6 Apply the Sine and Cosine Ratios Goal ~ Use the sine and cosine ratios. Your Notes VOCABULARY Sine, cosine gee eee ee Angle of elevation Angle of depression eee sae EERE ec Ee eee SINE AND COSINE RATIOS Let AABC be a tight triangle Ss with acute ZA. The sine Gf ZA oppose hypotenuse and cosine of ZA (written sin A cad and cos A) are defined as follows: 9 Tevadacontio ZA Remember these sin A abbreviations: sine — sin — ieenia st . iq x fonsth ofeg adjacent to ZA |_| cos A = ~~Tength of hypotenuse Eel Copyright © MeDougal Litell/Houghton Miffin Company. Lesson 7.8 « Geometry Notetaking Guide 189Your Notes Find sine ratios Find sin U and sin W. Write each answer y as a fraction and as a decimal rounded to four places. 3 loo Solution woey sin U Find cosine ratios Find cos S and cos R. Write each answer s as a fraction and as a decimal rounded to four places. alt Solution : er __ adj to 2S i ea ctw a rreas l adj. to 4R Cos R= yp. a @ checkpoint Find sin B, sin C, cos B, and cos C. Write each answer as a fraction and as a decimal rounded to four places. UH aee ieee, 20] 40 190 Lesson 7.6 + Geometry Notetaldng Gulde Copyright © McDougal Littel/Houghton Mifflin Company.Your Notes Use a trigonometric ratio to find a hypotenuso_ Basketball You walk from one corner of a basketball court to the opposite corner. Write and solve a proportion using a trigonometric ratio to approximate the distance of the walk. Solution sin 62° = Write ratio for sine of 62°. sin 62° = Substitute. aac Multiply each side by Divide each side by ae Use a calculator to find xe Simplify. ‘The distance of the walk is about feet. S Find a hypotenuse using an angle of depression Roller Coaster You are at the top of a roller coaster 100 feet above the ground. The angle of depression is 44°, About how far do you ride down the hill? sin 44° = Write ratio for sine of 44°. sin 44° = Substitute, Ke Multiply each sido by x Divide each side by Use a calculator to find x ‘Simplify. You ride about feet down the hill. Copyright © McDougal Litell/Houghton Miftin Compory. Lesson 7.6 * Geometry Notetaking Guide 19%.Your Notes @ checkpoint Complete the following exercises. 2. In Example 3, use the cosine ratio to approximate the width of the basketball court. 3. Suppose the angle of depression in Example 4 is 72°, About how far would you ride down the hill? Find leg lengths using an angle of elevation Railroad A railroad crossing arm that is 20 feet long is stuck with an angle of elevation of 35°, Find the lengths x and y. Solution Step 1 Find x. White ratio for _ OfesHite Substitute. Multiply each side by r Use a calculator to simplify. Step 2 Find y. Write ratio for af of = Substitute. Multiply each side by a Use a calculator to simplify. 192 Lesson 7.6 + Geometry Notetaking Guide Copmright © McDougal Litell/Houghton Miffin Company,Your Notes Use a special ingle to find a sin and cos, Use a special right trlangle to find the sine and cosine of a 30° angle. Solution Use the 30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem to draw a right ‘triangle with side lengths of 4, V3, and__. Then set up sine and cosine ratios for the 30° angle. sin 30° = = = cos 30° = = ~ @ cheekpaint Complete the following exercises. 4, in Example 5, suppose the angle of elevation is 40°. What are the new lengths x and y? 5. Use a speciai right triangle to find the sine and cosine of a 60° angle. Copyright © McDougal Littel/Houghton Mifin Compary. Lesson 7.6 * Geometry Hotetaking Guide 4198