Analysis & Approaches – suggested teaching units and sequence ■ Teaching Plan (v5) below ...

Analysis SL units (120 teaching hours suggested) Analysis HL units (210 teaching hours suggested)
1. Algebra & function basics (11 hrs) 1. Algebra & function basics (12 hrs)
2. Functions, equations & identities (9 hrs) 2. Functions, equations & identities (12 hrs)
3. Sequences & series (10 hrs) 3. Sequences & series (12 hrs)
4. Exponential & logarithmic functions (10 hrs) 4. Exponential & logarithmic functions (10 hrs)
5. Proofs (12 hrs)
5. Trigonometric functions & equations (12 hrs) 6. Trigonometric functions & equations (15 hrs)
6. Geometry & trigonometry (12 hrs) 7. Geometry & trigonometry (12 hrs)
8. Complex numbers (12 hrs)
9. Vectors, lines & planes (22 hrs)
7. Differential calculus 1 (10 hrs) 10. Differential calculus 1 (12 hrs)
8. Differential calculus 2 (9 hrs) 11. Differential calculus 2 (14 hrs)
9. Integral calculus (9 hrs) 12. Integral calculus 1 (15 hrs)
13. Integral calculus 2 (17 hrs)
10. Statistics (10 hrs) 14. Statistics (10 hrs)
11. Probability (9 hrs) 15. Probability (11 hrs)
12. Probability distributions (9 hrs) 16. Probability distributions (12 hrs)

■ syllabus items in blue contain content for both SL and HL students

■ syllabus items/chapters in red contain content for only HL students
■ total suggested teaching hours SL: 120 hrs HL: 210 hrs

■ Teaching Plan (v5) ■

1. Algebra & function basics ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 11 hrs HL: 12 hrs
1.1 Equations & formulae: SL 2.1* different forms of the equation of a straight line; gradient;
intercepts; parallel & perpendicular lines SL 2.4* finding point of intersection of two curves or
lines using technology AHL 1.16 solutions of systems of linear equations (max of 3 eqns in 3
unknowns), including cases with unique solution, and infinite number of solutions or no solution
1.2 Definition of a function: SL 2.2* concept of a function and its domain, range & graph; function
notation; concept of a function as a math model SL 2.3* graph of a function; sketching graphs
including transferring from GDC screen to paper; using technology to graph functions
1.3 Composite functions: SL 2.5 composite functions [finding domain of a composite function]
1.4 Inverse functions: SL 2.2* concept that an inverse function undoes the effect of a function;
inverse function as reflection in line y = x ; the notation f −1 ( x ) SL 2.5 identity function; finding
the inverse function f −1 ( x ) SL 2.8 reciprocal function f ( x ) = 1 x , graph and self-inverse nature
AHL 2.14 finding inverse function with domain restriction; self-inverse functions
1.5 Transformations of functions: SL 2.11 transformations of graphs; translations, reflections (in
both axes), vertical stretch/shrink, horizontal stretch/shrink; composite transformations
AHL 2.16 graphs of the functions

Analysis & Approaches teaching plan (T.Garry v5)

2. Functions, equations & inequalities ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 9 hrs HL: 12 hrs
2.1 Quadratic functions: SL 2.6 quadratic function f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c : its graph, y-intercept, axis of
symmetry, x-intercepts, factored form f ( x ) = a ( x − p )( x − q ) , vertex form f ( x ) = a ( x − h )2 + k
SL 2.7 solving quadratic equations: using factorization, completing the square, quadratic formula;
discriminant and nature of roots: two distinct roots, two equal roots, no real roots
2.2 Polynomial functions (HL): AHL 2.12 polynomial functions, their graphs and equations: zeros,
roots, factors; the factor and remainder theorems; sum and product of roots of polynomial eqns
AHL 2.14 odd and even functions
2.3 Rational functions: SL 2.8 rational functions of the form and their graphs; equations of
vertical and horizontal asymptotes SL 2.4* determine key features of graphs AHL 2.13 rational
functions of the forms and ; horizontal, vertical and oblique asymptotes
2.4 Solving equations & inequalities: SL 2.10 solving equations graphically and analytically; using
technology to solve a variety of eqns, including ones having no appropriate analytic approach
SL 2.7 solving quadratic inequalities AHL 2.15 solutions of inequalities graphically and analytically
AHL 2.16 solution of modulus equations and inequalities
2.5 Partial fractions (HL): AHL 1.11 partial fractions; maximum of two distinct linear terms in the
denominator, with degree of numerator less than the degree of the denominator

3. Sequences & series ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 10 hrs HL: 12 hrs
3.1 Arithmetic sequences & series: SL 1.2* arithmetic sequences & series; use of the formulae for
the nth term and the sum of n terms; use of sigma notation; applications (e.g. simple interest);
interpretation and prediction where a model is not perfectly arithmetic in real life
3.2 Geometric sequences & series: SL 1.3* geometric sequences & series; use of the formulae for
the nth term and the sum of n terms; use of sigma notation; applications (e.g. spread of disease);
SL 1.5* financial applications of geometric series, e.g. compound interest, annual depreciation
SL 1.8 sum of infinite convergent geometric sequences
3.3 Binomial theorem: SL 1.9 binomial theorem; binomial expansions; use of Pascal’s triangle and
n
Cr (compute using the formula and technology); include combinations (counting principles)
3.4 Counting principles; permutations (HL) & combinations: AHL 1.10 counting principles, including
permutations & combinations; extension of binomial theorem to fractional and negative indices

4. Exponential & logarithmic functions ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 10 hrs HL: 10 hrs
4.1 Exponential functions: SL 1.7 laws of exponents SL 2.9 exponential functions and their graphs
4.2 Exponential growth & decay: SL 2.9 exponential functions and their graphs SL 2.10 applications
of graphing skills and solving equations that relate to real-life situations
4.3 Logarithmic functions: SL 2.9 logarithmic functions and their graphs SL 1.7 laws of logarithms;
change of base of a logarithm
4.4 Exponential & logarithmic equations: SL 1.7 solving exponential equations, including using
logarithms

5. Proofs (HL except 5.1) ■ suggested teaching hours HL: 12 hrs

5.1 Simple deductive proofs: SL 1.6 numerical & algebraic; how to lay out a LHS to RHS proof;
symbols and notation for equality and identity (covered elsewhere – e.g. proving trig identities 6.4)
5.2 Proof by contradiction (HL): AHL 1.15 proof by contradiction
5.3 Counterexamples (HL): AHL 1.15 use of a counterexample to show that a statement is not
always true
5.4 Mathematical induction (HL): AHL 1.15 proof by mathematical induction (use throughout course)

Analysis & Approaches teaching plan (T.Garry v5)

6. Trigonometric functions & equations ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 12 hrs HL: 15 hrs
6.1 Angles, circles, arcs & sectors: SL 3.4 the circle: radian measure, length of an arc, area of a sector
6.2 The unit circle and trigonometric functions: SL 3.5 definition of sinx and cosx in terms of unit
circle; definition of tanx as sinx/cosx; exact values of trig ratios of 0, π6 , π4 , π3 , π2 and their multiples
AHL 3.9 definition of the reciprocal trigonometric ratios secx, cscx and cotx
6.3 Graphs of trigonometric functions: SL 3.7 sinx, cosx and tanx; amplitude, periodic nature and
graphs; composite functions of form f ( x ) = a sin ( b ( x + c ) ) + d ; transformations; real-life contexts
AHL 3.11 relationships between trig functions and the symmetry properties of their graphs
6.4 Trigonometric equations & identities: SL 3.8 solving trig equations in a finite interval, both
graphically and analytically; equations leading to quadratic equations in sinx, cosx or tanx
SL 3.6 Pythagorean identity sin 2  + cos2  = 1 ; double angle identities for sine and cosine; the
relationship between trig ratios AHL 3.9 Pythagorean identities 1 + tan 2  = sec2  ,1 + cot 2  = csc2 
AHL 3.10 compound angle identities; double angle identity for tanx
6.5 Inverse trigonometric functions (HL): AHL 3.9 the inverse trig functions arcsinx, arccosx and
arcsinx; their domains and ranges, and their graphs

7. Geometry & trigonometry ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 12 hrs HL: 12 hrs
7.1 Measurements in three dimensions: SL 3.1* distance between two points in three-dimensional
space, and their midpoint; volume and surface area of three-dimensional solids including right-
pyramid, right cone, sphere, hemisphere and combinations of these solids
7.2 Right and non-right angled trigonometry: SL 3.2* use of sine, cosine and tangent ratios to find
sides and angles of right-angled triangles SL 3.3* applications of right and non-right-angled
trigonometry, including Pythagoras’ theorem; bearings; angles of elevation & depression;
construction of labelled diagrams from written statements SL 3.1* size of an angle between two
intersecting lines or between a line and a plane
7.3 Sine and cosine rules: SL 3.2* sine rule (not incl. ambiguous case); cosine rule; area of a triangle
1
2 ab sin C
SL 3.5 extension of the sine rule to the ambiguous case

8. Complex numbers (HL) ■ suggested teaching hours HL: 12 hrs

8.1 Terminology and operations: AHL 1.12 Cartesian form a + bi ; the terms real part, imaginary
part, conjugate AHL 1.13 sums, products and quotients in Cartesian form AHL 1.14 complex
conjugate roots of quadratic and polynomial equations with real coefficients
8.2 The complex plane: AHL 1.12 the terms modulus and argument; complex plane (Argand diagram)
AHL 1.13 modulus-argument (polar) form z = r ( cos  + i sin  ) = r cis ; Euler form z = ei ; sums,
products, quotients in polar and Euler form and their geometric interpretation
8.3 Powers and roots of complex numbers: AHL 1.14 De Moivre’s theorem for integer and rational
exponents; powers and roots of complex numbers

9. Vectors, lines & planes (HL) ■ suggested teaching hours HL: 22 hrs
9.1 Terminology and operations: AHL 3.12 concept of a vector; position vectors; displacement
vectors; representation of vectors using directed line segments; base vectors i, j, k; components
of a vector; algebraic and geometric approaches for: sum and difference of two vectors, zero
vector, multiplication by a scalar, parallel vectors, magnitude of a vector, unit vectors, position
vectors, displacement vector; proofs of geometrical properties using vectors
9.2 Scalar product: AHL 3.13 definition of scalar product of 2 vectors; applications of the properties
of the scalar product; the angle between two vectors; perpendicular vectors; parallel vectors
9.3 Vector product: AHL 3.16 definition of the vector product of two vectors; properties of the
vector product; geometric interpretations [Unit 9 continued on next page ...]

Analysis & Approaches teaching plan (T.Garry v5)

9. Vectors, lines & planes (HL) (continued)
9.4 Lines in space: AHL 3.14 equations of a line in two and three dimensions: vector form,
parametric form, Cartesian form; the angle between two lines; simple applications to kinematics
AHL 3.15 coincident, parallel, intersecting and skew lines, distinguishing between these cases;
points of intersection
9.5 Planes: AHL 3.17 vector eqns of a plane: and AHL 3.18 intersections
of: a line and a plane, two planes, three planes; angle between: a line and a plane, two planes

10. Differential calculus 1 ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 10 hrs HL: 12 hrs
10.1 Limits of functions: SL 5.1* introduction to concept of a limit AHL 5.12 understanding of limits
(convergence & divergence)
10.2 The derivative of a function: SL 5.1* derivative interpreted as gradient function and as rate of
change SL 5.3* derivative of ax n , n  ; derivatives of polynomials SL 5.6 derivative of ax n , n 
AHL 5.12 informal understanding of continuity & differentiability of function at a point; definition
of derivative from first principles
10.3 Maxima and minima: SL 5.2* increasing and decreasing functions; graphical interpretation of
f  ( x )  0, f  ( x ) = 0, f  ( x )  0 SL 5.7 The second derivative; graphical behaviour of functions,
including the relationship between the graphs of a function, its 1st derivative and its 2nd derivative
SL 5.8 local maximum & minimum points; testing for maxima and minima; inflexion points with
zero and non-zero gradients SL 5.9 Kinematic problems - displacement, velocity and acceleration
10.4 Tangents & normals: SL 5.4* Tangents and normals at a given point, and their equations

11. Differential calculus 2 ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 9 hrs HL: 14 hrs
11.1 Further differentiation rules: SL 5.6 chain rule for composite functions; product & quotient rules
11.2 Derivatives of trig, exponential & natural logarithm functions: SL 5.6 derivative of sinx, cosx,
e x , a x and ln x ; derivatives of a sum and multiple of these functions AHL 5.12 higher derivatives
11.3 Implicit differentiation & derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions (HL): AHL 5.14 implicit
differentiation; derivatives of log a x , tan x, sec x, csc x, cot x , arcsin x , arccos x and arctan x
11.4 Related rates (HL): AHL 5.14 related rates of change
11.5 Optimisation: SL 5.8 optimization AHL 5.14 optimization problems (including endpoint solutions)
11.6 l’Hopital’s rule (HL): AHL 5.13 l’Hopital’s rule - limits in indeterminate form; repeated use of rule

12. Integral calculus 1 ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 9 hrs HL: 15 hrs
12.1 Antiderivative & simple substitution: SL 5.5* introduction to integration as anti-differentiation
SL 5.10 indefinite integral of x n ( n  ) , sin x, cos x, 1x and e x ; integration by inspection of by
substitution of the form  kg  ( x ) f ( g ( x ) ) dx
12.2 Integration by parts (HL): AHL 5.16 integration by parts; repeated integration by parts
12.3 Further rules and methods of integration (HL): AHL 5.16 integration by substitution
AHL 5.15 indefinite integrals of all six trig functions and their inverses; use partial fractions to
rearrange the integrand
12.4 Definite integrals and area: SL 5.5* definite integrals using technology; anti-differentiation with
a boundary condition to find constant term; areas between f ( x ) and the x-axis where f ( x )  0
SL 5.11 definite integrals, including analytical approach; areas of a region enclosed by a curve and
the x-axis where curve can be positive or negative, with use of technology; areas between curves
AHL 5.17 area of the region enclosed by a curve and the y-axis
12.5 Volume of solids of revolutions (HL): AHL 5.17 volumes of revolution about the x-axis or y-axis
12.6 Kinematics (linear motion): SL 5.9 displacement, velocity, acceleration & total distance travelled

Analysis & Approaches teaching plan (T.Garry v5)

13. Integral calculus 2 (HL) ■ suggested teaching hours HL: 17 hrs
13.1 Terminology and basics; variables separable differential equations: AHL 5.18 first order
differential equations; separation of variables method
13.2 Homogeneous differential equations: AHL 5.18 homogeneous differential equations
13.3 First order linear differential equations: AHL 5.18 use of integrating factor method
13.4 Euler’s method: AHL 5.18 numerical solutions using Euler’s method
13.5 Maclaurin series: AHL 5.19 Maclaurin series; use of simple substitution, products, integration
and differentiation to obtain other series; Maclaurin series developed from differential equations
14. Statistics ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 10 hrs HL: 10 hrs
14.1 Sampling techniques: SL 4.1* concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete and
continuous data; reliability of data sources and bias in sampling; sampling techniques: simple
random, convenience, systematic, quota and stratified methods
14.2 Presentation of data: SL 4.2* presentation of data (discrete and continuous); frequency
histograms with equal class intervals; cumulative frequency; cumulative frequency graphs
14.3 Measures of central tendency: SL 4.2* cum. freq. graphs to find median, quartiles & percentiles
SL 4.3* mean, median & mode; estimation of mean from grouped data; modal class;
14.4 Measures of variability: SL 4.2* cum. freq. graphs to find range and interquartile range (IQR)
SL 4.3* IQR, standard deviation and variance; effect of constant changes on the original data
14.5 Linear regression: SL 4.4* linear correlation of bivariate data; Pearson’s product-moment
correlation coefficient, r ; scatter diagrams; lines of best fit, by eye, passing through the mean
point; equation of the regression line of y on x; use of equation of regression line for prediction
purposes; interpret the meaning of the parameters, a and b, in linear regression y = ax + b
SL 4.10 equation of the regression line of x on y; use of equation for prediction purposes
15. Probability ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 9 hrs HL: 11 hrs
15.1 Basic definitions, concepts and diagrams: SL 4.5* concepts of trial, outcome, equally likely
outcomes, relative frequency, sample space (U ) and event; the probability of an event A; the
complementary events; expected number of occurrences
15.2 Probability of events: SL 4.6* use of Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, sample space diagrams and
tables of outcomes to calculate probabilities; combined events; mutually exclusive events;
15.3 Conditional probability and independence: SL 4.6* conditional probability; independent events
SL 4.11 formal definition and use of the formulae: for conditional probabilities, and for
independent events; testing for independence
15.4 Bayes’ theorem (HL): AHL 4.13 use of Bayes’ theorem for a maximum of three events
16. Probability distributions ■ suggested teaching hours SL: 9 hrs HL: 12 hrs
16.1 Discrete random variables & discrete distributions: SL 4.7* concept of discrete random variables
and their probability distributions; expected value (mean), E(X) for discrete data; applications
AHL 4.14 variance of a discrete random variable
16.2 Binomial distribution: SL 4.8* binomial distribution; situations where the binomial distribution
is an appropriate model; mean and variance of the binomial distribution
16.3 A continuous distribution: normal distribution: SL 4.9* normal distribution and curve; properties
of normal distribution; diagrammatic representation; normal probability calculations; inverse
normal calculations (no use of standardized normal variable z) SL 4.12 Standardization of normal
variables (z-values); inverse normal calculations where mean & standard deviation are unknown
16.4 Continuous distributions (HL): AHL 4.14 continuous random variables and their probability
density functions, including piecewise functions; mode and median of continuous random
variables; mean, variance and standard deviation of discrete and continuous random variables;
the effect of linear transformations
Analysis & Approaches teaching plan (T.Garry v5)