TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.

com
CSAT Questions

1.Aristocratic government ruins itself by limiting too narrowly the circle within which power is
confined; oligarchic government ruins itself by the incautious scramble for immediate wealth.
But even democracy ruins itself by excess of democracy. Its basic principle is the equal right of
all to hold office and determine public policy. This is, at first glance, a delightful arrangement; it
becomes disastrous because the people are not properly equipped by education to select the
best rulers and the wisest courses. The people have no understanding and only repeat what
their rulers are pleased to tell them. Such a democracy is tyranny or autocracy. – Plato

1. Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage given above?
(a) Human societies experiment with different forms of governments.
(b) Any form of government tends to deteriorate by excess of its basic principle.
(c) Education of all citizens ensures a perfect, functional and sustainable democracy.
(d) Having a government is a necessary evil because tyranny is inherent in any form of
government.

Ans. (b)
Option (a) is incorrect because, while it is mentioned in the passage, it is not the most
important or decisive point or issue.
Option (b) is correct because two types of government have been discussed: oligarchies and
democracy, and it has been demonstrated how they can devolve into tyrannies as a result of
their excesses.
Option (c) is incorrect because the author does not advocate for democracy and makes no
recommendations for how to achieve it. Although the author mentions a lack of proper
education as one of the reasons why democracy fails to achieve its goals, this is not the main
point of the passage. The reason for this is that such a conclusion would ignore the first part of
the oligarchy discussion.
Option (d) is incorrect because, while it has been suggested that any form of government can
be tyrannical, the author does not believe that any form of government should exist.

2. India faces a challenging immediate future in energy and climate policy-making. The
problems are multiple : sputtering fossil fuel production capability; limited access to electricity
and modern cooking fuel for the poorest; rising fuel imports in an unstable global energy
context; continued electricity pricing and governance challenges leading to its costly deficits or
surplus supply; and not least, growing environmental contestation around land, water and air.
But all is not bleak: growing energy efficiency programmes; integrated urbanisation and
transport policy discussions; inroads to enhancing energy access and security; and bold
renewable energy initiatives, even if not fully conceptualized, suggest the promise of
transformation.

2. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the
passage given above?

https://studychoupal.com
 TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.com
(a) India’s energy decision-making process is ever more complex and interconnected.
(b) India’s energy and climate policy is heavily tuned to sustainable development goals.
(c) India’s energy and climate actions are not compatible with its broader social, economic and
environmental goals.
(d) India’s energy decision-making process is straightforward supply-oriented and ignores the
demand side.

Ans. (a)
Option (a) is correct, as the passage discusses energy and climate policy's challenges and
prospects. The issues are numerous, and the mention of numerous factors such as sputtering
fossil fuel production capabilities, an unstable global market, and so on demonstrates how
complex and interconnected the energy decision-making process is.
Option (b) is incorrect because the statement only refers to India's energy policy as it relates to
long-term development goals. It makes no mention of the various roles that play a role in
energy and climate policymaking.
Option (c) is incorrect because it only discusses how climate action conflicts with social and
economic goals. As a result, it fails to convey the passage's key message, which deals with the
complexities of energy policymaking and the few bright spots that exist.
Option (d) is incorrect because the passage mentions rising fuel imports, which reflects
demand-side fluctuations. Furthermore, it is clear from the passage that the policy and
decision-making process is complicated by a number of factors such as the import deficit,
saturated production capabilities, and so on.

3.There are reports that some of the antibiotics sold in the market are fed to poultry and other
livestock as growth promoters. Overusing these substances can create superbugs, pathogens
that are resistant to multiple drugs and could be passed along humans. Mindful of that, some
farming companies have stopped using the drugs to make chickens gain weight faster. Since
Denmark banned antibiotic growth promoters in the 1990s, the major pork exporters says it is
producing more pigs – and the animals get fewer diseases.

3.Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the
passage given above?
(a) People should avoid consuming the products of animal farming.
(b) Foods of animal origin should be replaced with foods of plant origin.
(c) Using antibiotics on animals should be banned.
(d) Antibiotics should only be used to treat diseases.

Ans. (d)
Option (a) is incorrect because the passage says nothing about what people should eat and
what they should avoid.
Option (b) is incorrect because the passage makes no mention of substituting plant-based foods
for animal-based foods. It simply reflects the negative consequences of using antibiotics for
purposes other than treating disease.

https://studychoupal.com
 TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.com
Option (c) is incorrect because the passage makes no mention of the use of antibiotics on
animals. It only mentions the trend of reducing antibiotic use in animals due to their negative
effects on human health.
Option (d) is correct: The passage discusses the negative effects of antibiotics as growth
promoters, as well as how some farming companies, including Denmark, a major pork exporter,
have banned antibiotic growth promoters but not their use as a disease treatment drug.

4. Policy makers and media have placed the blame for skyrocketing food prices on a variety of
factors, including high fuel prices, bad weather in key food producing countries, and the
diversion of land to non-food production. Increased emphasis, however, has been placed on a
surge in demand for food from the most populous emerging economies. It seems highly
probable that mass consumption in these countries could be well poised to create a food crisis.

4. Gopal bought a cell phone and sold it to Ram at 10% profit. Then Ram wanted to sell it back
to Gopal at 10% loss. What will be Gopal's position if he agreed?
(a) Neither loss nor gain
(b) Loss 1%
(c) Gain 1%
(d) Gain 0.5%

Ans. (c)
Let's say Gopal's cost price is Rs. 100.
He made a 10% profit when he sold it to Ram. As a result, his selling price is 100 + 10% of 100 =
100 + 10 = Rs. 110.
If Ram sells it to Gopal at a 10% loss, his selling price will be 110 – 10% of 110 = 110 – 11 = Rs.
99.
In this second transaction, Gopal makes a 1% profit by purchasing a Rs. 100 pen for Rs. 99.
The group can communicate in English.

5. The number of Indians who can speak English is

(a) 20
(b) 30
(c) 30 or less
(d) 30 or more

Ans. (d)
There are 80 Indians and 40 foreigners among the 120 people.
Seventy people out of a total of 120 can communicate in English, while the rest cannot.
The maximum number of Indians who can communicate in English is 70, assuming that all
English speakers are Indians.
If all foreigners speak English, the minimum number of Indians who can communicate in English
is 30.
As a result, the number of English-speaking Indians will range from 30 to 70.

https://studychoupal.com
 TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.com

GENERAL STUDIES

1. Consider the following statements about a domestic bank that is systemically important: (D-
SIB).
1. Only public sector banks have been designated as domestic systemically important banks by
the Reserve Bank of India.
2. The size, cross-jurisdictional activities, and interconnection of banks make them systemically
important.
3. This group includes banks with assets exceeding 2% of GDP.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1, 2
b) 2 only
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

1. Correct Option: (c)

The acronym D-SIB stands for "too big to fail." Some banks become systemically important,
according to the RBI, because of their size, cross-jurisdictional activities, complexity, and lack of
substitutes and interconnection. This category includes banks with assets worth more than 2%
of GDP. The RBI stated that if such a bank failed, it would cause significant disruption to the
banking system's and overall economy's essential services.

2. Consider the following GDP deflator statements.

1. The GDP deflator reflects the prices of all goods and services produced domestically in the
economy.
2. The price of investment goods, government services, and exports are all included in the GDP
deflator.
3. The GDP deflator cannot be used to track monthly changes in inflation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1, 2
b) 2, 3
c) 1, 3
d) 1, 2, 3

2. Correct Option: (d)

The deflator for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of overall price inflation. It's
calculated by dividing nominal GDP by real GDP and multiplying by a factor of 100.
Other inflation measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Wholesale Price Index
(or WPI), exist, but the GDP deflator is a much broader and more comprehensive measure. GDP
deflator reflects the prices of all domestically produced goods and services in the economy,
whereas CPI and WPI are based on a limited basket of goods and services and thus do not
represent the entire economy.

https://studychoupal.com
 TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.com
The GDP deflator includes prices for investment goods, government services, and exports, but
excludes import prices.
While the WPI and CPI are available monthly, the deflator has a lag (yearly or quarterly,
following the release of quarterly GDP data). As a result, the GDP deflator cannot track monthly
changes in inflation, limiting its utility.

3. Consider the statements that follow.

1. The Indian form of socialism is committed to both democratic and communist socialism.
2. Democratic socialism is exclusively committed to the public sector.
3. Democratic socialism is committed to eradicating poverty, ignorance, disease, and
opportunity inequality.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1, 2
b) 3 only
c) 1, 3
d) 2, 3

3. Correct Option: (b)

The Indian version of socialism is democratic socialism, not communalistic socialism, which calls
for the nationalisation of all means of production and distribution, as well as the abolishment of
private property. Democratic socialism, on the other hand, believes in a mixed economy in
which the public and private sectors work together to eliminate poverty, ignorance, disease,
and inequity of opportunity. Indian socialism is a hybrid of Marxism and Gandhism, with a
strong Gandhian bent.

4. Consider the following statement regarding Fundamental Rights.

1. Our Constitution contains more detailed fundamental rights than any other country's
constitution, including the United States'.
2. Fundamental Rights are so named because they are guaranteed and protected by India's
Parliament, which is the highest legislative body.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. Correct Option: (a)

Part III of the Constitution is aptly referred to as India's Magna Carta. It includes a long and
detailed list of justiciable fundamental rights. Our Constitution contains more detailed
fundamental rights than any other country's constitution, including the United States'.
Fundamental Rights are so named because the Constitution, which is the supreme law of the
land, guarantees and protects them

5. E-waste can contain potentially hazardous materials like

https://studychoupal.com
 TargetPrelims2022 https://studychoupal.com
1. Brominated flame retardants
2. Phosphors
3. Cadmium
4. Beryllium
5. Lead
Select the correct answer code:
a) 1, 3, 4, 5
b) 2, 3, 4, 5
c) 1, 2, 3, 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

2. Correct Option: (d)

Lead, cadmium, beryllium, and brominated flame retardants are found in electronic scrap
components such as CPUs, which can be harmful.
CRTs contain a high amount of lead and phosphors (not to be confused with phosphorus), both
of which are required for the display.
In Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, the country's first e-waste clinic has opened. It would allow for
waste separation, processing, and disposal from both residential and commercial units.

https://studychoupal.com