Algebraic Expressions

Prayer

Let us remember that we

are in the Most Holy Presence
of God.
In the name of the Father, and
of the Son and of the Holy
Spirit, amen.

St John Baptiste de La Salle, pray for

us.Live Jesus in our hearts, forever.
 Dates to Remember

August 18, 2021 – Algebraic Expressions (synchronous)

August 23, 2021 – Rational Expressions (synchronous)
August 25, 2021 – Asynchronous
August 30, 2021 – Holiday
September 1, 2021 – Module 1 (Online Quiz)
Desired Learning Outcome
1. Demonstrate the operations for algebraic expressions.

Topics
 Properties of Algebraic Expressions
 Order of Operations
 Operations of Algebraic Expressions
Properties of Algebraic Equations
PROPERTY
Commutative Property
of Addition
Commutative Property
of Multiplication
Associative Property of
Addition
AssociativeProperty of
Multiplication
Distributive Property
Identity Property for
Addition
Identity Property for
Multiplication
Inverse Property of
Addition
Zero Property of
Multiplication
EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION
Changing the order of addends
a+b=b+a
does not change the sum
Changing the order of the factors
axb=bx a
does not change the product
Changing the grouping of the
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
addends does not change the sum
Changing the grouping of the
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c) factors does not change the
product
Multiplying a sum by a number
is the same as multiplying each
a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
addend by that number and then
adding the two products
Adding 0 and any number does
a+0=0+a= a not change the value of the
number
Multiplying 1 and any number
a×1=1×a= a does not change the value of
the number
The sum of any integer and its
a + (- a) = 0
additive inverse is 0.
The product of 0 and any number
a ·0=0
is 0.
 10 ÷ 5 𝑥 2 = ?
10 ÷ 5 𝑥 2 = 4 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡
10 ÷ 5 𝑥 2 = 1 𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔
Algebraic Expressions

A polynomial in the variable x is an expression of the form,

anxn + a n-1x n-1 + …. + a1x + a0
Adding Polynomials with More ThanOne Variable
E xam pl e
Problem (4x 23–−12xy
Add. (12𝑥 28𝑥 2 𝑦+ −9y17𝑥𝑦
2 ) + 2(25x
+ 112𝑦+3 )4xy – 332y
+ (5𝑥 2 ) 2 𝑦 − 4 𝑥𝑦 2 − 7 𝑦 3 )
+ 13𝑥
4x 2 +(−12xy) + 9y 2 + 25x 2 + 4xy + (−32y 2 ) Rem ove the parentheses
= ( 12𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 3 )+(−28𝑥 2 𝑦 + 13𝑥 2 𝑦) + −17𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 2
+ the
grouping
3
− 7𝑦 3
11 𝑦polynomial
and rewrite any
subtraction as addition of
the opposite.
= 𝟏𝟕𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙2 𝟐 𝒚 −2 ) 𝟐𝟏𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟑
(4x +25x +[(−12xy)+ 4xy] + [9y 2 + (−32y 2 )] Group like terms using
commutative and
associative properties.
29x 2 + (−8 xy ) +(−23y 2 ) Combine like terms.

Answer The s u m is 29x 2 – 8xy – 23y 2 . Rewrite as subtraction.

Algebraic Expressions
Subtracting Polynomials with More Than One Variable

Example
3y2 –𝟑 5xy 14y) – 3y2 – 8xy +𝟑10y)
Problem Subtract. (14x𝟐𝟗𝒙 𝒚𝟐 −+𝟐𝟑𝒙𝒚 + (7x
𝟑𝟓𝒚 − (𝟏𝟑𝒙 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟕𝒚)
= 14x3y2 – 5xy + 14y – 7x3y2 + 8xy – 10y Remove the parentheses. Notice the
signs!
= 29𝑥 3 𝑦 2 − 13𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + −23𝑥𝑦 − −15𝑥𝑦 + (35𝑦 − 17𝑦)
=14x3y2 – 7x3y2 – 5xy + 8xy + 14y – 10y Regroup to put like terms together.
= 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟖𝒚 When you regroup or rearrange
terms involving subtraction, think of
the subtraction as “adding the
opposite” and move the negative
sign along with the term.
= 7x3y2 + 3xy + 4y Combine like terms.
Answer The difference is 7x3y2 + 3xy + 4y.
Algebraic Expressions
Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable

Example
Problem
Multiply. 7𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑦 2 )
= Multiply, using the
= 21𝑥 4 𝑦 2 + 28𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 56𝑥 2 𝑦 4 distributive property.

=
=
=
Answer
The product is .
Algebraic Expressions

Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable

Special Products involving Squares

a(x + y) = ax + ay (Distributive Law)

(x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2 (Difference of 2 squares)
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (Square of a sum)
(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 (Square of a difference)
Note: (x2 - y2) ≠ (x – y)2
Algebraic Expressions
Examples.
Difference of 2 squares: (x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2
(3x + 2y)(3x – 2y) = 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2
Square of a sum: (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
(5m + 2n)2 = 25𝑚2 + 2 5𝑚 2𝑛 + 4𝑛2
= 25𝑚2 + 20𝑚𝑛 + 4𝑛2
Square of a difference: (x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2
(3s – 7t)2 = 9𝑠 2 − 2 3𝑠 7𝑡 + 49𝑡 2
= 9𝑠 2 − 42𝑠𝑡 + 49𝑡 2
Algebraic Expressions

Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable

Special Products involving Cubes

(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (Cube of a sum)

(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 (Cube of a difference)

(x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) = x3 + y3 (Sum of 2 cubes)

(x − y)(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 − y3 (Difference of 2 cubes)

Algebraic Expressions
Examples.
Cube of a Sum: (x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
(3a + b)3 = 27𝑎 3 + 3(3𝑎)2 𝑏 + 3(3𝑎)(𝑏)2 + 𝑏 3
= 27𝑎3 + 27𝑎2 𝑏 + 9𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
Cube of a difference : (x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3
(4c – 3d)3 = 64𝑐 3 − 3(4𝑐)2 3𝑑 + 3(4𝑐)(3𝑑)2 − 27𝑑3
= 64𝑐 3 − 144𝑐2𝑑 + 108𝑐𝑑2 − 27𝑑3
Sum of 2 cubes : (x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) = x3 + y3
𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑥+𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥3 + 𝑦3
Algebraic Expressions
Dividing Polynomials with More Than One Variable
Example
Problem 33𝑥 2 𝑦 3
Divide. 11𝑥 3 𝑦
T o m a k e it e a s i e r , y o u c a n
=
33 𝑥2 𝑦3 b r e a k u p t h e co e f f i ci e n t s
a n d variabl es into n u me r i c
= ( )( 3 )( ) a n d vari able f a c t ors .
11 𝑥 𝑦
Di vi de the coeffi ci ents, an d
= d i vi d e the variabl es by
3𝑦 2 subtracting the exponents
w i t h l i ke b a s e s .
=
= 𝑥 Re wri te wi th p o si ti ve
exponents.

Answer

T h e q u o t i e n t is .
Algebraic Expressions
Dividing Polynomials with More Than One Variable
Example
Problem 16𝑥 8 𝑧 3 − 4𝑥 6 𝑧 4 + 64𝑥 4 𝑧 5
=
Divide. 4𝑥𝑧
T o m a k e it e a s i e r , y o u
= c a n b r e a k th e div ision
out b y th e t e r m s in th e

16𝑥 8 𝑧 3 4𝑥 6 𝑧 4 64𝑥 4 𝑧 5 polynomial s in c e e a c h

t e r m is b e i n g d i v i d e d
= − +( ) by 2x2y.
4𝑥𝑧 4𝑥𝑧 4𝑥𝑧
= P e r f o r m t h e div ision of
e a c h te r m b y div iding

= 4𝑥 7 𝑧 2 − 𝑥 5 𝑧 3 + 16𝑥 3 𝑧 4
th e coefficients and
d iv id in g t h e v a r i a b l e s
by subtracting the
exponents of
v ariables with like
bases.
Answer
T h e q u o t i e n t is .
Factoring
Greatest Common Factor
• find greatest factor common to every term
Ex. x2 – (r + s)x + rs = (x – r)(x – s)
Grouping
• factors common to some of the terms
Ex. 3ax + 6ay + 4x + 8y = 3a ( x + 2y) + 4( x + 2y)
= (x + 2y ) ( 3a + 4)
Difference in Two Squares
• One of the binomials contains the sum of two terms and the other contains the difference
of two terms.
General Formula: a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
Ex. 9x2 – 16y4 = (3x – 4y2) (3x + 4y2)
Difference of Cubes
• the difference in two cubes means that there will be two terms and each will contain perfect
cubes and the sign between the two terms will be negative
General Formula: Sum of Cubes: a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
Factoring

Trinomials
• trinomials factor to two binomials in product form
• method of trial and error will be used to mentally determine the factors that satisfy
the trinomial
Ex. x2 – 4x – 12 = ( x – 6) ( x + 2)
2y2 + 11y - 21 = ( y + 7 ) ( 2y – 3)