the protestants used to make fun of the litany of the Blessed Virgin. Tower of Ivory they used to say, House of Gold! How could a woman be a tower of ivory or a house of gold? Who was right then? And he remembered the evening in the infirmary® in Clongowes, te dark waters, the light at the pierhead and the moan of sorrow from the people when they had heard®. ; ve Eileen had long white hands. One evening when playing tig’ she had put her hands over his eyes: long and white and - ad _ aaa That was ivory: i "That was the meaning of Tower o| : ae ie and sweet, Mr Casey said. It was one day down in Arklow®®, er bitter day, not long before the chiefS7 died. May God have mre el ae eyes wearily and paused. Mr Dedalus took a bone from his ce : - aie plate and tore some meat from it with his teeth, saying: ill defend my church and ae my religion when it is The Xxth Century |45. re catholic [people who have rejected fs he Same flogheres mountin in oe 4s, ‘savages: American ‘50. chainies: chains (but it tyres with Alleghonies). |52. she: Dante. Tower of nory ond House of Gold lepithets for the Blessed. Virgin Mary fromthe IRoman Catholic Litany of our [53. infirmary: hospital area oka achoal or other insiive tion fin ‘on earlier section Stephen wast school, had to stay in the infirmary) |54. the dark waters... ecrds when fees ie ie infirmary, Stephen had |dreom! bout the dark waters crcund Holland - he had been reading © book about Holland - and that he. i i, but, in me dream hon the people er [Stephen's dead body th lall said, ‘Parnell! Fornell He i decd 35, i com [56. Arklowe: smallish fish- ing por 57. he chit: Parnell.2... | [58. Before... killed: Mr = Before he was killed’8, you mean. pean blames Farelts Mr Casey opened his eyes, sighed and went on: ered hin = It was down in Arklow one day. We were down there at a mecting and 59. We Mi Cosoy and his 9 after the meeting was over we had to make our way to the railway station nthe yes ac | through the crowd. Such booing and baaing®, man, you never heard. They dence. called us all the names in the world. Well there was one old lady, and a drunken feesee ed emp old harridan®" she was surely, that paid all her attention to me. She kept dane. |who wit lic ores har neeciin,, | ing along beside me in the mud bawling and screaming into my face: Priest. terrible sinner bccuse he| hunter! The Paris Funds! Mr Fox! Kitty O°Shea!®? hed on affair witha more —And what did you do, John? asked Mr Dedalus. aera — ~ Tlet her bawl® away, said Mr Casey. It was a cold day and to keep up my scolding old wom heart I had (saving your presence, ma'am) a quid of Tullamore in my mouth and. Sure I couldn't say a word in any case because my mouth was full of tobacco juice jagoinst Parnell. ~ Well, John? 63. bowl scream and ~ Well. I let her bawl away, to her heart's content, Kitty O'Shea and the rest 64. quid of Tlamore: | of it tll at last she called that lady a name that I won't sully this Christmmas fabececrering'sbee== | board®® nor your eas, malar, nor my ow lips by repeating, Lyour mouth ard chek He paused. Mr Dedalus, lifting his head from the bone, asked: 65 sul dry, espa —And what did you do, John’? lie ae sega ee ~ Do! said Mr Casey. She stuck her ugly old face up at me when she said it Reich or some ober similor] and I had my mouth full of tobacco juice. I bent down to her and Phth! says Ito Sees aa her like that. [67 in prison: jied fr his He tured aside and made the act of spitting pica oc ~ Pht! says Ito her like that, right into her eye : lhe Britsh noioned cote, He clapped his hand to his eye and gave a hoarse scream of pain, 6? resident ~ O Jesus, Mary and Joseph! says she. I'm blinded! I'm blinded and 170. chapter: here, time. @rownded! He stopped in a fit of coughing and laughter, ~I'm blinded entirely. Mr Dedalus laughed loudl swayed his head to and fro. Dante looked terribly angry = Very nice! Ha! Very nice! {t-was not nice about the spit in the woman's eye, But what was the name the woman had called Kitty O'Shea that Mr Casey Mr Casey walking through the crowds of people repeating: ly and lay back in his chair while uncle Charles and repeated while they laughed:Uncle Charles shook his head, s le |, saying: —Abad business! A bad business) Mr Dedalus repeated: ~ A priest-ridden Godforsaken’! race! A Pointed to the portrait of his grandfather on the wall to his right. Do you see that old chap up there, John? he said, He was a good Ii ht when there was no money in the job, He was condemned to death as 4 white, boy”, But he had a saying about our cletical f ents d lerical friends, that he would never let one of them put his two feet under his mahogany? Dante broke in angrily: ~ If we are a priest-ridden race we ought to be proud of it! ‘They are the appl of God's eye”4. Touch them not, says Christ, for ay are the apple of My eye 7 And can we not love our country then? asked Mr Casey. Are we not to fol- low the man that was born to lead us? ~ A traitor to his country! replied Dante. A traitor, an adulterer! The priests were right to abandon him. The priests were always the true friends of Ireland. ~ Were they, faith? said Mr Casey, He threw his fist on the table and, frowning angrily, protruded one finger after another. — Didn't the bishops of Ireland betray us in the time of the union when Bishop Lanigan presented an address of loyalty to the Marquess Cornwallis? Didn't the bishops and priests sell the aspirations of their country in 1829 in return for catholic emancipation? Didn’t they denounce the fenian’S movement from the pulpit and in the confession box? And didn't they dishonour the ashes of Terence Bellew MacManus? His face was glowing with anger and Stephen felt the glow rise to his own cheek as the spoken words thrilled him. Mr Dedalus uttered a guffaw of coarse scom. ~0, by God, he cried, I forgot litle old Paul Cullen! Another apple of God's eye! Dante bent across the table and cried to Mr Casey: ; ; = Right! Right! They were always right! God and morality and religion come first. : Mrs Dedalus, seeing her excitement, said to her: ~Mrs Riordan, don’t excite yourself answering them. a ~ God and religion before everything! Dante cried. God and religion before the world. ‘Mr Casey raised his clenched fist and brought = Very well then, he shouted hoarsely, Ireland! . i i sst by the coat sleeve. ~ John! John! cried Mr Dedalus, seizing his guest eaves Dane eral goross the table, her cheeks shaking Mr Casey suse up a rds her, scraping the air from from his chair and bent across the table towar raping i .d as though he were tearing aside a c: . before his eyes wi on ed. We have had too much Godin eld. Avy with God! — Blasphemet ting in his face. Uncle Charles and Mr Dedalus pulled Mr C tit down on the table with a crash. if it comes to that, no God for + Devil! sereamed Dante, starting to her feet and almost spit- | ‘asey back into his chair again, “The xoxth Century [71. Godforsaken: aban \doned (forsaken) by God, 72. whitoboy: menbor of orev, working for lend sometimes usingtalking to him from both sides reasonably. He stared before him out of his dark flaming eyes, repeating: - Tsay Dae en - chair violently aside and left the table, upsetting her nap. kin-ting which rolled slowly along the carpet and came to rest against the foot of an easy-chair. Mrs Dedalus rose quickly and followed her towards the door, At the door Dante turned round violently and shouted down the room, her cheeks flushed and quivering with rage: ; — Devil out of hell! We won! We crushed him to death! Fiend! The door slammed behind her. Mr Casey, freeing his arms from his holders, suddenly bowed his head on his hands with a sob of pain. — Poor Parnell! he cried loudly. My dead king! He sobbed’S loudly and bitterly. Stephen, raising his terror-stricken face, saw that his father’s eyes were full of tears. 1. What does Stephen know about the purchase of the turkey and why? 2. Why does Stephen think about the pandybat? Why does he stop think- ing about it? 3. How does Stephen feel now that he is allowed to eat with the adults? 4. What do Mr Casey and Mr Dedalus think about the priests’ political activities? What does Dante think? 5. How does Dante justify the priests’ political activity? 6. How does Mrs Dedalus feel about the political discussion? 7. What does Dante think about Parnell and his affair with Kitty O’Shea? 8. What does Mr Dedalus call the tail of the turkey? 9. How do the adults react to Stephen’s presence during their argument? 10. Do Mr Dedalus and Mr Casey consider themselves Catholics? Does Dante consider them Catholics? 11. Why does Stephen think that Dante doesn’t want him to play with Eileen? 12. How does Stephen interpret the phrase ‘Tower of Wory’? 13. What happened to Mr Casey in the town of Arklow? 14, What does Stephen think about Mr Casey's story? 15. How does Stephen know that Dante is for Ireland? 16. How did Mr Dedalus’ grandfather feel about priests and Ireland? 17. What does Dante say is the importance of God and religion? 18. What does Mr Casey say about the role of God in Ireland? 1. Most of this passage is told by a third-person narrator who records faith- fully the dialogue and actions at the table as an adult would record them. How does Joyce let us know that this adult conversation with adult mean~ ings is being listened to and interpreted by a little boy? 2. Again, since everything in this passage, and book for that matter,‘The 1th Century j ; Joyce decided ase Protestants’ — two words ane ink 20768 decided to write Catholic” ond lower case letters? ST Generally capitalised in English — with 1. A little further on in the book, Stephen is thinking again about Eileen: Eileen had long thin cool white hands too because she was a girl. They were like ivory; only soft. That was the meaning of Tower of Wwory but protestants could not understand it and made fun of it. One day he had stood beside her looking into the hotel grounds. A waiter was running up a trail of bunting on the flagstaff and a fox terrier was scampering to and fro on the sunny lawn. She (Eileen) had ‘put her hand into his pocket where his hand was and he had felt how cool and thin and soft her hand was. She had said that pockets were funny things to have: and then all of a sudden she had broken away and had run laughing down the sloping curve of the path. Her fair hair had streamed out behind her like gold in the sun. Tower of Ivory. House of Gold. By thinking of things you could understand them. a. What is the ‘real’ reason why the Protestants made fun of the phrases “Tower of Ivory’ and ‘House of Gold’? Why does Stephen think they made fun of them? How does Stephen interpret them? How does Stephen arrive at his interpretation? : Do you think Dante or a priest would interpret them in the same way? What, in your view, would they think of Stephen's interpretation? 2. How does Stephen decide who is right in the story that Mr Casey tells jtting in the lady's face? i ae eng esken Jame oc o il boy cane isk Parnell in the same way his father did, and not as Dante did? ; Which of Stephen's interpretations of the world seem to be those of an artist? honoured the memory of his ‘allen king’ Parnell As fervently ; i: i: ae ee he present the then current political debate from a parti ee a! can ito wow ihe to soecnd exprc oti hi see eoor +