Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BY
NAZIW A SHAMIM
BIT/0002/123/DU
AUGUST, 2015
DECLARATION
Naziwa Sham im declare that the work presented in this project report is mine and has never been
submitted in any university or any other higher institution of learning for any award.
ii
APPROVAL
This project proposal has been submitted for examination with the approval of the supervisor.
iii
Table of contents
DECLARATION ....................................................................................................... ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1
iv
2.2 Requirements for the design of an automated attendance records System ...... 5
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... I 0
v
3.6.4 Output ....................................................................................................... 13
vi
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................ 29
vii
ABSTRACT
Automated Attendance system is software tool that captures daily student attendance records in schools
and institutions and facilitates access to the attendance of a particular student in a particular class and help
in generating reports and evaluating the attendance eligibility of a student. Rather than signing an
attendance sheet manually, the attendance records are captured electronically into a database which makes
it easier manageable
The study was conducted in the Directorate of Quality Assurance at Kampala International Universit)
we and resultantly came up with a Students Automated Attendance Records Management system that aid
management in automatic managing students' attendance records.
The major objective of the study was to develop an Automated Students' Attendance Records
Management system for KIU we with that system, the management is able to automatically capture and
compute students' class attendance records.
The specific objectives included investigating the current system, gathering requirements for the new
system, design, implement and test the developed electronic system. Data was gathered using interviews.
observation and questionnaires. The collected data was sorted and analyzed using Microsoft excel
software and it was found out that the current manual system is in efficient, time and space consuming in
addition to being insecure hence judged not good for the management of attendance records.
With the new developed system (SARMS) management is able to electronically capture, store, compute
and generate attendance rep01ts automatically. The very system also allows the backup of data on
movable devices.
viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Automated Attendance system is software tool that captures daily student attendance records in schools
and institutions and facilitates access to the attendance of a particular student in a pm1icular class and help
in generating reports and evaluating the attendance eligibility of a student. Rather than signing an
attendance sheet manually, the attendance records are captured electronically into a database which makes
it easier manageable.
At Kampala International University we academic policy 2005, a minimum 75% percentage of class
attendance is required by each student in order to sit for final exams. It's the duty of office of quality
assurance to implement that policy but in most cases this policy has not been adhered to, because of the
various challenges the present method of taking attendance presents. The traditional method that involves
the use of sheets of paper or books in taking student attendance allows for impersonation and the
attendance sheet could be stolen or lost. Taking of attendance manually is time consuming, inefficient and
it makes it difficult to asce11ain the number of students that have made the minimum percentage and thus
eligible for exam. Thus, there is a need for a system that would eliminate all of these trouble spots thus:
Automatic Attendance Management System at KIU we was needed to provide the needed solution
1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
In many institutions, and academic organizations, attendance is a very impo11ant criterion which is used
for various purposes. These purposes include record keeping, assessment of students, and promotion of
optimal and consistent attendance in class. As a policy, At Kampala International University we, a
minimum percentage of class attendance is required by students in order to sit for final exams. In most
cases this policy has not been adhered to, because of the various challenges the present method of taking
attendance presents. The traditional method that involves the use of sheets of paper or books in taking
student attendance allows for impersonation and the attendance sheet could be stolen or lost. Taking
of attendance manually is time consuming and it makes it difficult to ascertain the number of students that
have made the minimum percentage and thus eligible for exam. Thus, there is a need for a system that
would eliminate all of these trouble spots. An Automatic Attendance Management System would provide
the needed solution
ii) Collect the requirements necessary for designing of an Automated Students' class Attendance
management System.
1) Reduce errors.
Automated Attendance system reduces the risk of human error and ensures easy, impm1ial, and orderly
approach in addressing specific needs without any confusion. In fact, such systems have been shown to
have an accuracy rate of more than 99% versus manual systems by eliminating errors in data entry and
calculations (Golding, J., 2009).
2
2) Increase productivity.
Productivity increases because the process is seamless and makes day-to-day operations more efficient
and convenient. Eliminating legacy practices frees up employees time, decreases staffing overhead, and
provides supervisors with timely labor data to more effectively manage their operations.(A. Assad, and Z.
Khalil,).
3) Reduced expenses.
Implementing a technology based time and attendance solution will immediately help to reduce labor
costs. Manually collecting, calculating and processing attendance data take a lot of time, but with an
automated time and attendance solution, companies are able to increase efficiency and save money ( A.
Assad. and Z. Khalil).
3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This section presents an evaluation of relevant points from studies previously done concerning
development of automatic attendance systems, and the relevance of attendance in the learning process.
There is wide agreement that chronic school absence jeopardizes student performance and predicts
dropout (Neild & Balfanz, 2006; Aliens wmih & Easton, 2007 both cited in Rei West, 2011).Even
thought with the advent of E-learning and widespread of academic resources access, "Professors and
instructors have to come up with ways to ensure a healthy patiicipation from the students, and make sure
that the classic student-lecture interactive relationship is kept intact" (Hornback eta!., 2006, p.2).Stuclies
in this area in general analyze students' attendance and its correlation with academic success.
2.1.1 Records
ISO, 200 I Defines a record as information created, received, and maintained as evidence by an
organization or person, in pursuance oflegal obligations or in the transaction of business".
The International Committee on Archives (CIA) and Electronic Records defines a record as, a specific
piece of recorded information generated, collected or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of
an activity and which comprises sufficient content, context and structure to provide proof or evidence of
that activity.
While the definition of a record is often identified strongly with a document, a record can be either a
tangible object or digital information which has value to an organization. For example, birth certiticates.
medical x-rays, office documents, databases and application data, and e-mail are all examples of records.
(O'Brien, 2002) Defines Information System as any organized combination of people, hardware,
software, communication networks and data resources, that control, transform and disseminate
information in an organization. (O'Brien, 2002) Further reveals that the data resources of information
4
systems are typically organized, stored and accessed by a variety of data resource management
technologies into:
I. Databases that hold processed and organized data
2. Knowledge bases that hold knowledge in a variety of forms such as facts, rules, and case examples
about successful business practices.
Records Management is the practice of identifying, classifYing, archiving, preserving, and sometimes
destroying records according (ISO, 2001). Records management activities include the creation, receipt,
maintenance, use and disposal of records. In this context, a record is content that documents a business
transaction. Documentation may exist in contracts, memos, paper files, electronic files, reports, emails,
videos, instant message logs or database records. Paper records may be stored in physical boxes on-
premises or at a storage facility. Digital records may be stored on storage media in-house or in the cloud.
Yao, J.F.J. and T.M. Chiang,(2002).The goal of records management is to help an organization keep the
necessary documentation accessible for both business operations and compliance audits. In some small to
mid-sized businesses, spreadsheets are used to track where records are stored, but larger organizations
may find records management software suites that are tied to both a taxonomy and a records retention
schedule to be more useful. Such software suites may be marketed as enterprise information management
(ElM) products that are capable of helping an organization to manage both records and ordinary content.
• self-review
5
• Roles and responsibilities
• Community engagement
• Useful strategies
• Evaluation.
The system shall provide complete and accurate attendance data and shall make provision for maintaining
auditable records.
The system shall include a sign-on indicator to assure that attendance is being taken regularly. Daily sign-
ons shall be reported by exceptions; i.e., by who has not signed on each day. An exception rep01i shall be
generated on a regular basis so that the principal or the principal's designee may assure that some positive
action is taken in each course/period.
A daily log shall be generated and maintained that will include sufficient information to ascertain when
and by whom attendance data was entered, changed, or deleted.
According to (Cisco, 2005), managmg organizations data today involves a large amount of paper.
Information stored in paper cha1iS is difficult to access, takes up costly space dedicated to chart storage.
and can impact on quality of care. On the other hand, computerization can be beneficial as:
I. Electronic records provide effective distribution of information to care givers at the point of care to
support higher quality of records with increased efficiency.
2. Management can access charts and histories without having to search files or wait for cha1t pulls.
6
3. Connected records applications, including electronic records, that streamline information and
communications at the point of care are critical to organizations under pressure to cut costs, increase
productivity, and improve staff/ employee management, (Cisco, 2005).
Kizildag et al.(2000); used barcode to keep track of students 'attendance in seminars. They printed the
students· 10 on their 10 card and scan those by using a barcode reader. Nawaz, Assad, and Khalil
(2005) used image processing technique to read the attendance list data and based on that data generate
the overall attendance of students. In order to implement this system they designed a standard attendance
list and specified a special not repeated number to each student. Lecturers should know that which
number belongs to which student and also he should tick the list properly and obey some rules. The
mentioned systems tried to make the
attendance process easy, but in order to use these, still lecturers shouldspend their time to do that. In the
following author reviewed some attendance systems which are commercially in the market and many
organizations use these, but they have some disadvantages too.
Yao and Chiang (2000) conducted a research to find out the relationship between students' class
attendance and their overall grades between students who pm1icipated in computer science classes. The
analysis of their data showed that students who has more class attendance, have higher grades. Also, they
indicated that there is a strong correlation between absence from the first day of class and overall result.
Broucekand Bass (2001); indicated that the GPA is significantly correlated with attendance. Crede, Roch,
and Kieszczynka( 1995); conducted a research to resolve the debate about the importance of attendance
7
and explore the relationship between attendance and students' grade and characteristics. They found out
that there is a strong correlation between attendance and both individual grade and college GPA. Also.
they indicated that the students' characteristics have a small effect on attendance.
Table I shows the correlation values between lecture attendance and academic performance. The
associated p-values were 0.0022 for the correlation between project marks and attendance and less than
0.000 I for attendance and performance in the other assessment pieces, thereby confirming the statistical
significance of all the correlation values in the table.
Table
Exam
TMA2 mark
Project mark 0.460 I
The correlation between lecture attendance and performance varied with the type of assessment in
question. At 0.6884, performance in the exam had the highest correlation with attendance, foiiO\vecl b0
TMA2 at 0.6530, then TMA I at 0.5927 and the project at a correlation value of 0.460 I. Since the
correlation between performance and attendance is positive in all the pieces of assessment it implies that
attendance affects student performance. However, since this correlation is less than one in all types of
assessment it follows that other factors also affect performance as well.
Given these different correlation values between performance in different types of assessment and
attendance, a logical step would be to establish whether these differences are indeed statistically
significant. Using Williams T2 formula (Cramer, 1994 p. 227), performance in each of the three pieces of
coursework was compared to performance in the final examination. As shown in Table 2, the eiTect of
class attendance on exam performance is significantly different from its effect on performance in both the
Project and TMA I but not in TMA2. Hence, on the basis of the data available, it cannot be concluded
\Vith certainty that class attendance affects differently a student's performance in the exam and
coursework.
8
TMAI Yes
TMA2 No
Project Yes
Significantly, this study shows that class attendance still remains a key determinant of academic
performance, even when the students have unfettered access to online lecture notes. Previous research
(Vandehey et al., 2005; Grabe and Christopherson, 2005) has also found that the availability of online
lecture notes does not in itself determine academic performance. Vandehey et al. (2005) observed that,
when assessed by a common set of examinations, there was no significant difference in academic
performance between students who were given complete notes, students who received outline notes and
students who did not get any notes. Also, Grabe and Christopherson (2005) concluded that there was little
ur no correlation between note use and examination performance.
Both studies attribute the poor association between examination performance and access to online notes to
study habits. In the study by Vandehey et al.(2005) at least 30% of the students with access to notes
admitted to not making use of them at all. In the study by Grabe and Christopherson (2005) it \\lb
observed that students with low class attendance tended to use the available online notes only when the;
had to sit the examination. This suggests that class attendance may serve as a proxy for student
engagement with the course module (Marks, 2000; Fredricks et al., 2004), with higher attendance
suggesting higher engagement. Woodfield et al. (2006) have suggested that high absenteeism levels may
be explained by a comparative lack of application on the part of the absentee.
9
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This section involves the steps, procedures and techniques that were used to collect, store, analyze and
present information. A formal method of system development; system development life cycle (SDLC).
was used in the design and construction of the system.
10
3.3.1 Interviews
The researcher conducted face- to- face interviews with the stake holders. An interview schedule was
drawn and guiding questions prepared as tools to collect data. The interviews were conducted on the
strata formed, that is; quality assurance staff and selected students. With this method, the researcher was
able to achieve objective (i) which was to investigate the effectiveness of the current system. The
interview method was chosen because it's reliable, accurate and gives satisfactory results.
3.3.2 Questionnaires
Questionnaires were designed basing on the sample size and then distributed to respective individuals i.e.
in the chosen sample for answering. With the responses made in line with interview the researcher was
able to integrate ideas and help to collect requirements for a new system thus achieving objective (ii)
which was to collect requirements for the design of a new system. This method is chosen because it gives
more detailed and context related information, it permits collection of information on facts and it permits
tests of the reliability of the responses because questions are logically set.
A thorough review of the documents was done in the department of quality assurance with the intent to
study how things are done and discover where improvement is necessary. A number of documents were
reviewed including registers for the classes handled. This method was chosen because of its
inexpensiveness because the data is already there, it permits examination of trends over the past and there
are few biases about information.
After data was coded and errors corrected, analysis starts. Thereafter, conclusions and system
specifications was made based on the outcome of data analysis.
11
3.5 System analysis
At this stage the researcher employed the following tools to analyze the system. Data Flow Diagrams
(DFDs) were used in modeling of information in the proposed system and showing the movement of
information from one point to another. Additionally under DFDs, the Context Diagram were also used to
show the system under consideration as a single high-level process and then the relationship that the
system has with other extemal entities (systems, organizational groups, external data stores).
Entity Relationship Diagrams (EROs) were used to show the relationships between different entities and
their associated attributes in the system.
This pertains to an abstract representation of the data flows; model of the actual system. Under the logical
design, sequence diagrams were used to show the interactions between the users and system.
The physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of the system. This is laid clown in
terms of how data is input into the system, how it is verified /authenticated, processed, and how it is
displayed as output.
3.6.3 Input
At this stage, system interface (data entry user input) forms were designed using Microsoft visual studio
2005 while Microsoft access was used to design the database and there after a logical connection made.
12
3.6.4 Output
Systems out puts are in form of structured data like reports that are retrieved from the system database
basing on the criteria set.
13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis, design and implementation of the new system, data flow, processing
Fig 4.4: The data flow diagram of the current manual system.
1
Directorate of quality
assurance
University Management
J
14
4.2.1 Weaknesses of the existing system.
• The paper files occupy a lot of space as more of students register, more space becomes required
and searching data from the files is difficult and constant usage of those files wears them out
hence loss of the important data.
• There is much time and labor wasted in recording every individual student particulars
• Generation of the overall reports is tedious because of the information stored in different files. To
visit each individual file, noting down the required information in order to come up with the final
reports is extremely hard.
• The existing manual system is insecure because an unauthorized person may locate a file and
can·yout modification on the data without permission.
• In the current manual system, it is hard to back up copies of data in case of natural hazards like
fire break down, floods, and earthquake. This may result in complete loss of important
information.
The main difference between the old system and the new computerized system is that data capturing and
processing is computerized and that computers are used instead of papers and forms. It requires less
storage space. It is also much more efficient since it can generate reports within minimum time and with
minimal errors.
The staffs in charge of students' registration are the primary users of the system. Each user is required to
have the username and password that is verified first before gaining access into the system. Depending on
their level of privileges, they perform different activities as follows:
Administrator users (adds records, views all the information, makes modification, deletes records, and
views all the reports).
Limited users (add records, view some information, and view reports)
15
4.3.2 System requirements
a) Functional requirements
These are specific functions, tasks or behaviors the system must support. They include the following:-
• The system should allow the management to register and store a particular students' class
attendance details
• It should enable management to view and search a patiicular file within a short time
• It should authenticate users
• Ability for the user to update and save information about the student. Therefore the system shall
have the ability to permanently save data into the database.
• The system shall be able to generate necessaty reports.
b) Non-functional requirement
The system should be able to authenticate user and provide for different levels of access to avoid
unauthorized access.
The system should be able to perform 111 a standard relative to the activities carried out within the
company. In other words it should retrieve information vety fast.
The system should be easy for users to learn and use with dynamic access of information by both skilled
and unskilled users.
The system should be cost effective with more less effect on its implementation and maintenance.
The system should be potiable and light in order not to affect the throughput
16
4.3.3 Minimum hard ware and software requirements
Memory/RAM IGBRAM
UPS, CD-ROM
Software requirements
4.4.1 Introduction
System design gives the details of how the system will meet the information requirements determined in
the system analysis. Connolly, et a! ( 1996) defines system design as the process of creating a design for a
database that will support the enterprises operations and objectives. From the system study, it was found
out that its necessary to create a system with a central database that contains information about all
processes of students' records to keep track of activities involved. Two techniques were used to design
the system; logical design and physical design.
17
4.3.2 Design Objectives.
1. Produces the system that overcomes the inefficiencies identified during the system study and
optimally uses computer resources.
ii. Allows accurate input of correct and valid data in the database.
Fig 4: The context diagram of the new computerized system.
Computerized
information system
( Processed Database
data administrator
Computed
Details of attendances
records
Director of quality
assurance
Reports and
Management
Forecasts
18
Figure 5: Context Level Diagram.
In this section, each process is explained precisely including inputs, conditions /logic, outputs and data
stores associated with each process. The functionality of the system is built on processes shown bellow.
Attendence details
Lecturers Details
Student
Lecturers
Inquiries
~
Computerized
student
attendance Attendance summary
records System
~ __...../
Student details
Reports Administrator
Lecturer's details
i
Advance details reports
Students attendance records
19
Figure 7: Entity Relationship Diagram
1
Student Does
1
M
M
Lecture Exam
Is Taught
h ..
Course
1
M unit
Lecturer 1
Course unit
1 1
Teaches
Awards
Course unit
M
Marks
20
Figure S:Entity-Relationship
Entity
<>
One to One Relationship
Relationship
Student's Table
21
Gender Text 10 Not indexed Sex
Lecture Table
-·
Name Text 20 Not indexed Lectures' Name
22
Study session Table
Course Table
23
CHAPTER FIVE
5.2.1login page
This is the first form that comes first when the program is lauched. Its mainly meant for secuity and
authentication purposes. Select Attendance Monitor from the list of all programs then the login form
below wil display.
User name
ADMIN
Password
~] Cancel
Enter the username together with correct password and then c lick on " login" button to gain access. If the
details supplied are correct, the home page is displayed and if the details are wrong then the user is
denied access and a message "wrong details ;check them and try again" is displayed.
24
5.2.3 Home page
This is the page I window that is displayed after successful login. On it there are different tabs that help
the user to create and update student lists, print lists and attendance lists.
~ ~
~ PROCRAMTITLE:
~~~~~~~~~~~~----------------------------·
184010LER>ININFORM4WN.WSTEMS
-; I
:r, !J!J!j
"- 8/S/0()02/444/DU FFFOO SDFFC 143 NONE
-
~
;1 1:
-
'.9
~
1::::
=
8/S/0004/4-14/0U
8/S/0007/444/0U
8/S/0008/444/0U
:HIHD
XGCFC
ASCBO
UL.H
ZXTT
ASOS
()WRR
TTRT
143
143
143
1-13
143
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
NONE
SUBJECT TTTLE:
OA TE:
ANATOMY
25
5.2.4 New students' registration page
This page provides options to the user for registering a new student to a course. It includes sections for
capturing bio data of the student and academic details.
After filling all the fields on the form the user saves the information by pressing the " SAVE" button and
if successful a message is displayed showing "student successfully registered"
NONE MUG/m<IAAAAAAAAA
BRVNNNNNNTT
26
5.2.5 program registration form
This form is displayed after clicking on program button. On it there are options for entering new
programs into the system.
=...;:;...
-
"'
5.2.6 Summary of attendance records
28
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Introduction
This chapter looks at the summary of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study on
designing Students' attendance records management system.
Resources such as time were not enough since the researcher had to attend other duties assigned to his
such as attending lectures. This could not allow him to fully exhaust the required information for the
research
Some respondents could not release some information that was critical to the design of this system to the
researcher
Financial resources, the researcher being a private student, he could not get enough funds for buying
papers and pens, binding, compact disks and flash disks to facilitate the research work
6.2 Conclusion
The study was undertaken to find ways of improving student attendance records management at KIU \\C.
Basing on the Findings and Analysis, SARMS is a venture worth to invest in. Once taken seriously and
embraced, there are a lot of benefits that can be realized therein. Both the staff and the clients it is serving
"ill benefit from it. For example staff/management will no longer hustle to create reports, search a
particular file thus saving time and easing work.
6.3 Recommendations
A more comprehensive study to exploit the full benefits of the new technology in the education sector is
highly recommended. This may be able to unveil more gaps and therefore improve on the system more
than this study has been able to do. The management of KIU should step in to have all depa1tments
automate their systems by providing the necessary funds for such projects. With several systems made
available to the different depa1tments of the station, operational activities would be made much easier.
29
REFERENCES
A. Assad, and Z. Khalil, (20 I 0), firlly automated attendance record ;ystem using template matching
technique.
Astin, A., L. Hong, andY. Kulkarni. A multimodal biometric systemusingfingerprint, face and
Broucek, W.G. and W. Bass, (200 I); Attendance feedback in an academic setting: Preliminary results.
Caviglia-Harris, J., 2006. Attendance and Achievement in Economics: Investigating the Impact of
Attendance Policies and Absentee Rates on Student Performance.
Durden G. and Ellis L., 1995. The Effects of Attendance on Student Leaming in Principles of Economics
Hornback G., Babu A., Martin B. et a! 2006. Automatic Attendance System speech. 1999. Washington.
DC. USA.
Furlong. A., et al. 2003; An RFID attendance and monitoring system for university applications
Flandre etal (2007) Chawla, V. and H. Dong Sam, An overview ofpassive RFID.
Kizildag, M. et al, 2000; An automated attendance monitoring and registration system for EMU's SPIKE
seminar series. The 3 day International Conference Integration of Information Technologyin Science
Education. 2007.
Klein, F., V. Filipe, and A. Pereira,(20 I 0) Automatic control of students' allendance in classrooms using
RFID, in lntemational Conference On Systems and Networks Communications
Natalie & Gogliordi,(20 14 ); Course management systems versus learning management systems.
Natalie Gagliordi, 2014 ''U.S universities at greater risk for security hreaches than retail and heultlu..·url!.
llitSight."
Nawaz, T., et al.,(2005), Development of academic attendence monitoring system using fingerprints
Identification.
Yao, J.F.J. and T.M. Chiang, Correlation between class attendance and grade.
30
Vandeley etal, 2005, Student attendance system based onfingerprint recognition and one to m'my
marching, in Computer Science and Engineering
Vandeley, christopherson. (2005); The design of wireless fingerprint allendance system. in International
( 'm?f'erence on Communication Technology (ICCT'06). 2006
31
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Activity Time
32
Appendix B
BUDGET
SIN Description of item Unit cost Total
'
0 Printing services 100 40,000=
33
APPENDIX.C
QUESTIONNAIRE 1
INTRODUCTION
I Naziwa shamim am doing a research on the current system of student attendance records management in
Kampala international university-we in the department of quality assurance to evaluate it's effectiveness
and efficiency. Am requesting you kindly to answer appropriately as the results will be used to design a
better system that will improve and easy records management system of the student attendance in
Kampala international university-we.
Instructions:
I. Tick where necessary.
2. Fill the space provided where appropriate.
Section A
1.1 STUFF
1.1.1 Bio data
GENDER
Male D Female D
Indicate age
Below 18 D
18-25 D
205-30 D
D
30- 35
D
35-40
D
40-45 D
45and above D
34
Madtal status
EDUCATION LEVEL
(b) How many years have you been working in this Department of quality assurance?
Section B
2.1 Bio data
2.1.1 Students
GENDER
Male D Female D
Indicate age
Below 18 D
18-25 D
205-30 D
D
30- 35
D
35-40
D
40-45 D
45and above D
Education Levels
Ce1tificate CJDiploma c:::::Jle gree c:::::::pth ers c:::::::::J
35
Manual (files and papers) c:=:pmputerized Q s (please specify)
D
Is the system mentioned above easy to use?
Yes CJNO CJ
SECTION C
I: Over all am satisfied with how easy it is to use this system? CJ agree CJ disagree
4: I can completely finish my work quickly using this system? 0 agree 0 disagree
I.
3.
I.
2.
'
J.