SPEAKING BANK: USEFUL PHRASES

General conversation
Starting a conversation
Excuse me, can I tell/ask you something? Вибачте, можна вам щось сказати/про щось запитати?
Excuse me, can I talk to you for a moment? Вибачте, можна вас на хвилинку?
Can we have a word? Можна з вами поговорити?
Asking for directions/information
Excuse me. How do I get to … ? Вибачте, як мені дістатися до … ?
Is there a (post office ) near here? Чи є тут (пошта) поблизу?
Could you tell me the way to … ? Скажіть, будь ласка, як пройти до … ?
I’d like to know (when the course starts), please. Будь ласка, я хотів би дізнатися (коли починається курс).
Do you know (where the bus stop is)? Ви знаєте, (де зупинка автобуса)?
And there is one more thing I’d like to know. І ще одне, про що я хотів би дізнатися.
And you wouldn’t know (the price), would you? Ви випадково не знаєте (вартість)?
Giving directions
Go straight ahead. Йдіть прямо.
Turn left/right. Поверніть ліворуч/праворуч.
Take the first/second turning on your right/left. Поверніть на першому/другому повороті праворуч/
ліворуч.
Go past (the school). Йдіть повз (школу).
Keep going until you get to … . Продовжуйте йти, поки не дійдете до … .
Go along (Green Street) as far as the traffic lights. Йдіть вздовж (вулиці Зеленої) до світлофору.
Then … . Потім … .
You need to go (this way). Вам треба йти (в цьому напрямку).
Apologizing
(I’m) sorry for (the delay/being late). Вибачте за (затримку/запізнення).
I’m really sorry. Мені справді шкода.
I’m awfully sorry. Мені дуже жаль.
I apologize. Прошу пробачення.
Making a request
Can/Could you … ? Чи не могли б ви … ?
Would you mind (doing sth)? Ви не проти (зробити щось)?
Do you think you could (possibly) … ? Чи не могли б ви … ?
Will/Would you (please) … ? Чи не могли б ви (будь ласка) … ?
Agreeing to a request
OK./All right. Так./Добре.
Yes, sure. Так, звісно.
Certainly. Звичайно.
Refusing a request
Sorry, but … . Вибачте, але … .
(No), I can’t really … . (Ні), я справді не можу … .
(No), I’m afraid I can’t … . (Ні), боюсь я не можу … .
Making a suggestion/making arrangements
Are you doing anything (on Saturday evening)? Ви зайняті чимось (в суботу ввечері)?
Would you like to (go out)? Ви б хотіли (кудись піти)?
Do you fancy (a walk/going for a walk)? Ви хочете (прогулятися)?
Why don’t we (do sth)? Чому б нам не (зробити щось)?
Let’s go (to the cinema). Давайте підемо (в кіно).
How/What about (cooking sth)? Як щодо того, щоб (приготувати щось)?
I was wondering if you’d like to (play sth). Я хотів запитати, чи ви бажаєте (пограти у щось).
It would be great if we (had dinner somewhere). Було б чудово, якби ми (пообідали десь).
Shall we (watch a film)? Може нам (подивитися фільм)?
I think we could (do sth). Думаю, ми б могли (зробити щось).

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 Accepting suggestions/agreeing to arrangements
(Yes,) I’d love to. (Так,) я хотів би.
(Yes,) I’d be glad/happy to. (Так,) я був би радий/щасливий.
Sure, why not? Звичайно, чому б ні.
(That) sounds good to me. (Це) звучить добре.
Great! Чудово!
Yes, that would be (great/good/useful/excellent). Так, це було б (чудово/добре/корисно/відмінно).
Yes, (I think) that’s a good idea. Так, (я думаю) це хороша ідея.
That’s a great idea! Це чудова ідея!
That’s a good/an excellent suggestion! Це хороша/прекрасна пропозиція!
That could be (fun/interesting). Це може бути (весело/цікаво).
Rejecting suggestions/refusing arrangements
Sorry, but I can’t. Вибачте, але я не можу.
Sorry, but I’m busy (on Saturday evening). Вибачте, але я зайнятий (в суботу ввечері).
Sorry, but I’ve got to (write an essay). Вибачте, але мені треба (написати есе).
That’s a good idea, but … . Хороша ідея, але … .
I’d love to, but … . Я б залюбки, але … .
I don’t think so, (because … ). Я так не думаю, (тому що … ).
Well, I’d rather (do sth else). Ну, я б краще (зробив щось інше).
Yes, but don’t you think it would be better to (do sth)? Так, але чи не думаєте ви, що було б краще (зробити щось)?
Well, I’m not sure that’s such a good idea. Ну, я не впевнений, що це така хороша ідея.
Hmm, I’m not sure about that. Гм, я не певен щодо цього.
I’m afraid I can’t. (I’m busy doing sth.) Боюсь, я не можу. (Я зайнятий чимось).
Asking for help
Could you (do sth)? Чи не могли б ви (зробити щось)?
Would you mind (doing sth)? Ви не проти (зробити щось)?
Can you help me, please? Чи не могли б ви мені допомогти, будь-ласка?
Could you give/lend me a hand? Чи не могли б ви допомогти мені?
Offering something
Would you like (a biscuit)? Хочете (печиво)?
How about (a cup of coffee)? Як щодо (чашки кави)?
Do you fancy (a drink)? Ви бажаєте (пити)?
I’ll do it for you. Я зроблю це для вас.
Shall I help you to (do sth)? Допомогти вам (зробити щось)?
How can I help (you)? Як я можу допомогти (вам)?
Accepting/refusing an offer
Yes, please./Thanks. Так, будь ласка. /Дякую.
Thank you very much. That’s very kind of you. Велике спасибі. Дуже люб'язно з вашого боку.
That would be lovely, thank you. Це було б чудово, дякую.
No, thanks. Ні, дякую.
Asking for permission
Could I (see the photos)? Чи міг би я (подивитися фотографії)?
Is it OK/all right if I (stay longer)? Можна мені (залишитися довше)?
Do you mind if I (keep it)? Ви не проти, якщо я (залишу це собі)?
Would you mind if I (borrowed the car)? Ви не заперечуєте, якщо я (позичу у вас машину)?
Would it be OK if I (didn't answer)? Можна мені (не відповідати)?
I was wondering if I could (leave earlier). Я хотів запитати, чи можна мені (піти раніше).
Giving permission
Yes, of course. Так, звичайно.
Yes, sure. Так, авжеж.
Yes, that’s fine. (Reply to 'Is it OK if … ?') Так, звісно. (Відповідь на 'Is it OK if … ?')
No, that’s fine. (Reply to 'Do you mind if … ?') Ні, все гаразд. (Відповідь на 'Do you mind if … ?')
No, go ahead. Ні, давайте (продовжуйте).
No problem. Без проблем.

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 Refusing permission
Sorry, but … . Вибачте, але … .
I’m afraid that’s not possible. Боюсь, це неможливо.
I’d rather you didn’t (if you don’t mind). Краще б ви це не робили (якщо не заперечуєте).
Asking for advice
What do you think I should do? Що ви думаєте, мені варто зробити?
Do you think I should (talk to him)? Ви думаєте, мені варто (поговорити з ним)?
Can I ask your opinion about something? Можна запитати вашу думку про щось?
Giving advice
I think you should/ought to (do this). Я думаю, вам варто (зробити це).
You could (ask her about it). Ви могли б (запитати її про це).
If I were you, I’d (go there). На вашому місці я би (пішов туди).
Have you thought about (leaving)? Ви не думали про те, щоб (піти)?
Have you considered (giving up smoking)? Ви не роздумували над тим, щоб (кинути курити)?
Why don’t you (go to see a doctor)? Чому б вам не (звернутися до лікаря)?
You might enjoy (doing sth). Можливо, вам сподобається (зробити щось).
Expressing likes/dislikes/preferences
I really like … . Мені справді подобається … .
I’m keen on … . Я захоплююсь … .
I love/adore … . Я люблю/обожнюю … .
I don’t really like … . Мені не дуже подобається … .
I can’t stand … . Я не переношу …/Я терпіти не можу … .
I hate/detest … . Я ненавиджу/не хочу … .
I prefer … . Я надаю перевагу … .
I like … better than … . Мені подобається … більше ніж … .
Saying thanks
Thanks a lot./Many thanks. Дуже дякую. /Велике спасибі.
Thank you very much. Велике спасибі.
That was/is very kind of you. Це дуже люб'язно з вашого боку.
Responding to thanks
Not at all. Нема за що.
No problem. Без проблем.
Don’t mention it. Нема за що.
Any time. Звертайтеся ще.
That’s OK. Все нормально.
You’re welcome. Будь ласка.
It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. Завжди радий.
Ending a conversation
OK, that’s great. Гаразд, це чудово.
OK. Thank you. Гаразд. Дякую.
That’s fine. Bye. Добре. До побачення.
See you around. Побачимося.
I’ll call you soon. Я скоро зателефоную.
It’s been nice/good talking to you. Було приємно поспілкуватися з вами.

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 Talking about a picture

Describing a picture
In the picture I can see … . На картинці я бачу … .
The picture shows (a zoo). На картинці зображено (зоопарк).
They look (tired). Вони виглядають (стомленими).
She seems/appears to be (happy) … . Вона здається/виглядає (щасливою) … .
On the right/left there is … . Праворуч/ліворуч знаходиться … .
At the top/bottom there are (some animals). Зверху/знизу знаходяться (тварини).
In the top right-hand corner there seems to be … . У верхньому правому куті, здається, … .
In the foreground/background … . На передньому плані/задньому плані (тлі) … .
The image reminds me of/makes me think of Зображення нагадує мені про/спонукає мене думати
(my childhood). про (моє дитинство).
Speculating
(I guess) they might/could be (brother and sister). (Я гадаю) вони можуть бути (братом і сестрою).
It must be (some kind of a machine). Це має бути (якась машина).
She’s probably (more than 17). Можливо, їй (більше 17 років).
She can’t be (on holiday), because … . Вона не може бути (на відпочинку), тому що … .
She could be … or … . Вона може бути … чи … .
He looks as if … . Він виглядає так, ніби … .
It’s not clear if … . Незрозуміло, чи … .
It looks like (they’re friends). Схоже, (вони друзі).
They seem (to be in love). Здається, вони (закохані).
I expect that she’s … . Я припускаю, що вона … .
I wonder if he’s … . Цікаво, чи він … .

Taking part in a discussion

Ordering arguments
To start with, … . Для початку, … .
First of all, …/Firstly, … . Перш за все, … /По-перше, … .
Secondly, … . По-друге, … .
Another thing is that … . Ще одне, це те, що … .
On the one hand … , but on the other hand … . З одного боку … але з іншого боку … .
On the other hand, … . З іншого боку, … .
The main reason is … . Головна причина - це … .
Another reason is … . Інша причина - це … .
It’s also true that … . Також правда, що … .
And finally … . І нарешті … .
Giving examples
For example, …/For instance, … . Наприклад, … .
To give you an idea, … . Щоб дати вам уявлення, … .
One example of this is … . Одним із прикладів цього є … .
Summarizing
The point I’m trying to make is … . Думка, яку я хочу довести… .
In short … . Коротко … .
In other words … . Іншими словами … .
To sum up … . Підсумовуючи … .
Asking for someone’s opinion
What do you think (of/about … )? Що ви думаєте (про … )?
Have you considered … ? Ви не думали … ?
What’s your view on/opinion of … ? Яка ваша думка про … ?
Don’t you agree that … ? Чи ви погоджуєтесь, що … ?

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 Expressing an opinion
I think (that) … . Я думаю (що) … .
In my view/opinion, … . На мій погляд/думку, … .
Personally, I think … . Особисто я думаю … .
As I see it, … . Як я бачу це, … .
From my point of view, … . З моєї точки зору, … .
I don’t think … . Я не думаю … .
I don’t really know (if ) … . Я справді не знаю (чи) … .
I’m not sure (about/if ) … . Я не впевнений (щодо/чи) … .
I don’t have a strong/definite opinion about that. У мене немає твердої/певної думки з цього приводу.
Agreeing with/accepting the other person’s viewpoint
Yes, I agree (with you). Так, я згоден (з вами).
I completely agree. Я повністю згоден.
That’s exactly what I think. Це саме те, що я думаю.
I know. Я знаю.
(I think) you’re right. (Я думаю) ти маєш рацію.
Right./That’s right. Правильно/Це вірно.
True./That’s true. Правда/Це правда.
Absolutely. Абсолютно.
Exactly! Точно!
I suppose so. Я теж так думаю.
You’ve persuaded me. Ти переконав мене.
OK. Why not? Добре. Чому ні?
I expect you’re right. Сподіваюсь, ти правий.
True. OK, then. Правильно. Тоді добре.
All right. I suppose you’re right. Гаразд. Я гадаю, ти правий.
Defending your opinion/disagreeing
Yes/True, but … . Так/Правда, але … .
Yes, maybe, but … . Так, можливо, але … .
I see what you mean, but … . Я розумію, що ви маєте на увазі, але … .
I’m afraid I disagre/can’t agree with you. Боюсь, я не згоден/не можу погодитися з вами.
I’m not sure about that. Я не впевнений у цьому.
I’m not sure that’s true/correct/right. Я не впевнений, що це правда/вірно/правильно.
I agree to some extent, but … . Я певною мірою згоден, але … .
I disagree. Я не погоджуюсь.
I don’t see why/how. Я не розумію, чому/як.
You must be joking! Ви, напевно, жартуєте!
Surely you don’t think that … . Звичайно, ви не думаєте, що … .
Actually, … . Насправді, … .

Other useful functions

Responding to what someone has said
Do you?/Are you?/Is it?/Have you? Чи це так?
That’s interesting. Це цікаво.
Really? Дійсно?
I see. Розумію.
Oh, OK. О, так.

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 Playing for time
Let me see, … . Дайте подумати, … .
Well, let me think, … . Ну, дозвольте мені подумати … .
Hmm, let me think about that for a moment … . Хм, дайте мені трохи подумати … .
I’ll have to think about it. Я повинен подумати про це.
How shall/can I put it? Як я можу це виразити?
What’s the word for it? Як же це називається?
That’s a good question. Це гарне запитання.
I’m not quite sure, but … . Я не зовсім впевнений, але … .
Asking for clarification
Pardon? Вибачте?
Sorry? Вибачте?
Do you mean … ? Ви маєте на увазі … ?
Does this mean … ? Це означає … ?
Can you say it/that again, please? Ви можете сказати це ще раз, будь ласка?
Would you mind repeating that, please? Не могли б ви повторити це, будь ласка?
Could you repeat that more slowly, please? Не могли б ви повторити це повільніше, будь ласка?
Could you spell that, please? Не могли б ви сказати це по літерам, будь ласка?
In a job interview
What exactly would my duties be? Якими саме будуть мої обов'язки?
Will I have to work shifts? Чи будуть у мене робочі зміни?
What’s the pay? Яка оплата?
Could you tell me what the working hours would be? Не могли б ви сказати мені, яким буде робочий час?
Do I have to wear a uniform? Чи повинен я носити уніформу?
When will you let me know (if I’ve got the job)? Коли ви дасте мені знати (чи я отримав роботу)?
Shopping
I’m looking for something (smart/for a special occasion). Я шукаю щось (вишукане (нарядне)/для особливих
випадків).
It doesn’t fit very well. It’s too big/small. Це не дуже добре пасує. Це занадто велике/мале.
Do you have it/them in (grey/silver) or (blue)? Чи є у вас це (сірого/срібного кольору) або (синього
кольору)?
I would like (light grey, silver or blue). Я хотів би (світло-сірого, сріблястого або синього
кольору).
Do you have it/them in a small/medium/large? У вас є це малого/середнього/великого розміру?
I need a bigger/smaller size. Мені потрібен більший/менший розмір.
How much is it/this? Скільки це коштує?
Can I pay by credit card? Чи можу я розрахуватися за допомогою кредитної
картки?
I'd like to pay in cash. Я хотів би заплатити готівкою.
Making a complaint
I’d like to make a complaint about … . Я хочу подати скаргу про … .
I’d like to complain about … . Я хотів би поскаржитися на … .
I’d like to return this … . Я хотів би повернути це … .
Something is wrong with it. З цим щось не так.
It won’t work properly. Це не буде працювати належним чином.
It’s faulty/broken. Він несправний/зламаний.
Can I have a refund? Чи можу я отримати відшкодування?
Could you give me my money back? Чи не могли б ви повернути мої гроші?
Can I exchange it? Чи можу я обміняти це?

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 S P E A K I N G B A N K : D E B AT E I D E A S
Unit 1, Debate, Exercise 2, page 13
The best way to live as a family is for grandparents,
parents and children to live together.
Relationships between family members
FOR: The grandparents can have closer relationships with
their grandchildren.
AGAINST: Grandparents and grandchildren may not want
closer relationships. Grandparents might find the children
too noisy, and the children might find the grandparents
too slow or old-fashioned.
Number of people in the home
FOR: Having more people in the home makes life more
interesting and no one will feel alone. Children will have
more role models.
AGAINST: Not everybody enjoys having more people in
the home. Some people want quiet and privacy at home.
Housework and home repairs
FOR: Everyone can share the housework and home repairs
so they will spend less time on them.
AGAINST: People might not share the housework and
home repairs properly so some people might do a lot
of them.
Unit 2, Debate, Exercise 2, page 21
Everyone should donate to charities that help
extremely poor people around the world.
The needs of people living in extreme poverty
FOR: We have a responsibility to help people in other
countries because they are human beings like us and
their lives are much more difficult than ours. They don’t
have adequate food, shelter and access to healthcare
and education.
AGAINST: Millions of people live in extreme poverty, but
we are not responsible for their poverty. We have more
responsibility towards people in our own country and we
should help them instead.
The role of the state in responding to social needs
FOR: Charities can demonstrate to governments that
people are in need and can campaign for more state
support.
AGAINST: By helping people in need, charities allow the
state to avoid taking responsibility for helping them.
The effect of donating money on the person who gives
FOR: Being generous to others improves our own sense
of wellbeing. In turn, this makes us act generously again.
AGAINST: Although it can feel good to give to charity,
the sense of satisfaction does not last long and has little
positive effect on the donor.
Unit 3, Debate, Exercise 2, page 31
It is better to own your home rather than rent it.
The costs
FOR: You need a larger deposit to buy than to rent,
mortgage payments can be more expensive than rent, and
there is the cost of maintenance, but you have something
valuable that you can sell later.
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AGAINST: The deposit you need to pay when you rent is a
lot lower than the deposit you need to buy a house.
Control over what you can do in your home
FOR: You have control over what you can do in your home.
You don’t have to ask a landlord or landlady.
AGAINST: You cannot alter your home, but you do not
have to pay for repairs or new appliances.
Moving house
FOR: You don't have a landlord who can tell you to leave.
So, you only need to move house when you want or
need to.
AGAINST: It is much easier to move from a rented
property than from one that you own. It is cheaper and
quicker to organize.
Unit 4, Debate, Exercise 2, page 39
Exams do not prepare people for the real world.
Memorizing information
FOR: For exams, you spend a long time learning and
memorizing information that you quickly forget, and that
may not be needed in the real world.
AGAINST: In the real world, you need to be able to memorize
specific information either for work or for life in general.
Hard work as a key ingredient for success
FOR: Not everyone needs to work hard to pass an exam.
Some people pass them without doing much work.
AGAINST: Revising for exams and passing them helps you
see that hard work is an important ingredient for success.
This is true in the real world.
Working alone under pressure
FOR: In many jobs, you don’t have to work alone as you do
in an exam. You work with others.
AGAINST: Working alone in an exam prepares you for
making your own decisions in the real world.
Unit 5, Debate, Exercise 2, page 49
Every university student should have a part-time job.
Academic goals
FOR: You can still achieve your academic goals if you have
a part-time job. You just need to manage your time well.
AGAINST: The most important goal at university is to get
your degree. If you can afford not to work, it’s better to
focus just on your degree so you do well.
Social life
FOR: The money you earn from a part-time job can help
pay for a social life.
AGAINST: You will have more time for a social life if you
don’t work part-time.
Future employment prospects
FOR: Experience of working part-time looks good on your
CV. It shows employers that you are hard-working and can
manage your time well.
AGAINST: Employers will be more interested in your
degree than in your part-time jobs.
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 Unit 6, Debate, Exercise 2, page 57
The government should tax unhealthy food to
improve people’s health.
The money it generates for the government
FOR: The government could spend the money on health care
and educational campaigns promoting healthier eating.
AGAINST: The government may not spend the money
generated from the tax on public health.
Fairness
FOR: Unhealthy food is easier to sell than healthy food, so
it is fair to tax it more.
AGAINST: The people who pay most of this tax are those
who are on low incomes, and it is not fair that they pay
more tax than those on higher incomes.
The cost to government and society
FOR: The healthcare of people with diseases related to
eating badly are huge and this tax helps pay for it.
AGAINST: Some people blame the big increase of
diseases related to people’s diets on unhealthy food, and
the medical cost of treating them. However, there are
other factors involved (genetic factors, the amount you
eat, the amount of exercise you take).
Unit 7, Debate, Exercise 2, page 67
We should all become vegetarians.
Human health
FOR: Our bodies have developed to help us eat a
vegetarian diet. We have short teeth and long intestines,
which help us digest plants. Although our ancestors ate
meat and fish, most of us don’t need to today because
we have plenty of alternatives. We can get everything we
need from other sources of food.
AGAINST: Our ancestors ate other animals and our bodies
have developed so that we can, too.
The rights of other animals
FOR: Animals, fish and birds have a right to life, the same
as humans do.
AGAINST: As humans we have the right to eat other
animals. They eat other creatures in order to survive. It is
part of the natural cycle of life.
The environment
FOR: Raising animals for food takes up huge amounts of
energy, water and land.
AGAINST: The high level of methane in the atmosphere is
not caused primarily by cattle and sheep. The main cause
is the burning of oil, gas and coal.
Unit 8, Debate, Exercise 2, page 75
Low-cost airlines do more harm than good.
Increased travel opportunities
FOR: Although low-cost airlines have given more people
the opportunity to travel, this is not a good thing for the
places they travel to. Many popular tourist destinations
find the numbers of tourists too great.
AGAINST: Greater travel opportunities mean that more
people can understand and appreciate other cultures.
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The social impact on tourist destinations
FOR: The society of a tourist destination can be harmed
as people lose their sense of community when large
numbers of tourists visit.
AGAINST: People living in a tourist destination can feel
more pride in their home because so many people visit it
and they may develop a stronger sense of community.
Economic consequences
FOR: If tourists only visit in the summer, then in the winter,
people will be without work.
AGAINST: Low-cost airlines provide jobs for thousands of
people and improve the economy of the regions around
the airports they use.
Unit 9, Debate, Exercise 2, page 85
Spending a lot of our free time on the Internet is bad
for us.
Relationships with others
FOR: Relationships made online aren't as strong as
those made in the real world because face-to-face
communication is better than online chatting or playing.
AGAINST: It’s good to form new relationships and if this is
hard in real life, it can be helpful to form them online.
Creativity
FOR: The Internet limits creativity because people want
to get ‘likes’ and followers. This can mean they don’t post
things they think others will dislike.
AGAINST: Seeing what others have created on the
Internet encourages people to be creative.
Finding information
FOR: Some of the information online is untrue, inaccurate
or out-of-date. It isn't always easy to find out what is true.
AGAINST: It is quick and easy to find information on the
Internet. There is information about everything.
Unit 10, Debate, Exercise 2, page 93
Professional sports benefit society.
Health
FOR: Watching professionals play sports motivates people
to play sports themselves, which improves their health.
AGAINST: People spend time watching sports instead of
playing them, which is bad for their health.
Education
FOR: Watching professional sports teaches children about
competition. It shows them in particular how to cope with
losing and how sometimes you can win at the last minute.
AGAINST: Children need to learn about co-operation and
negotiation as well as competition. Team sports can teach
them about co-operation, but not negotiation. In real life,
it is often important to reach an agreement in which both
sides feel happy.
The economy
FOR: Professional sports create jobs at the venues and in
the media.
AGAINST: Most of the money that fans spend at a sporting
event does not go to local people.
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 Unit 11, Debate, Exercise 2, page 103 Reliability
Modern technology makes life less interesting. FOR: A nuclear reactor can provide a lot of energy, and we
are going to need more and more energy in the future as
Electricity
the human population grows. More heat will be needed
FOR: Inside our homes, electricity means we can have light all
and more energy needed for electrified transport.
the time, and use electrical and electronic equipment. These
AGAINST: Demand for energy is rising, but we could meet
distractions mean that most of us don’t spend much time
the demand if we create enough renewable forms of
thinking or getting to know ourselves or others properly.
energy. Not all renewables depend on the weather: hydro,
AGAINST: Electricity itself means that we can do all kinds
biogas, biomass and geothermal don’t depend on it. Also,
of things inside and outside the home when it’s dark. This
advances are being made in technologies that store energy
makes life very interesting and full of possibilities.
from solar and wind power.
Transport
FOR: Modern methods of transport mean that we don’t
see our environment closely when we travel. When you QUIZ ANSWERS
travel slowly, you learn much more because you can use all
Unit 11, page 96, exercise 4, Science quiz
your senses to understand your environment.
1 physicist 2 Venus 3 gravity 4 hydrogen 5 freezing
AGAINST: Modern forms of transport have enabled us
6 calories 7 doctor/physician 8 law
to see places that we couldn’t have seen if we could only
travel on foot or horseback. They have made us more
Unit 12, page 110, exercise 1, Pollution quiz
aware of the wonders and variety of the natural world.
1 motor vehicles/cars and lorries
Information and communication
2 Because they can stay in the earth for long periods.
FOR: It’s more interesting to observe and learn from the
3 They put poisonous chemicals in rivers.
real world than it is to learn from a computer.
4 noise from traffic, music, building works
AGAINST: We can find and store huge amounts of
5 street lights, lights in offices, factories and homes
interesting information on computers that we can then
look at, watch, read or listen to.

Unit 12, Debate, Exercise 2, page 111

Nuclear power is essential in order to provide enough
energy globally.
Safety
FOR: Accidents rarely happen and everything possible
is done to prevent them. Radioactive waste can now be
buried safely.
AGAINST: The consequences of an accident at a nuclear
reactor are very serious, whereas they are not with
renewable forms of energy. Radioactive waste has to
be kept securely and guarded, which adds to the cost
of nuclear energy. We are creating problems for future
generations, too.
Construction and maintenance cost
FOR: Modern nuclear reactors cost less to build and
maintain than in the past. They take a long time to build,
but then they provide low-cost energy continuously for
about 60 years.
AGAINST: It is becoming cheaper to build renewable
energy sources. Nuclear reactors are very expensive to
build and then make safe later when we can no longer
use them. Renewable energy sources are much quicker to
build, last indefinitely and don’t need to be made safe.

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