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Content:
1. Cover Page
2. Title Fly
3. Letter of Transmittal
4. Supervisor Declaration
5. Acknowledgement
6. Table of content
7. Executive Summary
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Example: Bedford, D. A. D. (2017). Enterprise information architecture: An overview (Report
No. WA-RD 896.4). Washington State Department of Transportation.
https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/896-4.pdf
A Overview of Business Research Method by William Zikmund’s Book- (Chapter- 10
Survey Research: Communicating With Respondents)

Summarize ways researchers gather information through interviews-

 Mobile Surveys Catching On, and Catching Respondents “On the Go”! -
The use of cell phones the use of cell phones as a basic communication and
information management device has led to several new ways to capture the opinions of
others.as a basic communication and information management device has led to
several new ways to capture the opinions of others. Mobile surveying technologies
now integrate SMS text messaging with electronic surveys. If a phone has SMS
technology, recipients of a mobile survey receive an SMS text message, where they
can answer single or multiple-choice questions, or even provide open-ended responses
to questions, anytime or anywhere. The use of these types of “instant feedback” survey
responses can have many different business applications.

Interviews as Interactive Communication

When two people engage in a conversation, human interaction takes place. Human interactive
media are a personal form of communication. One human being directs a message to and
interacts with another individual. When most people think of interviewing, they envision two
people engaged in a face-to-face dialogue or a conversation on the telephone or by sitting
infront of one another.
Noninteractive Media
The traditional questionnaire received by mail and completed by the respondent does not
allow a dialogue or an exchange of information providing immediate feedback. So, from our
perspective, self-administered questionnaires printed on paper are noninteractive. This fact
does not mean that they are without merit, just that this type of survey is less flexible than
surveys using interactive communication media.
Personal Interviews
To conduct interviews, the researcher may communicate with individuals in person by going
door-to-door or intercepting them in shopping malls, or interviews may take place over the
telephone. Traditionally, researchers have recorded interview results using paper and pencil,
but computers are increasingly supporting survey research. In this section, we examine the
general characteristics of face-to-face personal interviews, then compare the characteristics of
door-to-door personal interviews and personal interviews conducted in shopping malls. The
next section examines telephone interviews.
Door-to-Door Interviews
The presence of an interviewer at the door generally increases the likelihood that a person will
be willing to complete an interview. Because door-to-door interviews increase the
participation rate, they provide a more representative sample of the population than mail
questionnaires. For example, response rates to mail surveys are substantially lower among
Hispanics whether the questionnaire is printed in English or Spanish.4 People who do not
have telephones, who have unlisted telephone numbers, or who are otherwise difficult to
contact may be reached using door-to-door interviews. However, door-to-door interviews may
underrepresent some groups and overrepresent others based on the geographic areas covered.
Callbacks
When a person selected to be in the sample cannot be contacted on the first visit, a systematic
procedure is normally initiated to call back at another time. Callbacks, or attempts to recontact
individuals selected for the sample, are the major means of reducing nonresponse error.
Calling back a sampling unit is more expensive than interviewing the person the first time
around, because subjects who initially were not at home generally are more widely dispersed
geographically than the original sample units.
Mall Intercept Interview
Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are referred to as mall intercept interviews,
or shopping center sampling. A major problem with mall intercept interviews is that
individuals usually are in a hurry to shop, so the incidence of refusal is high typically around
50 percent. Yet it is standard practice for many commercial research companies, who conduct
more personal interviews in shopping malls than it conducts door-to-door.
Telephone Interviews
For several decades, landline telephone interviews have been the mainstay of commercial
survey research. The quality of data obtained by telephone is potentially comparable to the
quality of data collected face-to-face. Respondents are more willing to provide detailed and
reliable information on a variety of personal topics over the phone while in the privacy of
their own homes than when answering questions face-to-face.
Self-Administered Questionnaires
Many surveys do not require an interviewer’s presence. Researchers distribute questionnaires
to consumers through the mail and in many other ways (see Exhibit 10.1). They insert
questionnaires in packages and magazines. They may place questionnaires at points of
purchase or in high-traffic locations in stores or malls. They may even fax questionnaires to
individuals. Questionnaires can be printed on paper, but they may be posted on the Internet or
sent via e-mail. No matter how the self-administered questionnaires are distributed, they are
different from interviews because the respondent takes responsibility for reading and
answering the questions