NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

Task 1: Investigating near misses

Question 1
1. Manager have to explain to that experienced worker that if we do not investigate
the near miss, some major accident can occur, our workers & Public will be
morally demotivated and it will badly affect the work process.
2. Investigation of near miss have potential of saving time and money for an
organization. As in scenario near miss occurred, if that near miss changed into
accident, it would cause the human injury, loss of productive time and financial
resources of the company.
3. Regulation 5 of health and safety at workplace 1999 (Health and Safety Executive,
HSE) requires that organizations are required to plan, control and review their
health arrangements and make changes accordingly. HSG245 titled
“Investigating Accidents and Incidents” provides legal obligation to
investigation.
4. Near Miss incidents reporting and investigation is proactive strategy for the
company to prevent that may result in illness termed as accident.
5. The manager should press on the point that the worker who is reporting the near
miss will not be named. This will encourage the workers to report the near miss
incidents.
6. Near miss investigation will provide further opportunity for training and feedback
and will result in continues improvement in Health & Safety system.
7. The manager should explain to the worker that if near miss are reported and
investigated, this would avoid the blame game as company is putting a positive
trend and precaution for safety workers and public.
8. Proper Investigation of near miss help the management to identify the immediate
causes to find out what are the root causes of near miss, which helps to
prevent the future accidents.
9. Near miss investigation shows the lack of current risk controls measures and we
can find out the mistakes in implementation of risks control.
10. According to the statistics of Health and Safety Executive, it has been reported
that for one accident there are 90 near miss. If near miss are reported and action
is taken to prevent further occurrences, we might be able to control an accident
that could happen in future.
11. The health and safety policy and safe system of work for any company need
continuous improvement and near miss reporting is one the factor that can
identify the hazards and deficiencies in the system. So it plays an important role
in development of policies and implementation of health and system.
12. Risk assessment at workplace play an important role in health and safety
system of the company and near miss reporting and investigation will help to
improve the risk assessment at of the company.

Task 2: Temporary actions and long-term administrative control measures

Question 2 (a)
1. The gate opening should only be allowed after the completion of safety meeting to
prevent the repetition of same incident. As in scenario it’s observed that gate was
opened before completion of meeting.
2. Trained worker should be designated in waste skips area to help public to avoid
any king of incident or accident.
3. Access to waste skips should not be obstructed in any way so members of public
can easily dispose of their waste. As mentioned in scenario skips are inaccessible
to the public and 1.2 meter high from the ground.
4. There should be a lock on gate and should not be permitted to open without

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 manager approval.
5. It should be compulsory for all the workers to attend the daily briefing and no one
should be allowed to leave the meeting until its finish.
6. Safety signs should display immediately so workers and public are reminded of
possible hazards and precautionary measures.

Question 2 (b)
1. The manager should prepare standard operating procedures for Recycling and
Reuse Centre and conduct and brief training of all SOPs for all the workers.
2. The manager should ensure that workers are trained weekly regarding the tasks
they need to carry out and briefed standard operating procedure to be followed to
perform the tasks.
3. The manager should involve all experienced workers for monthly risk assessment
of all the activities that are carried out in Recycling and Reuse centre. As
mentioned in scenario experienced worker was aware of similar incidents
happened in past.
4. Emergency Drills should be conducted regularly in work area to ensure that
workers have ample training to respond in case of emergency.
5. Health & Safety policies should be revised according to current risk profile of
Recycling and Waste disposal centre because it has been mentioned in scenario
that Health and Safety policy is 6 years old and not updated since 2015.
6. A well-trained supervisor should be hired and deployed who would ensure that
workers are carrying out their tasks as standard operating procedures and
following the Health & Safety policy. We can observe from the scenario that there
is no supervision of the activity.
7. High risk area and in Recycling and waste disposal centre should be identified by
the manager and should be ensured that public is not allowed to enter those
areas.
8. A trained worker should permanently deploy to assist the public in disposing the
waste from the vehicle to the particular waste skips according to the type of
waste.
9. Recommended weight chart should be designed and displayed at the entrance and
also near the waste skips. And weight measuring system should installed which
calculate and indicate the safe limits of weight.
10. Instruction chart of safe handling of bags should be displayed around the waste
disposal centre.
11. Proper Barricading and segregation should be implemented and worker should be
trained to collect the waste bags from public and dispose in the required bin to
avoid the manual handling by the public.

Task 3: Learning lessons from incidents

Question 3
Following are the reasons for the learning lessons from Incidents of recycling and reuse
centre.
1. Such incidents in the recycling and reuse centre present us with opportunities to
learn and we will be wasting those opportunities if we don’t learn from these
incidents and if we don’t improve our work system accordingly.
2. As seen in scenario that an experienced worker had irresponsible behaviour thus
behaviour of workers should be changed gradually by conducting Health &
Safety trainings.
3. We can find out the root causes of accidents and incidents which could be used to
update the health and safety policies of the company.
4. We can determine the trends and pattern of safety incidents by using the
incidents and any past experiences to look for the challenges that we would be

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 facing in future.
5. The incidents can be used to improve the health and safety policies of the
company. Safe system of work should be devised by keeping in view the past
incidents.
6. Learning from safety incidents and taking proper actions will increase the
reputation and standard of the company in competitive market.
7. If there are accidents reported the recycling and reuse centre could face legal or
public prosecution and fines for not maintaining the standards for health and
safety standards. There fore it should learn from incidents and ensure the
practical implementation of Health and Safety system.
8. There are multiple hazardous and risk activities near the deep skips. So, work
instructions should be reviewed and updated according to current situation for
safe system of work to avoid future accidents.
9. Every near miss or incident or accident should be reported to the management
either its minor or major, so safety controls can be applied accordingly.
10. The recycling and reuse centre is a common place for public visits and any
incidents will negatively impact the reputation of the centre and public will avoid
using of that centre.

Task 4: Enforcing administrative risk control measures with safety signs

Question 4
Its very important for Recycling and Reuse centre to have road safety and health and
safety signs in order to protect workers and members of public from any hazards the are
present at site.
Prohibition Signs
 No Pedestrians: The Pedestrians would be prohibited to enter the site as we have
learned from the scenario that only vehicles are allowed to enter in the recycling
centre.
 No Parking: Parking should not be allowed at the main entrance gate of the
recycling centre because it might result in disturbance to the other vehicles
entering the site.
 No Overtaking: Overtaking in the premises should not be allowed.
 No Smoking: Smoking Should not be allowed at specific areas where there is
chance of fire there for no smoking sign should be displayed.
Warning Signs
 Speed limit sign: Maximum speed limit should be defined for the site and
appropriate sign should be displayed.
 Speed Breaker Sign: These signs should be installed where ever is required as
mentioned in scenario there are speed retarders on the road in recycling centre.
 One Way Traffic Sign: As mentioned in scenario that inside recycling centre there
is one way road system, so one way traffic sign should be displayed.
 No U-Turn sign: It is recommended that U-turn should not be allowed near bridge
area to avoid any vehicle collisions.
 CCTV Cameras Sign: it is stated in scenario that area has CCTV cameras
installed so signage of cameras should be displayed.
 Waste category label: according to the scenario the waste skips have been
categorized according to the type of waste be deposited so garbage skips should
have labels of the category of wate it would contain.
 Flammable Material Sign: Flammable material should be labelled as with display
of appropriate sign.
PPE Health & Safety Signs
 Safety Goggles: This sign should be displayed in any area where there is chance
of hazardous / toxic material entering eyes. As we can see in scenario there is

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 chemical disposal skips, so goggle sign should be displayed there. Also, on metal
disposal skips.
 Dust Mask Sign: This sign should be displayed near all Skips to avoid inhaling
dust while disposing waste into the skips.
 Safety Boots and Helmet: This sign should display at the whole site at different
locations. And all the workers should be using this PPE during there activity.
Emergency Signs
 Emergency Exit Sign: This sign should be displayed on all escape routes which
can be used in case of emergency. Also, this sign should be displayed in the
activity areas which can direct workers and public towards the emergency exits.
 First Aid Kit: First Aid Kit should be labelled wherever they are placed inside the
site, so workers and public can use them when required.

Task 5: Recycling and reuse centre health and safety culture

Question 5 (a)
Some Positive Health & Safety Culture of the recycling and reuse centre as based on
scenario are:
1. It can be seen from the scenario that the manager is committed to health and
safety of the workers and general public and he gives a weekly update at
leadership team management meeting.
2. It is important to mention that the higher management is actively participating in the
health and safety matters of the centre by checking the performance and by
cooperating with the manager on general matters.
3. The recycling centre has health and safety policy which is implemented by the
manager and if there is any need for updating the policy it is informed to the
managing director.
4. The scenario shows that the workers are aware of the health and safety focus by
the manager. This will encourage workers to follow health and safety policy of the
organization.
5. The presence of risk assessment report in workers room, which were compiled with
the help of workers are an indication that site risks assessment is carried out
regularly.
6. The Manager is maintaining a positive attitude by encouraging workers about
realistic feedback on operational and administrative procedures and any new risks
that have not been documented before.
7. The workers know that manager visits the workplace regularly and they take
special care of health and safety matters and this encourage them to follow the
standard operating procedures.
8. The scenario shows that the manager is observant and the worker are regularly
asked about wearing the personal protective equipment.
9. The management is serious about the concerns of the workers, this can be seen
from the fact that he replaced the faded PPE signs at the centre on the request of
worker.
10. The workers are encouraged about the housekeeping of the workplace and they
are motivated to keep it tidy, and the are upset to see anything out of place.
11. The manager chairs the monthly meeting with nominated trained representative,
this shows that company is continuously improving the health and safety system.
12. Implementation of health and safety system at working place is taken seriously
due to the fact that at the start of each day the manager holds a health and safety
briefing with the workers.
13. The manager is vigilant and he knows how to handle emergency situations, this
can be seen in scenario when he took immediate actions to rectify the near miss
incident.
14. The centre care about public health and safety which can be seen from the fact

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 that the manager comforted and enquired about the health and safety of the
public member who was involved in the near miss.
15. It is important the near miss is taken seriously by the manager and he discuses
this with the experienced worker in order to improve existing health and safety
measures taken by the centre.
16. It is evident from the scenario that CCTV cameras are installed at centre would
encouraging the worker to comply with health and safety regulations and policies.

Question 5 (b)
Following are the negative indicators of Health and Safety Culture Observed on
Recycling and Reuse Centre.

1. An inexperienced and un-trained worker opened the entrance gate without

authorization before the end of daily safety meeting which result in safety incident.
2. The time for safety meeting should have been managed properly to ensure that the
regular works of the centre commence after the safety meeting and should end
before 8:00 AM which is opening time for the centre.
3. Standard operating procedures and H&S policies of centre have not been revised
since 2015, which shows that SOPs and health policies are not regularly updated
according to the requirements.
4. Workers are not following the existing Health and Safety polices and work
procedures.
5. It is mentioned in the scenario that there has not been any emergency drill or
practice before the incident occurred.
6. Experienced worker mentioned that such near miss has occurred several times and
never been reported.

Task 6: Information given to contractors before starting work

Question 6
Health and Safety Induction Information that manager is likely to give is the following:

1. The Health and Safety policies of recycling centre would be explained to the
contractor.
2. The manager will inform the contractor of any possible hazards that would be
related the repair work of sign boards.
3. The Manager would inform the contractor of the areas they are not authorized to
enter.
4. The manager must inform the contractor of any emergency exit areas and
assembly areas in case of fire or any other kind of emergency.
5. The contractor would be told of hazards related to their work of repair, so they are
not harmed at site during the work.
6. The manager will inform the contractor of designated smoking area and hazards of
smoking at restricted areas that might result the start of fire.
7. Contractor should be informed about the layout of workplace which also includes
rest rooms, entry and exit and security measurements.
8. Contractor should be informed regarding the location of first aid kits and fire
extinguishers.
9. It is important to include traffic plan of the site and any speed limits relevant to the
site.
10. Contractor should be told about incident reporting system and importance of
reporting near miss incidents.
11. The induction training should include the emergency reporting procedure and
emergency numbers in case of any emergency.
12. The induction training should include the use of appropriate personal protective

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 equipment that should be worn during the work to be carried out.
13. The company policy regarding house keeping should be informed to the
contractor.
14. It is important to brief about the hazardous materials or equipment that the
contractor would be using.

Task 7: The manager’s reasoning for a health and safety policy review

Question 7
According to email in the scenario there are several factors that might have contributed to
the review of policy.

1. Firstly, the incident which happened near the garbage skips showed the manager
that there is need for improvement in the safety policy or recycling centre and he
was determined to bring a change in health and safety policy in order to avoid the
re-occurrence of safety incident.
2. One of the important reasons is that health and safety policy that was previously
under use had not been updated since 2015 and there was a need that policy
should be updated according to the new requirements and changes of procedures
at work.
3. The local health and safety legislation has a requirement that the organization
should review the health and safety policies and rewrite or replace it.
4. The health and safety policy of organization usually changes or update when the
management of the organization changes. As mentioned in the email that new
managers promoted for this recycling centre, so new managers can propose
changes in policy according to his idea of working and mindset.
5. It’s important part of health and safety policy to ensure the work force is aware of all
the site hazard and are able to carry out their tasks minimizing risks associated
with work. It is evident from the near miss and statement of experienced worker
that there a need to change the health and safety policy.
6. There is need of change in current policy due to the fact that the recycling centre
has procured new skip moving vehicles that operate around the skips and
therefore the work force has to change the working practices and processes, so
the nature of risk has changed which required that policy need to be updated
accordingly
7. As manager mentioned in the email that workers are complaining that work
procedures are actually followed on ground and procedure written in old policy are
different. Which means a change in Health & Safety policy and work procedures
is required.
8. The Recycling centre has been served an enforcement order which means it
should review and modify the existing HSE policy as per legal requirements which
would address the current practical and administrative things.
9. If there any changes in legislation then the policy should review and updated
according to the new requirements.
10. There is a change that observed in the use of technology in recycling centre, so
the policy should be updated accordingly.

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021

 Documen HSG245
ts and Exame Scenario
sources NEBOSH IG1 Text Book (Element 3.1)
of Positive and negative safety culture.
informati NEBOSH IG1 Text Book (Element 1.3)
on you Contractor Management
used in Health & Safety Executive
your
https://www.hse.gov.uk/leadership/review.htm
examinati
on Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Investigation of accidents other incidents
https://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/
safetytm/chemcode/15.htm

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0008-ENG-OBE-V1 Oct21 © NEBOSH 2021