SIR CHHOTU RAM INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MECHANICS (BT-419) NOTES ON LADDER FRICTION‘ ~ Chapter 7: Applications of Friction m 713 ot aa a ladder AB resting on the rough ground and leaning against a wall, as shown in ig Tl. ‘As the upper end of the ladder tends to slip downwards, shevefore the direction of the force af friction between the ladder and the wal (F, willbe upwards a shown inthe figure. Similarly, asthe tower end ofe ladder tends to slip away from the wal, therefore the dreation ofthe force of fiction between the ladder andthe floor (5) willbe towards the wall as shown in the figure, , ‘since the systema is in equitibrium, therefore the algebraic sum ofthe horizontal and vertical components ofthe forces must also be equal to 2er0. Note: Thenorral reacionatthe floor () will perpendicuar 741s clon ofthe floor. Similarly, normal reaction of the wall (R) will also act perpendicular to the wall. Example 7.1. A tniforn ladider of length 3.25: and! weighing 250 N is placed against a “amooih vertical wall with its lower end 1.25 m from the wall. The coeficient of friction between the Tedder and floor is 0.3. What is the frictional force acting on the ladder atthe point of contact berween the ladder and the floor? Show thatthe ladder will remain in equilibrium inthis positon. Solution. Given: Length of the ladder () = 3.25 m; Weight of the ladder (») = 250 Distance between the lower end of ladder and wall = 1,25 m and coefficient of fition between the ladder and Noor (4) = 0.3. Frictional force acting on the ladder. “The forces acting on the ladder are shown in Fig, 7.2. F= Frictional force acting onthe ladder at the Point of contact between the ladder and floor, and 2 = Normal reaction atthe foot Since the ladder is placed against a smooth vertical wall, therefore there wll be no fiction atthe point of eontactbetween the ladder and wall let Resolving the forces vertically, : y= 250N From the geometry of the figure, we find that BC = ¥G25) 25) =3.0 m ‘Taking moments about 8 and equating the same, x 1.25) ~ (250 % 0625) (250 x 1.25) - 156.3 = 156.2.N 136.2 ‘kis * Bes 52.1N Newess114m ATexthook of Engineering Mectianios Equilibrium of the ladder inepoint of contact between the agg, ‘We know thatthe maximam and the floor lable att force of friction a! = pk,=03 x250=75N 7 ne nwo ein avatble ti point of contact (25, intof the force of N21 N). Therefore the ladder will ein ‘Thus we see that the amo 2 more than the force of friction required for equilil ‘an equilibrium position, Ans. : . Example 7.2. A laden meters lng vets an a hoveontal a ao smooth vertical wall at an angle 70° with the horizontal, The weigh of peremsennertel ala ‘tits middle. The ladder is atthe point of sliding, when aman weighing BLS, ‘metre from the bottom of the ladder. Calculate the coefficient of friction benween te ladder and the, floor ; ; Solution. Given: Lenth ofthe Inder () = 5 m; Angle which the faddet makes with te horizontal (6) = 70°; Weight of the ladder (w,) = 900 Ns Weight of man (w,) = 750 N and distance between the man and bottom of ladder = i.5 m. Forces acting on the ladder are shown in Fig. 7.3. Let we Coefficient of friction between ladder and floor and R= Normal reaction at the floor. Resolving the forees vertically, R, = 900+ 750 = 1650 N @ Foree of friction at A =H X RH x 1659 li) ‘Now taking moments about B, and equatifs the same, R,xS sin 20° = (F, x5 60s 20°) + (900 x 2.5 sin 20°) + (150 x3.5 sin 20°) = (F;5 00820") + (4875 sin 20°) = (x 1650 x 5 ¢0s 20°) + 4875 sin 20° and now substituting the values of R and Fy from equations (i) and (i) 1650 x 5 sin 20° = (4x 1650 x 5 cos 20°) + (4875 sin 20°) * Dividing both sides by 5 sin 20°, 1650 = (yx 1650 cot 20°) +975 (yx 1650 x 2.7475) + 975 = 4533 p+ 975 _ 1650-995 A 453 01S Ans Example 7.3. A uniform ladder of 4m lerigth rests against & Veritead walt with which niakes an angle of 45°. The coeficient of fiction between the ladder and re yo is 04 and that berween ladder and the floor is O.tfa man, whose weigh is one-hit ‘ascends it, how high will t be when the ladder slips? halfof that of the ladderChapter 7: Applications of Friction m 115 _ Solution, Given: Legh ofthe te (Ange wich ar makes wh te orzoatal (c =45°: Coelicient of friction beter the lar and the wall ,)= 04 and eoeMilent of friction between the ladder and the floor () = 0.5. . . ‘Te forces acting on the ladder are shown in Let Distance between A and the man, ‘when the Inder isa the point of sipping. Weight of the ladder, and R y= Jormal reaction at floor, ‘Weight of the man ‘We know that frictional force at the floor, FR) 05K, 0) and fictional force atthe wall, F=8, R,=04R, (i Resolving the forces vertically, B+ F,=We0sW=15 and now resolving the forces horizontally, R,=Fa05R, of R= Ry Now substituting the values of R,and F,, in equation (ii), 2k, +048, = 150 n= -0e5y iv) sand F,=04R,,=04 x 0.625 W=025 W “Taking moments about A and equating the same, (Wx2.c0s 45°) + (0.5 Wx x08 45° =(R, x 48in 45°) + (F,, x4 008 45°) Substituting values of Rand F from equations (ii) and (Wx 2.c0s 45°) + (0.5 Wx x 608 45°) = (0.605 Wx sin 45°) + (0.25 Wx 4 c08 45°) Dividing both sides by (W sin 45°). 2405x=25+1=35 = S3=2230m An 05