St.

Mary’s Educational Institute

Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

MODULE 1 IN SCIENCE 5 (Fourth Quarter)

APRIL 04, 2022

TITLE
HOW IS EARTH’S SURFACE FORMED
OVERVIEW
Weathering and soil erosion shape the Earth’s surface and affect living things and the
environment. This module demonstrates understanding about different components of soil,
differences between weathering and erosion and how these two happen.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
 Identify different components of soil;
 Differentiate weathering and soil erosion;
 Describe the process of weathering in our own word; and
 Classify the example in their corresponding term about weathering and erosion.

VALUES
As you understand the lesson about weathering and soil erosion you will be able to
think critically, observe and analyze real-life situation in order for you to appreciate the
importance of soil not only on the living things but also the environment.

CONTENT

Good day, kids! Welcome to the world

of science. For this lesson, you are
going to learn the components, kinds,
and how weathering and soil erosion
happen. Let’s go!

For a starter, share your insights related to the pictures provided below. Answer the
processing questions through https://mentimeter.com . You may use this opportunity to express
your understanding and prior knowledge to your classmates.

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Processing Questions:
 What can you observe on the given pictures?
 What do you use for planting?
 What is/ are the purpose of soil in planting?

Let’s have a good and brief introduction about “how soil was formed”. And to make it more
interesting and enjoyable, you may visit the video through your Genyo account. You may also
visit this link: https://youtu.be/x7pmsCL6Ytc

WEATHERING is the natural process of breaking down rocks into smaller and finer rocks or
particles. When big rocks are exposed to nature over long period of time, nature does its work
and turn them into soil. This happens in three ways:

EROSION is the process when nature breaks down and transport them to different places.
This is possible because of gravity, wind, water, and ice. It can occur over centuries. When

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

there is heavy rain and there are hardly any roots holding the soil together, gravity can pull
down the unstable soil and rocks.

SOIL is the topmost layer of Earth. It is a mixture of minerals, air, water, plant materials, and
decoposing animals and their wastes. It has minerals and other substances that serves as
nutrients for plants. Soil is made up of:

Match the picture in their corresponding term about weathering and erosion. Answer this
activity through https://nearpod.com . The code for this activity will be given by the teacher
during synchrous class.

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Share your personal insights about the given statement below to complete the idea. Send
your answer in your Genyo account.
After understanding about weathering and erosion, I learned that _____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
Studying the soil have benefits like _____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
.

For a starter let’s answer the activity about the previous lesson “weathering, erosion, and
components of soil”. You can answer this activity through https://nearpod.com . Your Science
teacher will be the one to provide the code or link in order for you to have an access in the
activity. You will accomplish this during synchronous class.
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 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Let’s have a good and brief continuation about the discussion on the previous meeting. And
to make it more interesting and enjoyable, you may visit the video through your Genyo account.
You may also visit this link: https://youtu.be/og9A_Apr534 .

Okay class, lets now defined what is soil. When you hear the word soil, what comes first to your
mind? Anyone?

SOIL is a thin layer of material that forms on the earth's surface as a result of the weathering

of rocks
The majority of plants get their nutrients from the soil and are the primary source of food for
humans, animals, and birds. As a result, the majority of living things on land rely on soil to
survive.

Types of Soil

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Layers of Soil

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1. O Horizon (Organic Horizon)

- 'O' stands for organic. This is the topmost layer of soil that is rich in organic matter.
Because of the high organic content, this layer is typically black brown or dark brown.
The O horizon is thin in some soils, thick in others, and absent in the rest.

2. A Horizon (Topsoil)
- The humus layer is another name for the A horizon, or topsoil. It has a dark brown color
because it contains the most organic matter and is found beneath the O horizon. Inside
this layer, you can find insects, earthworms, centipedes, bacteria, fungi, and other
animals.

3. E Horizon (Eluviation Horizon) leech leeching

 (from Latin ex, “out,” and lavere, “to wash”). 

4. B Horizon (Subsoil)
- The subsoil, or horizon B, is a layer found mostly beneath the topsoil. Because of the

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

lower humus content, it is lighter in color than topsoil. It is, however, much more rigid and
compact than topsoil. This layer contains less organic matter but is rich in minerals
leached down from the topsoil. The subsoil is a region where certain minerals and salts
of certain metals, such as iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate, are
deposited in large quantities.

HUMUS -decaying plant or animal material.

5. C Horizon (Parent Rock)

- It is found just beneath the subsoil and is also known as regolith or saprolite. It is
referred to as the parent rock because it gave rise to all of the upper layers. The C
horizon is hard and devoid of organic matter because it is made of broken-up bedrocks.
This layer is not penetrated by plant roots. This layer connects the inner layer of the earth
to the upper A and B horizons.

6. R Horizon (Bedrock)
- It is composed of unweathered igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that are
found beneath all layers. It is extremely compact. The bedrock is composed of granite,
basalt, quartzite, sandstone, and limestone.

To sum up your learnings in the discussion, let’s answer the activity about “types and layers
of soil”. You can answer this activity through https://nearpod.com . Your Science teacher will be
the one to provide the code or link in order for you to have an access in the activity. You will
accomplish this during synchronous class.

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 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Share your personal insights about the given statement below to complete the idea. Send
your answer in your Genyo account.
After understanding about kinds and layers of soil, I learned that _____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
Earth’s surface is formed such as soil through ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

ASSESSMENT and EVALUATION

Assessment Task No. 1

Directions: Answer Let Us Organize on page 262 in your Science book. Take a photo of
your answers and send it via Google Classroom.

Assessment Task No. 2

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Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Directions: Answer Brain Crunch A on page 279 in your Science book. Take a photo of
your answers and send it via Google Classroom.

REFERENCE/S
Papa, Eduard Christian R. et. al. (2021). Science for Smart Learners Grade 5 (pp.251 – 265).
Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc.
Soil. Revived on 01 April 2022 from,
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-explained/forms
Types of Soil. Revived on 01 April 2022 from, https://chalkboardpublishing.com/quizzes/topic-
three-types-of-soil/
Layers of Soil. Revived on 01 April 2022 from, https://www.sciencefacts.net/soil-horizons.html

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