WORKING OF 4 BIT SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

In this counter, four JK flip flops are used to design. The main
reason to use this flip flop is, it toggles its condition if both
the inputs are high based on the CLK signal. In a 4-bit
synchronous counter, the total number of states is 2^4 = 16
states.

An external CLK signal is given to all four flip-flops in parallel.

This counter includes 16 output states where it counts from
0000 to 1111.
Thus, JK flip-flop inputs are connected toward the Q’ and the
same external CLK signal is connected to four flip flops within
the circuit.
Whenever this counter counts down the series, at first all
the inputs of the FF will be in high condition because they
have to count down the series. So, it will begin with 1111 &
stop with 0000 like an up counter. In this type of counter if
the front flip flop generates low logic at its output, then the
previous flip flop will toggle simply.

The output of first T flip-flop toggles for every negative edge

of clock signal. The output of second T flip-flop toggles for
every negative edge of clock signal if Q0 is 1. The output of
third T flip-flop toggles for every negative edge of clock signal
if both Q0 & Q1 are 1.

APPLICATIONS OF 4 BIT SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

Alarm Clock, Set AC Timer, Set time in camera to take the

picture, flashing light indicator in automobiles, car parking
control etc.
Counting the time allotted for special process or event by the
scheduler.
The counter can be used as a self-reversing counter.
It is also used as clock divider circuit.
The parallel load feature can be used to preset the counter
for some initial count.
Commons used in home appliances like washing machine,
microwave own, Time schedule led indicator, key board
controller etc.
They are also used in machine moving control.
Mostly used in digital clocks and multiplexing circuits.
They are used to generate saw-tooth waveform (Stair case
voltage)
It is also used in digital to analog converters.