Program Assessment and Planning: Part I

1. Needs Assessment
a. General Data
i. Description of Site
● Elementary School (John B. Cary Elementary School) 3021 Maplewood
Ave. Richmond, Virginia 23221
● School Vision Statement:
“Our vision for John B. Cary Elementary School is to ensure that our
students are College and/or Career Ready without Exception.”
● Mission:
1. To Improve Academic Performance
2. To Maintain Safe and Secure Schools
3. To Maintain a Strong and Accountable Fiscal Environment
4. To Maintain an Attractive and Clean School
5. To Enhance the Image of Richmond Schools
● Our Core Values: Whereas students are…
1. Challenged with meaningful learning opportunities
2. Healthy and productive decision-makers
3. Engaged and facilitate their own learning
4. Safe and Supported caring adults
5. Service-driven in an effort to give back to the community

ii. Description of Client Population and Target Group

● Target group: 6-7 year olds in first grade1

● 97% of students in the school are low-income1
● 83% African American, 8% Caucasian, 4% Hispanic, 3% Two or more
races, 2% Asian or Pacific Islander, <1% Native American, <1% Native
Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander1

iii. Description of Staff Population

● 17 students per 1 teacher1

● 81% of teachers have 3 or more years of experience1
● 88% of teachers are full time and certified1

iv. Description of Services Provided

● Education
 v. Other Pertinent Data
● Fluoridated water in the facility - Richmond City2
● Serves 1% or Fat-Free Milk as well as Fruit Juice for lunches3
● Semi-annual Smiles of Virginia oral hygiene education and fluoride
varnish program.
● In the 2018-2019 school year of the 286 students enrolled, 276 qualified
for free lunch.4

A. Information Related to Dental Health

i. Services Provided
a. Fluoride Varnish Program every 6 months.
b. Smiles of Virginia completes an education program every 6 months.
ii. Preventive Measures Utilized
a. 19 students received fluoride varnish in Feb 2022.
b. 2 students needed urgent dental care (Nurse Ward did not go into detail
about which type of urgent dental care was needed)
iii. Supplies Available
a. Nurse Ward has toothbrushes, toothpastes, and travel cases to give to
students or a Social Worker may give to students.
iv. Description and Results of Previous Dental Programs
a. Smiles of Virginia.
i. Visits the school every 6 months.
ii. Provides preventative education and does assessments.
iii. Assess students and categorize students.
a. what students need dental care.
b. what students do not need dental care.
c. what students need urgent dental care.
d. what students need sealants.
2. Fluoride Varnish service every 6 months.
3. Restorative treatment if needed.
a. this year no restorative treatment was needed
4. Refer to other providers if needed
v. Staff’s Knowledge and Awareness of Dental Health
a. Staff have awareness of Dental Health due to education provided every 6
months by Smiles of Virginia.
vi. Other Pertinent Data
B. Dental Health Status
i. Dental Caries
● Describe the caries risk for this population
 o John B. Cary Elementary School is in a low socioeconomic (SES)
area. Due to the school being in a low SES area, we would assume
that the caries risk is higher in these areas in comparison to areas
with moderate SES and high SES.
o School staff did not have adequate knowledge of this information
to accurately document. Attempts to research this topic online did
not yield any specific or pertinent data for the area being assessed.
▪ Only two parents responded to our dental history/dental
knowledge questionnaire form.

ii. Periodontal Disease

● Describe the periodontal disease risk in this population
o The risk for periodontal disease in this population is low due to
their age and dentition (primary or beginning stages of mixed
dentition).
o The risk for gingivitis may be moderate in this population due to
low socioeconomic status and financial resources for supplemental
oral hygiene aids such as mouthwash, floss, fluoride toothpaste,
etc.
▪ School staff did not have adequate knowledge of this
information to accurately document. Attempts to research
this topic online did not yield any specific or pertinent data
for the area being assessed.
▪ Only two parents responded to our dental history/dental
knowledge questionnaire form.

iii. Oral Hygiene

● Describe contributing risk factors to dental health related to this
population
o Low socioeconomic status
o Cafeteria serves fruit juice for breakfast and lunch3
o Cafeteria serves many meals that include carbohydrates such as hot
dog and hamburger buns, pizza, potatoes, tortillas, fries, as well as
popcorn chicken, crispy chicken sandwiches, and pastas.3
iv. Malocclusion
● Students may be transitioning to mixed dentition and 1st molars may not
be fully erupted. Due to low socioeconomic status students are more likely
to not receive orthodontic care.
 o School staff did not have adequate knowledge of this information
to accurately document. Attempts to research this topic online did
not yield any specific or pertinent data for the area being assessed.
o Only two parents responded to our dental history/dental knowledge
questionnaire form.

v. Utilization of Dental Services

a. From the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children’s Health in Virginia,
over 89% of children aged 6-11 years had gone for one or more dental
visits in the past year.5

b. The largest percentage of children (87.2%) who had a preventative dental

visit were non-Hispanic Black. Hispanic children had the lowest
percentage in 2017-2018 at 74.5%.5

vi. Additional Information

a. City of Richmond participates in fluoridated water (0.7 mg/L).2

b. Health Education Standards of Learning (SOL).6

i. VDH has “Smile For Good Health!” Oral Health education

Curriculum for Grades K-5.6

ii. Health Education Standards of Learning (SOL) for the Virginia

Public Schools, provide the framework for instruction of the
knowledge and skills needed for students to lead healthy lives.6

iii. Modules for each grade level with multiple lesson plans.6

Goals and Objectives:

Goal:

To educate first grade students on the importance of oral health, how to use oral health aids,
and how to maintain a healthy mouth.

Objectives:

1. Students will be able to identify four oral health aids necessary for oral hygiene.
2. Students will distinguish at least two foods that aid in cavity production and two foods
that are beneficial to oral health.
3. Students will be able to identify the four types of teeth in the mouth.
Rationale for Program:

To educate students in a low socioeconomic status. Due to low socioeconomic status students
may not be receiving sufficient guidance for proper oral hygiene due to lack of knowledge and/or
financial resources. First grade students are becoming more interested in overall hygiene and
independence. Education on the importance of proper use of hygiene aids.

Program Design:

Pre and Post test:

1. How many times a year should you visit the dentist?

a. none
b. 1 time a year
c. 2 times a year
d. 3 times a year
2.  How many times a day should you brush your teeth?
a. None
b. 1 time
c. 2 times
d. 3 times
3. How long should you brush your teeth? 
a. 1 minute
b. 2 minutes
c. 5 minutes
d. 10 minutes
4. Are cavities good or bad?
a. good
b. bad
5. What do you use to clean between your teeth?
a. toothbrush
b. toothpaste
c. floss
d. mouthwash

Link to Dental History/Knowledge Questionnaire that was sent to students’ parents prior
to lesson plans:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfZ9ho3TWHBx8p6caU7sPTQ-havHc2X2-
3ID8ZfC3ASyfz1AQ/viewform?usp=sf_link

A. Lesson Plans

Tuesday Mar 8, 2022

I. Lesson One -Introduction to the oral cavity and parts of the mouth
 A. 1st graders at John B. Cary Elementary
B. Activity breakdown:
a. Pre-test (will also be our posttest) on their general knowledge of dental
1. How many times a year should you visit the dentist?
2. How many times a day should you brush your teeth?
3. How long should you brush your teeth?
4. Are cavities good or bad?
5. What do you use to clean between your teeth?
b. Parts of our mouth sheet: have students fill out the parts of out mouth sheet -
identify 5 parts of the mouth.7
c. Show types of teeth sheets and introduce the teeth. Then have students color in
“Color by teeth” sheet with corresponding colors for incisors, canines, premolars,
and molars.7

Tuesday, Mar 15, 2022

II. Lesson Two - “Introduction to brushing/flossing of teeth and oral care aids/why
we use them”
A. 1st graders at John B. Cary Elementary, also sending recorded Zoom link to 2nd graders
at
B. Activity breakdown
a. Demonstrate tools needed for oral care and explain what they do/why we
use them: Toothbrush, toothpaste, floss picks, mouthrinse
b. Demonstrate brushing on stuffed dragon
c. Demonstrate flossing (with pipe cleaner) on egg carton “teeth” with play-
doh
d. Worksheet
i. “Things I use to brush my teeth”7

Tuesday, Mar 29, 2022 (Tentative Lesson Plan)

III. Lesson Three - “Introduction to the dental office/what to expect at a visit”
A. 1st graders at John. B Cary Elementary
B. Activity breakdown
a. Play video of Introduction to the Dental Office
i. Demonstrate PPE
ii. Demonstrate instruments
iii. Demonstrate suction, air/water syringe, dental chair, dental light

Tuesday, Apr 5, 2022 (Tentative Lesson Plan)

IV. Lesson Four - “Healthy Eating/Effects of poor nutrition on oral health”
A. 1st graders at John B. Cary Elementary
B. Activity breakdown
 a. Play video of magnet examples of healthy foods/drinks vs foods/drinks to
limit/avoid
i. explain why for each category (ex. caries/”cavity bugs”)
b. Worksheets
i. “Sorting foods”7
c. Post-test

B. Constraints and Alternative Strategies

I. List 3 limitations:
a. No in-person lessons
b. One student is an ESL student
c. Only two parents responded to our dental knowledge/history questionnaire
prior to delivering our lessons

II. List 3 alternatives that address these limitations in order to reduce complications
or the failure to deliver lesson plan
a. Deliver lesson plans through pre-recorded YouTube videos for the teacher
to show on their screen for the students
b. Work with an interpreter, learn Spanish
c. Include parents in lessons to also educate parents on the importance of oral
health.

C. Resources
Lesson Plan #1
● Zoom
● Computer/iPad
● Internet
● Pre-Test (teacher will print out and give to each student)
● Worksheets
o “Parts of our mouth”7
o “Types of teeth”7
o “Color by teeth”7
Lesson Plan #2
● Egg cartons
● Play-doh (Target)
● Pipe cleaners
● Dinosaur typodont
● Toothbrushes
 ● Floss
● Toothpaste
● Zoom
● Computer/iPad
● Internet
● Worksheet
o “Things I use to brush my teeth”7
Lesson Plan #3 (Tentative Lesson Plan)
● Recorded video
● Internet
● Computer/iPad
● Dental operatory
○ chair
○ light
○ suction
○ air/water syringe
○ assistant table
● PPE
○ gown
○ face shield
○ mask
○ gloves
○ loupes
● Patient PPE
○ patient glasses
○ bib
● Instruments
○ Mirror
○ Shepherd's hook explorer
Lesson Plan #4 (Tentative Lesson Plan)
● Recorded video
● Internet
● Computer
● Worksheet
○ “Sorting Foods”7
● Magnetic teeth to show what foods are good for teeth and foods that cause
cavities
● Post-test

D. Budget
 ● $11.30

E. Timetable
● Tuesday, Mar 8, 2022 9:30am-10:00am
● Tuesday, Mar 15, 2022 9:30am-10:00am
● Tuesday, Mar 29, 2022 9:30am-9:50am *to be completed
● Tuesday, Apr 5, 2022 9:30am-9:50am *to be completed

References:

1. Great Schools. (n.d). John B. Cary Elementary. Great Schools.

2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d). Public water system details. Center for
Disease Control and Prevention.

3. Richmond Public Schools. (n.d). School meals. RPS John. B. Cary Elementary School.

4. Hometown Locator. (n.d). John B. Cary Elem Richmond, Va 23221. Virginia Hometown
Locator.

5. Virginia Maternal and Child Health. (n.d). NPM 1.3: Preventative dental visit - pregnancy.
Insight Editor.

6. Virginia Department of Health. (n.d). Curricula for schools. Virginia Department of Health.

7. Fairy Poppins Early Learning Resources. (n.d). Health. Fairy Poppins.