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Example of references at the end of an assignment using the Harvard Referencing System

Referencing is a method of acknowledging sources of information that you have included in your written work. The Harvard Referencing System (also known as the
'Author-Date' system) is used at Jirrahlee Botanic Garden.

Alert icon.Check with your online teacher for the preferred method of referencing.

What information is included in each reference?

When using the Harvard Referencing System each reference includes information in the following order.

Harvard Referencing System

Author's surname and initials.

Year of publication.
Title of the book (italics for word processing and underlined for typewritten).
Publisher.
Place of publication.

References should be listed in alphabetical order by author, and are usually placed at the end of a submission or assignment, unless directed otherwise.

Here are examples of referencing:

Books and reports

Acts and standards
Articles and scientific papers
Media sources (radio, television, video, World Wide Web and CD-ROM)
Conversations, interviews, letters and telephone calls

Books and reports

One author:

Capon, B.1992, Botany for gardeners, Batsford, London.

Two authors:

Olde, P. & Marriott, N. 1995, The Grevillea book, vol. 1, Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW.

Three authors:

Raven, P.H., Evert, R.F. & Eichhoorn, S.E. 1992, Biology of plants, 5th edn, Worth, New York.

More than three authors:

Marchant, N.G. et al.1987, Flora of the Perth region, part 2, Western Australian Herbarium, Perth.

Editor:

Scheltema, M. & Harris, J. (eds) 1995, Managing Perth's bushlands, Greening Western Australia, Perth.

Corporate author:

Western Australian Planning Commission 1996, Coastal planning and development in Western Australia: towards a policy framework, Western Australian Planning Commission,
Perth.

No author:

Style manual for authors, editors and printers 1994, 5th edn, Australian Government Publishing Services, Canberra.

Unpublished report:

Environmental Science, Murdoch University 1995, Urban bushland management plan: Murdoch superblock, unpublished draft report, Murdoch University, Perth.

Van Luyn, W. 1995, Biology Project 301/302, Minimum areas for viable populations of the southern brown bandicoot (Isodoon obesulus), unpublished report, Curtin University of
Technology, Perth.

Back to sub heading links.

Acts and Standards

The titles of State and Commonwealth Acts, Ordinances and Regulations should be cited exactly including the spelling and capitalisation.

Acts

Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth).

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 (WA).

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Standards

Standards Association of Australia 1996, Australian Standard: Potting mixes (AS3743-1996), Standards Australia, North Sydney.

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Articles and scientific papers

Journal:

Rieger, M.A. & Sedgley, M. 1996, 'Effect of day length and temperature on flowering of the cut flower species Banksia coccinea and Banksia hookeriana', Australian Journal of
Experimental Agriculture, vol. 36, pp. 747-753.

Chapter within an edited book:

Dixon, B. & Keighery, G. 1995, 'Suggested methods to control weeds', in Managing Perth's bushlands, eds M. Scheltema & J. Harris, Greening Western Australia, Perth.

Encyclopaedia article:

Factors affecting plant growth 1992, The World book encyclopaedia, vol. 15, pp. 563-564.

Newspaper article (signed);

Evans, S. 1998, '$10m Australian olive oil venture takes root', The Australian Financial Review, 3 March, p.6.

Newspaper article (unsigned):

The West Australian 1998, 'Plan for road done by stealth: group', 25 Feb., p.10.

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Media sources

Radio or TV broadcast:

Radio National 1998, Earthbeat, 28 Feb.

Video recording:

Attenborough, D. 1995, The private life of plants, part 5 (video recording), BBC TV, London.

CD-ROM:

Rex/'96 1996, Revegetation expert system (CD-ROM), PCWare Australia, Sydney.

Web source:

Quinion, M.B. 1996, Citing online sources: advice on online citation formats, URL: http://clever.net/quinion/words/citation.html (updated 28 May 1999, accessed 18 January
2001).

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Conversations, interviews, letters, telephone calls

Corbyn, D. 1998. Xerophytes (personal communication, 28 Feb.)

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