You are on page 1of 19

GUIA PARA EL SERVICIO

EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO
MODERNOS

 






SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


Por: Isaac Hernández
Proyecto_phoenix@hotmail.com

,1',&(

$OOHFWRU3DJ

&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVJHQHUDOHV3DJ

3ULPHURVSDVRVDOGHVDUPDUHOHTXLSR3DJ

/RFDOL]DFLyQGHIDOODVVHJ~QHOVtQWRPD3DJ

/DFDVHWHUD3DJ

0DQWHQLPLHQWRGHODFDVHWHUD3DJ

/DEDQGHMD3DJ

6HUYLFLRDODEDQGHMD3DJ

3XHVWDDSXQWRGHODEDQGHMD3DJ

(OFKDVLVySWLFR3DJ

3URFHVRGHOHFWXUDGHXQGLVFR3DJ

)DOODVHQHO3LFNXS3DJ

3URFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHOFKDVLVySWLFR3DJ

5HYLVLyQGHPRWRUHV3DJ

3URFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHPRWRUHV3DJ

/DVFRUQHWDV3DJ

(OFRQWUROUHPRWR3DJ


,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS



AL LECTOR


(Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV OD WHFQRORJtD HQ HTXLSRV SDUD DXGLR FDVHURV KD LGR
HYROXFLRQDQGRDJUDQHVFDOD/DHOHFWUyQLFDGLJLWDOFRQPLFURSURFHVDGRUHV\FRPSRQHQWHV
GH PRQWDMH VXSHUILFLDO VRQ OR FRP~Q HQ ORV DSDUDWRV PRGHUQRV $WUiV KD TXHGDGR HO
UHSURGXFWRU GH GLVFRV GH DFHWDWR \ VX VHQFLOOH] LJXDOPHQWH HO UHSURGXFWRU GH FLQWDV
PDJQpWLFDV HV \D REVROHWR \ KDQ VLGR DPERV GHVSOD]DGRV SRU HO UHSURGXFWRU GH GLVFRV
FRPSDFWRVHOFXDOHVDKRUDODSDUWHPiVLPSRUWDQWHHQORVVLVWHPDVGHDXGLRSDUDHOKRJDU

+R\HQGtDVHGLFWDQPXFKRVFXUVRVHQORVFXDOHVVHHQVHxDDODOXPQRHOFRPSOHMR
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVDYDQ]DGRVVLVWHPDVHOHFWUyQLFRVTXHFRQIRUPDQHOHTXLSRGHVRQLGR
PRGHUQR 1R REVWDQWH SRFDV YHFHV VH KDEOD GH ODV IDOODV PiV FRPXQHV TXH HVWRV SXHGHQ
SUHVHQWDU\ODPDQHUDGHUHVROYHUHVWDV

&RQHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRQRSUHWHQGRKDFHUFUHHUTXHQRVHUHTXLHUHGHFRQRFLPLHQWRV
DYDQ]DGRV SDUD VHU XQ WpFQLFR UHSDUDGRU VyOR GHVHR WUDWDU HVD RWUD SDUWH GH OD HQVHxDQ]D
TXHVHKDHVWDGRROYLGDQGR\TXHVpTXHPXFKRVHVWiQEXVFDQGR

&RPSUHQGR OR TXH HV YpUVHODV IHDV SDUD UHVROYHU XQD IDOOD DXQ FRQRFLHQGR D
SHUVRQDV TXH SXGLHQGR GDUPH XQ WLS SDUD IDFLOLWDUPH ODV FRVDV SUHILHUHQ QR KDFHUOR SRU
PLHGRDTXHOHV³TXLWHHOWUDEDMR´(QPLRSLQLyQHVWDHVXQDPDQHUDLQFRUUHFWDGHSHQVDU
SXHVGHEHPRVDSUHQGHUDGDUSDUDSRGHUUHFLELU

(VSHUR FRQ HVWD JXtD D\XGDU D WRGRV DTXHOORV DPDQWHV GH OD HOHFWUyQLFD TXH VH
LQLFLDQHQHOFDPLQRFyPRWpFQLFRUHSDUDGRU\FRQHVWRWDPELpQDYDQ]DUHQPLFDUUHUD

 &RQILHVRTXHQRPHODVVpWRGDVSXHVHQHVWDSURIHVLyQVLHPSUHKD\DOJRQXHYRTXH
DSUHQGHUVLQHPEDUJRHVWR\GLVSXHVWRDDVHVRUDUDWRGRDTXHOTXHUHTXLHUDGHXQDD\XGDHQ
VXVFRPLHQ]RV

8QVDOXGRSDUDWRGRV'LRVTXLHUDTXHPLWUDEDMROHVD\XGHJUDQGHPHQWHDSURJUHVDU
HQODHOHFWUyQLFD

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS





CONSIDERACONES GENERALES..

$OWHQHUXQHTXLSRGHDXGLRIUHQWHD (Q RFDVLRQHV WDPELpQ VXFHGH TXH VH


QRVRWURVSDUDVXUHSDUDFLyQRPDQWHQLPLHQWR EXVFD DO WpFQLFR UHSDUDGRU SDUD VROXFLRQDU
HVFRQYHQLHQWHDQWHVGHSURFHGHUDOVHUYLFLR SUREOHPDV TXH UDGLFDQ PiV HQ OD IDOWD GH
KDFHUQRVXQDLGHDGHFyPRVXUJLyODIDOODTXH SHULFLD GHO XVXDULR SDUD PDQHMDUOR TXH HQ
TXHUHPRVVROXFLRQDU HO DSDUDWR $ YHFHV LQFOXVR VH QRV KDEOD GH
3ULPHUDPHQWH FXDQGR OOHJD D IDOODVTXHVyORH[LVWHQHQODLPDJLQDFLyQ
QXHVWUDV PDQRV XQ DSDUDWR VL QR HV QXHVWUR             5HFXHUGR XQD RFDVLyQ HQ TXH XQD
SRU VXSXHVWR GHEHUHPRV HQWUHYLVWDU DO PXMHU WUDWDED GH FRQYHQFHUPH GH TXH HO
FOLHQWHRGXHxRFRQUHVSHFWRDTXpSUREOHPD /(' LQIUDUURMR GH VX FRQWURO UHPRWR HPLWtD
GHVHD TXH VROXFLRQHPRV HQ pO 6H OH OX] YLVLEOH GHVGH TXH IXH FRPSUDGR FRVD
SUHJXQWDUi GH ORV VtQWRPDV TXH SUHVHQWD HO LPSRVLEOH  \ TXH VyOR XQD VHPDQD DWUiV
HTXLSR FyPR IXHURQ HVWRV VXUJLHQGR VL FRQ KDEtD GHMDGR GH KDFHUOR (Q HVWRV FDVRV
HO SDVR GHO WLHPSR R HQ XQ PRPHQWR KHPRV GH H[SOLFDU D QXHVWUR FOLHQWH GH
HVSHFtILFR 6L VRQ FRQVWDQWHV R DSDUHFHQ HQ IRUPD FODUD \ VHQFLOOD FRPR HV UHDOPHQWH HO
IRUPDDOHDWRULD IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDWR
6HJXLGDPHQWH SURFHGHUHPRV D
FRQHFWDUHODSDUDWRDODFRUULHQWH\FRQVWDWDU
QRVRWURV PLVPRV HO PDO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH
PRGRGHKDFHUQRVXQDLGHDSRUPHGLRGHHO
GHVFDUWH GH HQ TXp VHFWRU VH HVWi
SURGXFLHQGRODIDOOD
(V UHDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH WRGR OR TXH
HO GXHxR GH HO DSDUDWR WHQJD TXH GHFLU 6X
LQIRUPDFLyQ QRV D\XGDUi D HQWHQGHU OXHJR
TXpHVORTXHHVWDPRVEXVFDQGR
3RU HMHPSOR VL XQD IDOOD DSDUHFH HQ
IRUPD DOHDWRULD FRPR HQ XQ DSDUDWR TXH D
YHFHV HQFLHQGH \ RWUDV YHFHV QR R TXH OD
SDQWDOODWLWLODVHSRQHRSDFDGHUHSHQWH\VH
DSDJD \ OXHJR HQFLHQGH RWUD YH] PX\
SUREDEOHPHQWH WLHQH XQ SUREOHPD
GH³VROGDGXUDIUtD´R³IDOVRVFRQWDFWRV´3RU
RWURODGRVLODIDOODDSDUHFLyHQXQPRPHQWR
HVSHFtILFR \ QR GHVDSDUHFH GHEHPRV
FRQVLGHUDUTXHKD\XQFRPSRQHQWHGDxDGR



,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS



PRIMEROS PASOS AL DESARMAR EL


EQUIPO.


      $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ GHVFULELUp ORV HVSHUDUTXHDOJ~QFRPSRQHQWHHVWpHQFRUWR
GHWDOOHV D WHQHUVH HQ FXHQWD FXDQGR SRUORWDQWRKHPRVGHKDOODUHVHFRPSRQHQWH
SURFHGHPRV D GHVDUPDU XQ HTXLSR SDUD \UHHPSOD]DUORDQWHVGHFDPELDUORVIXVLEOHV
VXUHSDUDFLyQ 1XQFDVHGHEHUHPSOD]DUORVIXVLEOHV
 SRUXQKLORGHFREUHXRWURIXVLEOHGHPD\RU
D  3ULPHUDPHQWH DO KDEHU TXLWDGR ORV DPSHUDMH \D TXH HVWR SXHGH RFDVLRQDU OD
WRUQLOORV\WDSDVH[WHULRUHVGHXQHTXLSR GHVWUXFFLyQ GH RWURV FRPSRQHQWHV \ DJUDYDU
GHEHPRV   DQWHV GH UHDOL]DU FXDOTXLHU HOSUREOHPD
RWUD DFFLyQ GHVFDUJDU ORV FDSDFLWRUHV GH 
OD IXHQWH GH SRGHU (VWRV QRUPDOPHQWH F  $ YHFHV FRQ VyOR HFKDU XQD PLUDGD
DOPDFHQDQXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHHQHUJtD SRGHPRV KDOODU OD FDXVD GH OD IDOOD R ORV
TXH DXQ GHVSXpV GH GHVFRQHFWDGR HO FRPSRQHQWHVGHIHFWXRVRV
DSDUDWR FRQWLQXD JXDUGDGD \ SXHGH 'HEHUHPRV EXVFDU FRPSRQHQWHV FRQ
RFDVLRQDUGHQRWRPDUVHODVSUHYLVLRQHV DSDULHQFLD GH HVWDU GDxDGRV FRPR
OD GHVWUXFFLyQ GH FRPSRQHQWHV UHVLVWHQFLDVHQODVFXDOHVHOFDORUKDERUUDGR
LPSRUWDQWHV FRUWRFLUFXLWRV R FRPR ORV Q~PHURV R FRORUHV GH LGHQWLILFDFLyQ /DV
PtQLPR XQ EXHQ VXVWR DO WpFQLFR UHVLVWHQFLDV GH DODPEUH D YHFHV VH IUDFWXUDQ
UHSDUDGRU TXH SXHGH UHFLELU XQD /RV FDSDFLWRUHV DO GDxDUVH VXHOHQ GHUUHWLU OD
GHVFDUJDHOpFWULFD FXELHUWD SOiVWLFD H[WHULRU H LQFOXVR DEULUVH \
/D GHVFDUJD GH ORV FDSDFLWRUHV H[SHOHU HO OtTXLGR LQWHUQR /RV GLRGRV
SXHGH UHDOL]DUVH FRQHFWDQGR HQ SDUDOHOR WUDQVLVWRUHV H LQWHJUDGRV VXHOHQ SDUWLUVH
D VXV WHUPLQDOHV XQ ERPELOOR GH : &XDOTXLHU FRPSRQHQWH VRVSHFKRVR GHEH
9 7DPELpQ SXHGH XWLOL]DUVH XQD FDPELDUVHGHLQPHGLDWR
UHVLVWHQFLD GH . : (VWD VH G  8Q SUREOHPD PX\ FRP~Q TXH RFDVLRQD
FRQHFWDUi DO FDSDFLWRU SRU XQ UDWR \ VH IDOODV HQ ORV HTXLSRV HOHFWUyQLFRV HV
FKHTXHDUi FRQ HO PXOWtPHWUR TXH QR OD ³VROGDGXUD GHVSHJDGD´ 3XQWRV GH
KD\DYROWDMH VROGDGXUD TXH VH GHVSHJDQ DO SDUHFHU VLQ
8QD YH] UHDOL]DGR HO SULPHU QLQJXQD FDXVD  1RUPDOPHQWH ORV DSDUDWRV
SDVR SURFHGHUHPRV D HFKDU XQ YLVWD]R D ORV FXDOHV DIHFWD HVWH SUREOHPD FRPLHQ]DQ
DO HVWDGR JHQHUDO GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV \ FRQ IDOODV HVSRUiGLFDV TXH YDQ HQ DXPHQWR
SODFDVGHFLUFXLWRLPSUHVR OOHJDQGR HQ DOJ~Q PRPHQWR HO HTXLSR D

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


E  &KHTXHDUHPRV ORV IXVLEOHV 6L HVWRV DSDJDUVHSRUFRPSOHWR
HVWiQDELHUWRVOyJLFDPHQWHGHEHPRV 





(VFRP~QHVFXFKDUGHORVXVXDULRVTXHDOSUHVHQWDUVHSRUSULPHUDYH]ODIDOODHVWD
SRGtDVROXFLRQDUVHFRQJROSHVOLJHURVDODSDUDWR
5HSDVDUWRGDVROGDGXUDVRVSHFKRVDHVXQSDVRPX\LPSRUWDQWHHQODUHSDUDFLyQGH
HTXLSRVJUDQSDUWHGHORVDSDUDWRVGDxDGRVYXHOYHQDIXQFLRQDUFRQWDQVyORHVWDDFFLyQ
(Q RFDVLRQHV ORV SXQWRV GH VROGDGXUD TXH UHTXLHUHQ VHU UHSDVDGRV HVWiQ D VLPSOH
YLVWDVLQHPEDUJRPXFKDVYHFHVVXFHGHTXHODVROGDGXUDGHIHFWXRVDDSDUHQWDQRHVWDUOR

H   (V GH VXPD LPSRUWDQFLD FKHTXHDU HO HVWDGR GH WRGDV ODV SODFDV GH FLUFXLWR LPSUHVR
0XFKDVYHFHVSRUODDFFLyQGHXQJROSHSXHGHKDEHUVHURWRDOJXQDGHODVSLVWDVHQHVWDV
7DPELpQVXHOHVXFHGHUTXHOtTXLGRVGHUUDPDGRVVREUHHODSDUDWRKD\DQVXOIDWDGRODVOtQHDV
GHFREUHWHUPLQDQGRHVWDVSRUDEULUVH







/2&$/,=$&,Ï1'()$//$66(*Ò1(/6Ë1720$

(VWDV VRQ DOJXQDV GH ODV IDOODV PiV FRPXQHV TXH VH SUHVHQWDQ HQ ORV HTXLSRV GH
VRQLGRPRGHUQRV

‡ &XDQGRHODSDUDWRQRHQFLHQGH&KHTXHDUHQFKXIHFDEOHWUDQVIRUPDGRUIXVLEOHV
6LORVIXVLEOHVHVWiQDELHUWRVEXVFDUXQSRVLEOHFRUWRHQHODPSOLILFDGRUGHSRWHQFLD
RODIXHQWH$YHFHVHVWDIDOODVHSURGXFHSRUVROGDGXUDGHVSHJDGDVHGHEHUHSDVDU
ODVROGDGXUD\FRQHODSDUDWRFRQHFWDGRFKHTXHDUORVYROWDMHV
‡ (OOHGGHVWDQGE\HQFLHQGH\DOSUHVLRQDU³SRZHU´HOGLVSOD\HQFLHQGHSRUXQ
LQVWDQWH\OXHJRVHDSDJD&RPSUREDUTXHHOVtQWRPDVLJXHDXQGHVFRQHFWDQGRODV
FRUQHWDVSXHVSRGUtDQHVWDVHVWDUHQFRUWR (ODSDUDWRVHDSDJDSRUSURWHFFLyQ 
 6L SHUVLVWH OD IDOOD GH VHJXUR WHQHPRV XQ FRUWR HQ ODV VDOLGDV R HQ OD IXHQWH GH
HVWDV
‡ (QFLHQGHHOGLVSOD\\IXQFLRQDQWRGDVODVWHFODVSHURQRKD\VRQLGR&KHTXHDU
ODV FRUQHWDV \ VXV FDEOHV GH FRQH[LyQ 'H HVWDU HVWRV HQ EXHQ HVWDGR KD\ XQ
SUREOHPDHQHODPSOLILFDGRUGHSRGHU 7UDQVLVWRUHVGHSRWHQFLDRLQWHJUDGRV RVX
IXHQWH

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


‡ (QFLHQGH HO DSDUDWR FRUUHFWDPHQWH \ DO DXPHQWDU HO YROXPHQ VH DSDJD SRU
FRPSOHWR R VH GHVFRQHFWD HO VRQLGR (VWR HV PX\ SUREDEOHPHQWH XQ SUREOHPD
HQORVSDUODQWHV7DOYH]VHDXQRVRORHOGDxDGRFRPSUXHEHFXDOHV\VXVWLW~\DOR
$VHJ~UHVHWDPELpQTXHQRKD\DVROGDGXUDGHVSHJDGD
‡ $OJLUDUHOFRQWUROGHYROXPHQHVWHQRUHVSRQGHRDFW~DHQIRUPDFRQWUDULDD
ORGHELGR&XDQGRHVWRVXFHGHHODSDUDWRQRUPDOPHQWHIXQFLRQDFRUUHFWDPHQWHFRQ
HO FRQWURO UHPRWR (VWD IDOOD HV GHELGD DO SRWHQFLyPHWUR VXFLR R GHVJDVWDGR 'HEH
VDFDUVH SDUD VHU GHVDUPDGR \ OLPSLDGR FRQ D\XGDQWH PHFiQLFR R OtTXLGR OLPSLD
FRQWDFWRV

/$&$6(7(5$

(QORVHTXLSRVPRGHUQRVGHDXGLRSDUDHOKRJDUHQFRQWUDPRVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDOD
UHSURGXFFLyQGHFLQWDVPDJQpWLFDVPD\RUPHQWHRSHUDGRVHQIRUPDHOHFWUyQLFD8QSHTXHxR
PRWRU GH 9ROWLRV MXQWR D XQ SDU GH VROHQRLGHV PDQHMDQ XQ FRPSOLFDGR VLVWHPD GH
HQJUDQDMHV \ SROHDV GH DFXHUGR D ODV RUGHQHV TXH UHFLEHQ GHO PLFUR HO FXDO D VX YH] HV
PDQHMDGRSRUHORSHUDGRUSRUPHGLRGHXQJUXSRGHWHFODVHQHOSDQHOIURQWDORDWUDYpVGHO
FRQWUROUHPRWR
7RGR HVWH VLVWHPD PHFiQLFR HQ SDUWH SRU VHU PDQHMDGR HOHFWUyQLFDPHQWH HV PX\
VXVFHSWLEOHDODVIDOODV
/DKXPHGDG\ HOSROYR /DV DUDxDV UDWRQHV FXFDUDFKDV \ VREUHWRGR HO H[FHVR GH
XVR SURSLFLDQ TXH ODV FDVHWHUDV VHDQ GH ODV SDUWHV TXH PiV VH GDxDQ HQ ORV HTXLSRV GH
VRQLGR


&RP~QPHQWH FXDQGR OD FDVHWHUD FRPLHQ]D D IDOODU SRGHPRV RtU DO HQFHQGHU HO
DSDUDWRXQVRQLGRGHFODFNFODFNFODFN HQHTXLSRV621<\$,:$PiVTXHWRGR (VWH
HV GHELGR D TXH ODV JRPDV GHO PHFDQLVPR HQWUH XQD \ FLQFR GHSHQGLHQGR GHO PRGHOR 
\D QR SRVHHQ OD IXHU]D VXILFLHQWH SDUD OOHYDU D ORV FDEH]DOHV D VX SRVLFLyQ GH LQLFLR \ HV
LQGLFDWLYRGHTXHKDOOHJDGRODKRUDGHUHDOL]DUXQPDQWHQLPLHQWR
(QRFDVLRQHVDOHVWDUODVJRPDVPX\EODQGDV\HVWLUDGDVVXFHGHTXHDOLQWURGXFLUXQ
FDVVHWWH SDUD VX UHSURGXFFLyQ HVWH OOHJD D VRQDU SHUR OXHJR VH TXHGD DWDVFDGR \ QR
SRGHPRVDEULUODSXHUWHFLOODSDUDVDFDUOR/DDFFLyQTXHQRUPDOPHQWHUHDOL]DHOSURSLHWDULR
DQWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQHVVDFDUHOFDVVHWWHDODIXHU]DFRQORTXHDYHFHVORJUDGDxDUDOJXQDV
SLH]DVGHOLFDGDVRHQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVVDFDUODVGHVXVLWLR

/D DFFLyQ FRUUHFWD HQ HVWRV FDVRV HV TXLWDU ODV WDSDV ODWHUDOHV DO HTXLSR \ JLUDU
PDQXDOPHQWH \ HQ VX GLUHFFLyQ QRUPDO ODV SROHDV TXH PXHYHQ HO VLVWHPD D VX SXQWR GH
LQLFLR ODVPiVJUDQGHV KDVWDTXHODWDSDGHODFDVHWHUDSXHGDVHUDELHUWDQRUPDOPHQWH
/XHJR GH HVWR OyJLFDPHQWH QR GHEH LQWURGXFLUVH RWUR FDVVHWWH KDVWD TXH VH KD\D
KHFKRHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRDGHFXDGRDOPHFDQLVPR

0$17(1,0,(172

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS



3DUD UHDOL]DU HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH OD FDVHWHUD GHEHPRV GHVDUPDU SRU FRPSOHWR HO
HTXLSR\VHSDUDUHVWDGHOSDQHOIURQWDO(VWHHVXQSURFHVRWHGLRVR\FRPSOLFDGR'HEHPRV
FXLGDU GH QR JROSHDU QLQJXQD GH ODV SODFDV QL OD EDQGHMD GH &'CV (V LPSRUWDQWH
GHVFRQHFWDU FRQ FXLGDGR ORV FDEOHV GH HVWD ~OWLPD \ WHQHU FXLGDGR GH QR PDOWUDWDU HO
IOH[LFDEOH TXH FRQHFWD OD FDVHWHUD FRQ OD WDUMHWD GH FRQWURO (VWH IOHMH R FDEOH IOH[LEOH HV
PX\ GHOLFDGR \ FXDOTXLHU GREOHV R ³KDOyQ´ SXHGH SURGXFLU TXH VH IUDFWXUH LQWHUQDPHQWH
DOJXQDGHVXVSLVWDVSURGXFLpQGRVHOXHJRIDOODV
$OLQWURGXFLUORQXHYDPHQWHHQVXVRFNHWVHGHEHFXLGDUTXHVHGHVOLFHVXDYHPHQWH
GHPRGRTXHORVFRQWDFWRVQRVHGREOHQDOHQWUDU
/DV DYHUtDV HQ HVWH IOHMH VyOR VRQ SURGXFLGDV SRU HO SHUVRQDO GH VHUYLFLR SXHV VL
QDGLHORWRFDQXQFDVHGDxDUi1RDVtFRQHOTXHFRQHFWDDOOHFWRUySWLFR SLFNXS FRQOD
WDUMHWDFRQWURODGRUD3HURGHHVWHKDEODUHPRVPiVDGHODQWH
&XDQGR\DKHPRVVDFDGRODFDVHWHUDGHEHPRVSURFHGHUGHHVWDPDQHUD

a) /LPSLDUODFRQXQDEURFKDSDUDTXLWDUGHHOODHOSROYR\FXDOTXLHUWLSRGHVXFLHGDG
b) 8WLOL]DQGROtTXLGROLPSLDFRQWDFWRVOLPSLDUHOFDEH]DO\ODYDULOODPHWiOLFDGRQGHVH
DSR\DHOURGLOORWUDWDQGRGHHOLPLQDUGHHOORVFXDOTXLHUUDVWURGHPXJUH\y[LGR
c) 'H KDEHU SLH]DV PHFiQLFDV R UHVRUWHV TXH VH KDQ VDOLGR GH VX VLWLR GHEHQ VHU
FRORFDGRVQXHYDPHQWH
d) &KHTXHDUORVFDEOHVTXHWUDQVSRUWDQODVVHxDOHVGHOFDEH]DO(VWRHVSRUTXHKD\XQD
FRVWXPEUHJHQHUDOL]DGDHQWUHORVUDWRQHVGHPDVWLFDUFDEOHVFXDQGRHVWiQODGLOODGRV
(QRFDVLRQHVWDPELpQHVWRVFDEOHVVHGHVSHJDQGHOFDEH]DO
e) 6XVWLWXLU ODV JRPDV (VWDV SRU OD JUDQ IXHU]D TXH GHEHQ VRSRUWDU WLHQGHQ D
DEODQGDUVH \ HVWLUDUVH 0XFKDV YHFHV VXFHGH TXH VH GDxHQ DXQ VLQ VHU XWLOL]DGDV
GHELGRDOFDORU\RWUDVFDXVDV

3DUDVXVWLWXLUODVGHEHQVDFDUVHGHOPHFDQLVPR(QRFDVLRQHVSDUDHVWRHV
QHFHVDULRGHVPRQWDUHOPRWRUGH9ROWLRV
 8QDYH]VHSDUDGDVGHOPHFDQLVPRGHEHQVHUVXVWLWXLGDVSRURWUDVQXHYDVXQ
SRFRPiVSHTXHxDVSHURQRGHPDVLDGRSXHVVLTXHGDQPX\DSUHWDGDVHOFRQMXQWR
QRIXQFLRQDUiFRUUHFWDPHQWH
f) 'H VHU QHFHVDULR VH FKHTXHDUi HO PRWRU GHO PHFDQLVPR (VWH FRQ IUHFXHQFLD DO
GDxDUVHVHGHWLHQHSRUFRPSOHWRJLUDUDEDMDYHORFLGDG\FRQSRFDIXHU]D7DPELpQ
VXHOHQFDOHQWDUVHHQH[FHVR
(QFDVRGHHVWDUGDxDGRVHSURFHGHUiDFDPELDUORWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHHO
QXHYRDVHUFRORFDGRVHDGHOPLVPRYROWDMH\JLUR L]TXLHUGRRGHUHFKR 


g) 8Q SUREOHPD PX\ FRP~Q HQ ORV HTXLSRV GH OD PDUFD 621< \ $,:$ HV TXH D OD
SXHUWD GH OD FDVHWHUD VH OH GHVSUHQGD OD SHTXHxD SURWXEHUDQFLD FLOtQGULFD TXH OD
GHWLHQHDOFHUUDUVH
(VWR SXHGH VHU VROXFLRQDGR LQWURGXFLHQGR HQ HVH PLVPR OXJDU SHUR HQ

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


VHQWLGRFRQWUDULRXQWRUQLOORGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVTXHVLPXOHODSLH]DGDxDGD
1RUPDOPHQWHORVFDVVHWWHVWUDHQWRUQLOORVFRQODVGLPHQVLRQHVSUHFLVDVSDUDUHDOL]DU
HVWHSURFHGLPLHQWR
'HEHUHDOL]DUVHHVWRFRQPXFKDH[DFWLWXGSDUDTXHIXQFLRQH

/$%$1'(-$

(V LQGXGDEOH TXH OD EDQGHMD GH &'CV HV OD SDUWH TXH PiV WUDEDMD HQ ORV
HTXLSRVGHVRQLGRGHELGRDTXHJHQHUDOPHQWHODUHSURGXFFLyQGHGLVFRVFRPSDFWRV
HVODIXQFLyQPiVXWLOL]DGDHQHOORV
(O SROYR HO FDORU \ OD KXPHGDG DVt FRPR HO QRUPDO GHVJDVWH GH ODV SDUWHV
PHFiQLFDVSRUHOURFH\ODLQWHUDFFLyQGHIXHU]DVHQWUHHOODVSURYRFDQTXHDYHFHV
HQ PX\ SRFR WLHPSR GH XVR DSDUH]FDQ XQD VHULH GH IDOODV HQ HVWH PHFDQLVPR ODV
FXDOHVSXHGHQLUGHVGHGLILFXOWDGSDUDFDPELDUORVGLVFRVRDEULU\FHUUDUODEDQGHMD
KDVWDODWRWDOLQXWLOL]DFLyQGHHVWD

6(59,&,2

&XDQGR FRPHQ]DPRV D REVHUYDU IXQFLRQDPLHQWRV HUUiWLFRV HQ OD EDQGHMD
&RPR SUREOHPDV SDUD FDPELDU XQ GLVFR GLILFXOWDG SDUD DEULU R FHUUDU HWF (V
QHFHVDULROOHYDUDFDERXQSURFHVRGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRHQHVWDSDUWHGHOHTXLSRGHOD
PDQHUDVLJXLHQWH

a) (VWDQGR HO DSDUDWR DSDJDGR SURFHGHU D UHWLUDU ODV WDSDV ODWHUDOHV \ VXSHULRU GH
HVWH
b) 2EVHUYDQGR SRU GHEDMR GH OD EDQGHMD JLUDU PDQXDOPHQWH HO HQJUDQDMH EODQFR
TXH OD KDFH DEULUVH HQ HTXLSRV $,:$ \ 621< GH FGCV  KDVWD TXH TXHGH
WRWDOPHQWHGHVFXELHUWDODSDUWHIURQWDOGHSOiVWLFR
c) 5HWLUDUHOIURQWDOGHODEDQGHMD\OXHJRFHUUDUOD
d) 4XLWDUWRGRVORVWRUQLOORVTXHODVRVWLHQHQ
e) 5HWLUDUFRQVXPRFXLGDGRORVGRVIOH[LFDEOHVGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ\FRQWURO
f) 6HSDUDUODEDQGHMDGHHOFXHUSRGHOHTXLSR
g) +DFLHQGR JLUDU QXHYDPHQWH HO HQJUDQDMH DQWHV PHQFLRQDGR DEULUOD \ OOHYDUOD
PDQXDOPHQWHKDVWDVXPi[LPRGHDEHUWXUD
h) 'HVFRQHFWDUHOIH[LFDEOHGHHOPRWRUGH³GLVFFKDQJH´
i) 5HWLUDUWRWDOPHQWHODEDQGHMDFRQHOFDUUXVHOSRUWD&'VOLEHUDQGRODVGRV³XxDV´
PDUFDGDV$HQOD)LJXUD





,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


j) 
)LJXUD



8QDYH]UHDOL]DGRHVWHGHVDUPHVyORUHVWDKDFHUGRVFRVDV
D 5HWLUDUODVGRVJRPDVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQXQDHQFDGDXQDGHODVSLH]DVVHSDUDGDV\
UHHPSOD]DUODVSRURWUDVQXHYDVGHOPLVPRWDPDxR\JURVRU VLTXHGDQPX\WHQVDVQR
IXQFLRQDUDFRUUHFWDPHQWH 

E /XEULFDU FRQ JUDVD WRGDV ODV SDUWHV TXH LQWHUYHQJDQ HQ SURFHVRV GH IULFFLyQ (V
LPSRUWDQWH OD OLPSLH]D GHO PHFDQLVPR \ VX FRUUHFWD OXEULFDFLyQ SDUD TXH IXQFLRQH
DGHFXDGDPHQWH


38(67$$38172'(/$%$1'(-$

8QD YH] UHDOL]DGR HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH OD EDQGHMD GHEH HVWD VHU DUPDGD GH OD
PDQHUDFRUUHFWDFRPRVLJXH

a) &RORFDUHOHQJUDQDMHD]XO % KDFLHQGRFRLQFLGLUODVPDUFDV & WDOFRPRVHLQGLFD


HQODILJXUD

b) 'HVSOD]DU OD SLH]D DPDULOOD '  KDFLD OD GHUHFKD OD SODWDIRUPD GHO SLFNXS OiVHU
GHEHTXHGDUDEDMR


,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


c) 6RVWHQLHQGRHVWRVVHLQWURGXFHODEDQGHMDGHOFDUUXVHOKDVWDTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQORV
GLHQWHVGHOHQJUDQHOLQHDOFRQHOHQJUDQDMHFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH

d) 0RYHUPDQXDOPHQWHHOHQJUDQDMHEODQFRGHVGHODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOPHFDQLVPR ( 
KDVWD LQWURGXFLU WRWDOPHQWH OD EDQGHMD \ OD SODWDIRUPD GHO 3LFNXS OiVHU VXED D VX
SRVLFLyQGHOHFWXUD

 6LHOPHFDQLVPRHVWDFRUUHFWDPHQWHDMXVWDGRDOVHJXLUJLUDQGRHOHQJUDQDMH ( OD
EDQGHMDGHEHVDOLU\ODSODWDIRUPDSHUPDQHFHUHQODSRVLFLyQGHOHFWXUD DUULED 
(VDFRQVHMDEOHUHDOL]DUODRSHUDFLyQFRQWRGRHOFRQMXQWRIXHUDGHOHTXLSR

(/&+$6,6237,&2

&XDQGRSRGDPRVQRWDUTXHDOHVWDUXQGLVFRUHSURGXFLpQGRVHDEDMRYROXPHQHVWH
VXHQD SHUIHFWDPHQWH SHUR OXHJR DO LQFUHPHQWDUVH HO YROXPHQ VH FRPLHQ]DQ D SURGXFLU
FRUWHVHQODP~VLFDFRPRFXDQGRHOGLVFRHVWi³UDOODGR´(VWRHVXQLQGLFLRGHDJRWDPLHQWR
HQHOSLFNXS )LJXUD
(Q HO FKDVLV ySWLFR WHQHPRV WUHV HOHPHQWRV PX\ LPSRUWDQWHV HVWRV VRQ (O PRWRU
UDGLDOHOVHUYRRPRWRUJLUDGLVFRV\HOSLFNXS YHUSXQWRV'&\$HQODILJXUD (O
SURFHVRSDUDFKHTXHDUHOHVWDGRGHORVGRVPRWRUHVHVUHODWLYDPHQWHVHQFLOOR\ORH[SOLFDUp
PiV DGHODQWH 6LQ HPEDUJR GHVHR SRQHU PX\ HQ FODUR TXH HQ HOORV QR HV FRP~Q TXH VH
SUHVHQWHQIDOODV\HVHOSLFNXSHOHOHPHQWRPiVSUREOHPiWLFRGHOFKDVLVySWLFR


352&(62'(/(&785$'(81',6&2

'HPDQHUDPX\VHQFLOODSURFHGHUpDGHVFULELUHOSURFHVRPHGLDQWHHOFXDOVHUHDOL]D
ODOHFWXUDGHXQGLVFRHQXQHTXLSRUHSURGXFWRUGH&'CVGHPRGRTXHHOOHFWRUDOYHUXQD
IDOODSXHGDKDFHUVHXQDLGHDGHHQTXpOXJDUGHOSURFHVRHVWiRFXUULHQGRHVWD
(OPRGRHQTXHIXQFLRQHXQUHSURGXFWRUGHGLVFRVHVHOVLJXLHQWH
3ULPHUR FXDQGR VH GD OD RUGHQ GH ³SOD\´ D XQ GLVFR \D XELFDGR HQ HO SODWR HO
PLFURSURFHVDGRUFRPRSULPHUDDFFLyQOHHHOHVWDGRGHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHILQGHFDUUHUDTXHVH
HQFXHQWUD PRQWDGR HQ OD EDQGHMD ySWLFD PDUFDGR , HQ OD )LJXUD   GHWHFWDQGR TXH HO
SLFNXSVHHQFXHQWUHHQHOILQGHVXFDUUHUDPHFiQLFDKDFLDHOFHQWURGHOGLVFR
6LHOSLFNXSVHHQFXHQWUDOHMRVGHOILQGHFDUUHUDORVFRQWDFWRVHVWiQDELHUWRV\HO
PLFURSURFHVDGRU SRU VX FDQDO GH FRPXQLFDFLRQHV  OH RUGHQD DO VHUYR TXH HQFLHQGD HO
PRWRUUDGLDOFRQGLUHFFLyQKDFLDHOFHQWURGHOGLVFR(QHOPRPHQWRHQTXHORVFRQWDFWRVVH
FLHUUDQVHVXVSHQGHHOPRYLPLHQWR\GHLQPHGLDWRVHLQYLHUWHSRUXQWLHPSRGHWHUPLQDGRGH
PRGR TXH HO SLFNXS VH HVWDFLRQH VREUH HO GLVFR XQ SRFR DQWHV GH OD 72& 7DEOH RI
&RQWHQW RWDEODGHFRQWHQLGR(QHVWHSXQWRFRPLHQ]DVLHPSUHODOHFWXUDGHXQGLVFRQXHYR
8QD YH] HQ HVWH SXQWR ODV ERELQDV GH IRFR HQ HO SLFNXS PXHYHQ OD OHQWH KDFLD
DUULED\DEDMRDOPLVPRWLHPSRTXHVHHQFLHQGHHOOD]HU6LHOUHIOHMRGHOOD]HUHQHOGLVFR
ORJUDVHUHQIRFDGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHHQORVIRWRGLRGRVXELFDGRVHQHOSLFNXSSDUDWDOIXQFLyQ

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


HOVHUYRJLUDGLVFRVUHFLEHODRUGHQGHGDUHOSULPHURGHVXVWUHV³JLURVLQLFLDOHV´

6L FRQ OD D\XGD GH XQR GH HVWRV JLURV VH ORJUD OD OHFWXUD GH OD 72& R WDEOD GH
FRQWHQLGRV ODFXDOFRPRVXQRPEUHORLQGLFDHVODSDUWHGHOGLVFRTXHGLFHDOPLFURTXp
LQIRUPDFLyQKD\HQpO (QSDQWDOODDSDUHFHUiQORVGDWRVGHOGLVFRHQFXHVWLyQ\FRPLHQ]D
VXUHSURGXFFLyQ
'H RFXUULU XQD IDOOD HQ FXDOTXLHU SDUWH GH HVWH SURFHVR VH SURGXFLUi HO DERUWR GHO
SURJUDPD GH DUUDQTXH SURFHGLpQGRVH DO FDPELR GH GLVFR HQ HTXLSRV GH YLULRV &'CV KDVWD
TXHDOQROHHUVHQLQJXQRVHGDUiHOPHQVDMHGH³1RGLVF´³(UURU´HWF
(VLPSRUWDQWHFKHTXHDUTXHWRGRVHVWRVSURFHVRVVHOOHYHQDFDER/OHYDQGRHOSLFN
XSPDQXDOPHQWHKDVWDODSDUWHPiVH[WHUQDSRVLEOHHQFLHQGDHOHTXLSR\YHDTXHHOSLFNXS
VHPXHYHOOHJDDVXWRSH\OXHJRVHSURGXFHHOPRYLPLHQWRGHOOHQWH\HOHQFHQGLGRGHO
OD]HU
/XHJRFRORFDQGRXQGLVFRFKHTXHTXHVHSURGXFHQORVWUHV³JLURVLQLFLDOHV´

)$//$6(1(/3,&83

/DVIDOODVGHELGDVDODJRWDPLHQWRRDODIDOWDGHFXLGDGRHQODOLPSLH]DGHOSLFNXS
YDQSURGXFLpQGRVHGHPDQHUDSURJUHVLYDGHVGHODUHSURGXFFLyQFRQFRUWHVGHODVFDQFLRQHV
DOSULQFLSLRVyORFRQPXFKRYROXPHQ 3DVDQGRSRUUHSURGXFLUVyORGLVFRVRULJLQDOHVKDVWD
OOHJDUDOSXQWRHQTXHQROHHQLQJXQR
6LKHPRVFKHTXHDGRTXHWRGRHOSURFHVRGHOHFWXUDGHOGLVFRRFXUUHSHURQXQFDVH
ORJUDOHHUOD72&HVLQGLFDWLYRGHTXHODEDQGHMDySWLFDQHFHVLWDPDQWHQLPLHQWR
8QD IDOOD PX\ FRP~Q TXH VXHOH DWULEXtUVHOH DO SLFNXS HV OD TXH SURGXFH HO
IOH[LFDEOHTXHFRQHFWDDOSLFNXSDODWDUMHWDTXHORFRQWUROD(VWHFDEOHSRUHVWDUVRPHWLGR
DXQFRQVWDQWHPRYLPLHQWROOHJDDOSXQWRHQTXHVHIUDFWXUDQLQWHUQDPHQWHXQDRYDULDVGH
VXVSLVWDVSURGXFLHQGRUHSURGXFFLyQFRQFRUWHVGHORVWHPDVRKDVWDODQRUHSURGXFFLyQGH
ORVPLVPRV
(VWHIOH[LFDEOHGHEHVHUVDFDGR\SUREDGRFRQXQPXOWtPHWUR8QLQGLFLRGHTXHOD
IDOODHVWiHQHVWHFDEOH\QRHQHOSLFNXSHVHOTXHORVVDOWRVHQHOGLVFRVyORRFXUUDQHQODV
XOWLPDVFDQFLRQHVRVyORHQORVSULPHURVWHPDV
7DPELpQRFXUUHTXHDOHVWDUGDxDGRHOIOH[LFDEOHQRRFXUUDHOHQFHQGLGRGHOOD]HUHO
PRYLPLHQWRGHOOHQWHRDPEDVFRVDV

352&(',0,(1723$5$/$5(&83(5$&,Ï1'(/&+$6,6Ï37,&2

(QOD)LJXUDVHPXHVWUDXQFKDVLVWtSLFRGHXQOHFWRUOiVHUTXHVLELHQVXHOHQ
SUHVHQWDUYDULDQWHVGHGLVHxRVHJ~QODPDUFD\PRGHORGHOHTXLSR HVWHHVHOPiVXVDGRHQ
HTXLSRV$,:$\621< EiVLFDPHQWHHQVXDVSHFWRJHQHUDOHVPX\VLPLODUDOXVDGRHQOD
JUDQPD\RUtDGHORVHTXLSRV
 (O FKDVLV SXHGH VHU PHWiOLFR R SOiVWLFR (Q pO HVWiQ PRQWDGRV DGHPiV GHO OHFWRU
OiVHU $ HOPRWRUGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRRUDGLDO 6/('  ' HOPRWRUGHJLURGHGLVFR 63,1
& TXHLPSXOVDHO&'HOFRQMXQWRGHHQJUDQDMHVUHGXFWRUGHYHORFLGDG * TXHPXHYHHO

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


OHFWRUOiVHUVREUHHOULHOGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWR ) 


,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


)LJXUD

)LJXUD


 3DUD SRGHU UHDOL]DU XQD FRUUHFWD UHYLVLyQ HV QHFHVDULR GHVFRQHFWDU \ GHVPRQWDU HO
FKDVLVGHOSLFN8S/iVHUVHSDUiQGRORFRQFXLGDGRGHOUHVWRGHOPHFDQLVPRGHOHTXLSR
$O GHVPRQWDUOR HV DFRQVHMDEOH UHYLVDU ELHQ HO HVWDGR GH ORV VRSRUWHV DPRUWLJXDGRUHV GHO
FKDVLV + /RVFXDWURVHDQGHFDXFKRRGHDFHURGHEHQHVWDUHQEXHQHVWDGR\FRQLJXDO
HODVWLFLGDG
'HVPRQWDUORVHQJUDQHV\YHULILFDUFXLGDGRVDPHQWHVXHVWDGRSUHIHULEOHPHQWH FRQ

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP



SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


XQDOXSD$VHJXUiQGRVHGHTXHQRWHQJDQGLHQWHVGDxDGRV\TXHQRH[LVWDQSDUWtFXODV
H[WUDxDVHQWUHHOORVTXHSXHGDQREVWUXLURHQWRUSHFHUVXPRYLPLHQWR
 6L HV QHFHVDULR OLPSLDUORV XVDU XQ FHSLOOR SDUD UHPRYHU OD JUDVD \ VXFLHGDG
DFXPXODGDHQHOORV1DGDPHMRUSDUDOLPSLDUORVGLHQWHVGHORVHQJUDQHVTXHXQFHSLOOR
GHQWDO
/XHJR UHWLUDU OD EDUUD R ULHO GH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR )  \ OLPSLDUOD ELHQ (Q DOJXQRV
FKDVLVVHXWLOL]DQGRVGHHVWRVULHOHV
5HWLUDUFRQFXLGDGRHOSLFN8S/iVHU $ \SURFHGHUDOLPSLDUODVXSHUILFLHGHO
OHQWHXVDQGRXQSHTXHxRKLVRSRKXPHGHFLGROLJHUDPHQWHHQOLTXLGRSDUDOLPSLH]DGHOHQWHV
GHFiPDUDDOFRKROLVRSURStOLFRROLTXLGROLPSLDGRUGHOHQWHVGHFRQWDFWR )LJXUD 
 5HDOLFHODOLPSLH]DFRQVXDYLGDGHQIRUPDGHHVSLUDOGHVGHHOFHQWURKDFLDIXHUD
)LJXUD 
3DUDODOLPSLH]DLQWHUQDHVUHFRPHQGDEOHDSOLFDUDLUHDSUHVLyQSUHIHULEOHPHQWHGHOWLSRHQ
VSUD\HVSHFLDOPHQWHIRUPXODGRSDUDHTXLSRVHOHFWUyQLFRVHOFXDOQRFRQWLHQHKXPHGDG


)LJXUD

)LJXUD



5HYLVLyQGHORVPRWRUHV

 +DFHUJLUDUORVPRWRUHVPDQXDOPHQWHYHULILFDQGRTXHORKDFHQFRQVXDYLGDG
0RYHUHOHMHHQIRUPDODWHUDOSDUDYHULILFDUTXHQRWHQJDQGHVJDVWHH[FHVLYRHQHO
FDVTXLOOR ( HQHVSHFLDOHOPRWRUGHJLUR 63,1  & 
6LWLHQHGHVJDVWHH[FHVLYRHVQHFHVDULRUHHPSOD]DUHOPRWRU
0HGLUODUHVLVWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHDPERVPRWRUHV/DOHFWXUDGHEHHVWDUHQWUH\
RKPFRQHOPRWRULQPyYLO GHELGRDTXHVHWUDWDGHPRWRUHVGHEDMRYROWDMHODWHQVLyQ
DSOLFDGDSRUDOJXQRVPXOWtPHWURVSXHGHKDFHUORVJLUDU\ODOHFWXUDQRVHUiFRUUHFWD VLHV

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


QHFHVDULRVXMHWDUHOHMHPLHQWUDVVHWRPDODPHGLFLyQ
6LODOHFWXUDVREUHSDVDORLQGLFDGRYHUHO3URFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODUHFXSHUDFLyQGH
PRWRUHV
 5HYLVDUHOHVWDGRGHOLQWHUUXSWRU PDUFDGR,HQOD)LJXUD YHULILFDQGRTXHDO
FHUUDU WHQJD  FHUR  RKP HQWUH VXV WHUPLQDOHV 6L SUHVHQWD UHVLVWHQFLD DOJXQRV RKPLRV 
SURFHGHUDOLPSLDUORDSOLFiQGROHXQEXHQOLPSLDGRUGHFRQWDFWRVHQVSUD\
3URFHGLPLHQWRSDUDODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHPRWRUHV

 8QDGHODVIDOODVWtSLFDVGHORVPRWRUHVGHJLUR\GHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHUHSURGXFWRUHV
GH&'HVODDFXPXODFLyQGHSDUWtFXODVGHFDUEyQVREUHODVGHOJDVGHOFROHFWRUORFXDO
GLILFXOWDHOFRQWDFWRGHODVHVFRELOODV
 (VWRVHSXHGHGHWHFWDUFRQIDFLOLGDGPLGLHQGRODUHVLVWHQFLDHOpFWULFDHQWUHORV
WHUPLQDOHVGHOPRWRUHVWDQGRHVWHGHVFRQHFWDGRGHOUHVWRGHOFLUFXLWR
 /DOHFWXUDGHEHVHUGHDRKPVLODOHFWXUDHVPD\RUHVPX\SUREDEOHTXHHO
FROHFWRUHVWpVXFLR(VWRRULJLQDGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHIDOODVTXHVXHOHQJHQHUDOFRQIXVLyQ
 3DUDOLPSLDUHOFROHFWRU\ODVHVFRELOODVGHORVPRWRUHVHVQHFHVDULRTXHHVWRVHVWpQ
VHSDUDGRVGHODSODFDGHFLUFXLWRLPSUHVRGRQGHHVWiQFRQHFWDGRVSDUDSRGHUDFFHGHUDVXV
WHUPLQDOHV\DORVRULILFLRVTXHHVWiQHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHORVPLVPRV6HxDODGRVFRPR-
HQOD)LJXUD
 $WUDYpVGHHVRVRULILFLRVVHDSOLFDXQSRFRGHOLPSLDGRUGHFRQWDFWRVHQVSUD\GH
EXHQDFDOLGDG12,QIODPDEOHHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHVHDSOLFDFRQXQDIXHQWHH[WHUQDXQD
WHQVLyQGHD9'&DORVWHUPLQDOHVGHOPRWRUGXUDQWHWUHVRFXDWURVHJXQGRV
6HUHSLWHODDSOLFDFLyQGHXQSRFRGHOLPSLDGRUGHFRQWDFWRVHQVSUD\\VHYXHOYHDDSOLFDU
ODIXHQWHGXUDQWHRWURVWUHVRFXDWURVHJXQGRVSHURHVWDYH]LQYLUWLHQGRODSRODULGDGSDUD
KDFHUJLUDUHOPRWRUHQVHQWLGRFRQWUDULR
0HGLUQXHYDPHQWHODUHVLVWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHOPRWRUVLSUHVHQWDXQYDORUHQWUH\
RKPSURFHGHUDLQVWDODUOR\SUREDUOR6LODOHFWXUDQRFRUUHVSRQGHHVSRVLEOHTXHWHQJD
TXHVHUUHHPSOD]DGR
(VWDWpFQLFDVHSXHGHDSOLFDUWDPELpQSDUDVROXFLRQDUSUREOHPDVFRQRWURVPRWRUHV
GHOPHFDQLVPRFRPRORVGHFDUJDURWDFLyQGHEDQGHMD 'LVFFKDQJH HWF
5HHQVDPEODGR
 8QDYH]UHDOL]DGRVWRGRVORVSDVRVGHUHYLVLyQ\OLPSLH]DLQGLFDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWH
VHGHEHSURFHGHUDUHHQVDPEODUWRGRHOFRQMXQWRVLJXLHQGRHVWDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
$OFRORFDUHO3LFN8S/iVHU\HOULHOGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVHGHEHYHULILFDUODDOWXUD
HQWUHHOSODWRGHWUDFFLyQ % HQFDUJDGRGHVXMHWDUHOGLVFR\HOOHFWRUOiVHU $ \DTXHVL
HOSODWRWUDFFLyQVHKDGHVSOD]DGRHQHOHMHGHOPRWRUGHJLURSXHGHSUHVHQWDUSUREOHPDV
GLYHUVRVGHELGRDODGLILFXOWDGTXHWHQGUiHOOHFWRUSDUDORJUDUFRUUHFWDPHQWHHOSXQWRGH
HQIRTXHVREUHODVXSHUILFLHGHOGLVFR
(VHSUREOHPDVXHOHSUHVHQWDUVHFRQIUHFXHQFLDHOHTXLSRVSRUWiWLOHVGHOWLSRHQORV
TXHHO&'VHFDUJDPDQXDOPHQWHSRUXQDWDSDHQODSDUWHVXSHULRUGHOHTXLSR
 'HELGRDTXHSXHGHUHFLELUJROSHVRSUHVLyQH[FHVLYDSRUSDUWHGHOXVXDULRVREUHOD


,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


WDSDGHOFRPSDUWLPLHQWRRFDVLRQDQGRHOGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHOSODWR % HQHOHMHGHOPRWRU
 /DDOWXUDGHOSODWRFRQUHVSHFWRDOOHFWRUOiVHUGHEHVHUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHD
PP\ODIRUPDPiVSUDFWLFDGHYHULILFDUORHVXWLOL]DUXQDPRQHGDFX\RJURVRUHVWH
GHQWURGHHVDVPHGLGDV
 &RORFDQGRODPRQHGDVREUHHOOHFWRUOiVHU $ VXFDUDVXSHULRUGHEHHVWDUDOPLVPR
QLYHOGHODVXSHUILFLHSODWR % GRQGHDSR\DHO&'
 $QWHVGHFRORFDUQXHYDPHQWHORVHQJUDQHVYHULILFDUTXHHO3LFN8S/iVHUVHGHVOL]D
VLQQLQJ~QWLSRGHREVWUXFFLyQDORODUJRGHOULHOGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWR
 /D EDUUD R ULHO GH GHVSOD]DPLHQWR QR UHTXLHUH OXEULFDFLyQ VROR HV QHFHVDULR
DVHJXUDUVHGHTXHHVWpOLPSLD
 $OFRORFDUORVHQJUDQHVHQVXOXJDUVLHVQHFHVDULRGHEHQOXEULFDUVHFRQXQSRFRGH
JUDVDVXDYHGHEXHQDFDOLGDG
 $SOLFDUWDPELpQXQDPX\SHTXHxDJRWDGHDFHLWHOXEULFDQWHILQRGHEXHQD
FDOLGDGHQHOHMHGHOPRWRUGHJLUR & 
 8QDYH]DUPDGRWRGRHOFRQMXQWR\DQWHVGHLQVWDODUORHQHOHTXLSRHVFRQYHQLHQWH
SUREDU HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR GHO OHFWRU OiVHU FRQHFWDQGR XQD IXHQWH GH 9'& DO PRWRU GH
GHVSOD]DPLHQWR '  SDUD YHULILFDU TXH HO PRYLPLHQWR GHO OHFWRU D OR ODUJR GH WRGR HO
UHFRUULGR HV VXDYH \ FRQVWDQWH HQ XQD \ RWUD GLUHFFLyQ FDPELDQGR OD SRODULGDG GH OD
IXHQWH 
 &XDQGRHOFRQH[LRQDGRGHOFKDVLV\RHOOHFWRUOiVHUXWLOL]DIOH[LFDEOHVHV
FRQYHQLHQWHUHYLVDUORVPX\ELHQSULQFLSDOPHQWHHOTXHFRQHFWDHOOHFWRUOiVHUSXHVVXHOH
VHUHOTXHPiVGHGDxDSRUHVWDUVRPHWLGRDPRYLPLHQWRFRQWLQXR
/DVIDOODVLQWHUPLWHQWHVSRUSLVWDVFRUWDGDVHQORVFRQGXFWRUHVSODQRVVXHOHQVHU
IUHFXHQWHV\ORVVtQWRPDVPX\YDULDGRV
 $OUHYLVDUORVSXHGHGDUVHHOFDVRGHTXHSDUH]FDHVWDUELHQ6LKD\GXGDVHVPHMRU
UHPSOD]DUORSRUXQRQXHYR

 5HDOL]DQGRHVWRVSURFHGLPLHQWRVVHVXHOHQGHWHFWDU\VROXFLRQDUHQPXFKRVFDVRV
PXFKDV GH ODV IDOODV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ OD UHSURGXFFLyQ \R OHFWXUD GHO &' $Vt FRPR
WDPELpQSUHYHQLUSRVLEOHVIDOODVIXWXUDVDFRUWRSOD]R








/$6&251(7$6



,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


/DV FRUQHWDV R DOWDYRFHV WLHQGHQ D GDxDUVH FRQ IDFLOLGDG GHELGR D TXH HVWiQ
VRPHWLGDVDDOWDVFRUULHQWHVTXHDWUDYpVGHHOODV VRQ WUDQVIRUPDGDV HQ FDORU \
PRYLPLHQWR
(VFRP~QHQHOODVTXHODERELQDVH³TXHPH´SRUHOJUDQWUDEDMRTXHGHEHVRSRUWDU
&XDQGR HVWR VXFHGH OD FRUQHWD VXHOH HPLWLU RORU D PDWHULDO TXHPDGR \ D YHFHV KXPR
DGHPiVGHSHUGHU³YROXPHQ´\QLWLGH]HQHOVRQLGRRLQFOXVRDSDJDUVHSRUFRPSOHWR
7DPELpQSXHGHVXFHGHUTXHGHMHGHVRQDUFXDQGRVHDXPHQWDHOYROXPHQGHELGRD
TXHHODODPEUHGHODERELQDVHIUDFWXUH
(Q FLHUWRV PRGHORV GH HTXLSRV DO HVWDU XQD FRUQHWD GDxDGD HVWH VH DSDJD
DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH SRU PHGLR GH XQ VLVWHPD GH SURWHFFLyQ LQWHUQR TXH GHWHFWD HO H[FHVR GH
FRQVXPRHQODVDOLGD(VWRHVFRQHOILQGHHYLWDUTXHHODSDUDWRVXIUDPD\RUHVGDxRV
&XDQGR HVWR VXFHGH HV UHFRPHQGDEOH GHVFRQHFWDU XQR GH ORV EDIOHV \ SUREDU FDGD
XQRSRUVHSDUDGR\DTXHWDOYH]VHDXQRVRORHOGDxDGR
(VWDIDOOD TXHHOHTXLSRQRHQFLHQGDRVHDSDJXHDODXPHQWDUHOYROXPHQ WDPELpQ
SXHGHVHUSURGXFLGDSRUVROGDGXUDGHVSHJDGDR³IDOVRVFRQWDFWRV´HQHOLQWHULRUGHOHTXLSR
SRUORTXHVHGHEHVHUFXLGDGRVRDOPRPHQWRGHGDUXQGLDJQRVWLFR
3RU XOWLPR XQ FRQR GH FRUQHWD URWR RFDVLRQD TXH HVWD SURGX]FD XQ VRQLGR
GLVWRUVLRQDGRVREUHWRGRDDOWRVYRO~PHQHV
&XDOTXLHU IDOOD TXH VHD GHWHFWDGD HQ ORV DOWDYRFHV LPSOLFD TXH HVWRV GHEHQ VHU
UHSDUDGRV6LQRHVWiGLHVWURHQODUHSDUDFLyQ\HQFRQDGRGHFRUQHWDVSURFHGDDUHWLUDUODV
PLVPDVGHVXFDMDDF~VWLFD\OOHYDUODVDXQHVSHFLDOLVWDTXHUHDOLFHHVWHWUDEDMR
'HLJXDOPDQHUDVLOHSDUHFHIDFWLEOHSXHGHUHHPSOD]DUODVSRUXQDVQXHYDVHQHVWH
FDVRDVHJ~UHVHGHHVFRJHUXQDVGHEXHQDFDOLGDG

(/&21752/5(0272

8QD GH ODV SDUWHV PiV XWLOL]DGDV \ TXH VXIUH PD\RU GHVJDVWH HQ ORV HTXLSRV GH
VRQLGRHVVLQGXGDHOFRQWUROUHPRWR
)UHFXHQWHPHQWH SRGHPRV YHU FyPR HVWRV VRQ PDOWUDWDGRV SRU HO XVXDULR
WHUPLQDQGRSRUVHUGDxDGRVGHIRUPDLUUHSDUDEOHPX\UiSLGDPHQWHGHELGRDOH[FHVRGHXVR
$XQDVtFRQXQEXHQFXLGDGRHOFRQWUROUHPRWRSXHGHWHQHUXQDYLGD~WLOPX\ODUJD
+HDTXtODVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVQHFHVDULDVSDUDVXUHSDUDFLyQ\PDQWHQLPLHQWR


/DVIDOODVPiVFRPXQHVHQHOFRQWUROUHPRWRVRQ

,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP




SERVICIO EN EQUIPOS DE SONIDO MODERNOS


a) 6ROGDGXUD GHVSHJDGD /R FXDO RFDVLRQD TXH D YHFHV QR IXQFLRQH \ KDVWD OOHJD D
LQXWLOL]DUVHSRUFRPSOHWR
b) &RQWDFWRVGHOD V EDWHUtD V R[LGDGRV'HELGRDODKXPHGDGRDTXHORVFRQWDFWRV
GHODEDWHUtDVHKDQVXOIDWDGR'HEHQVHUSXOLGRVFRQSDSHOGHOLMD\HVPDOWDGRVFRQ
HVWDxR
c) /RV ERWRQHV VyOR IXQFLRQDQ FXDQGR VRQ SUHVLRQDGRV PX\ IXHUWHPHQWH (VWR
VXFHGH FXDQGR ODV JRPDV KDQ SHUGLGR HO UHFXEULPLHQWR FRQGXFWRU TXH SRVHtDQ
([LVWHXQHVPDOWHHVSHFLDOTXHVHYHQGHHQODVWLHQGDVGHHOHFWUyQLFDSDUDVROXFLRQDU
HVWHSUREOHPD6LQHPEDUJRHQDXVHQFLDGHHVWHUHFXUVRSRGHPRVSHJDUDOLQYHUVR
GH ODV WHFODV SHTXHxRV FtUFXORV GH SDSHO PHWDOL]DGR FRPR HO TXH VH KDOOD HQ ODV
FDMDVGHFLJDUUR 
$GHPiVGHHVWRVHGHEHUHDOL]DUXQDOLPSLH]DJHQHUDOGHOFRQWUROGHVDUPDQGRHVWH\
XWLOL]DQGROtTXLGROLPSLDFRQWDFWRVHQVXLQWHULRU
/DKXPHGDGHQODVPDQRVGHOXVXDULRVVXHOHSHQHWUDUKDVWDODWDUMHWDGHFLUFXLWR\VXOIDWDU
ORVFRQWDFWRV(VWRSXHGHHYLWDUVHFRORFDQGRDOFRQWUROXQIRUURHVSHFLDOSDUDHVWR








,VDDF+HUQiQGH]SUR\HFWRBSKRHQL[#KRWPDLOFRP





You might also like