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CSAT Questions

1. Which one of the following habits is found more often in good people?
(a) Mixing up the true and false
(b) Intentional mixing up of truth with the false.
(c) Falsification of facts
(d) Complete concealment of truth

Ans. (b)
Option (a) is correct; the passage discusses people who tell lies to avoid the consequences of
telling the truth. That is why everyone mingles the truth with the untrue. It cannot, however, be
said in terms of good human habits.
Option (b) is incorrect because the passage emphasises "their use of falsehood, more or less
deliberate" in the last line. Good people, on the whole, use lies to mitigate the harm caused by
the truth. As a result, they have a habit of deliberately mixing the truth with the false. As a
result, this option is correct.
Option (c) is incorrect because the passage does not advocate for factual falsification. It merely
focuses on the occasional inclusion of lies in the truth.
Option (d) is incorrect because the passage does not advocate for lying. The phrase "measure of
falsehood" implies that truth will only be concealed to a certain extent rather than completely.

2. Can a democracy avoid being a welfare state for long? Why cannot mass welfare be left
entirely to the markets ? There is a built-in tension between markets and democracy. Markets
do not work on a one-person- one-vote principle as democracies do. What one gets out of the
market place depends on one's endowments, skills, purchasing power and the forces of
demand and supply. Markets reward individual initiative and skill and may also lift many from
the bottom rungs of society, but some people never get the opportunity to develop skills that
markets demand; they are simply too poor and too handicapped; or skill formation takes too
long. By creating jobs, markets may be able to help even unskilled people, but capitalism has
always witnessed bursts of unemployment.

2. With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Modern democracies rely on the market forces to enable them to be welfare states.
2. Markets ensure sufficient economic growth necessary for democracies to be effective.
3. Government programmes are needed for those left behind in economic growth.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (b)

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The first statement is incorrect: "There is a built-in tension between markets and democracy,"
the passage says. The passage goes on to explain how this is done. The term "built-in" refers to
each's systemic aspects.
The second statement is incorrect: The passage's last few lines refute the claim made in
statement 2.
"Some people never get the opportunity to develop skills that markets demand," the passage
says, and "capitalism has always seen bursts of unemployment." As a result, if the market is
strong, we can assume that democracies are inefficient.
The third statement is correct: Because markets cannot ensure equity (as the various lines of
the passage demonstrate), government programmes are required to supplement market
outcomes and assist those who have not benefited from the markets' "efficient distribution of
resources."
As a result, Option (b) is the correct answer.

3. In our schools, we teach our children all that is there to know about Physics, maths and
history and what-have you. But do we teach them about the bitter caste divide that plagues the
country, about the spectre of famine that stalks large part of our land, about gender sensitivity,
about the possibility of atheism as a choice, etc.? Equally important, do we teach them to ask
question, or do we teach them only to passively receive our wisdom? From the cocooned world
of school, suddenly, the adolescent finds himself/herself in the unfettered world of university.
Here he/she is swept up in a turmoil of ideas and influences and ideologies. For someone who
has been discouraged from asking questions and forming an opinion, this transition can be
painful.

3. Which one of the following best reflects the central idea of the passage given above ?
(a) School curriculum is not compatible with the expectations of children and parents.
(b) Emphasis on academic achievements does give time for development of personality and
skills.
(c) Preparing the children to be better citizens should be the responsibility of the education
system.
(d) To be a better citizen, the present world order demands societal and life-coping skills in
addition to academic content.

Ans. (d)
Option (a) is incorrect: the passage makes no mention of parents' or children's expectations.
As a result, it is outside the scope of the passage.
Option (b) is erroneous: The passage does not address the time factor, which is the division of
time between academics and skill development activities.
Option (c) is a close second, but it's incorrect: The passage does not address the issue of who
should be responsible for the holistic education of children. Though the author asserts that
schools do not fulfil this critical role and that it is critical that these values and education be

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received not only in college, but also in school, the author makes no conclusive judgments
about who should bear ultimate responsibility.
Option (d) is the most appropriate response: In addition to academic content, the passage
specifically mentions the demands of the current world order, as well as societal and life-coping
skills.

4. X said to Y, "At the time of your birth I was twice as old as you are at present." If the present
age of X is 42 years, then consider the following statements:
1. 8 years ago, the age of X was five times the age of Y.
2. After 14 years, the age of X would be two times the age of Y.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (b)
X is 42 years old right now. Let Y's current age be y years.
42 – y = 2y Or 3y = 42 Or y = 14 years, according to the question.
As a result, X and Y are 42 and 14 years old, respectively.
Statement 1: X and Y must have been 34 and 6 years old, respectively, eight years ago.
We can see that X's age was not five times that of Y's. As a result, this statement is false.
Statement 2: In fourteen years, X and Y will be 56 and 28 years old, respectively.
We can see that X's age is two times that of Y's. As a result, this assertion is correct.

5. If the price of an article is decreased by 20% and then the new price is increased by 25%,
then
what is the net change in the price?
(a) 0%
(b) 5% increase
(c) 5% decrease
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data

Ans. (a)
Let's say the starting price is Rs. 100.
New price after a 20% reduction in the original price = 100 – 20% of 100 = 100 – 20 = Rs. 80
Now, after increasing the previous price by 25%, the final price is 80 + 25% of 80 = 80 + 20 = Rs.
100.
As a result, there is no net price change.

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GENERAL STUDIES

1) In the context of commercial paper, consider the following statements:

1. These are the instruments used in the capital markets.
2. They can only be issued by corporations.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

1. Correct Option: (d)

Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument that is a promissory note. As
a result, the first statement is false.
• Companies, primary dealers (PDs), and all-India financial institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue
CP if they have been granted permission to raise short-term funds under the Reserve Bank of
India's umbrella limit. As a result, the second statement is false.
• CP can be issued for maturities ranging from 7 days to one year.
• Companies with a good credit rating can use credit cards to diversify their short-term
borrowing options.
A new instrument will be available to investors. It is typically issued by large banks or
corporations to cover short-term receivables and meet short-term financial obligations, such as
project financing.
• They can be issued in 5 lakh rupee denominations or multiples of that amount.

2. 'Transfer Payments' is a term used in macroeconomics to describe:

(a) receipts that resident of a country receive without having to make any current or future
payments in return.
b) commercial loans taken out by domestic businesses from multinational corporations based
abroad.
c) loans from multilateral institutions to the government.
(d) digital wallet payments made by customers to merchants.

2. Correct Option: (a)

In macroeconomics and finance, a transfer payment is a payment made by the government to
redistribute income and wealth without receiving goods or services in return. Because these
payments do not directly absorb resources or create output, they are considered non-
exhaustive.

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• Transfer payments are receipts that resident of a country receive "for free," with no
obligation to make any current or future payments. Remittances, gifts, and grants are among
them. They can be public or private. As a result, option (a) is the correct response.
• Transfer payments include allowances, pensions, and other benefits to people such as
pensioners, widows, the sick, and the unemployed

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. A Bill pending in the Lok Sabha lapses on its prorogation.
2. A Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha, which was not passed by the Lok Sabha, shall not lapse on
dissolution
of the Lok Sabha.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

3. Correct Option: (b)

All bills, motions, resolutions, notices, petitions, and other business pending before the Lok
Sabha or its committees expire when it is dissolved. They must be reintroduced in the newly
formed Lok Sabha (to be pursued further). Some pending bills, as well as all pending assurances
that must be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances, do not expire when the
Lok Sabha is dissolved.
The following is the position on bills that have expired: A bill in the Lok Sabha has expired
(whether originating in the Lok Sabha or transmitted to it by the Rajya Sabha).
A bill that was passed by the Lok Sabha but is currently pending in the Rajya Sabha has expired.
If the president has notified the holding of a joint sitting before the dissolution of Lok Sabha, a
bill that has not been passed by the two Houses due to disagreement does not lapse. A bill that
is pending in the Rajya Sabha but not in the Lok Sabha does not expire.
A bill that has been passed by both Houses but is awaiting the president's signature does not
expire.
A bill that has been passed by both Houses but has been sent back to the president for
reconsideration by the Houses does not expire.

4. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) Rights are claims of the State against the citizens.
(b) Rights are privileges which are incorporated in the Constitution of a State.
(c) Rights are claims of the citizens against the State.
(d) Rights are privileges of a few citizens against the many.

4. Correct Option: (c)

Rights are claims made by Indian citizens against their governments. They guard against the
establishment of authoritarian and despotic rule in the country, as well as the invasion of the

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people's liberties and freedoms by the state. They serve as checks on the executive's tyranny
and the legislature's arbitrary laws. In other words, they want to establish "a government of
laws, not of men.

5. Under the Constitution of India, the Directive Principles of State Policy constitute limitations
upon
1. legislative function.
2. executive function.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

5. Correct Option: (d)

Because they are not enforceable and are fundamental to a country's governance, directive
principles of state policy cannot act as constraints or limitations on the government.
Fundamental Rights serve as checks on the executive's tyranny and the legislature's arbitrary
laws.

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