ASM CLASS LABS

DAY1

1. Using files to simulate RAW DEVICES with ASM (Loopdevices)

2. create ASM instance
3. create ASM database (dbca)
4. handling disks and diskgoups/redundancy
5. striping
6. rebalance: drop disk (with data)

DAY2

7. Using filesystems to implement ASM (_asm_allow_only_raw_disks)

8. Using ASMLIB to implement ASM

RMAN

9. Restore a controlfile to a second location

10. Restore datafiles from ASM to FS

Dumps

11. blockdump
12. dump metadata using kfed
13. dd
***********************************************************
RAW DEVICES with ASM
file -> loopdev -> rawdev
***********************************************************
important note:
It could be possible, that loopdevice setup was already completed.
check this before:
raw -qa
if so, continue with device permissions and ownership

1. Create the files to be used as ASM DISKS

dd if=/dev/zero of=<path>/fs_disk1 bs=1M count=1000
dd if=/dev/zero of=<path>/fs_disk2 bs=1M count=1000
dd if=/dev/zero of=<path>/fs_disk3 bs=1M count=1000
dd if=/dev/zero of=<path>/fs_disk4 bs=1M count=1000

Note: Make sure oracle user owns the files.

2. As root create the loop device:

 Create the new loop devices:

#losetup /dev/loop1 <path>/fs_disk1
#losetup /dev/loop2 <path>/fs_disk2
#losetup /dev/loop3 <path>/fs_disk3
#losetup /dev/loop4 <path>/fs_disk4

 Bind the loop devices to raw:

# raw –qa -- list the current raw devices used
# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/loop1
# raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/loop2
# raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/loop3
# raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/loop4

#chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw[1-4]

#chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[1-4]

 Change the asm_diskstring to use /dev/raw/raw[1-4] and modify init+ASM.ora file

 Check view v$asm_disk to see if the new disk fs_disk1 was discovered:

Select header_status,path from v$asm_disk;

Kfod can be also used: kfod p='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init\+ASM.ora' d=all

*****************************
Create ASM INSTANCE
*****************************

1. Create the init+ASM.ora file

.asm_diskstring=’/dev/raw/raw[1-4] '
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=12M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/udump' <- check if directory exists, if not create it
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/bdump' <- check if directory exists, if not create it
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/cdump' <- check if directory exists, if not create it

2. connect to ASM instance

3. startup nomount

4. On the ASM instance, create a diskgroup using LOOP-RAW disks

create diskgroup DG1 external redundancy disk ‘/dev/raw/raw1’, '/dev/raw/raw2';

5. check results
v$asm_disk
v$asm_diskgroup

******************************
create ASM database
******************************

5. Create database using dbca

set ORACLE_HOME correctly
call dbca and follow the steps for db creation
*****************************************
DIFFERENT FEATURES
*****************************************

DISKGROUPS & REDUNDANCY

create diskgroup with external redundancy

add new disks

create diskgroup with normal redundancy

add new disks to FG1
add new disks to FG2

mount/dismount diskgroup
drop diskgroup

ASM INTERNAL SPACE USAGE

check v$asm_disk, v$asm_diskgroup

check internal (metadata) space usage (total_mb, free_mb)

STRIPING

create a DG with external redundancy and 3 disks

create a tablespace with 1 datafile (5 MB)
find out asm_file#
find datafile extents in x$kffxp
how many AU's?
what extent is located at what disk?

REBALANCE

drop a disk from this diskgroup

how data becomes reallocated to remaining disks?

ASM FS mixup

add a datafile to tablespace

use a file in filesystem.
**********************
****** ASMLIB LAB
**********************
#
# Install, configure and create ASMLIB disks
#

1.Download ASMLIB
http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/asmlib/index.html

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (x86)

oracleasmlib-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm - Userspace library
oracleasm-support-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm - Driver support files
oracleasm-2.4.21-27.EL-1.0.4-2.i686.rpm - Userspace library

2.Install, check dependencies

cd <r> # this is the location for the ASMLIB rpms

su –
# rpm –Uvh oracleasm-support-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm
# rpm –Uvh oracleasm-2.4.21-27.EL-1.0.4-2.i686.rpm
# rpm –Uvh oracleasmlib-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

3.Configure ASMLIB

As root:

# cd /etc/init.d
# ./oracleasm config

# lsmod
# df –ha
# rpm –qa |grep asm
4.Create disks that will be used by ASMLIB
file -> loop -> asmlib

Reference Note: 303760.1

* Pick a directory with plenty of space and create the file with 'dd' command.
500Mb each file
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=loop_disk5 bs=1M count=500
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=loop_disk6 bs=1M count=500
$ ls -l
total 200208
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 524288000 Apr 5 14:16 loop_disk5
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 524288000 Apr 5 14:17 loop_disk6

* With second step using 'losetup' command, we will associate a loop device
with a file. This time, as root execute these commands:

$ su -
# losetup /dev/loop5 loop_disk5
# losetup /dev/loop6 loop_disk6

checking to see if the device has been created :

# losetup /dev/loop5
/dev/loop2: [0305]:1161029 (loop_disk5) offset 0, no encryption
# losetup /dev/loop6
/dev/loop2: [0305]:1161029 (loop_disk6) offset 0, no encryption

If device does not exist:

[root@arlnx2 root]# losetup /dev/loop1
loop: can't get info on device /dev/loop1: No such device or address

To delete a loop device use losetup –d /dev/loopX

5. Mark the ASMLIB disks

cd /etc/init.d
./oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/loop1
./oracleasm createdisk DISK2 /dev/loop2

ls –l /dev/oracleasm/disks
ls –l /dev/loop1 /dev/loop2

6. Adjust asm_diskstring

ORCL:*
**********************************************
Using filesystems to implement ASM
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks = FALSE
**********************************************

#
# Reference Note: 293095.1

1. Create a directory to store the files that will be used as ASM DISKS.

Mkdir <path>

2. Create the files to be used as ASM DISKS

dd if=/dev/zero of=<path>/fs_disk1 bs=1m count=100

Note: Make sure oracle user owns the files.

3. Include <path> into asm_diskstring parameter . Make the change in the init+ASM.ora
Alter system set asm_diskstring=’ORCL:*’,’<path>’

Instance has to be restarted with parameter _asm_allow_only_raw_disks = FALSE.

4. Check view v$asm_disk to see if the new disk fs_disk1 was discovered:

Select header_status,path from v$asm_disk;

Kfod can be also used: kfod p='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init\+ASM.ora'

5. Create a diskgroup using the new file

Create diskgroup dg_fs disk ‘<path>/fs_disk1’;

SQL> select TOTAL_MB, FREE_MB, NAME from v$asm_diskgroup;

6. Create a tablespace using this diskgroup:

create tablespace ts_fs datafile ‘+dg_fs’;

******************************************************************************
RMAN: Restore a controlfile to a second location (DISKGROUP)
******************************************************************************
# Duplicate the controlfile to a second diskgroup.
# If there is not a second diskgroup available, create it first.

1. On the ASM instance, identify the structure for the new location
Directories can be created on a diskgroup.
use asmcmd

Note: You can use any path under the diskgroup name.

2. Copy the controlfile using RMAN - Use the target database

* stop the target database
sql)shutdown normal
* modify init.ora/spfile to include new control_file value
+DG2/P10G/CONTROLFILE/control02.ctl
* start nomount
sql)startup nomount

* Call RMAN
rman nocatalog
rman>connect target

* Copy controlfile:
rman>restore controlfile to <new location> from <old location>;
rman>sql 'alter database mount';
rman>sql 'alter database open.

Example: rman>restore controlfile to '+DG2/P10G/CONTROLFILE/control02.ctl'

from '+DG1/P10G/CONTROLFILE/Current.264.1';

3. Verify in the ASM instance the new files created

check v$asm_file where type='CONTROLFILE'
****************************************************************
RMAN: Restore datafiles from ASM to filesystem
****************************************************************

1. Restore the datafile from the diskgroup to a filesystem

Example: This the file to be restored: +DG2/p10g/datafile/testx_267_5

* Set offline the datafile

sql) alter database datafile '+DG2/p10g/datafile/testx_267_5' offline;

* Restore as a copy file

rman nocatalog
rman>connect target
rman>backup as copy datafile 8 format '/oradata2/p10g/backup/testx_%f.dbf'

RMAN> connect target

connected to target database: P10G (DBID=3847367817)

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> backup as copy datafile 8 format '/oradata2/p10g/backup/testx_%f.dbf';

Starting backup at 15-APR-05

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00008 name=+DG2/p10g/datafile/testx_267_5
output filename=/oradata2/p10g/backup/testx_8.dbf tag=TAG20050415T063654 recid=1 stamp=555662216
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished backup at 15-APR-05
************************
DUMPS
************************

BLOCKDUMP

create a small table using asmfile

find out datablock and filenumber
perform ORACLE blockdump:

alter system dump datafile '+DG/file_NAME'

check tracefile

shutdown database and ASM instance

DUMP DISKHEADER METADATA USING KFED

e.g.
kfed read /dev/raw/raw4

DD SAME DISKHEADER
e.g.
dd if=/dev/raw/raw4 of=dumpraw4 count=100

compare kfed and dd results