CONFIDENTIAL NAVPERS 92924 PART 2 EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL MANUAL SURFACE ORDNANCE FOR SarnrtthSalav/a0 NONNATO oss gar etrmen 5 U.S. NAVAL SCHOOL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL INDIAN HEAD, MARYLAND CONFIDENTIALr 1 (C) INTRODUCTION. ee © This section contains general information on U.S$.R. projgetiles, 20-mm through 305-min. * is divided inta five tpajor categories: (1) fixed (cartridge), ed, and (5) consumable, Examples of this - 4 USSR. artillery ammunit 242) separate loading, (3) semi-fixed, (4) sepa ammunition are showit in Figure 4.° / Fixed ampaunition of calibers up to and including.100-insiyare ttsed by the U.S.S.R. Sep- arated ammunition is used in’107-mm, 122-mm, and-152-min guns. Separate lodding ammu- ~ nition is used in all guns and howitzers larger than 152-mm; smaller caliber howitzers use semi-fixed ammunition, and consumable ammunition is used in 82-mm and 107-mm recoil- less rifles. ee . Most of the projectiles described in this sectiom haye been employed by the North Korean - and:Chinese Cominunist Forces, but only a few: projectiles manufactured since 1948. Specif- ically small arms ammunition and armor-piercing projectiles have appeared in Korea. It is believed that the U‘S.S.R, is still utilizing materials (such as powders and propellants) ob- tained under Lend Lease, as there.is evidence that U.S. manufactured propellants are being - used in some U.S.S.R. 85-rum.ammanition. - ra oe 1-1 (C) CLASSIFICATION : Lenka es USS.R. projectiles are classified herein in six’majot groups: armor-piercing, concrete pierc- « ing, high explosive, fragmentation, chemical, and miscellaneous: : ONFIDENTIAL : 1SEM FXEO SEPSRRTE LOADING Figure 1 (C).. Typical U.S.S.R. artillery ammunition (C).1-2 (C) FUZING USSR. projectile fuzes are usually of conventional design. Fuzes are classified by location in the projectile. There are two main categories; point detonating (PD), and base detonating (BD). They are also classified by their type of action, such as impact, combination (time and impact), or time fuzes. The U.S.S.R. possesses the technical details of proximity (VT) fuzes, but no U.S.S.R. proximity fuze has been encountered. The recent appearance of time fuzes incorporating a self-destroying feature indicates that improvements are being made in U.S.S.R. fuze designs. : All currently known U.S.S.R. base detonating fuzes are designed to function following im- pact of the projectile. Delay action is achieved by incorporating a delay péllet in the fuze. Some U.S.S.R. point detonating impact fuzes are equipped with a nose cap which may be removed before firing for instantaneous action or which may be left on the fuze to give a slight delay action. (U.S. fuzes with the latter action would be called “‘nondelay”; by U.S.S.R. definition, a delay fuze has a delay of 0.01 second or greater; by U.S. definition 0.02 second or greater). Impact fuzes are also made with delay pellets for longer delay. U.S.S.R. time fuzes may be of the powder train vv mechanical type; however, they usvially have a powder train and ave fitted with « (time adjusting) ring or rings for seeting the desired delay sims, Most of these time fuzes «1+ combination types, capable of producing aerial or ground bursts. U.S.S.R. projectile fuzes are constructed of various materials, among which are brass, alumi- num, steel (often plated with a metallic wash), and plastic. ‘The degree of safety in handling and firing forms the basis of another U.S.S.R. projectile tuze classification. “Unsecured” fuzes are unsafe in handling or firing; “Semi-secure” fuzes are safe to transport, but are not bore safe; “Safe” fuzes are safe to handle and fire, and are bore safe Currently known U.S.S.R. projectile and projectile fuze combinations are given in Table 1 13 (C) COLOR CODING ‘The current U.S.S.R. color code system has been used since 1938. 13.1 (C) Painting, In peacetime, U.S.S.R. projectiles 76-mm and larger are normally painted grayish-green with appropriate identifying color bands. Bourrelets and rotating bands are ain shed. rather than painted. Shrapnel projectiles are exceptions; they are painted but do CONFIDENTIAL 3CONFIDENTIAL3 3 = s 3 e a = 5 8 e a & 2 a of 4 4 3 g 7 3 3 & CONFIDENTIALFuze Combinations (Continued) (U) Table 1 (C). U.S.S.R. Proje: LED AND FUZES ii lta Jalsa ‘CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL‘suunviou ¢cg-g ww-g9e 9g wrEDe sy UF 22m} cs9p 98942105 9ML T fy) ui bery Bunouorep Wied [HOY OM! 46 ZyV°5 SH ys ee Set \ ousiep Wes LON cf 2 Ado> uowieg ay Uy >| s810N, 0 Thee CONFIDENTIALAN te A * 2 4 not have color bands, Ball shrapnel projectiles are painted velluw. Bar shrapnel projectiles are painted khaki. During wartime, all projectiles are left unpainted except for identifying color bands on cet tain types. These unpainted projectiles are sand scoured, have the color bands (if any) and other pertinent identifying markings applied, and then are heavily coated with a thick grease for protection. This grease coating must be removed carefully in order to prevent disintegra- tion of stenciled markings and color bands. The following types of projectiles are normally unpainted in wartime, painted grayish-green in peacetime, and have no color bands in either case, unless the projectile is cast iron: Armor-piercing (AP) without incendiary element Armor-piercing, traced (AP-T) without incendiary element Canister Fraginentation (FRAG) Fragmentation high explosive (FRAG-HE) High velocity armor-piercing (HVAP) High explosive (HE) High explosive antitank (HEA) 13.2 (C) Color Bands. These bands are usually located between the bourrelet and rotating bands. They help identify the projectile by type or method of manufacture. The meanings of U.S.S.R. projectile color bands are as follows: Blue... 2... 2... Concrete piercing Green. 2 2 2. 1 1... es ss Gas (one band, non-persistent; two bands, persistent) White geet pester etree taeeeet eee ee illuminating! Red. 2. 2. 2 ee... 2s. Incendiary, armor-piercing incendiary, and armor-piercing incendiary, traced Nello Ge ge ee Shrapnel! ball Khaki. 2 2... 2... Shrapnel, bar 8 CONFIDENTIALUN BEAL Black 1-4 (C) MARKINGS seunUN ew Smoke (a black band directly above the rotating band indicates the projectile is cast iron). Coniplete rounds, projectiles, and propellant charges (whether in cartridge case or powder bag) are designated by an identification code marking, This marking consists of combinations of Arabic numerals and Cyrillic letters and may appear in full or shortened form. The full identification code consists of three components, separated by dashes, which are positioned in the following order: 1. Two numerals, identifying the supplying department of the ordnance corps. w A group of one to four letvers of the Cyrillic alphabet, designating the item by type. 3. A group of three numerals which identify the item or model, and which are some times followed by one to four letters giving additional information. Note. in tais section che on code. the identitie: ortened code marking consists only of the second and third components, Omission of ck ar packing: and Department 54, resp ion, since only two ordnan sare involved for propellant charg thy The shortened code appears 1.4.1 (C) Complete Rounds. The identification code of a complete round is usually stenciled in black on the cartridge cases of fixed rounds and on the packing boxes, bu not on semi-fixed and separated cartridge cases. The identification codes , | tile is usually stenciled in black on the projectile between the bourrelet and the rotating band, and on packing boxes cont found on separate loading pow ng only projectiles. The identification code of a propellant charge is der bags and cartridge cases, on increment powder bags, and on paching boxes containing cartridge cases or powder bags. P eB 'B S in The following are examples of complete round identification codes: Full Code: §3- YBP- 354CIL Shortened Code YBP- 354CIL ‘The first component, "53", identifies the supplying department of the ordnance corps Department 53 CONFIDENTIAL 9PROJECTILES AND FUZES oe CONFIDENTIAL The second component.“ $b)", designates the item by es pe asa thved Complete round with an armor-piercing traced projectile. In the third component, * 354C11", che numerals "354" signify chat the round 1s designed for use in all 76-mm divisional guns, and the letters “CII indicate that the projectile is solid shot The second component in the identification code of a complete round consists only of “Cyrillic letters identifying the complete round by type. An exception is when the Cyrillic letter “B”, meaning ““Armor-piercing™, appears in the second component and the single Cyrillic letter “{1"" appears in the third component. This designates a HVAP complete round {or projectile). identifica. The first letter “¥” (or “B”) may appear in the second component of complet tion codes but is not found in the second component of projectile identification codes. The following explains the meaning of the letters in the second component: Yo... 2 ys Fixed complete round (cartridge) He... ss. ss. Semicfixed or separate loading complete round Bo eee 2. es + Armor-piercing (AP) WBe. . 2 2 2... . Armor-piercing incendiary (AP-1) BP... . . . Armor-piercing, traced (AP-T) BUP. 5... 2... Armor-piercing, incendiary traced (API-T) We... ee. Canister Po... ea Ls. Conerete-piercing (CP) O22... ... . . Fragmentation (FRAG) O® 2. 2... . . . Fragmentation, high explosive (FRAG-HE) OOP... . . . . . . Fragmentation, high explosive, traced (FRAG-HE-T) 03... . 2... . . Fragmentation, incendiary (FRAG-I) Ow... .. . . . . Fragmentation, incendiary traced (FRAG-I-T) op... .. . . . . . Fragmentation, traced (FRAG-T) OX... .. . . . . Fragmentation, gas (FRAG-GAS)CONFIDENTIAL ~ stunun $10 X I . Gas e.. : .. . High Explosive (HE) Bllor Bh... .. . High explosive, antitank (HEAT) Cao aoe . . Hluminating (star) rs Incendiary (leaflet) Woe ee es Shrapnel Meee ee Smoke PorT 2. eee eee Traced fy... 1 ss Target practice (TP) x , ‘The third component in the identification code of a complete round, a projectile, or a pro- pellane charge consists of a group of three numerals, which are sometimes followed by one to four Cyrillic letters. The following is a list of Russian symbols and their meanings. The meanings are valid only when the letters appear after the numbers in the third component. A. 2 ss ss es + Cast iron projectile (in conjunction with a black band above and adjacent to the rotating band on explosive projectiles). A... +s ss + + Ballistic cap electrically welded to projectile (in conjunction a with a black band above and adjacent to the rotating band on armor-piercing projectile). Bo... + see + + + Uses impact fuze. A... +. ++ + + Ten-finned (applies only to mortar projectiles). Ko. 5. ss + + + + Improved model of original projectile. fh... ee ee e+ + High velocity armor-piercing (arrowhead) (when the symbol for an AP projectile “43” appears in the second component of the code) Tl... ss ss ss + Ball shrapnel (when the symbol for a shrapnel projectile, “I” appears in the second component of the code). Pp... ss + ss = + Projectile designed by Rosenberg (designer’s name). CONFIDENTIAL Wwe SIRS a ABET we FRUJEU TILED ANY rucco ©... 2... ss + Bar shrapnel (when the symbol for a shrapnel projectle, “UW appears in the second component of the code cil... 2... . . Solid shot (when the symbol for an AP projectile. "1s", appears in the second component of the code). Tee eee) Uses powder train fuze. Yo epee Reduced propellant charge. Wee ee eee ‘Six-finned projectile (applies only to mortar projectiles). Be ee + +). + Projectile of French design. MP ah ees 2 Projectile of Japanese design 14.2 (C) Projectiles, The projectile identification code (see Figure 2) is almost identical to that for complete rounds. The first component is always “53” (Department 53) and is nor- mally omitted from the projectile marking; the second component is made up of the Cyrillic letters used in the complete round identification code (except “Y” and “B” which never appear in the projectile code, since they both indicate a complete round); and the third com- ponent consists of a three digit number sometimes followed by Cyrillic letters. See Para- graph 1-4.1 for the meaning of these letters. High velocity armor-piercing (arrowhead) projectiles have a line of stamped markings around their body and various inspection stamp markings on their base. Stenciled markings are not used on this type of projectile. EXPLOSIVE FILLER. Fuze — FILLING FACTORY — "CODE CAUBER LOT AND YEAR IDENTIFICATION FILLED woee aa i weGHt CLASSIFICATION. Figure 2 (GC). U.S.S.R. projectile markings (C). ” PONFIDENTIAL15 © COMPONENTS 15.1 (Cj Cartridge Cases. U.S.S.R. cartridge cases are of conventional design, with semi- rimmed or rimmed bases. The majority of the cases are manufactured from brass, but both extruded and wrapped steel cases have been found in quantity for 122-mm howitzers. Wrapped steel cases, covered with a protective coating of lacquer, are apparently more com- mon than extruded steel cases and may appear in calibers in addition to 122-mm. 1.5.2 (C) Powder Bags. Increment charges which are inserted in metal cartridge cases are usually made of cotton fabric. Such powder bags may be found in the cartridge cases of either fixed or semi-fixed ammunition. Separate loading powder bags are made of a silk fabric. 1-5.3 (C) Primers. The standard U.S.S.R. primers for fixed, semi-fixed and separated am- munition are percussion primers, and usually thread into the base of the cartridge case. The standard primer for separate loading ammunition is a percussion type primer which is inserted directly into the breechblock of 152-mm and larger caliber guns. 1-54 (C) Propellants, The following isa list of propellant symbols with their meanings. Hew ee eee Double-base propellant (nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, and dinitrotoluene). Beer ee . Double-base propellant (nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine). WB... ee Double-base propellant containing a stabilizer. HAT-3 2... eee Double-base nitrocellulose propellant containing 3% dinitrotoluene. 6 BCK. 6 ee ee ee Flashless propellant. [too ao Gc000 Flashless propellant. BICK 6 ee Flashless propellant. B/ABL Propellant with a high nitrogen content, MHS ee . . Nitrocellulose propellant (stick or tubular). | MH. 2 ee ee Propellant comparable to U.S. smokeless, flashless nonhygroscopic propellant (this symbol is sometimes found elsewhere on the - cartridge case). UM eee Fine-grain cord nitrocellulose propellant, ° : CONFIDENTIAL 13We rp Of cB cM ol yo B/B. Onn. . PPAOMT . HEP... Kame ur Xo. Strip propellant. Flake propellant. . Tubular propellant. Porous propellant. = Nitrocellulose multiperforated grain propellant. Propellant prepared from new nitrocellulose . Propellant charge which has been prepared from propellant of different lots. . Old propellant which has been reworked and a stabilizing agent added. . Stabilized propellant. Unstable propellant. . Unstable propellant (found at the end of the propellane data line). . Propellant of low stability. . Propellant dusted with graphite (used as a lubricator). « Graphited propellant. . Old propellant which has been reworked. . Propellant stabilized with camphor. Flash reducing salt. Propellant used for practice. 1-5.5 (C) Mortar Propellant Charges. Mortar propellant charges are composed of a number of propellant increments and an ignition cartridge. The propellant increments are either fitted around the boom or inserted between the fins, depending on the projectile. The igni- tion cartridge resembles a shotgun shell except for a slight bulge in the case which assures a friction fit to retain the ignition cartridge in the boom. “ CONFIDENTIALVat Cy Prapestes with ther meen \ AO, > ARO vt 40 ar 90 Ate. 40 AIX Des ALIN-2. we. ur ABT. fillers The followmg 1 « hist of explosive and chemical filler symbols EXPLOSIVE FILLERS Amatol (ammonium nitrate and TNT). Amatol, ammonium nitrate (60%), TNT (40%). Amatol, ammonium nitrate (80%), TNT (20%). Amatol (40%), TNT (60%). . Amato! (90%), TNT (10%).- Stabilized amatol (40%-60%). RDX, aluminum and wax. RDX (73%), aluminum (23%), and wax (4%). . TNT (70%), dinitrobenzol (30%). . TNT (80%), dinitrobenzol (20%). Picric acid. «TNT (trotyl). . TNT (80%), RDX (20%). . Trotyl sulfite. _ TNT and RDX (numbers following denote percentage of TNT). . ‘TNT and aluminum powder. . RDX (cyclonite or hexogen). __ Schneiderite (ammonium nitrate and dinitronaphthalene). | Schneiderite (88%), TNT (12%). Dinitrobenzol. Dinitrobenzol and TNT. CONFIDENTIAL 15PROJECTILES AND FUZES Pra ad ne * CHEMICAL FI ha. | White or ¥ellow phosphorus Po. = + Mustard gas. ha eee . eve. Adamsite gas Pie ee er eee Levcsite ee, PAG ae eee me eooree naa AP cee eee Thermite and phosphorus. 2 (C) ARMOR PIERCING PROJECTILES ‘The USS.R. has five types of armor-piercing projectiles: AP, APT, APL-T, HVAP-T, and AP-HE | incal ULS.S.8. armor-piercing projectilus are showes ih: Figure: 3: 1B Co SEES 8 Fired in Table 2. Fie USS.R. produces armor piercing projectiles with explosive Hers snd armor piercing wed shot, with and without windshields, armor-piereing caps and hoods Windshields may be secured to the various types of armor-piercing projectiles by crimping and/or spot welding by threads, or by a locking ring. Windshields are used to str: eles during flight and crush upon impact. A.cap or hood is of very hard material and is de- signed to place the initial strain on the armor plate and co provide a strong circuiinferential Support to the nose of the projectile until it has penetrated deep into the plate, A cap or hood may be blunt so that the projectile will penetrate the targer even though 1 strikes at an oblique angle. line armor picreing proje ‘The U.S.S.R. HVAP projectiles are based on Gefman designs introduced early in World War Il. the one shown in Figure 3 has a very hard tungsten carbide core. This type of core is effective in deep penetration of armor. AP-HE projectiles are used against armored or reinforced concrete targets These projectiles a sntain a relatively small explosive charge (about 6% by weight). Armor piercing projectiles that contain afi explosive filler use a base detonating fuze with a delay element. ‘The delay permits the projectile to penetrate the target before exploding. 3 (C) CONCRETE PIERCING PROJECTILES U.S.S.R. concrete piercing projectiles are thick-walled and of heat-treated steel. They con- tain a bursting charge, weighing 7% to 18% of the total projectile weight Only base detonating fuzes which incorporate delay elements are used in these projectiles. a PAMEINENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Oru UN ow BANU 2) . sou se" Sy B0Dy : 7 TRAGER TUNGSTEN CARBIOE ‘cont TRACER -7.MM BR 167 (APT) Figure 3 (C). U.S.S.R. armor piercing type projectiles (C). Table 3 lists the characteristics of U.S.S.R. concrete piercing projectiles. Figure 4 shows a typical U.S.S.R. concrete piercing projectile. These projectiles are of large caliber, usually 152-mm or larger. 4 (C) HIGH EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES ‘The U.S.S.R. has the following types of high explosive projectiles: HE, HEAT, and HEI-T. Figures 5 and 6 show HE and HEAT types, respectively. Characteristics of U.S.S.R. high ex- plosive projectiles are listed in Table 4. PANFINENTIAL WwPHUJECTILES AND Fuces evr ween Table 2°C: Characteristics of US.S.R. Armor-Prercnig Tyee Frc o 100-mmm 18 ueR4128 YBP.4125, COMPLETE ROUND PROJECTILE pram perverse (aca eee or em | | TYPE “Doom Juarie7 | sineier | 32 | 151 [ar.t67 ivan eres NONE APT ‘Som [uB20 | viz 8-240 a2 | 68 0.6. [AP uar23 | vipa | sa | wo [ero vie | ten fart uazR203 | ¥B3P.249 R200 ai? | oe. [ari juBzR-2438 | YBIR- AIC | 5.4 17.9 | B-240 I [APT SP eez0 | [ re uaran | vere | aa | 267 pe 69 [oan fue [6a var a7iK | ynP-2TIk : : verze | venom [ue | 21 [eranp | 39 | 60 NONE hnvap-T [uBR.2715P 143 | 267 69 APT uazR27 146 eran ot |e | 060 [art Tonm [uBRa44 | YER I 16.8 | @R-350 ua | no fi S0en. fart uarass | verasa [ier | 2s uerase | vorase | isa | 20 UBR-35aq_| YBRI5HA vas | 25 uaR-3548 | VBP-354n ri fuar-aswes | yon anc uar-ssasp | varasacti | 204 | 240 var-361 | Yor ae uars1 | vera | 253 | 328 5.00 YR a54T NONE nvae-t BR ISP BZR-3508 Bae fart 5.0m 32.5 [BR265 ie S60r. APT NONE lavap-T Teor pur B7R.465 358 [oraz | a6 | 129 130, faPt BR-4128 CONFIDENTIALToble 2 (C). Choracter:sties of U.S.S.R. Armor-Piercing Type Projectiles (Continued) ‘U) COMPLETE ROUND FUZEOUNFUZED| % UBR-412K VBR-471B 152-mm NATION) (LBS.) TYPE ak ve 1.3 tb. AP 7 fone cP, cP cP [aor 21.8 Ib. le CONFIDENTIALPROJECTILES AND FUZES Wun ene — ' EXPLOSIVE FILLER OURRELET 152.MM 6-530 (CP) Figure 4 (C). Typical U.S.S.R. concrete piercing projectiles (C). 120MM F843 d Figure 5 (C). Typical U.S.S.R. high explosive mortar projectile (C). on PAMEINENTIALFuze FUASH TUBE EXPLOSIVE FILLER TRACER U7 TRACE 122.MM BP A6OR Fuze TRACER 76.MM BP.350M cork Fue EXPLOSIVE FILLER, 76:MM BP:3520 Figure 6 (C). 'U.S.S.R. high explosive antitank projectiles (C). CONFIDENTIAL aToble 7 (Cy. Characteristics of U.S.S R Miscesionec.s Tree Pro e ste : COMPLETE ROUND PROJECTILE causer| vesiowation | wor. uencta] U-S- | GT. | LencrH | FILLER REMARKS Min) | DESIG: | FUZED| UNFUZED| y 5 5 MATION | (LBS.)| CIM.) a 450m 16.8 Jorch-200[ 24 [93 T__xose Goniater Ton 24.0 [srchaso| 137 | 128 KONE Consater 19.9 [sae [ua | 87 3.01. | Shrapnel, block powder burster : yw-352m1 Sh.252 Yue353. 24s | sh3se [er 1. : wane fs | 89 S.354R hase | 147 1 Sh-354U | 14.5 ai S354? ml va | 87 Shropeel { TG I uss fywar | 250 | a7 [sar [ua | 89 30 er, | Shroprel, block : 4 powder burster , o£ smn tao T SR2-352 300 sass] yu. 3594 ll ‘ Simm | VA8S2 aaa 99 | ise faes | 98 Oder. | Propoganda morn, filler _| cnknown ea [47 6.0 or, | Stwopnel, filler + [ oder + + wa [169 196 | Propagan filler ene known sa | 127 Shropnel, fille | vaknown Shroprel, block powder burster + = wie | 168 Tite. | Shrapnel, filler unknown, L ‘Shrapnel, block powder burster CONFIDENTIALPROJECTILES AND FUZES SECTION 3-17 US.S.R. PROJECTILE FUZES POINT DETONATING 1 (€) INTRODUCTION This section contains information on U.S.S R le Point Detonating Fazes. Informa tion on the A-37 series and the MG 8, MG.10, MG. 37, and MG 57 fuzes are presented in paragraph 1-1, The GVMZ-7 is covered in puayaph 6. The KTM-L, 2, 3, and K'TMZ-1 and 2 are presented in paragraph 11. The RGM-3 1s prese nted in paragraph 16, 1-1 (C) IDENTIFICATION Figure 1 shows the external appearance of the Mg-37, the MG-57, and gives the dimensions .of all the fuzes. Table 1 gives information for comparing the A-37 fuzes with the MG fuzes. 1-2 (C) MARKINGS ‘The U.S.S.R. designation and other loading data are stamped in the conical surface of the fuze body 1.3 (C) FITTINGS AND FEATURES 1. The shipping cap of the MG-57 is smooth and secured by a U-shaped wire. A cloth tag is attached to this wire with instructions in Russian to pull out the wire and remove the _ cap before loading. The MG-37, and fuzes that are similar to it, could In the same cap and wire arrangement as the MG-57 CONFIDENTIAL 1ost CAP y SHAH sstavunn WRENCH wot ~ SS —_— ————s = G37 Men Figure 1 (C). Fuze dimensions and external appearance of MG 37, MG-57 (C). CONFIDENTIALPe Jy ion asap 4198 04 51 194, “LOWS ‘tupontep aug s} simi 13edus, U8 s2s0%0 soed6 >: on 2818008 see 104 #024 neue, peepee. moje voweueig® ApoB “HELIO PU ute pod ON paaynn sony deo 6s160h4e o3)4M € ANY ING "LHD 8 ILS won wean snwx90) s814009 # pue Suyss utd 6 a enny oi vinous 31 es nou 10 8804 A1U UBIO} AL IEDR umeunun woe myueus nie ney Apoa ina es-ower swe en | eszow | eseln nie oyqea6veuss0.u1 Aipenodve oN “90 emounn smu0us #089 Buldayus © 8H 90 ison wun Shen 0: paisiiney Awe sya} amn smesjpuy woes opt #4 zeor ‘ovaw 8 omen siquo Aees.9 ‘eOWeN ;oVO!O wey | LOW uw wes ous suonsuny 113648 umounun covepine aniinod ou e104 0 "Le-9W etn ent ANDEX® syO07 | OLD ovaw bios reusenne o} (2-90 a 2 WORUEDH HOLY ow un wonsunuuse sesany ce uns sou0}# nao ie feusoine Wt CE-D A OU BOIGLUOSON “LE-Y OM 0 UO nue suey ‘sonooas) | “sn ween 3s qwuana5 sonuis3a s30Naes “s1are Liew TUNIS an3s 04 BWI NOILYNOIS3O neq vorueawios (9) L #1464. CONFIDENTIALeure wo AK, + nueleln te naw rusts 2. A nose cap is crimped to each fuze to seal it and retain the unpact firing pin. 3. There is a single spanner wrench hole in the fuze body. 1-4 (C) MATERIALS The fuze body and shipping cap are steel. Nose caps vary; some are steel, some are tin plated, and others are copper. 1-5 (C) ORDNANCE USED WITH : 1.5.1 (C) Projectiles Used In._The MG-10 is used in the 37-mm fragmentation/high explosive projectile 0-167 (OF-167) and in the 37-mm fragmentation traced projectile OP-167 (OR-167). : ‘The MG-57 is used in the 57-mm fragmentation traced projectile OP-281 (OR-281). 1-5.2 (C) Fuzes Used With. These fuzes are not known to be used in combination with any other fuzes. SS 2 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS These fuzes contain a primer, a detonator, a booster, an igniter, a powder train, and a locking pin charge. ° The locking pin charge is black powder; the booster charge is PETN. Weight of the booster charge in the MG-37 type fuzes is approximately 0.14 ounce: the booster charge of the MG.-57 weighs approximately 0.29 ounce. 3 (C) FUNCTIONING The A-37’s and the MG fuzes function alike. They are the same basic fuze redesigned and modified for improvement and selective application. Their similarities and differences are given in Table 1. Figure 2 shows the general arrangement of the MG-37 fuze. 31 (C) ARMING At setback, the igniter compresses its spring and impinges on the self-destruct and/or unlock firing pin. The resulting flash ignites the locking pin charge and the powder train. Centrifugal force causes the detent to compress its spring and move out of a recess in the rotor. The locking pin immobilizes the rotor until the detent clears the rotor. As the locking . pin charge burns away, the locking pin also moves out of its recess in the rotor. The rotor tecess for the locking pin has sloped walls so that movement of the rotor tends to cam the pin -out of the recess rather than to jam it. 4 CONFIDENTIALLoy cae (PRI wort % SE CHART cine aetiN roworR Figure 2(C). General arrangement of the MG-37 fuze _ The freed rotor is unbalanced, and centrifugal force causes it to turn on the pivots, aligning the primer between the impact firing pin and the detonator. ‘The impact feature is now armed, and the self-destruct feature is functioning. 3-2 (C) FIRING On impact, the impact firing pin is driven into the primer. The resulting detonation initiates the detonator; it, in turn, detonates the booster, which explodes the main charge of the projectile. > CONFIDENTIAL 533 (C) SELF DESTROYING These fares will self desenact iff impact does not occur befare the burning powder train teaches the detonator. The flame framt of the powder train initiates the detonator. This action causes the fuze to self destruct and destroy the projectile. 4 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, 1. The sclf-destmict feature is always armed; there is mo positive safety device or our- offline safery. 2. ‘Camsider the condition of the fuze spring(s) during any procedure involving a fired projectile. ‘The igniter is spring supported. 5 (C) EOD PROCEDURE 3] (C) UNAMRED CONDITION (MG-N FUZE ONLY) $1.1 (C) ‘The self-destruct feature of the other fuzes must, however, be con- sidered arme: ss of the condlition of the fuze. 541.2 (C) Procedure. Carefully pick up the round and transport it to a disposal area. 5-2 (C) ARMED CONDITION (ALL FUZES) 52.1 (C) Appearance. Consider these fuzes armed if the round has been fired. 52.2 (C) Procedure 1. Remotely jar the projectile. 2. Keeping the projectile in a horizontal position, carefully pick it up and transport it toa disposal area. 52.3 (C) ‘Alternate Procedure. Place a 1/2-pound block of TNT, or equivalent explosive, on each side of the projectile at the mid section. Dual prime the explosive charges and detonate the charges remotely. 6 (C) IDENTIFICATION Figure 3 shows the external appearance and dimensions of the GVMZ.7 fuze. The U.S.S.R. designation M3 -7 is identified as GVMZ.7 under the system of nomen- clature used in the United States. This fuze with Chinese markings is identified as the Chinese Communist Fuze G-7. 6 CONFIDENTIALSAFETY cae Figure 3 (C). External appearance and ie Except for markings, both the G 61 (C) Tyr ‘This {aze is of the setback armed, point detonating, impact fired, selective action {instan- taneous or delayed) type. 62 (C) MARKINGS AND PAINTING ‘The designation and manufacturing data are stamped on the rim of the fuze body, below. the selector switch and between the wrench flats. -two additional markings are stamped on the fuze body at a 90° angle, one above and ons swe asf of the selector switch. These are 0 for instantaneous action and 3 for delayed cone i an arrow stamped on the selector switch indicates the selected fuze setting “The pull tab has imprinted instructions for removal of the safety cap- ‘The shipping cover is painted olive drab. ‘The safety cap, selector stop pin. and booster cup secede ‘The faze body is plated. All other components have the natural color of the ma- terials used. CONFIDENTIAL 7q 2 6-3 (C) FITTINGS AND. FEATURES 1. The shipping cover is ogival shaped. It has a knurled ring which is internally threaded. The cover protects the upper part of the fuze body until the fuzed projectile is ready to be fired. ' 2. The safety cap is secured to the nose of the fuze by a U-shaped safety wire. A cloth pull tab is attached to the safety wire. 3. Two openings, located 90° apart and in a plane at right angles to the fuze axis, ap- pear midway on the fuze body. One contains a threaded closing screw with a bayonet slot which encloses the slider locking pin and locking pin charge. The other contains the threaded selector housing and selector switch, and encloses the slider. A small cavity to the left of the selector houses the stop pin which restrict selector adjustment to 90° of travel between instantaneous and delay settings. 4, There are two wrench flats on the rim of the fuze body. Threads on the fuze body just above the rim are for securing the shipping cover. 6-4 (C) MATERIALS ~ The shipping cover is steel; it is fixed to a brass ring. The fuze body is cadmium-plated steel. The safety cap, selector stop pin, and the booster cup are steel, black oxide or black phos- phate coated. The selector housing and closing screw are brass. The retainer cap is copper, and the plunger is hard wood: 65 (C) ORDNANCE USED WITH The GVMZ-7 fuze may be used in conjunction with a base-detonating fuze in 122-mm and 152-mm gun and field-howitzer projectiles. 7 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS. The GVMZ-7 and G-7 fuzes contain an igniter, locking pin charge, primer, two detonators, a delay element, and a booster. _ : The lockitig pin charge is a nitrocellulose powder pellet. The booster charge is tetryl and weighs 0.6 ounce. 8 CONFIDENTIALu PLUNGER SPRING SELECTOR SuDER BIN soe? PLUNGER —C¥LINDI PRIMER PLUNGER CYLINDER ‘SUPPORT “OCKING SLIDER SLIDER LOCKING : Pin SPRING SELECTOR STOP PIN coe CASSE ALONE 9 ONERENT INSTANTANEOUS FLASH CHANNEL cosine. 7 SCREW SLIDER POSITION 8 (C) FUNCTIONING 81 (C) ARMING ‘The fuze is prepared for use by removing beLay FLASH ‘CHANNEL ELA “ELEMENT DETONATOR. & TOWATOR Figure 4(C). Coneral vrrangenient of the GVMZ-7 fuze (C). the shipping cover, safety wire, and safety cap, and by adjusting the selector for the desired fuze action. Figure 4 shows the general arrange- ment of this fuze. “Upon firing, setback forces drive the striker rearward against its spring and into the igniter. ‘The flash from the igniter ignites the locking pin charge. As this charge burns, it frees the slider locking pin. The slider is now prevented from, moving ouly:by the plunger cylinder support. Upon impact, the plunger cylinder and the plunger cylinder support move toward the nose of the fuze. The plunger cylinder suppor expand -and force the slider against the sel CONFIDENTIAL releases the slider, allowing the slider spring to lector to a position for instantaneous or delay faction. When the selector is set for instantaneous action, the slider moves so as to uncover both flash channels. When the selector is set for delayed action, the slider moves to a posi- tion which uncovers the delay flash channel only; the instantaneous flash channel remains blocked (see auxiliary views of Figure 2). 8&2 (C) FIRING The ndIbf the fuze is crushed on impact, driving the plunger rearward. ‘The air in'the ph linder is compressed, and the resultant increase in temperature initiates the primer. “Depending on the selector setting, the flash from the primer either passes through the instatitaneous flash channel to the instantaneous train detonator, or is routed into the delay flash channel, burns through the delay clement, and initiates the delay train detonator. Either detonator fires the booster which completes the firing sequence of the fuze explosive train. 9 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTION ; 1f a projectile is found imbedded in the ground, and is suspected of being assembled with a GVMZ-7 or G-7 fuze, the initial movement of the projectile should be made REMOTELY. The fuzed projectile should always be transported or carried in a HORIZONTAL position, 10 (C) EOD PROCEDURES 10-1 (C) UNARMED CONDITION ' 10-1.1 (C) Appearance. If the round has not been fired, consider the fuze unarmed. 10-1.2 (C) Procedure. Transport the fuzed round to a disposal area. 10-2 (C) ARMED CONDITION 10-2.1 (C) Appearance. If the round has been fired, consider the fuze armed. 10-2.2 (C) Procedure. Manually, or with a pipe wrench, loosen the fuze; then carefully unthread and withdraw it from the projectile. 10-2.3 (C) Alternate Procedure. Transport the fuzed projectile to a disposal area. 11 (C) IDENTIFICATION Figure S’thows the external appearance and dimensions of the KTMZ-1 (HTM3 -1) fare which is'typical of the fuzes covered in this section. 11-1 (C) TYPE The KTM.1 fuze is setback armed and capable of instantaneous (impact) or short delay (inertia) action. The KTM-2 and the KTM-3 fuzes differ from the KTM-1 only with respect 10 CONFIDENTIAL-' bo the smaller sizes of their body threads. ‘The KTMZ fures incorporate 2 delay ele- ment above the detonstor, which causes sn * abdicional delay on both impact end > tacatis action. In all other seepccs te _£ ISTIMZ-1 is identical to the K’ fess, m eo KTMZ-3 ts identical 10 the STM-2 : 11-2 (C) MARKINGS AND PAINTING ‘The US.S.R. designation and other loading information are stamped on the conical surface of the body. The body, nose, or nose cap of these fuzes may be painted black, red, or green, or may be unpainted. - Note. The U.S.S.R. designation (KTM3-1) is identified as KTMZ-1 under the system of nomenclasure used in the United States. "41-3 (C) FITTINGS AND FEATURES — i j | / . : Figure 5 (C). External appearance aatt’: | 1a Caf dimensions of the KTMZ-1 fuze (Cl ~ 1. (A knurled nose cap is screwed on the nose of these fuzes. The nose cap may be re- moved for instantaneous action or left in place for short delay action. A metal closing cover, soldered to or crimped over the nose, is exposed when the note cap is missing ee ‘There are two spanner wrench holes in the fie; one im the nose, and the other in the body. 2. These fies ny have two shallow circomferential the nose and the body, and another at the bottom of the conical surface of the body. 114 (C) MATERIALS 1. The body, booster cap, nose, and nose cap of these fuzes ase steel. 2. The cover is usually aluminum. ; ome at the junction of ae ee 3. "The striker may be either wood or plastic.4 seeenternnp tite Seew. 12 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS 1. The primer contains a 0.01 gram priming compound. 2. The delay element in the KTMZ fuzes contains a 0.063 gram black powder charge. 3. The detonator is a 0.25 gram charge consisting of lead styphnate, lead azide and tetryl. 4, The booster cup contains approximately 8 grams of tetryl. 13 (C) FUNCTIONING The delay element of the KTMZ fuzes increases the delay time of both firing cycles on the fuze. With this exception, all the fuzes in this section function identically. Figure 6 shows the general arrangement of the KTMZ-1 fuze which is typical of the group (KTM-1, KTM-2, KTM-3, KTMZ-1, KTMZ-2). 13-1 (C) ARMING CYCLE When a projectile containing one of these fuzes is fired, setback causes the arming sleeve to move rearward, compressing the arming sleeve spring and bending the prongs of the stirrup inward. As the arming sleeve passes over the prongs, they move outward to engage the arm- ing sleeve. During acceleration, the striker and firing pin move rearward, compressing the firing pin spring. The firing pin is stopped before reaching the primer by the shoulder in the nose, and is returned to its original position by the firing pin spring before the end of acceleration. On deceleration, the arming sleeve spring expands and moves the arming sleeve, the .d stirrup and primer holder forward. This action withdraws the primer holder from the flash hole. The arming sleeve returns to its original position and the primer holder and stirrup continue forward until stopped by lugs on the retainer washer. The fuze is now fully armed. vss iMac, esd cia sb dip “uptight cop 13-2 (C) FIRING CYCLES 13-2.1 (C) Instantaneous Firing. For instantaneous firing the nose cap is removed from the fuze. On impact, the nose of the fuze is crushed, driving the firing pin rearward into the primer to initiate the explosive train. 13-22 (C) Short Delay Firing, For short delay firing the nose cap is left in place. This ef fectively strengthens the nose of the fuze so that on impact, the primer holder and stirrup are carried forward by inertia, bending the lugs on the.retainer washer and impinging the primer on the firing pin to initiate the explosive train. 14 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Always handle and transport these fuzes carefully because: 12 CONFIDENTIALcover — stRIKER —————— FIRING PIN SPRING RETAINER WASHER LUG RETAINER WASHER a ARMING SLEEVE STIRRUP PRONG ~ Devay evement ~ Booster CUP Figure 6 (C). General arr 1. Their condition cannot be positively 2. They do not have out-ofline safety features; that is, the explosive train is align at all times. 15 (C) EOD PROCEDURE 1. If the projectile is buried, attach a rope to it and from a safe horizontal position. 2. Keeping the projectile in the horizontal position, pick it u disposal area. 16 (C) IDENTIFICATION nose CaP Nose __— FIRING PIN _stRRUP __— sow ~ ARMING SLEEVE SPRING. — PRIMER HOLOER ~ FLASH HOLE — peroNaTon ster of the KTMZ-1 fuze (C) termined by examining them externally. ed, distance pull it toa p and transport it to a Figure 7 shows the external configuration and dimensions of the RGM fuzes. CONFIDENTIAL£ PROJECTILES AND FUZES wee cee 16 (C) TYPE These are setback armed, point detonating, impact or impact inertia fired, selective action (instantaneous or short delay) type fuzes. 16-2 (C) MARKINGS AND PAINTINGS ‘The fuze designation and other loading data are stamped in the fuze body. The mark- ings 0 for instantaneous action and 3 for delay action are stamped in the fuze body around the selector. The fuzes are unpainted. 16-3 (C) FITTINGS AND FEATURES The RGM fuzes have a short, flattopped nose cap. The striker does not extend above the nose, and is covered with a thin metal cup. The nose cap has a straight knurl. A circumferential groove is around the base of the nose. A second circum- ferential groove may be around the base of the conical surface of the body. Two Figure 7(C). External appearance and spanner wrench recesses are on the nose, dimensions of the RGM fuzes (C). 180° apart. A two-position selector in a recess is on the conical surface of-the body. A spanner wrench hole is located 90° from the selector. 16-4 (C) MATERIALS ‘The body, nose, and nose cap of these fuzes are steel. The striker is aluminum.“ The cover cup on the RGM fuzes is aluminum. The selector of the RGM fuzes is aluminum. 17 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS . - ‘These fuzes contain a primer, a two-increment delay element, a detonator, a relay charge, and a booster. 1" CONFIDENTIALc - ne CUNFIVEN AL i 18°C) FUNCTIONING Figure 8 shows the general arrangement of the RGM fuzes. Fuze action, either instantaneous oedelay.1s preset by means of the selector. For additional delay, the nose cap is not re: moved. ‘At setback, the arming sleeve moves rearward against the arming sleeve spring and locks with the retaining ball sleeve. Simultaneously, the inertia sleeve moves rearward against the iner- tia sleeve spring and engages the inertia pin. Note. On the RGM fuzes, a safety plunger, which prevents premature actuation, is held in the faze body by'a shear pin. If che primer should ignite in the bore of the weapon, resule- ing gases move the safety plunger rearward, overcoming the shear pin. The safety plunger eee: into the rotor, preventing movement of the rotor and alignment of the explosive train. ‘As acceleration decreases, the arming sleeve is returned to its original position by its spring and carries the retaining ball sleeve with it. When the sleeve clears the three retaining balls, centrifugal force causes the balls to move outward freeing the fring pin. (The firing pin spring prevents the firing pin from striking the primer until impact.) Also as acceleration decreases, the inertia sleeve is returned to its original position by its spring, pulling the inertia pin from the detonator shutter. Centrifugal force and spring action rotate the shutter tuntil itis stopped by a pin. The detonator is now aligned with the explogive train, and the fuze isarmed. Upon impact, if the nose cap has been removed, che striker and firing pin are driven rear- ward, and the firing pin impinges the primer. 1f the nose cap has not been removed, the primer holder and primer move forward, and the primer impinges the Airing pin. Note. An additional safety feature, a primer holder retainer, is used in the RGM fuzes. The retainer consists basically of a collar, which fits around'the primer holder. Three tangs, spaced 120° apart, extend down from the collar. Lips on the + segage the bottom surface of the fuze nose, preventing forward movement of the primer holder. The lips shear upon impact. If the selector has been set for instantaneous action, the flash channel through the selector is open, The flash from the primer goes directly to the detonator, which initiates the re- mainder of the explosive train. If the selector has been set for delay action, the flash channel through the selector is blocked, and the flash from the primer is directed to the delay element. Upon completion of its burn ing time, the delay element initiates the remainder of the explosive train. CONFIDENTIAL 15PHUJEL TILED ANU FuctS LUNriuEI ie over can ARMING SLEEVE ARMING SLEEVE ——SIRIKER ‘SPRING. RING PN RETAINING ae painter ae HOLDER RETAINER _— PRIMER, eine PN SPRING __ primer HOLDER ROTOR — SPRING petonsroR sitiror SHUTTER BOOSTER Boos DEIONATOR a ‘SAFETY PLUNGER. (HCA FUZES ONLY) SHEAR PIN INERTIA SLEEVE INERTIA SLEEVE ‘SPRING ——nerTia Pin RELAY CHARGE Figure 8 (C). General arrangement of the RGM fuzes. Inertia pin detail is shown in lower view (C). eomcincarriatSeer 19 (©) SAFETY PRECAUTION \ These fuzes may be used with or without a : nose cap. With the nose cap removed, the striker is covered only by a thin cover cup in the RGM fuzes. In this condition, the fuzes are very sensitive to shock. co. 20 (C) EOD PROCEDURES 20-1 (C) UNARMED CONDITION ‘ 20-1.1 (C) Appearance. If the fuze is un- Figure 9 (C). Dearmer positioned for daa ) Appeatance, ermined post attack on one of the RGM fuzes (C). tively that the round has not been fired, : consider the fuze unarmed. 20-1.2 (C) Procedure, Carefully pick up the fuzed ordnance and transport it to a disposal area. Do not drop, jar, or strike the fuze or ordnance. 20-2 (C) ARMED CONDITION 202.1 (C) Appearance If the fuze is damaged, or if the round has been fired, consider the fuze arme > 20-2.2 (C) Procedure 1. Assemble a caliber .50 dearmer with a standard slug. 2. Position the dearmer as shown in Figure 9 when attacking one of the RGM fuzes. ‘The slug should strike the fiize just above the juncture of the nose and body. 3, Fire the dearmer remotely. 4. Cover the exposed end of the fuze, and transport the fuze components and the ordnance to a disposal area. 20-2.3 (C) Alternate Procedure. Carefully pick up the fuzed ordnance and, keeping it in a horizontal position, transport it to a disposal area. Do not drop, jar, or strike the fuze or ordnance. ' CONFIDENTIAL~Table 4 (C). Choracteristics of U.S.S.R. High Explosive Type Projectiles (U) COMPLETE ROUND PROJECTILE wor. | LENGTH! (Les) am.) LENGTH FILLER REMARKS ce UNFUZED) ys.5.8. (UN) oT TYPE CONFIDENTIALToble 4 (C). Characteristics of U.S.S.R. High Explosive Type Projectiles (Continued) (U) COMPLETE ROUND PROJECTILE CALIBER] DESIGNATION ws. VS0m v. 80-843, 1___1 wits] mer| ot | tet ame (LBs.) (N, oe [NATION |-(LBS.) USSR. BK-4 LENGTH ) | TPE FILLER REMARKS wer. V20m Be. 462 Tos te. | HE vr-4674 |B. 462A vra6ax | p9-<2K | 55.1 7a. vra6an |e0-a62H | 56.3 10.6 16. : vr462u | 80-4627 7a, vaP-469a [BBN aaa] 57.0 3.216. | HEAT 7/50 1S2mm|vF-soe__ [80-594 |103.0 or | a9 |r 19.61. | HE vrstar_|B0-5040 vr-ssax [oo-s0eh | 1036 39 vrsue_|po.s340 vF-suan | B0-534M E VESuIN [Be 5U4H [ [ves [0.534 C . Ee bop T i rr 133 rr aa { T 32.01, | AE, woven rr “ek | HE 201 3b CONFIDENTIALPROJECTILES ANU ruces Sennen tren HE projectiles, 76-mm and larger are used by the U.8.5.R. HEAT prowectil cahbers between 76-mm and 122mm. HELE projectiles. whici are ap mn antaireraft guns. are 20-mm to 3 7 mm. HELT projectiles have point deonating fuzes designed to function instantaneously on contact with relatively light material. ‘Several of them incorporate a self-destruct feature. the purpose cf which is to destroy projectiles that miss the target at an altitude that will not endanger friendly ground troops. HE and HEAT projectiles generally employ point detonating fuzes. 5 (C) FRAGMENTATION PROJECTILES: The U.S.S.R. has the following types of fragmentation projectiles: FRAG, FRAG-HE, FRAG-T, and FRAG-LT. Characteristics of these projectiles are listed in Table 5. and typi a NATION | (LBS)] (N) | TyPE” wor is. | FRAGHE 120-mm | VOF-843 | HOb-843 | 36.2] 25.7 | OF -843 34. EL 59 VOF-8434 | BOb-B434 | 35.0" 26.3 | OF -B434 fe AT /B0 3sib. |e" Tamm | vo-4e2 _| RO-4n2 0-62 T Tie, | FRAG [0-46.28 HO. 4624 $2.3 0-4624 19.7 AT AO vor-462 | Boo-462 | 52.1 ‘OF-462 | 47.9 rt. | FRAG-HE OF -462AG] seam tp] i Sa pa ; \ ; | camef OF 4626 : ‘OF 4020 vorsu | BoP. 504 wap me |r Piso preci: VOF -536 BOb- 536. : [vor-suenc| noe-sasnif = |__—_‘[ or soa vors3e [noes F506 | vor-s4s | noses [ual ors | 8 | m8 [sew VOF-5434 mesa OF 5308 1 | vorsase | Ro s5T ono [wat me fr [mam OF -534 vorsisy | noe sy oro | 30 | we ham] oF saa 1a L ose || Ba CONFIDENTIALEXPLOSIVE PROPELLANT INCREMENT EXPLOSIVE FILLER Figure 7(C). U.S.S.R. fragmentation type projectiles (C) ™ CONFINENTIAL‘76 MM 0 350 (SMOKE) Figure 8 (C). U.S.8.R. chemical projectiles (C). CONFIDENTIAL 2CONFIDENTIAL Table 6 iC). Characteristics of U.S.S.8. Chemical Type Pra.e- tiles (U COMPLETE ROUND PROJECTILE T T CALIBER DESIGNATION | wor | LenctH| U.S. | WGT. | LENGTH FILLER REMARKS (ees)] amy | DESIG. | FUZED/ UNFUZED TD gs us. | uss. wor [ NATION} (LBS.] Um) | YO e G 76-mm_[ voKh-353] YOX-353 [er] 256 Torneo | 137 [121 FRAG-GAS, un rnown burster ‘ ‘OKh-353 Nine DORIA TOR Ta T L UOKh-354] YOX- 354 19.5 25.6 | OKh-350 137 121 [UoKh-ssanl vox. 354M za0 | 37 | 97 | ap Incendiory, 0.5 22, block powder igniter charge « 2.9 1b. | Incendiary, va Incendiary, 0.5 0z. black powder Igniter charge Ya-354 22 [pa 3.1 Ib, [ Smoke, 1 burster 1Sor 13 tb, base] 15 tb, 1.0 tb 1S Ib, ‘Smoke, tT B83? al | rte, mortr BXO-841 3.5 1b, | FRAG-GAS, mortor, unknown | borster ° wo | 9 | Incendiony : 369 [ 48 | P-4 | 4616. | Smoke, unknown By. a2ay fs ara ond asi pe Sroke, mover, BAL BAIA 120-mm unknown burster Incendiary, Smoke, mortar, Unknown burster ‘Smoke, T burster Ilumineting, ‘unknown igniter ‘Smoke [Pee CONFIDENTIAL| ‘45 MM Snch 240 (CANISTER) _-~- = ett $n 3546 (SHRAPNEL Figure 9 (C). U.S.S.R. shrapnel, canister, and propaganda projectiles (C). CONFIDENTIAL HnPROJECTILES AND FUZES SECTION 3-18 PROJECTILES OF CHINA Chines Except for the joys the general appescance ind dirwssstens of ny c interns apon identical ©. ton HEAT cairidge M307A1. Tits cartndge to be used by Comuuai aud is reported to be in use by the Viet Cong in 2c) THRE a fixed round of 57-ran recoilless rifle ammunition. It has a spin-stabilized Je, which contains a shaped charge. A nose fuze is used in the projectile. The sartridge HEAT project Neve. The'projectile may contain che base detonating element of a point initiaring, base ! detonating fuze. : . 1-2 (C) MARKINGS AND PAINTING Various markings may be stamped or painted on the cartridge case and projectile in Roman letters, Arabie numerals, and Chinese characters, ‘The cartridge may bear U.S. markings such as those illustrated in Figure 1. “The cartridge case is painted gray or olive drab, except for the stop ring and primer, which are unpainted. ‘The area on the projectile body from the rotating band to the fuze seating surface is painted black; the remainder of the projectile, including the rotating band, is unpainted. CONFIDENTIAL 1PROJECTILES AND FUZES. Lunriwen tine. 22 bia Figure 1(C). General appearance and dimensions of the Ch projectile (C). 1-3 (C) FITTINGS AND FEATURES ‘The cartridge case is cylindrical and has a straight-edge rim. The major portion of the case is perforated and encloses an interior lining which seals the perforations. -A stop ring en- circles the cartridge case just forward of the perforations; this ring ensures proper chamber-. ing of the round. There are four longitudinal slits, each approximately 1 inch long, spaced 90° apart around the mouth of the case, and four horizontal crimps evenly spaced between the slits. A primer is screwed into the center of the cartridge base by means of three equally spaced spanner wrench notches., The projectile body is cylindrical and has male threads for fuze attachment at its forward end. The base of the projectile is cylindrical but of lesser diameter than the body, andCONFIDENTIAL incorporates a closing plug sealed by a gas- check ring. There is an integral pre-engraved rotating band near the base of the projectile. An annular crimping groove encircles the projectile just aft of the rotating band; this ~ groove engages the crimps in the cartridge case to fix the projectile within the cartris ~ case. 1-4 (C) MATERALS The cartridge case is steel, except for the primer and the stop ring, which are brass. The cartridge case liner is heavy kraft paper held in place by a shellacclike adhesive. The projectile is steel except for the gas-check ring, which is copper-clad or brass-clad lead. 1-5 (C) WEIGHT The complete round weighs about 5.7 pounds; the projectile as fired, weighs about 2.7 pounds. 1-6 (C) ORDNANCE USED WITH. This projectile may be fuzed with a undesignate: Chinese point initiating fuze or with a point initiating, base detonating fuze. 2 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS The cartridge case contains a primer, an igniter charge, and a propellant charge. The primer is composed of a sensitive per- cussion cap and a two-stage primer charge peu run wie eereny aT Oa PROJECTILE HOLL _- BOOST PRU OTATING soup Boost Perey _ CLOSING ruUK, RINE (a) —_PROPLILANT cHanet eave CARTRIDGE ) 3 in CASE use _— Fea Figure 2 (C). General arrangement of the Chinese 57-mm cartridge and projectile (C). with a total weight of approximately 0.7 grams of black powder. The igniter charge consists - of approximately 17.0 grams of black powder, and the propellant charge consists of approxi- mately 1.0 pound of double-base propellant. ‘The projectile is fuzed, and contains a shaped charge consisting of approximately 0.35 pound of cast TNT or Pentolite 50/50, a solid tetryl booster pellet weighing approximately 10.9 grams, and a hollow tetryl booster pellet weighing approximately 7.3 grams. CONFIDENTIAL 3,- PROJECTILES AND FUZES 7 CONFIDENTIAL ae 3 (C) FUNCTIONING When the primer in the cartridge case is ignited, it initiates the igniter charge, which burns through the paper lining of the flash tube and initiates the propellant charge. Propellant “gases force the projectile through’ the bore of the rifle, pass through the perforations in the Cartridge case, and are expelled through openings in the rifle breechlock, thus reducing recoil. The engagement of the bore rifling by che projectile bourrelet and rotating band impatts spin to the projectile as itis fired, and the resulting centrifugal force arms the fuze in flight. ‘The fuze fires upon impact, and the detonator flash is directed through the liner extension, which it pierces, thus initiating the booster charges. The booster charges, in turn, injtiate the shaped charge. : 4 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS There are no specific safety precautions. Observe the general safety precautions regarding the approach, attack, and disposal of unexploded projectiles. . 5 (C) EOD PROCEDURES Render safe the fuze, and dispose of the projectile as follows: 1. Position of 1/2-pound block of explosive on either side of the projectile opposite the junction of the projectile and the fuze. 2. Detonate the explosive charges remotely. a CONFIDENTIALCUNFIVENTIAL PROJECTILES AND FUZES SECTION 3-19 PROJECTILE FUZES OF CHINA 1 (C) IDENTIFICATION Figure 1 shows the external appearance and dimensions of the Chinese Type 8 fuze. This fuze is known to be used by Communist China. 1-1 (C) TYPE ‘This is a setback armed, point detonating, impact fired fuze. It is considered to be capable of super-quick action, but also functions nondelay with an inertia feature. 1-2 (C) MARKINGS AND PAINTING Chinese and Roman letters and Arabic numbers may be stamped on the fuze body above the seating surface. The fuze is unpainted. 1-3 (C) FITTINGS AND FEATURES 1. The fuze body is cylindrical, and flares to a larger diameter toward the seating sur- face. Two wrench slots, 180° apart, are in the flared portion of the fuze body at the fuze seating surface. 2. An annular groove encircles the fuze, just below the firing pin retainer. 3, ‘The striker protrudes from the nose of the fuze and is retained by a screw-on re- taining ring. A thin metallic sealing cap covers the nose of the fuze. . CONFIDENTIAL1-4 (C) MATERIALS STRIKER, The fuze is brass except for the lock balls and springs, which are steel, The sealing cap is either lead or aluminum. SPANNER 1-5 (C) ORDNANCE USED WITH weve This fuze is known to be used in CHICOM 60-mm high capacity and 82-imm HE mortar rounds. 2 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS. This fuze contains a primer and a two- increment detonator. The upper charge of the detonator is 1.52 grams of mercury fulminate; the base charge is 1.23 grams of tetryl. 3 (C) FUNCTIONING Figure 1 (C). Appearance and dimensions Figure 2 shows the general atrangement of of the Type 8 fuze (C). the Type 8 fuze. During acceleration, setback causes the sleeve to compress the safety spring past the lock ball. The sleeve becomes wedged on the sleeve retainer and the lock ball is released, freeing the primer carrier from its housing. During deceleration, the primer carrier can creep for- ward unrestrained until it contacts the stop. On impact, the firing pin and the primer carrier housing move toward each other. Movement of the primer carrier housing is slowed by the firing pin spring. As the firing pin enters the primer carrier, the detent balls are cammed outward and lock the primer carrier to the for- ward end of the primer housing. The primer carrier housing and the parts attached to it, act as an inertia weight. Now, almost simultaneously, the firing pin pierces the primer as the combined momentum of the primer carrier and the primer carrier housing carties the primer onto the firing pin. The flash and shock wave from the primer initiate the detonator. Note. Variations in the fuze functioning will occur on near normal and on oblique impact, and even for normal impact if there is little or no creep action. 4 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTION Remove an embedded projectile remotely. The fuze has an in-line firing pin, a powerful firing pin spring, and a floating primer carrier. 2 CONFIDENTIALDETENT BALL (2) SLEEVE FIRING PIN: sToP DETAIL OF PRIMER CARRIER FIRING PIN. SPRING PRIMER CARRIER HOUSING. ‘SLEEVE pais " i PRIMER CARRIER PRIMER sary : SPRING ( SLEEVE RETAINER DETONATOR Figure 2(C). General arrangement of the Type 8 fuze (C). 5 (C) EOD PROCEDURES 5-1 (C) UNARMED CONDITION 5.1-1 (C) Appearance. If the round has not been fired, and the fuze is undamaged, con- sider the fue anarmed. 5.1-2 (C) Procedure. Carefully pick up the round and transport it to a disposal area. CONFIDENTIAL 35-2 (C) ARMED CONDITION 5.2-1 (C) Appearance. If the round has been fired, or it the fuze 1s damaged. consider the fuze armed. 5.2-2 (C) Procedure, Carefully pick up the fuzed ordnance and transport it to a disposal area. 5-2.3 (C) Alternate Procedure. Remotely remove the fuze from the ordnance, and trans- port the fuze and ordnance to a disposal area. 4 CONFIDENTIALGRENADES 7 AND MISCELLANEOUS EXPLOSIVE DEVICES SECTION 5.2 ‘ GRENADES OF SOVIET UNION (US.S.R.) = 1 (C) INTRODUCTION ’ This section provides general information on grenades of U.S.S.R. manufacture, and includes J individual paragraphs on specific grenades. Other grenades of the U.S.S.R. will be included in additional paragraphs as information becomes available. __ 2 (C) HAND GRENADES General information relative to U.S.S.R. hand grenades is not available at this time. Data will be included when available. 3 (C) RIFLE GRENADES General information relative to U.S.S.R. rifle grenades is not available at this time. Data will be included when available. Z 4 (C) INDEX - ‘The following paragraphs of this section provide specific information on individual U.S.S.R. grenades. The list below provides a ready reference. ITEM PARAGRAPH RPG-43 5 RKG-3T 6 F-1, RG-42, RGD-5 7 CONFIDENTIAL 1EXPLOSIVE DEVICES oo 5 (C) U.S.S.R. GRENADE, HAND, ANTITANK, RPG-43 5-1 (C) IDENTIFICATION This grenade is designated PII-43 under the U.S.S.R. classification system. Under the U.S. classification system it is designated ReG-43. Figure 1 shows the external appearance and dimensions of the RPG-43 high-explosive antitank (HEAT) hand grenade. 5-1.1 (C) Type. This is a hand-thrown, stabilized-in-flight, shaped-charge grenade. It is pull-pin armed and impact-inertia fired. 5-1.2 (C) Use, The RPG-43 HEAT hand grenade is used against armored vehicles and pill-boxes. It can penetrate approximately 3 inches of armor. In addition to the Soviet Union, the grenade 7 is used by Soviet Bloc countries, Communist : 4 China, and North Korea. Figure 1 (C), External appearance and 5-1.3 (C) Markings and Painting. The dimensions of the RPG-43 grenade. Inset grenade is painted olive drab, except for an shows slot for handle insertion (C). unpainted wooden handle. An instructional decal may be on the grenade head. 5-14 (C) Fittings and Features, The grenade head is cylindrical, and has a flat cop and a conical base which is crimped to the bottom. A conical extension with an attached wooden handle is screwed to the base of the head. The stabilizer collar is secured to the handle by cloth streamers. A safety lever-extends along the handle from the base of the collar and is secured by a pull pin with an attached pull ring. A metal projection near the end of the safety lever fits into a slot, further securing the lever to the handle 51.5 (C) Materials, The body, stabilizer collar, and safety lever are sheet steel. The handle is wood. 5-2 (C) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS This grenade contains a main charge and a detonator booster. The main charge is 21.6 ounces of TNT. The detonator booster weighs approximately 6.3 grams and consists of a priming charge, an intermediate charge, a booster charge, and an integral booster: - PANCINENTIAL5-3 (C) FUNCTIONING Figure 2 shows the general arrarigement of the RPG-43 HEAT grenade. ‘The primer-detonator assembly is carried separately from the grenade. It is screwed into posi- tion on the safety screw prior to use. When the pull pin is removed and the grenade is thrown, a compressed spring ejects the stabilizer collar and the safety lever from the handle. The stabilizer collar remains attached to the grenade by two cloth strips and stabilizes the grenade in flight. The spring and lever fall away, the safety pin falls from the safety screw, and the grenade is armed. Upon impact, the detonator-booster assembly sets forward, overcoming the anticreep spring. The primer strikes the fixed firing pin to initiate the explosive train. 5-4 (C) SAFETY PRECAUTION Always consider the grenade armed: the grenade may have been purposely armed and lefe by the enemy as a boobytrap. 5-5 (C) EOD PROCEDURES THESE PROCEDURES ARE UNTESTED AND ARE TO BE CONSIDERED MERELY AS.A GUIDE. UPON ACQUISITION OF SUFFICIENT HARDWARE, VALIDATED PROCEDURES WILL BE FURNISHED. ALWAYS CONSIDER THIS FUZE ARMED. 1. Jar the grenade remotely. 2. Carefully pick up the grenade and carry it in a vertical position to the nearest place where a high-order detonation can be tolerated. 3. Barricade as required. Place a 1/2-pound block of TNT or equivalent alongside the grenade head and detonate it remotely. 6 (C) U.S.S.R. GRENADE, HAND, ANTITANK, RKG-3T 6-1 (C) IDENTIFICATION The grenade covered in this paragraph is designated under the United States system of classi- fication as the U.S.S.R. RKG-3T antitank hand grenade. Available information indicates CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL GHENAUCS ANU mioLCLLAN CUS EXPLOSIVE DEVICES HANDLE STABILIZER ‘COLLAR DETONATOR BOOSTER ~~ srawiti7er COLLAR ~ SPRING cote __sAreTy STRIP, PIN ARMING = fi BEFORE THROWING ~~ _ INFLIGHT AND ARMEY Figure 2 (C). The top view shows the arrangement of the RPG-43 grenade. Other views illustrate the grenade’s arming sequence (C)CONFIDENTIAL ” . SELHIUN D2 there are other types of this grenade which are designated RKG, RKG-3, and RKG-3M. The dif- ferences between these grenades are unknown. herd ia Figure 3 shows the configuration, dimensions, and = os external characteristics of the RKG-3T grenade. , 6-1.1 (C) Type, These shaped-charge grenades are offensive, hand-thrown types. They are parachute- stabilized and impact-inertia fired. 6-1.2 (C) Use, These hand grenades can penetrate | between 5 and 8 inches of steel and are intended ait for use against tanks and personnel carriers. They nA are issued to armies of Warsaw Pact countries and have been used in North Vietnam and East jermany. ‘The RKG-3T grenade is manufactured and used by the Communist Chinese 1.3 (C) Markings and Painting. “7. markings and painting for the RKG-3T grenade are known conly from Communist Chinese examples. Figure 3 (C). External configuration and dimensions of the RKG- 31 ‘The RKG-3T grenade is painted olive drab. The antitank hand grenade (C): head has markings on the top and side in Roman and Chinese characters and in Arabic numerals. The markings indicate the type of grenade, model number, explosive charge, month and year ‘of manufacture and manufacturer's code. The side of the handle and the closing cap are marked with Arabic numerals. . | Note. Some RKG-type grenades are of Russian manufacture and bear markings in Cyrillic characters. 6-1.4 (C) Fittings and Features, The grenade has an elongated, two-piece cylindrical head with a crimped central seam. The forward half of the head is a standoff for the shaped charge. ‘The rear half contains a shaped-charge cone, a cast explosive charge, a booster cup with a flash retainer, and a threaded reducer onto which the handle assembly is screwed. Also located in the center of this reducer is a detonator well. ‘The primer-detonator, which is shipped separately,'is placed in the head just prior to use and is secured by the handle assembly. PANeINENTIAL 5Mines nie anyucee EXPLOSIVE DEVICES = CONFIDENTIAL The handle, a cylinder with five reinforcing ribs, has a collar at each end. A closing cap with a permanently attached safety lever attaching lug and support bar fits over the rear of the cylinder. A safety lever and a cotter pin with pull ring form the release mechanism. ‘The handle contains an inertia-actuated cocked striker firing mechanism which is held in the safe position by lock balls and a spring-loaded safety rod. A cloth parachute, located within the handle to the rear of the firing mechanism, is deployed by a coil spring and four spring- loaded wire deployment arms which are secured to the parachute corners. The firing mechanism includes-a cylinder sleeve and a firing pin sleeve. The assembly also contains an inertia weight, inertia weight lock balls, firing pin retainer, firing pin spring, firing pin, firing pin lock balls, and anticreep spring. 6-1.5 (C) Materials, All components of this grenade are steel, with the exception of the cotton parachute, lead inertia weight, fiberboard flash retainer, cardboard depressor tube, felt sealing washers, and explosive materials, Other versions of the grenade may be shect metal. (C) Weight. The RKG-3T antitank hand grenade weighs approximately 2.5 pounds. >. HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS This grenade contains a primer-detonator; a tetryl booster: and a main charge, which consists of 55% TNT and 45% RDX and weighs 21.7 ounces. The weight of the other explosive. components is unknown. 6-3 (C) FUNCTIONING Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the RKG-3T hand grenade. Because of the sensitivity of the grenade, the head, primer-detonator, and handle are shipped and handled separately. Prior to use, the primer-detonator is inserted into the detonator well and the handle is screwed onto the reducer. Before the grenade is thrown, the cotter pin is pulled out of the grenade handle. ° ~ When the grenade is thrown, the closing cap spring ejects the closing cap and safety lever. ‘The parachute spring forces the parachute out of the handle, and the two half-cylinder para- chute retainers fall away. The parachute deployment arms cause the parachute to billow out and the depressor tube to fall away. Simultaneously, the parachute carriage slides back, al lowing the safety rod lock balls to escape through ports in the parachute carriage. ‘The safety rod spring forces the safety rod out of the firing mechanism, releasing the inertia assembly lock balls and unlocking the inertia assembly. The inertia assembly is prevented from moving forward by the anticreep spring. The grenade is now armed. On impact, the inertia weight and cylinder sleeve move forward against the anticreep spring, releasing the firing pin lock balls into the groove of the cylinder sleeve. This action releases the spring-driven firing pin, which strikes the primer-detonator to initiate the firing train.‘SHAPED. —~ CHARGE ‘CONE FLASH poaee RETAINER cup — Booster THREADED __ REDUCER pane DETONATOR DETONATOR _ weut FRicrion RETAINING BALL \erria conTER PIN AND PULL = RING Bat) safety ‘ROD PARACHUTE EJECTION — HANDLE a PARACHUTE pepRessor SAFETY ‘ruse rey ocx PARACHUTE ——— X RETAINER (2) BALL) ty sarery wey rh SPRING SAFETY LEVER. hing LG — ~~ crosing car ATTACHING LUG Ingcar - CLOSING CAP UNARMED EXPLOSIVE = CHARGE Ar an Renner — ornate | eoosrer — anmicnete Sane oeronaton - Wet inc Ps frminc PIN evans Pn sieeve coon eat | CYLINDER —rvnuns ey Sleeve eave wena ween newer asset a LOCK BALL (2) ANERTIA ™ WEIGHT — CARRIAGE ‘SLEEVE STOP (3) CARRIAGE SLEEVE TOP KEY SLOT LOOK BALL CARRIAGE | — ‘SroP KEY RELEASE ‘stOP PoRT (2) SAFETY ROO _— “AND PARACHUTE aren EJECTION oe DEPLOYMENT pana PARACHUTE CARRIAGE ARMED igure 4 (C). General arrangement of the RKG-3T antitank hand grenade (C). PONEINENTIALGRENADES ANU MisLELLANEUUS EXPLOSIVE DEVICES . . CONFIDENTIAL (C) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1. This grenade has a cocked firing pin and primer in the firing assembly. 2. Never pick up or disturb an assembled grenade without first checking to see that the cotter pin is in place. 3. Never detonate this grenade without proper cover. WARNING THESE PROCEDURES ARE UNTESTED AND ARE TO BE CONSIDERED MERELY AS A GUIDE. UPON ACQUISITION OF SUFFICIENT HARDWARE, VALIDATED PROCEDURES WILL BE FURNISHED. 6-5 (C) EOD PROCEDURE 6-5-1 (C) Unarmed Condition 6-5.1.1 (C) Appearance. If the safety lever and cotter pin are in place on the grenade handle, consider the grenade unarmed. 6-5.1.2 (C) Procedure. Secuie the safety lever and the cotter pin to the grenatle handle with tape. Carefully transport the grenade to a disposal area. 6-5.2 (C) Armed Condition 6-5.2.1 (C) Appearance. If the cotter pin and safety lever are missing, consider the grenade armed. THIS GRENADE HAS A COCKED STRIKER. DO NOT MOVE OR JAR THE GRENADE. 6-5.2.2 (C) Procedure. ~ 1. Place a 1/2-pound block of TNT or equivalent explosive alongside the grenade head as shown in Figure 5. ‘The forward edge of the 1/2-pound block should be positioned at the crimped central seam on the head of the grenade. 2, Prime the charge and detonate it remotely.7 (C) U.S.S.R. GRENADES, HAND, FRAGMENTATION, F-1, RG-42, AND RGD-S 7-1 (C) IDENTIFICATION ‘The Russian fragmentation grenades 9-1, PP- 42, and PI-5 are designated under the United States system of classification as U.S.S.R. Grenades, Hand, Fragmenta- tion, F-1, RG-42, and RGD-5, respectively. Figure 6 shows the dimensions and gen- eral characteristics of these grenades. ANorth Korean copy of the F-1 is also designated F-1. A Chinese Communist copy of the RGD-5 is, however, identi- fied as the Type 59- . Figure 5 (C). Placement of charge alongside 7-1.1 (C) Tape. ‘These grenades are grenade (C). striker release, hand thrown, defensive ; types. They all use the same type fuze, which is designated UZRG. 7-1.2 (C) Use! These grenades have been used extensively throughout Communist countries. Both the F-lzad the RG-42 will soon be obsolete and will be replaced by the RGD-5 as the standard Soviet defensive hand grenade. : 7-1.3. Markings and Painting. The F-1 is painted gray or dark green; the RG-42 and the RGD-5 are painted olive drab. ‘The F-1 may have markings on the base. This base, viewed as a clock face, may have THY (TNT) at the 6 o'clock position. It may also have numbers at the 12, 3 and 9 o'clock posi- tions. ‘The shipping plug is black and may have K3K and C as well as numbers embossed on the top surface. - The RG-42 may have THT and numbers painted on its base. It may also have PP- 42 painted on the base or side. The shipping plug is brown and may be marked with the raised letters K3K on the top surface. The RGD-5 may have the identification PP'/k 5 and other markings. The fuze body is unmarked. The safety lever has the letters Y3PI'M stamped in its surface. t may also have numbers stamped or painted. CONFIDENTIAL 9 a