8

8
8
NOT

Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 5
RELATION AND FUNCTION

Government Property

NOT FOR SALE

 8 8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 5
RELATION AND FUNCTION
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 5 Relation and Function
First Edition

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, Ph.D., CESO VI

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Reviewer: Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, Angelita D. Putol

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 This page is intentionally blank
Table of Contents

What This Module is About.........................................................................................i

What I Need to Know..................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module...................................................................................i
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................ii
What I Know ..............................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Relation and
Function………….......................................................................................................1
What’s In……………................................................ …………….……1
Activity 1: Objects Position …………………………………….1
What I Need to Know…………………………………………………….2
What’s New………….........................................……………………….2
Activity 2: Classify Me ………………………………………….2
Activity 3: Me and You…………………………………………..3
What Is It…………………………………………………………………..5
What’s New………………………………………………………………..7
What’s More……………………………………………………………….10
Activity 4: Show Me…………………………………….……….10
What I Have Learned……………………………………………………..11
Activity 5: Identify Me …..………………….……………………11
Generalization…………………………………………………….11
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………..13

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………….14
Assessment: (Post- Test)…………………………………………………………………15
References…………………………………………………………………………………18
Key Answer………………………………………………………………………………..19
What This Module is About

This module focuses about relation and function. The word relation is usually
associated with family or marriage. It could also mean an association between two
parties such as a brother and a sister, a teacher and his/her students, or a parent
and his/her children.
In Mathematics, the relationship between two parties can be illustrated using
function and relation. This module will enable you to grasp or to understand the
difference between a relation and a function.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Define and illustrate a relation and a function (M8AL-IIc-1)
2. Verify if a given relation is a function (M8AL-IIc-2)
3. Define domain and range
4. Identify real life relationship that are examples of function and of relation

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going through each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly. The purpose of the pretest is for you to
determine your prior knowledge before going through the lessons and
activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do
take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you
some space where you can absorb the lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.

i
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that

of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

ii
 What I Know

I. Pre Assessment

Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following is an ordered pair?

a. 2 and 1
b. 2 or 5
c. (-1, -8)
d. {2,-3}
2. Relation and functions can be represented by the following EXCEPT.
a. Mapping diagram
b. Table
c. Graph
d. Flow Chart
3. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs define a function?
a. {(3,2),(-3,6),(3,-2),(-3,-6)}
b. {(1,2),(2,6),(3,-2),(4,-6)}
c. {(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,-9)}
d. {(4,4),(-3,4),(4,-4),(-3,-4)
4. Identify the domain of this relation. {(8,10),(5,7),(9,-11),(6,-8)}
a. {5,6,9,10}
b. {5,6,8,9}
c. {-11,-8,7,10}
d. {-8,7,910}
5. Which of these tables represent a function?

a. X
b. Z
c. Y
d. W

6. Which of these mapping diagrams is a function?

a. W b. Z c. X d. Y

iii
7. Identify the range of this relation.
a. {-6,0,7,9}
b. {7,10,12}
c. {5,7,10,12,13}
d. {-6,7,9}

8. It is a test used to determine if the graph of a relation is a function.

a. Horizontal line test
b. Post line test
c. Vertical line test
d. Hove line test

9. Which graph represents a function?

a. X b. W c. Y d. Z
10. Which of the following graphs is not a function?

a. Y b. W c. Z d. X

iv
 Lesson
Lesso
n

1 Function and Relation

What’s In

Activity 1: OBJECTS’ POSITION

Description: This activity will enable you to remember how to plot points in a
Cartesian coordinate plane and to give the coordinates of the point.
Directions: Describe the location of each point below by completing the following
table. One example is done for you.

Object Coordinates Quadrant/Axis

Example: ball (4,2) First
1. Spoon
2. Television set
3. Laptop
4. Bag
5. Pillow
6. Camera
7. Table

1
QUESTIONS:
1. How do you locate the objects in the Cartesian plane?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Have you had an experience where a rectangular coordinate system is
applied? If yes, cite it.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. How can the Rectangular Coordinate System be used in real life?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What I Need to Know

Have you ever asked yourself how the steepness of a mountain affects the
speed of a mountaineer? How family’s power consumption affects the amount of the
electric bill? How is dog’s weight affected by its food consumption? How is the
revenue of the company related to the number of items produced and sold? How is
the grade of a student affected by the number of hours spent in studying?
A lot of questions may arise as you go along but in due course, you will focus
on the question: “How can the value of a quantity given the rate of change be
predicted?”. This module will help develop your skills and comprehension in
analyzing how things are related with each other.

What’s New

Activity 2: Classify Me

Description: This activity will enable you to write ordered pairs. Out of this activity,
you can describe the relation of an object to its common name.
Directions: Group the following objects in such a way that they have common
properties /characteristics.

Fork liquid eraser Grater

Pencil Knife iPod
Laptop ball pen Pot
digital camera Tablet cellphone
Spoon Notebook Paper

2
 Kitchen Utensils School Supplies Gadgets

Form some ordered pairs using the format:

(Object, Common Name)

a. Column 1:____________________________________________
b. Column 2:____________________________________________
c. Column 3:____________________________________________

QUESTIONS:
1. How many objects can be found in each column?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. How did you classify the objects?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Based on the ordered pair you have formulated, is there a repetition of
the first element? What about the second element?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Activity # 3: Me and You

SITUATION: Suppose that your father is an engineer of a private company. He

earns Php 100 per hour and he works 7 days in a week.

Description: Given a diagram and table, you will be able to learn how to make a set
of ordered pairs.

Direction: Describe the different ways in representing a relation, and then write the
set of ordered pairs formed below. Solve the income of your father.

3
Fill in the blank with your answer.

A.

Number of
hours 2 4 5 7 9 11 12
worked/day

Income 200

B.
Number of Income
hours (y)
(x)

2 200

4 ?

5 ?

7 ?

9 ?

11 ?

12 ?

C.

D. (2,___),(4,___),(5,___),(7,___),(9,___),(11,___), (12,___)

4
QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the different ways you represented a relation.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. How do you find the elements of the second set?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. How did you make a set of ordered pair?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. Based on your answer, is the income related to the number of work
hours? Why?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

What Is It

Function and Relation

What is Relation?

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x is the input and y is the
output value. The domain is all possible input values of a relation, and the range is
all possible output values of a relation.
Relation can be represented in many ways, including as ordered pairs,
in a table, as a graph, and a mapping diagram.

A. Ordered Pair
Example 1

The given relation represents the number of boxes of candy sold and the
money earned.
{(1, 4), (2, 8), (3, 12), (4, 16)}
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4} Range: {4, 8, 12, 16}

5
 Example 2
Relation: Input (X) = the age of the boys
Output (Y) = height in inches

{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}

(Using the ordered pairs given at Example # 2, here are some ways on how
function and relations being represented)

B. Table D. Mapping diagram

X Y Age Height

7 41
41
8 45 7
45
9 49 8
49
10 52 9
52
10 53 10 53
11 55 11 55
12
12 59 59

C. Graph.

The domain and range of the relation

Domain: {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} Range {38, 42, 46, 49, 50, 52, 56}

6
  A relation is allowed to have the object x in the first set to be related to more
than one object in the second set. So a relation may not be represented by a function
machine, because, given the object x to the input of the machine, the machine
couldn't spit out a unique output object that is paired to x.

What’s New

What is a Function?

Some relationships make sense and others don’t. Function is a

relationship that makes sense. A function is a relation that for each input (all
possible values of x), there is only one output (all possible values of y).
Function can be represented in many ways, including as ordered
pairs, in a table, as a graph, and a mapping diagram.

RELATION

Function

Note: “All functions are relation, but not all relations are function”.

Recognizing Function

You already know that in identifying relation as a function, the input

must be paired exactly to one element of the output. Suppose that you think of X as a
person and Y as a place. Just as a person cannot be in more than one place at a
time, an x-value in a function cannot correspond to more than one y-value.

7
Example 1

The given relation represents the amount of gas in gallons and the distance travelled
in miles from the amount of gas.

A. Table
Gas (gal) Distance (mi)

10 150

16 240

17 240

20 300

B. Graph

C. Mapping diagram

Domain: {10, 16, 17, 20}

The domain represents: the different amount of gas
Range: {150, 240, 300}
The range represents: the distance travelled

For an input of 10 gallons of gas, there is an output of 150 miles.

For an input of 16 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles.
For an input of 17 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles.
For an input of 20 gallons of gas, there is an output of 300 miles.

This relation is a function, because each domain is paired with exactly one
range value.

8
Example 2

The table represents a sample of ages of people and their shoe size.

Domain: {11, 12, 13, 15, 16} ages Age (x) Shoe Size (y)
Range: {7, 8, 10, 10.5, 11} shoe sizes
11 7
This relation is not a function, because 12 8
age 13 10
15 corresponds to two different shoe 15 10
sizes,
15 10.5
10 and 10.5.
16 11

Example 3:

{ (1,2), (5,2),(5,4),(7,6),(11,6),(11,8)}

The relation is not a function. The domain value

5 is paired with both 2 and 4. The domain value
11 is paired with both 6 and 8.

Vertical Line Test

A test, called the vertical line test, can be used to determine if a relation is a
function. The vertical line test states that a relation is a function if a vertical line does
not pass through more than one point on the graph of the relation.

a. Draw vertical lines though the graph.

b. Does any vertical line touch more than one point? NO
c. Since a vertical line does not pass through more than one point, the graph
passes the vertical line test, So the relation is a FUNCTION

9
 a. Draw a vertical line through the graph.
b. Does any vertical line touch more than one point? YES
c. Since a vertical line does pass through more than one point, the graph fails
the vertical line test. So, the relation is NOT FUNCTION.

What’s More

Activity 4 Show Me
Directions: Answer the following activity.

Express each relation as a table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.

1. The relation represents the number of cracker boxes sold and the money
earned.

{(1,5),(2,10),(3,15),(4,20),(5,25)}

a. Table

b. Graph

c. Mapping Diagram

10
State the domain and range of the function.

2. 3. 4.

Domain: Domain: Domain:

Range: Range: Range:

What I Have Learned

Activity # 5

A. State the domain and range of each relation and explain if it’s a function or
not.

1. The relation represents the age of each

student and the number of pets the
student has.

2. The relation represents the number of hours a person is able to rent a

canoe and the cost of renting the canoe (small boat) for that number of
hours.

11
Use the vertical line test to determine if each relation is a function.

3. 7.

4. 8.

5. 9.

12
 6. 10.

B. Generalization

What would be true about a relation that is not a function?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What I Can do

Objective: To apply the learning to real-life situations, you will be given a practical
task which will demonstrate your understanding.
Direction: You make an informative leaflet providing the information about your
actual consumption of electricity in a year. You may differentiate your
electricity consumption every month. Represent the relation using the
four methods on how function and relation being represented. Your
points will be determined using the following rubrics.

13
 Exemplary Satisfactory Developing Beginning
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
The leaflet All required All but 1 or 2 of Several
Required includes all elements are the required required
required included on elements are elements were
Elements elements as the leaflet. not included on missing.
well as the leaflet
additional
information.
Graphics - All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics do
Relevance / related to the related to the relate to the not relate to the
Color topic and make topic. All topic. One or topic or several
it easier to borrowed two borrowed borrowed
understand. graphics have graphics were graphics were
All borrowed a source not cited. not cited.
graphics have citation.
a source
citation.
The leaflet is The leaflet is The leaflet is The leaflet is
Attractiveness/ exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
Formatting design, layout
terms of though it may poorly
design, layout, and neatness. be a bit messy. designed. It is
and neatness. not attractive
a. The leaflets must represent the information using:
1. Table
Required 2. Ordered Pair
Elements 3. Mapping Diagram
4. Graphing
b. The presence of additional informative information is there.

Summary

This lesson was about relation and function. The lesson provided you
opportunities to analyse the difference between relation and a function. You are able
to learn how relations are being represented like the mapping diagram, ordered pairs,
graph and table. You also learned how to use the vertical line test in determining
whether the graph of the relation is a function. Your understanding of this lesson and
other previously learned mathematical concepts and principles will facilitate your
learning of the next lesson about Linear Function.

14
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

I. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A relation is a set of inputs and outputs that are related in some way.
b. In a relation, each input has exactly one output.
c. All relations are function.
d. All of these are true statements.
2. Which of the following ordered pairs represents a function?
a. {(-2, 2), (- 3, 2), (-5, 2), (-2, -2)}
b. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
c. {(-3, 0), (-3,1), (-3, 2), (-3, 3)}
d. {(1, 5),( 2, 6), (2, 7), (1, 6)}

3. Which table of values represents a function?

a. X -1 -1 -1 -1
Y 1 2 3 4

b.
X 1 2 3 4
Y 2 4 6 8

c.
X 1 1 1 1
Y 5 6 7 8

d.
X 1 2 1 2
Y -1 -2 1 2

4. Which of the following graphs DOES NOT represent a function?

a. b. c. d.

15
5. Which of these relations is a function?
a. {(-1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 3), (1, 4)} c.

b. d.
X 1 2 3 4
Y 11 13 15 17 A X
B Y
C Z

6. A relation is shown. Consider the input 7. What output is it related to?

a. 140 Input Output

b. 7
3 27
c. 197
5 83
d. 7 is not an input in this relation
7 140
9 197
11 254

7. Consider the relation represented by mapping diagram. Represent the

relation as set of ordered pairs.
a. {(7, House P),(8,House Q),(5,House R),(9,House S)}
b. {(House P,7),(House Q,8),(House R, 5),(House S,9)}
c. {(House P,5),(House Q,7),(House R,8),(House s, 9)}
d. {(5, House P),(7, House Q),(8, House R),(9,House S)}

8. Which of the following represents a function?

16
 a. Y b. X c. Z d. W

9. This set of ordered pairs shows the years of some Winter Olympics and the
host city in each year. Represent the relation as a table.
{(1988, Calgary),(1992, Albertville),(1994, Lillehammer),(1998, Nagano),
(2002, Salt Lake City),(2006, Turin),( 2010, Vancouver)}

a. c.

b. d.

10. This table shows the cost, P Php, of the number of tickets sold, n. Identify the
range.

a. {1,2,3,4,5,…}
b. {9,50,19.00,28.50,38.00,47.50,…}
c. {1,2,3,4,5,9.50,19.00, 28.50,38.00,47.50}
d. {1,9.50,2,19.00,3,28.50,4,38.00,5,47.50,…}

17
Reference

Link:

https://www.dublin.k12.ca.us/cms/lib/CA01001424/Centricity/Domain/172/Function
%20worksheet.pdf
https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/identifying-functions.php
lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/4767
lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/17916
https://mathinsight.org/definition/relation
https://us.sofatutor.com/mathematics/algebra-1/functions-and-relations
purplemath.com/modules/fcns.htm
study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-relation-function.html
quizlet.com/32579349/relation-and-function-test-flash-cards/
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=functions-and-relations
http://lzinnick.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/4/2/13428779/2012_-_m10c_rf_test.pdf

18
 Key to Answers

I. Pre Assesment

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. C

II. Post-Assessment

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. B

19
 Lesson
Lesso

1
n
Function and Relation

What’s In

Activity 1: OBJECTS’ POSITION

Description: This activity will enable you to remember how to plot points in a
Cartesian coordinate plane and to give the coordinates of the point.
Directions: Describe the location of each point below by completing the following
table.
An example is done for you.
Object Coordinates Quadrant/Axis
Example: ball (4,2) First
8. Spoon (6,-5) Fourth
9. Television set (-5,6) Second
10. Laptop (2,-4) Fourth
11. Bag (-4, -3) Third
12. Pillow (1,5) First
13. Camera (0,0) X –axis and y-axis
14. Table (-2,2) Second

QUESTIONS:

20
 1. How do you locate the objects in the Cartesian plane?
Using coordinates
2. Have you had an experience where a rectangular coordinate system is
applied? If yes, cite it.

Students answer may varies

3. How can the Rectangular Coordinate System be used in real life?

Students answer may varies

Activity 2: Classify

Description: This activity will enable you to write ordered pairs. Out of this activity,
describe the relation of an object to its common name.

Directions: Group the following objects in such a way that they have common
properties / characteristics.

fork liquid eraser grater

pencil knife iPod
laptop ball pen pot
digital camera tablet cellphone
spoon notebook paper

Kitchen Utensils School Supplies Gadgets

fork notebook laptop
ladle liquid eraser digital camera
pot paper tablet
grater ball pen iPod
knife pencil cellphone

Form ordered pairs using the format:

(Object, Common Name)

a. Column 1: (fork, kitchen utensil), (ladle, kitchen utensil), (pot,

kitchen utensil), (grater, kitchen utensil), and (knife, kitchen utensil)

21
 b. Column 2: (notebook, school supply), (liquid eraser, school
supply), (paper, school supply), (ballpen, school supply), and
(pencil, school supply)

c. Column 3: (iPod, gadget), (cellphone, gadget), (laptop, gadget),

(tablet, gadget), and (digital camera, gadget

QUESTIONS:
1. How many objects can be found in each column?

5 objects

2. How did you classify the objects?

According to each uses

3. Based on the ordered pair you have formulated, is there a repetition of

the first element? What about the second element?

No, Yes

Activity # 3: HOW THINGS ARE RELATED

SITUATION: Suppose that your father is an engineer of a private company. He

earns Php 100 per hour and he works 7 days in a week.

Description: Given a diagram and table, you will be able to learn how to make a set
of ordered pairs.

Direction: Describe the different ways in representing a relation. Then, write the
set of ordered pairs formed below. Solve the income of your father.
Fill in the blank with your answer.

A. Table

Number of
hours 2 4 5 7 9 11 12
worked/day

Income 200 400 500 700 900 1100 1200

B. Mapping diagram

22
 Number of
hours Income

2 200
4 400
5 500
7 700
9 900
11 1100
12 1200

C. Graph

D. Ordered Pairs

(2,200), (4,400), (5,500), (7,700),(9,900), (11,1100), (12,1200)

QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the different ways on how you represented a relation.
How do you find the elements of the second set?

23
 Table, mapping diagram, graph and ordered pairs

2. How did you make a set of ordered pair?

Assign first element as x, and second element as y

3. Based on yours answers, is the income related to the number of hours

worked? Why?

Yes, the income depends on how many hours of work

  A relation is allowed to have the object x in the first set to be related to

more than one object in the second set. So, a relation may not be represented by
a function machine, because, given the object x to the input of the machine, the
machine couldn't spit out a unique output object that is paired to x.

What’s More

Activity # 4
Directions: Based on the previous discussion you read, answer the following activity.

Express each relation as a table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.

1. The relation represents the number of cracker boxes sold and the money
earned.

{(1,5),(2,10),(3,15),(4,20),(5,25)}

a. Table b. Graph c.

State the domain and range of the function.

2. 3. 4.

24
 Domain: { 2,7,8,11,15} Domain: { 57, 68, 93, 99} Domain: {-6,-2,2,4,6,8}
Range: { 5,8,15,12,19} Range: { 9,2} Range: { -6,-4,0,4}

Activity # 5

A. State the domain and range of each relation, and explain if it’s a function or
not.

1. The relation represents the age of each

student and the number of pets the
student has.

Domain: {10, 12, 13, 15} student ages

Range: {0, 1, 2, 3} number of pets
The relation is not a function. The domain value
10 is paired with both 1 and 2

2. The relation represents the number of hours a person is able to rent a canoe
and the cost of renting the canoe for that many hours.

Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} hours

Range: {11, 13, 15, 17} Cost

This relation is a function. Each domain is paired with

exactly one range value.

Use the vertical line test to determine if each relation is a function.

3. . 7.

25
 The relation not a function. The relation is a function.

4. 8.

The relation is not a function. The relation is not a function.

5. 9.

The relation is a function. The relation is not a function.

6. 10.

26
The relation is a function. The relation is a function.

27