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CSAT Questions

1) The IMF has pointed out that the fast growing economies of Asia face
the risk of falling into 'middle-income trap'. It means that average
incomes in these countries, which till now have been growing rapidly,
will stop growing beyond a point—a point that is well short of incomes
in the developed West. The IMF identifies a number of causes of middle-
income trap—none of which is surprising—from infrastructure to weak
institutions, to less than favourable macroeconomic conditions. But the
broad, overall cause, says IMF, is a collapse in the growth of
productivity.

1). Which among the following is the most logical, rational and critical
inference that can be made from the above passage?

(a) Once a country reaches middle-income stage, it runs the risk of

falling productivity which leads to stagnant incomes.
(b) Falling into middle-income trap is a general characteristic of fast-
growing economies.
(c) There is no hope at all for emerging Asian economies to sustain the
growth momentum.
(d) As regards growth of productivity, the performance of Asian
economies is not satisfactory.

Ans. (a)

Option(s) (b), (c), and (d) are all improbable.

Option (b) is incorrect because the passage mentions risk, which is not a
general characteristic.
Option (c) is the most extreme, stating "no hope at all."
Option (d) is incorrect because it goes beyond what the passage says.

Option (a) can be deduced from the passage because it states that the
overall cause of stagnant incomes is a collapse in productivity growth.

As a result, the correct response is (a)

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2) An innovative India will be inclusive as well as technologically

advanced, improving the lives of all Indians. Innovation and R&D can
mitigate increases in social inequality and relieve the pressures created
by rapid urbanization. The growing divergence in productivity between
agriculture and knowledge-intensive manufacturing and services
threatens to increase income inequality. By encouraging India's R&D
labs and universities to focus on the needs of poor people and by
improving the ability of informal firms to absorb knowledge, an
innovation and research agenda can counter this effect. Inclusive
innovation can lower the costs of goods and services and create income
- earning opportunities for the poor people.

2). Which among the following is the most logical and rational
assumption that can be made from the above passage?

(a) Innovation and R&D is the only way to reduce rural to urban
migration.
(b) Every rapidly growing country needs to minimize the divergence
between productivity in agriculture and other sectors.
(c) Inclusive innovation and R&D can help create an egalitarian society.
(d) Rapid urbanization takes place only when a country's economic
growth is rapid.

Ans. (c)

Due to their extreme wording, such as "only," options (a) and (d) can
be ruled out. The passage isn't clear on these points.
Option (b) is incorrect because it is too broad, as the passage's context
is limited to India, and we have a better option in the form of option (a)
(c). Option (c) is the best option because it reflects the passage's main
idea. As a result, the correct response is (c).

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3) Climate change is likely to expose a large number of people to

increasing environmental risks forcing them to migrate. The
international community is yet to recognize this new category of
migrants. There is no consensus on the definition and status of climate
refugees owing to the distinct meaning the term refugees carry under
international laws. There are still gaps in understanding how climate
change will work as the root cause of migration. Even if there is
recognition of climate refugees, who is going to provide protection?
More emphasis has been given to international migration due to climate
change. But there is a need to recognize the migration of such people
within the countries also so that their problems can be addressed
properly.

3) Which of the following is the most rational inference from the above
passage?
(a) The world will not be able to cope with large scale migration of
climate refugees.
(b) We must find the ways and means to stop further climate change.
(c) Climate change will be the most important reason for the migration
of people in the future.
(d) Relation between climate change and migration is not yet properly
understood.

Ans. (d)

The passage does not support options (a) and (c). They are improbable.
Option (b) is correct, but it cannot be strongly inferred or deduced from
the passage. In terms of options, we have a better selection (d)
From the passage, option (d) can be deduced. In fact, this is the
passage's main point.
As a result, the correct response is (d)

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4) How many numbers arc there between 99 and 1000 such that the
digit 8 occupies the units place?
(a) 64
(b) 80
(c) 90
(d) 104

Ans. (c)

100 to 999, i.e. all three digit numbers, are the numbers between 99
and 1000.
Now, for 100 to 200, the number 8 will appear 10 times at the unit's
location, i.e. 108, 118, 128.... 198.
The same will be true for number sets such as 201-300, 301-400, and so
on.
As a result, the number of times 8 will appear at unit's position between
99 and 1000 = 10* 9 = 90.

5) The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a number, and it would
be the cube of a number next year. What is the least number of years he
must wait for his age to become the cube of a number again?
(a) 42
(b) 38
(c) 25
(d) 16

Ans. (b)

Mr. X's age was the square of a number last year, and it will be the cube
of a number next year. As a result, we must find two numbers, one of
which is a cube and the other a square, with a difference of two.
Let's take a look at the cubes: 13 = 1, 23 = 8, 33 = 27, and 43 = 64.
We can see from the above that the desired numbers are 25 and 27. (i.e.
52 and 33). As a result, Mr. X's current age is 26.
When he reaches 64 years old, his age will be a cube of a number for the
first time.
As a result, the shortest time he should wait is 64 – 26 = 38 years.

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GENERAL STUDIES

1) Satya Shodhak Samaj organized

(a) a movement for upliftment of tribals in Bihar
(b) a temple-entry movement in Gujarat
(c ) an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
(e) A peasant movement in Punjab

Answer. C
Explanation:
It is a Maharashtra-based anti-caste movement led by Jyothiba Phule.

2) Consider the following statements, which are made in reference to a

State Finance Commission:
1.The State government concerned, in consultation with the Governor of
the State concerned, appoints a committee to be established annually.
2.The financial position of local governments in the state in which the
report is being written is also examined.
3. It examines the distribution of revenues among rural and urban local
governments in the state in question.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: c
Every five years, the state government is required to appoint a State
Finance Commission. As a result, statement 1 is incorrect.
This commission would look into the financial situation of the state's
local government bodies. It would also look into the revenue
distribution between the state and local governments, as well as
between rural and urban local governments. As a result of this

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innovation, allocating funds to rural and urban local governments will no

longer be a political issue. As a result, statements 2 and 3 are true.
As a result, the correct response is c..

3) In the context of the Constitution's 'basic structure' doctrine, which of

the following statements is incorrect?
1. It gave Parliament the power to amend the Constitution in any way,
including the Fundamental Rights.
2. It is not applicable to Part IV's Directive Principles of State Policy.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: c
Explanation:
In the famous case of Kesavananda Bharati in 1973, the judiciary
advanced the theory of basic structure. In the following ways, this
decision has aided the evolution of the Constitution:
• It has placed restrictions on Parliament's ability to amend the
Constitution. It states that no amendment can violate the Constitution's
basic structure; it allows the Parliament to amend any and all parts of
the Constitution (within this limitation); and it designates the Judiciary
as the final authority in determining whether or not an amendment
violates the Constitution's basic structure.
In the case of Swami Kesavananda Bharti, the Supreme Court ruled that
the Parliament could only amend the Constitution, not rewrite it. The
ability to amend is not the same as the ability to destroy. As a result, the
Parliament has the power to amend any part of the Constitution,
including the Fundamental Rights, without affecting the Constitution's
'basic structure.' As a result, statement (1) is incorrect.

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In the Minerva Mills case, the Supreme Court upholds the harmony and
balance between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. As a
result, the Basic Structure doctrine also applies to the State Policy
Directive Principles. As a result, statement 2) is incorrect as well.
As a result, the correct answer is d.

4) Which of the following is released into the environment as e-waste as

a result of improper/indiscriminate disposal of electronics items or their
parts?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Uranium
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
c) 2, 4. 5 and 7 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

Answer: b
Multiple toxic metals can be found in electrical and electronic waste (e-
waste). Metal exposure data on workers in formal recycling plants, on
the other hand, is currently lacking. A recent study by CSE assesses
workers' exposure to metals by combining biomarkers of exposure with
personal air exposure monitoring.

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5) The terms 'Maze, Lockers, and RaaS' appear in the news from time to
time and are associated with
a) Exoplanets
b) Cryptocurrency
c) Ransomware
d) Mini satellites

Answer: c
Explanation:
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infects a computer
system and displays messages requesting payment to resolve the
problem.
Key Assaults: This year, ransomware attacks are one of the most
common cyber-attacks affecting businesses. Crypto malware, Maze,
Doxware, Scareware, Lockers, RaaS, and other ransomware types are
common. Cryptoiocker, TesiaCrypt, Petya, and Bad Rabbit are some of
the most common ransomware attacks.
Consider the following scenario: Ransomware Attack Recognized
Cognizant, the IT services behemoth, admitted to being the victim of a
ransomware attack in April. The IT behemoth revealed that Maze
ransomware had infected its network. Maze is a ransomware group that
is known for releasing stolen data to the public if the victim does not
pay to decrypt it.
As a result, c is the correct answer.

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