Professional Documents
Culture Documents
stranice i kutovi
C
svaka stranica trokuta manja je od zbroja ostalih dviju stranica
γ
a<b+c , b<c+a , c<a+b
b a
α + β + γ = 180°
α β
A c B
težišnica
dužina koja spaja vrh trokuta s polovištem nasuprotne stranice
težišnice trokuta sijeku se u jednoj točki koju zovemo težište, T
težište dijeli svaku težišnicu u omjeru 2 : 1 računajući (gledano) od vrha
duljine težišnica
1 1
ta = ⋅ 2 ⋅ ( b 2 + c 2 ) − a 2 = ⋅ b 2 + c 2 + 2 ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ cos α
tc
2 2
1 1
tb = ⋅ 2 ⋅ ( c 2 + a 2 ) − b 2 = ⋅ c 2 + a 2 + 2 ⋅ c ⋅ a ⋅ cos β
b a
T
2 2
ta tb
1 1
c tc = ⋅ 2 ⋅ ( a 2 + b 2 ) − c 2 = ⋅ a 2 + b 2 + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ cos γ
2 2
visina
okomica spuštena iz vrha trokuta na suprotnu stranicu
visine trokuta sijeku se u jednoj točki koju zovemo ortocentar, O
b a 1
O P=
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
va vc vb
+ + ⋅ + − ⋅ + − ⋅ + −
c va vb vc vb vc va vc va vb va vb vc
2 2
va = ⋅ s ⋅ ( s − a ) ⋅ ( s − b ) ⋅ ( s − c ) , vb = ⋅ s ⋅ ( s − a ) ⋅ ( s − b ) ⋅ ( s − c )
a b
2 a+b+c
vc = ⋅ s ⋅ ( s − a ) ⋅ ( s − b ) ⋅ ( s − c ) , s =
c 2
stranice trokuta odnose se kao recipročne vrijednosti visina trokuta
1 1 1
a :b : c = : :
va vb vc
simetrala kuta
pravac koji raspolavlja unutarnji kut trokuta
simetrale kutova sijeku se u jednoj točki koja je središte trokutu upisane kružnice
duljine odsječaka simetrala kutova unutar trokuta
b ⋅ c ⋅ ( b + c ) − a 2
2
1 α 2 ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ s ⋅( s − a)
sα = = ⋅ 2 ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ cos =
sγ b+c b+c 2 b+c
a ⋅ c ⋅ ( a + c ) − b 2
2
b a
1 β 2 ⋅ c ⋅ a ⋅ s ⋅ ( s − b)
O sβ = = ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ c ⋅ cos =
a+c a+c 2 c+a
sα sβ
a ⋅ b ⋅ ( a + b ) − c 2
2
c
1 γ 2 ⋅ a ⋅b ⋅ s ⋅( s − c)
sγ = = ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ cos =
a+b a+b 2 a+b
1
n
a m:n=c:b
simetrala kuta dijeli nasuprotnu stranicu u omjeru preostale
b
m
dvije stranice
sα
c
m:n=c:b
kosinusov poučak
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ cos α , b 2 = c 2 + a 2 − 2 ⋅ c ⋅ a ⋅ cos β , c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ cos γ
b2 + c2 − a2 c 2 + a 2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c 2
cos α = , cos β = , cos γ =
2⋅b ⋅c 2⋅c⋅a 2⋅ a ⋅b
sinusov poučak
a b c
= = = 2 ⋅ R, R − polumjer opisane kružnice
sin α sin β sin γ
a b a c b c
= , = , = , a = 2 ⋅ R ⋅ sin α , b = 2 ⋅ R ⋅ sin β , c = 2 ⋅ R ⋅ sin γ
sin α sin β sin α sin γ sin β sin γ
tangensov poučak
α +β α −β β +γ β −γ
( a + b ) :( a − b ) = tg : tg , ( b + c ) : ( b − c ) = tg : tg
2 2 2 2
γ +α γ −α
( c + a ) :( c − a ) = tg : tg
2 2
polumjer upisane kružnice
α β γ a+b+c
r = ( s − a ) ⋅ tg = ( s − b ) ⋅ tg = ( s − c ) ⋅ tg , s=
2 22 2
s a+b+c
r= , s=
α β γ 2
4 ⋅ cos ⋅ cos ⋅ cos
2 2 2
polumjer opisane kružnice
a b c
R= = =
2 ⋅ sin α 2 ⋅ sin β 2 ⋅ sin γ
a ⋅b ⋅c
R= , P − površina trokuta
4 ⋅P
kutovi u trokutu (α + β + γ = 180°)
sin
α
=
( s − b) ⋅ ( s − c) , sin
β
=
(s − a) ⋅ (s − c) , sin
γ
=
( s − a) ⋅( s − b)
2 b⋅c 2 a⋅c 2 a ⋅b
α s ⋅(s − a) β s ⋅ ( s − b) γ s ⋅ (s − c)
cos = , cos = , cos =
2 b⋅c 2 a ⋅c 2 a ⋅b
tg
α
=
( s − b) ⋅ ( s − c) = r , tg
β
=
(s − a) ⋅ (s − c) = r
2 s ⋅( s − a) s−a 2 s ⋅ ( s − b) s −b
tg
γ
=
( s − a ) ⋅ ( s − b) = r
2 s ⋅ (s − c) s−c
a+b+c
r-polumjer upisane kružnice , s =
2
2
srednjica