Intro to Computing

Ammber Nosheen
Lecture 1
 What is a Computer?

 Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations according

to a set of instructions, or programs.

The computer
 first, Accepts data such as
raw facts, figures, and symbol
 then, Processes data into
information (Data that is
organized, meaningful, and useful
)
 finally, Produces and stores
results
 Types of Computers

1. Desktops /PCs
2. Laptops/
Notebooks
3. Smartphones
4. Tablets
Basic components of computer system
 Input Unit
 It accepts (or reads) the list of instructions and data from the outside world

 Output Unit
 It accepts the results produced by the computer which are in coded form and hence cannot be easily understood by us.

 Storage Unit
 All the data to be processed and
the instruction required for processing (received from
input devices).
 Central Processing Unit
 CPU is also called “Brain of Computer” and responsible for all internal events of computer.

 Arithmetic &Logic Unit

 ALU, where all actual execution of instructions take place and all calculations and all comparisons(Decision) performed.

 Control Unit
 Control Unit act as Central Nervous System and manage coordination the entire computer system.
How Computer Internal working
proceed???
Processing Cycle
What is Data

 Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements.

 It can be numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just
descriptions of things.
Data
 Hardware

 Computer hardware is the physical parts or

components of a computer, such as the monitor,
mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk
drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards,
memory, motherboard, and so on.
 The most important piece of hardware is called
the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor.
It's the "brain" of your computer—the part that
translates instructions and performs calculations.
Hardware Devices
 The Components of a Computer
11
What is an input device?
_____
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
 The Components of a
12
Computer
What is an output device?
______
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user
 The Components of a
13
What is the system unit?
Computer
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
 14 What is the magical inside the
black box?

Memory Video
card Card

Power
Suppl
y

Sound
Card
 The Components of a Computer
15

What are two main components on the motherboard?

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Also called a processor
Carries out instructions
that tell computer what to do

 Memory
Temporary holding place for data
and instructions
 The Components of a
16
What is storage?
Computer
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use

Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
 Software

 Software refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell

the hardware what to do.

 Types of software:
(1) Applications software
(2) Systems software

 The operating system (OS) is a system software that

manages your computer and the devices connected
to it. Windows is a well-known operating system.
APPS VS. APPLICATIONS

 According to David Sidwell , the expert roundtable consensus was that the
difference centered around functionality.
 App = Software designed for a single purpose and performs a single function.
 Application = Software designed to perform a variety of functions.

Value
 Apps = If an app stops working, it sucks, but life goes on.
 Applications = If your application stops working, it likely
causes you to stop working.(so,Application has more
value)
 Applications Software

 Applications software are computer software designed to help the user to perform
singular or multiple related specific tasks.
 Application Software utilizes the capacities of a computer directly to a dedicated
task.
 Application software is able to manipulate text, numbers and graphics.
 It can be in the form of software focused on a certain single task like word
processing, spreadsheet or playing of audio and video files.
 Other Application Software

 Graphics Software: Application software that manipulates images. It is more

commonly known as the Image Editor.
 Multimedia Software: the software that incorporates images, text, sound, computer
animation and video sequence.
 Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw: These are very popular image editors.
 Windows Movie Maker: A simple and easy to use multimedia software bundled
with your window OS (XP and higher)
 Windows Media Player, Winamp, Power DVD, VLC, etc.:These software are used
to listen to music and watch videos.
 Tally: A software package widely used in India for accounting purposes.
 Adobe Page Maker: Desktop publishing software used for creating magazines,
books, news, letters and so on.
 Application Software

 Applications Software, (Basic (Purpose of Applications are to

facilitate the user)
 The reason you buy a computer ,Applications let you do stuff
 Two major categories
 Business
 Personal