BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO

3411:2007

Earth-moving
machinery — Physical
dimensions of
operators and
minimum operator
space envelope

The European Standard EN ISO 3411:2007 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 13.180; 53.100

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN ISO 3411:2007

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 3411:2007. It

supersedes BS EN ISO 3411:2000 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/513, Construction equipment and plant and site safety, to Subcommittee
B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was Amendments issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Amd. No. Date Comments
on 30 November 2007

© BSI 2007

ISBN 978 0 580 55412 4

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 3411
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2007

ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN ISO 3411:1999

English Version

Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and

minimum operator space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)

Engins de terrassement - Dimensions des opérateurs et Erdbaumaschinen - Körpermaße von Maschinenführer und
espace enveloppe minimal pour les opérateurs (ISO Mindestfreiraum (ISO 3411:2007)
3411:2007)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2007.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3411:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN ISO 3411:2007

Foreword

This document (EN ISO 3411:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127
"Earth-moving machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 "Construction
equipment and building material machines - Safety", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2010.

This document supersedes EN ISO 3411:1999.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA and ZB which is an integral part
of this document.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of

the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3411:2007 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3411:2007 without any
modifications.
 EN ISO 3411:2007

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3411

Fourth edition
2007-07-15

Earth-moving machinery — Physical

dimensions of operators and minimum
operator space envelope
Engins de terrassement — Dimensions des opérateurs et espace
enveloppe minimal pour les opérateurs

Reference number
ISO 3411:2007(E)
ii
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Contents Page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................1
4 Physical dimensions of operators .......................................................................................................2
5 Minimum operator space envelope......................................................................................................6
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................10
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC...................................................11
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC...................................................................................................... 12

iii
EN ISO 3411:2007

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 3411 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2,
Safety requirements and human factors.

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3411:1995), which has been technically revised.

iv
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Introduction
The operator dimensions in this International Standard are derived from male and female data from the
United States of America (CAESAR Data), Europe (ISO 15534-3:2000) and Asia (China, Japan, Korea and
Thailand).

The dimensions of the male Asian data were found to be within the range of the 5th and 95th percentiles of the
combined USA and European data. Thus, to represent the operator populations for the USA and Europe, the
operator dimension data are based upon the data from those two regions. To account for the potential
increase in female Asian operators, the small operator dimension values were maintained from
ISO 3411:1995 and used instead of the larger dimensions from the USA and European data.

The dimensions given in this International Standard are either actual measurements obtained from the
sources listed above or, when specific dimensions were not available, were derived by proportionally scaling
the values from ISO 3411:1995, based on the trend of growth seen across the available measured
dimensions.

The operator minimum normal interior space envelope for enclosures stated in this International Standard can
be supplemented or modified by standards for specific earth-moving machinery.

v
blank
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of

operators and minimum operator space envelope

1 Scope
This International Standard provides the dimensions of operators of earth-moving machinery as defined in
ISO 6165 and specifies the minimum normal operating space envelope within the operator enclosures.

It is not applicable to machines manufactured prior to the date of its publication.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5353:1995, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat
index point

ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions

ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s seat — Dimensions and requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
small operator
operator belonging to the worldwide earth-moving machinery operator population where approximately 5 % of
operators are smaller than the dimension listed

3.2
medium operator
operator belonging to the worldwide earth-moving machinery operator population where approximately 50 %
of operators are smaller than the dimension listed and the remaining worldwide earth-moving machinery
operator population is larger than the dimension listed

3.3
large operator
operator belonging to the worldwide earth-moving machinery operator population where approximately 5 % of
operators are larger than the dimension listed

3.4
working posture
posture an operator assumes while doing work

3.5
erect posture
standing or sitting upright without a backrest

1
EN ISO 3411:2007

4 Physical dimensions of operators

The ranges of physical dimensions for standing and seated operators are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The
ranges of derived body pivot dimensions are shown in Figure 3. The dimensions include a 25 mm allowance
for the height of shoes or boots. The influence of other clothing is insignificant on these dimensions.

All dimensions are for an operator in an erect posture. A working posture is typically relaxed and the
dimensions will be slightly less: stature (1A) and overhead reach (2A) will be reduced by about 15 mm, while
sitting height (3A) and sitting eye height (3B) will be reduced by about 25 mm.

In some areas of the world, more than 5 % of the operators have leg lengths less than the values given for the
small operators. To accommodate these areas, special adjustments may be provided.

2
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Dimension
Reference Designation mm
Small operator Medium operator Large operator

1A Stature (with shoes) a 1 550 1 730 1 905

1B Arm span c 1 585 1 765 1 942
1C Arm span (elbows folded) c 850 958 1 060
1D Head breadth b 140 151 163
1E Foot breadth (with shoes) 95 125 139
2A Overhead reach (fingertip) c 1 900 2 118 2 325
2B Head length 170 194 210
2C Eye to back distance c 170 194 210
2D Chest depth c 210 247 280
2E Abdominal depth c 210 257 300
2F Foot length (with shoes) 250 276 311

NOTE These columns represent the measured size range of the world population. Small is approximately the 5th percentile
measurement, medium is approximately the 50th percentile measurement, and large is approximately the 95th percentile measurement.
Small operator = 51,9 kg, medium operator = 74,4 kg, large operator = 114,1 kg.
a Add approximately 50 mm for protective helmet, if required.
b Dimension for head breadth does not include the ears.
c The dimensional values were derived through proportional scaling.

Figure 1 — Dimensions derived with operator in standing position

3
EN ISO 3411:2007

Dimension
Reference Designation mm
Small operator Medium operator Large operator
3A Sitting height a 800 894 976
3B Eye height, sitting 690 780 858
3C Shoulder height, sitting 530 585 651
3D Elbow height, sitting 200 239 285
3E Horizontal sitting surface height c 400 449 495
3F Thigh clearance c 120 146 170
3G Buttock to calf distance c 420 474 525
3H Buttock-knee length 530 601 670
3I Knee height, sitting (with shoes) 500 558 627
3J Forearm-fingertip length c 410 464 515
3K Anterior arm reach c 750 832 909
3L Decrement for control grasp c −65 −73 −80
3M Hand length 170 190 207
3N Hand breadth b, c 80 87 96
3O Hand thickness c, d 25 30 35
3P SIP (seat index point) length 113 125 137
3R SIP (seat index point) height 80 88 97
4A Shoulder (bi-deltoid) breadth 380 450 514
4B Elbow-to-elbow breadth c 385 454 521
4C Hip breadth, sitting 320 378 456
1 seat index point (SIP)

NOTE These columns represent the measured size range of the world population. Small is approximately the 5th percentile
measurement, medium is approximately the 50th percentile measurement, and large is approximately the 95th percentile measurement.
Small operator = 51,9 kg, medium operator = 74,4 kg, large operator = 114,1 kg
a Add approximately 50 mm for a protective helmet, if required.
b The dimension for hand breadth does not include the thumb.
c The dimensional values were derived through proportional scaling.
d The dimension for hand thickness relates to the thickness at the base of the fingers, not the palm thickness.

Figure 2 — Dimensions derived with operator in seated position

4
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Dimension
Reference Designation mm
Small operator Medium operator Large operator

A Ankle height (with shoes) 98 107 120

B Lower leg length 367 405 450
C Thigh length 372 425 475
D Hip point to buttock (vertical) a, b 80 88 97
E Hip point to buttock (fore-aft) b 113 125 137
F Trunk length 396 442 486
G Hip point to neck pivot a, b 481 538 591
H Upper arm length b 247 276 303
I Wrist to control grasp b 105 119 137
J Forearm length b 220 246 270
K Eye to body centerline b 71 79 87
L Stature (with shoes) 1 550 1 730 1 905
M Eye level to neck pivot b 133 149 164
N Shoulder pivot width b 310 349 382
O Hip pivot width b 152 170 187
P Ankle to pedal force point b 124 138 152
a For the operator in the sitting position.
b The dimensional values were derived through proportional scaling.

Figure 3 — Body pivot dimensions

5
EN ISO 3411:2007

5 Minimum operator space envelope

5.1 General

The minimum operator space envelope is the interior dimension of the operator’s enclosure. The minimum
operating space envelope around the operator for operator enclosures (e.g. cabs, ROPS, FOPS) is shown in
Figure 4 for a seated operator and in Figure 5 for a standing operator. The dimensions given relate to the seat
index point (SIP), as defined in ISO 5353. The outline of the space envelope does not imply the shape of the
enclosure. This shape can be different than those illustrated provided that the minimum dimensions are met.

The minimum operator space envelope is based on the large operator dimensions shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3
and is measured to the interior surface without visible surface deformation of the operator enclosure.

5.2 Allowable adjustments

5.2.1 Allowable adjustments to the minimum operator space envelope for particular machine applications
and constraints are given in 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4 and 5.2.5. The minimum operator space envelope requirements
stated in this International Standard can also be supplemented or modified by standards for specific earth-
moving machinery.

5.2.2 The operator enclosure minimum space envelope may be smaller than according to Figures 4 and 5 if
the reduced operator space envelope for a particular machine application allows adequate space for operator
performance and protection. Acceptable modifications for the operator enclosure space envelope include the
following.

5.2.2.1 An operator enclosure minimum height of 1 050 mm from the SIP is required to accommodate
commonly used seats and provide clearance for an operator's protective helmet. The operator enclosure
minimum height may be reduced to 1 000 mm for machines used in applications for which a protective helmet
is not required in the enclosure.

5.2.2.2 The enclosure height may also be adjusted for the following variations in seat configurations as
defined in ISO 11112:

a) 40 mm reduction without vertical seat suspension;

b) 40 mm reduction without vertical seat height adjustment;

c) reduction proportional to seat back cushion angle greater than 15°.

5.2.3 The operator seat may be offset from the space envelope width centreline to allow direct visibility to
the side of the machine, provided the minimum internal distance from the SIP to the side of the upper portion
of the enclosure is at least 325 mm.

5.2.4 Some particular types of machines (e.g. compact machines) can necessitate the use of an operator
space envelope smaller than the minimum recommended by this International Standard. For these machines,
the internal operator's space envelope width may be reduced to a minimum of 650 mm. This minimum width
space envelope requires judicious placement of operator controls to ensure operator performance and comfort.

5.2.5 When the operator is normally inclined forward to operate the steering controls (e.g. compact
excavator), or visibility to the immediate rear of the machine is required (e.g. small tractor dozer), the minimum
clearance to the rear of the operator enclosure (R3) may be reduced to 250 mm plus one half of the fore-aft
seat adjustment travel.

6
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 interior space envelope (ISE)
2 seat index point (SIP)

NOTE Width dimensions shown are symmetrical. See Table 1 for the values of the dimensions shown here.

Figure 4 — Normal minimum operator interior space envelope for enclosure — Seated operator

7
EN ISO 3411:2007

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 interior space envelope (ISE)

NOTE Dimension R2 is given in Table 1. Enclosure width dimensions and clearance for controls are the same as
those shown in Figure 4.

Figure 5 — Normal minimum operator interior space envelope for enclosure — Standing operator

8
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Table 1 — Dimensions (see Figures 4 and 5)

Dimension
Symbol Designation
mm
Distance between SIP and enclosure ceiling in transverse plane a

R1 ⎯ with operator wearing protective helmet, on seat with suspension and adjustment W1 050
⎯ with operator not wearing protective helmet, on seat with suspension and adjustment W1 000
R2 Radius at intersection of enclosure’s internal walls with each other and with ceiling u 250
R3 Distance towards rear b

L1 Horizontal distance between SIP and enclosure in which R1 is to be maintained W 500

h1 Vertical distance between SIP and lower end of upper side walls of enclosure u 150
h2 Vertical distance between SIP and lower end of upper back wall of enclosure c

W Width within space for legs W 560

C1 Clearance for forearm/hand within upper side areas of enclosure W 500
C2 Clearance between enclosure and operator’s shoe working pedal or foot control in any position W 30
a The minimum distance from the SIP to a window retracted above the operator head shall be 920 mm.
b At least b + 400 mm, where b is equal to half the horizontal seat adjustment dimension. See 5.2.5.
c This dimension shall be equal to or less than the vertical distance between the SIP and the top of the seat back cushion adjusted to
its lowest position.

9
EN ISO 3411:2007

Bibliography

[1] ISO 7250:1996, Basic human body measurements for technological design

[2] ISO 15534-3:2000, Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery — Part 3: Anthropometric data

10
 EN ISO 3411:2007

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive
98/79/EC

This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive
98/79/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that
Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of
this standard, a presumption of conformity with Essential Requirement 3.2.1 (paragraphs 1 and
5) of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products
falling within the scope of this standard.

11
EN ISO 3411:2007

Annex ZB
(informative)

Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC

This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that
Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of
this standard, a presumption of conformity with Essential Requirement 1.1.7 (paragraph 3) of
that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s)
falling within the scope of this standard.

12
blank
BS EN ISO
3411:2007
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