TASCAM TEAC Production Products 32 2-Track Recorder /Reproducer 5700029101‘The guarantee of performance that we provide for the 22 must have several restrictions. We fay thot the recorder will perform proper ‘Only if ti adjustod propery ond the guarantee is that such adjustment willbe posible. How fer we cannot guarantee Your skill in” adjust. ment "or" your technical "comprehension of this manual. Thecefore, Basle Daily ‘Setup isnot covered by the Warranty f your attempts {intemal adjustments of such tinge oe vein fd record EO trim are unsuccessful, we must ‘make a service charg to corect your mistakes. Recording san art as wel ar a science. A sccesfl recording i often judged primarily ‘on the quality of sound es ar, and we obvious Iy cannot guarantea that. A’ company that Makes. paint and. brushes for artists cannot Say. that the paintings made with thet ro ‘duets wil be well fecekved_ ively. ‘The rvs the province of the artist, TASCAM can ‘make no guarantee thatthe 32 in itself wil {sure the quality ofthe recordings you make. Your skill as a technician and. your abilities ae an artist will be significant factors in the rents you schieve, WARNING: 10 PREVENT FIRE OR sHOCK HAZARO, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.TABLE OF CONTENTS Inodueon to the 32 and Is Dean Paiiosophy 3 Features and Controls 4 Basie Inf 8 Entering ae Voltage Conversion c. 2. n Note for U.K. Customers on Connection and Operon of he BAD 6°. 12 N30 Recording Mixer Pg ‘Acossory Information ©0002. 00000002 47 Specifications of the 32 =. 9 The dB, Wha, Wet, Why 2 Iimpadnes Matehing and Line bovis =... 25 Feference Levels EIN Caliration CS 2a More Information is Avilbte 02.20.2071 39 THEORY OF OPERATION-MAINTENANCE leaning « ao Bagaussing (omognediaingy 0200200001 33 ‘Test Equipment/Msteriis es 1) Alignment Tepes Ie 2) VIVitior FET Multimeter « 38 3) Signal Generator or Osellatar =. 20+ 36 4) The Oscilloscope a 5) Tare Tapes for he 92 33 Electrical Adjustment Procedure’... 40 1) Location of Electrical Aajustents «<4 2) Reproduce Calibration a 3) Input Calibration »-» 2 4) About the Biss ==> ; 6 3). Bios Level Aajuat 20.21 a 6) Blas Tap Adjust as 3) Record Love Adjust =. 8 8), The Peak Adjust Circuit 48 Daly Setup a7 (General Advice on Maintenance tae Service Char ha MAINTENANCE tt cireut Deteription Fi Logie Used Inthe Tape Deck 53 V2, System Conteal IC sev eeeeec css BB 124. "Pin Assignmonts and thei Functions a 122, Block Disgam 54 423. Input Sina and Fesiting Modes 54 1:24, Mode Transition 6 1.25. Operation with more than Oe ‘input Sara 65 1-26, Inpuv/Output Levels 58 127, Anil Rest Geuit 2.20.00. 58 13 power Shut OF Great 0920002 8 1 Capa ond Bake Soecid ‘Drive circuit cee 87 15. Foot Motor Drive Cireult ..-....-. 69 148, Tape Direction Senng and Counter (lock Generation Crit 8 17. Counter Clock Pulse a 18. Notion Sensing Cireuit 2 4B, FF and REW Operation ra 1510. Electrical Brae System 3 11%, Counter zero Return no) 6, 452. aneh vOut Control circuit 2... 67 A513. Edit Coneol Cireuit.-.se-sc.ss 69 144, Rec and Ply Mute Signals 6 145, Display Circuit 70 1516. Amplifier Circuit Destption 21-0. 71 W161. Power Muting Circuit eves scs. TT 182. Blas and Record Control Circuit. 72 1-163. Reproduce Amlifia Cree ... 74 2. Check and Adjustments 2-1. Essa Test Equipment Recuird n 22. Removing te Pale of the Dock |. 78 23. Capstan Tht Clearance =.=: 79 2:4. rake Mechanism a 25. rake Torque pet 70) 26. Reel Motor Torcus creo 2641. TakeUp Toraue 80 262! back Tension a1 257. inch Reller Pressure a1 28. Roel Table Height Adjusimant «.... 82 28. Tape Speed... Cag 2.10, Vow and Flite Check a2 211, Reor/Repete Api Chai ‘and Adjustments 83 raliminary Adjustments 2022.02.01 88 ZT Input Level Calbetion 20. 8 2.12 Input Meter Calibration ©22..1 8 2.11. Reprod Love Caipaticn =. 85 2iv-d. Repraduce Meter Calivation ©". 86 2.18. Reprotisce Frequency Response 86 2-116, Bias Tuning and Bae Trap” ‘Adjustments 86 2.112, Recording Blas Agjstment” 1.1 87 2.118, Recording Lovel Asjustmect 8B 2-118, Frequency Response (Over. 38 2-11-40, SanaltoNoiee Ratio (Overall |. 89. ZANT Erase Ratio me 88 251152! Channa Crosta 20200 S221 a9. 2.1159: Distortion 180 21-14 Headphones Ouious Lave <.. 80 211.18. ie Level Check 0) 13. Exploded Views and Parts Uist 2200 21 91 Schomatie Disgrame = esr $e Nate Raucton Uni O20 an esr ig crIntioduction to the 32and Its Design Philosophy No matter how labore a muticane! cape No a does? do tej wit he eee squirters ioe, and» lt of Ae ei The rcrdr bcm hake Ent fu S°ayacom th oles meropnons sone i ugiseaier, ampiiew and any TAeeat electronic cniees Erermng wealtes a part to tester of utero fecordin. Fee nor purpore 2 chee reorder rer we. hav ele te etre. serach maces fr we ety Se aMators, Por esanai, ie reo remote of melee ‘a in onoumt of xa Seubert made posible by te nun of saat prea, pe ad headphone | Bree pannel emay be coded while aud “tho err in trae ne” lover Seton aed rsong in. commence Saree tpe ering ie mula “punch Wren posi). He EDIT tole ar both sported, Se ci Soa gummy some! roe aed tole at argners aac oe Cue. DUMP EDIT, and noe aot pal section fort Tepcouce aes teamdies of ceed ar mae BIAS til too in thei foo, “dx noise reduction syst made unde license Jando, Incorporates. The name “ab” Erol ine dx symbol are trademarks of dbx, In corporates “This recorder Aeproducer fas seit numbor Tocated on the Fear panel. Plese record the fradl number and Sal umber and retain ‘tham fr your records Node! number ——— ‘Sere number ———— whatever thit business i, multitrack, mult Imedla, emote stereo or Fixed location studio operation Te has tong bean our contention that profes sionals is-fined by people and what results thoy achieve. H's not something that auto matically happens when you buy a tape machine with 2 lee oF tacks, or ata very high price e's wat. you do with the equipment’ and. how “ral you doi that makes the point. In designing the 32, we believe we have been ‘guided by the mufchanaal sytem ae i tly is. ‘We are sure our racorde/teprosucer can Glver the parformance neceseary 19 sthievt ‘old rents It you would like to comment on our design philosophy, please foo! tree to contac us. ive’ and comment from our owners has helped us Improve our products and our bust ‘ess. We weleame all feadberk. Preaie sendin the warranty card. Although It is not absourtely necessary to inure warron ty protection, it wil allow us to lea some things about who "you are and what yor do with tape. From time to time we mail oat Iterative and information of interest 4, the multichannel recordist Let ue know veers You ae and wel Keep in touch, | Ihe rae ay teens, se on eo | | io enngers nts of her tot mit or | | Sete mana cr co woo neces, (sect wir :ray t0 be generated by the micro phones. “hie ATT button afcts the MIC circuit only @vu Meters OVU =-3 Volt. What signal will be shown on he meters wll dopand on th settings of the OUTPUT SELECT buttons. For a comprehon Sie list of the possible meter logic, se tom 24, ‘OUTPUT SELECT buttons. @FUNCTION LED Indicators Indicates which FUNCTION buttons have been activated @ FUNCTION (L, R) Buttons Determines the recocdirepreduce status of the foresponding channels Tp ee Siter reproduce or source determined by GUTPUT SELECT buttons. Down — Ready t0 record. If “Record” has bean {lected through the vansport contol, ‘depressing this button will bogin re: tording Immaciatay. Output of re ‘onder bates to source @ INPUT Level Controls For adjusting the MIC or LINE level signal Setting has no effect on reproduce, This contol ipoto dual concentric types either channel ean be adjusted indopendertly @ OUTPUT Lowel Contos For esting the level ofthe sgnals sant to the OUTPUT (L&R) teminsls. This conto sof 3 Stal coneantrie type, 30 ether channel can be fsdjusted independenty. Use tis control to set fptimum monitoring oF Tisteing level @ OUTPUT SELECT Buttons Select which of three posible sources to feed the output lacks (rear porell and. VU meter {reas The LED's above the buttons show ‘nlection INPUT "— Meter reads line input to recorder, Input signal appears at output js. “Tape signal wil not be heart SYNC — Used for ‘all normal operations, recording, syneeproduce and. re froduce, Meter raade input ox bead BE play output depending on setting {Of funetion buttons (Lor/and REPRO — Salects head #3. Meter now reads tape playback, Does not prevent feording on "heed #2. Usidn to check performance and record! lay monitoring of tape @ OUTPUT SELECT LED Indicators Indicates which OUTPUT SELECT buttons have been actinted INPUT LED : Rea SYNG LED: Yellow REPRO LED Green (2 Transport Controls ‘Thi group of buttons control the mechanics! {etion ofthe tonspor, end the infoutnateing Of the record eireut. The RCT remote cone Unit lee rear panel forthe connection pain ‘will duplicate this contr! group. When the remote is connected, bath sete of corrals will be etve athe same time. CPi Button 1.lithen depressed aloe, the tape wil advance atthe spaed selected by the # 10 SPEED sateh Sind the #12 PITCH CONTROL. 2'when cepressed slong with the RECORD ‘button, ary oF all tacks that have ther FUNG: ‘TION seer buttons IN” ecard rey) wil ‘ogin recording mmectaly. 3.This vansport has a motion sensing circuit ‘hat allows the action of PLAY dlraty rom {ther fet forward or rewind. Press PLAY when fast winding and the transport wil sow, come briefly to STOP and then enter PLAY ty ise (ve } Fas Forward Button (5) Rewind Button Rewind tme i 80 seconds for 2 10-/2" rol, 112ml Bp ‘STOP Button RECORD Button Depresing thie button by itself will have no effect. Te begin recording, several cnaitions trust fst 2 met 1 One or more FUNCTION select butions must be IN (rar ready) 2, To enable the record ogi, the PLAY button ‘must be depressed simultaneously with the RECORD button. Ifthe transport fs n PLAY, press BOTH buttons together and thou wll > Int record made 53: Sinee the PAUSE button can hold te record logis in. an active condition [ee roct pape, PAUSE button) if PAUSE Is sete, recording ‘an start with 3 one button PLAY carmnata 4 Since cepresing PLAY/AECORD wit enable the recoré logic when the FUNCTICNY select botons se NOT sethe, tis possblo co begin Tecording ith this saquence as wall gthe more nual one Do this:1. Establish the record active condition by depressing PLAY aod RECORD topether, than 2'Deprest one or both FUNCTION’ sslex buttons end "recording wil commence. Ths ‘uitional logic i provided when i is racesary to. hear a previously recorded signal up {2 the "punetin”™ poise. If the FUNCTION fleet buttons ave OUT safe) the tape signal (CAN apocar at the output. If the FUNCTION, buttonsore IN (record. ready) only new INPUT ‘Sonal cn be auditioned and listening to the ape to find 2 "Cue" point forthe punchsn wil ot be posibe. Whea you mustlisten othe tape, pre Toad the record louie and use the FUNCTION ‘buttons to begin the resording, PAUSE Button This button will stop the tape and the recording roves without disengaging the record ogi, 10 continue recording, jus pres the play (> | button. slone, I! 2) RECORD/PAUSE logic fonction sin effect, allowing this “one Key Feturn to record mode, the groan and red LEDs Shove the PAUSE and RECORD butions will igh ? @ RECORD Stat Indicator The red LEO lights up when the deck has been {at into the record mode and begins blinking if the FUNCTION buttons are not epresied @ PAUSE Status Indionor ‘The. green LED lights only when PAUSE and RECORD have bean simultaneously presed @ Shut OF Arm ‘The shut off arm wil drop power to the capstan and Feel motors if the tape breaks, It's 3 good dea to alow it to drop when you take a break in the middle of seston. Doing this wil stop the conrtent rotation of the capstan, and il Tengthen the Ife of the capstan motor bearings. IN nat necssry to unthvead the tape, st low ite Become sek a thatthe shutoff arm in drop. @Pinch Roller ‘@ capstan shat BACK PANEL ‘@ REMOTE Connector Allows connection of the optional RC71 Remote Control Unit ‘@ourput Jacks Output level is 1048 (03 VI. Minimum load Immpedinee Is 10k ohms (unbalanced) @LINE IN socks Input level i -10 d8 (03 VI Input impedance s 50k ohm (unbalance). (@D8X UNIT CONTROL SIGNAL Connector ‘fis allows connection of the optional OX-20 Noise Reduction Unit and supplies control signal to the dx unit to permit simultaneous encode ‘decode. dbx operation. Becuse of this "dual process", no switching i required when you ange function from recording to psybeck “The fact tha thove are soparate Sections foreach function wil alsa alow “off the tape” moniter. Ingen the df ue, @PUNCH IN/OUT REMOTE Connector (Rc-302) Allows vexnrection of the optional ACIOP TASCAM PUNCH IN/OUT REMOTE PEDAL. @AC Cort “INPUT and OUTPUT level IW you do not hve acer to any text equipment for Yast tes, 2 good working poriton for the futput controls would be poriton "7". Fram {hat poston, careful monitoring and exper! ‘mentation wl Kelp you determine the cptinum setting. The loudest peaks may Briotly resistor in tho red zone, but the Input lvls should be reduced ifthe deflection needles seem Yo spend 2 Tot of ine Inthe rd zone Fr information on Setting the correct Input and eutput loves, soe "Calioraton” on age 28BASIC INFORMATION I Nore: [A metal spacer i mounted on the back of the feel adaptors and fe must be in place whan the NAB standard 10-1/2" matal rote ar ed Head Coatigurtion Tle as om ose TE Threading the Tape Lift the ead scoss cover and roease the syne ha hilt gin coos for threading Nore: Wyou use a rel of tape that has been stored "lle out” (See "Editing and Tape Storane”). it mut be placed onthe right rol table ad ‘wound tothe le ae Erasing the Tape [A previously recorded tape is automatically ‘erased whan you make a now record on i For the est quality resordings, and for con- ‘oniene, we recommend tha TEAC E-2A bulk ‘ror, Thi wil eraea your tape clearly in one pass for he best signal-tonorte ratio. Another ‘Nay to rae isto record withthe input conrots {atta the minimum levelEditing nd Tape Storage Newer ute ordinary adhesive tpe fr ths vital Drocere. Use ony the Spec tape made Prcanely for tape editing Monitor with the GUE lever. When you have toasted the precise point ta mate thet, stop ‘he tape ond mark she back ofthe tape with 9 Ehinocatttypo pencil at the center of the feprodvce hes, and thon ie the EDIT sete Wh the EDIT witch and (>) bution de prened, the tape wl bagi untheading iat {amping) because the take up rea wl ot be trv take tec The io nn atic took Highly recommended. A good Gualty machine: topeedtng Block wi Fis ensure good eats. “Tobe should be ord in cool, dy place wel away fom the Influence of magne fea, Printahrouh (the unsantedrensterot magnetic Signs rom one pat ofthe tape fo 9m aaeont bp of the tapes enung "echr") maybe re Enel by winging (NOT fost winging) the ove ont the take op eat st norms paying Speed Tor norage When the ope payed ai iis titrewound ate igh speed onto the supply foul This called storing the tape “tls out Seda consmon prctce tn many stun. A Fetal ideo tone whe leader ape at he Boprning end red nado toe atthe fail on ‘Fe analogy with while Head and tl ight Then‘on eoey way t0 remumber which end is whieh ENTERING “RECORD” In any tie recorder that offer: “SYNC oF ‘verdub expobitis [where & new part may be {ded tan already recorded. part), many ferent methods for entering the record mode willbe recessary. On the 32, there ae fou ways to cause the ‘transport to Begin recording, AAlwough sll of these diffrent methods ean Bo infer by reacting te descriptions that lis the {etion of each group of contol, we'll review a four methage here. The tile ofeach method f= the LAST action you perform to. make the proces stat |. PLAY/FECORD. Depress there two buttons together. Of course, signel souree must be Selectod (MIC, MIC’ ATT or LINE, and one ‘or more FUNCTION select buttons must be ‘Sepress. This industry standard to button Uinteick) method can be wed for almost all records, but It has a drawback. The minste that you depress « FUNCTION selet button, that trea te awitshed to "sure" and you Car's beara signal thot already onthe tae, ‘even Hf you press PLAY all by Wel. I you on’ ted to hear the previously recorded Signal to find the right place £0 begin your fw part, this method 1 OK. If you must hea, we mathod 2 2. FUNCTION elect, To use this mathod, switeh the OUTPUT select to SYNC, wiect 3 Signal source and with all FUNCTION select, Duttons UP finative), press PLAY/RECOAD ‘together, this action will sare the tape playing ‘without actally recording. ft WILL preload the reed foge. Te will NOT switch the ‘output electronics t0 "source (new signal Instead of tape playeack). Yau will sil be able to tear the tape. When you hear the cut, Sepress the FUNTION select buttonts) and ‘ecordirg wil commence .PLAY. & single button roturn to the record trode is posible i's RECORD/PAUSE lesic fas beer previously selected, see the paragraph fon the 2AUSE contol on page 7 for 3 com Bless deeripion ofthis fogle. This method UGeefl when you wish to stop recording wat for sore undesivd part to finish and then cantina coring.A.REMOTE PEDAL RCSOP. An accessory pedal s avalable that wil allow you to start fecording with @ foot switch, This is ex: {remy ‘useful to the musiean who must fneke “tight” ponehin thar requires both Frands won” the, istrument” at the exact moment of the “punch”. Te footswitch will NOT stort the transport, you must do that, uv i WILL. sar and stop recording. Hore’: How. ‘Connect the TASCAM PUNCH IN/OUT RE MOTE PEDAL to the rear of the 32. Now, ven wath both af your hands occupied, PUNCH! OUT can Sil be performed By usin the remote pedal While in syne reproduce, pressing the pads! with your foot inate uneirin of the channale for which record anetion fas been selected Puneh-out is dane ‘by simply pressing the ped! sai, ‘To conclade this section on entering record, here i 9 teviw ofall the record elated contols and what ‘hey do. INPUT. SELECT BUTTONS: The signal coming fom MIC oF LINE is controled by the INPUT SELECT buttons. LINE ~ Selects line input source signals MIC. — Selects microphone signals, ATT —Giseerdr 2008 of signal feom tho rierophones. OUTPUT SELECT BUTTONS: The sil prevented at tha output terminals Is controled by the OUTPUT SELECT buttos. INPUT = will typiealy be red for source librtions during system Interface fad setup procedures. When this Botton ib depressed, the input signals fre sent direct to the ovtput tr mina REPRO — will presont the reproduce head Signa tothe output jacks to monitor the printed signal on the tape for Teference during coring. SYNC. ~ wil be ured for mort operations: re- {ording,overdubbing Syne and Fe prodves, ‘The monitoring status is ‘ham determined by the FUNCTION FUNCTION BUTTONS: When the OUTPUT SELECT ie in either the INPUT or REPRO POSITION, the FUNCTION buttons have the Finale purpose of determining the record Sats Ups safe EOWN te ready torreon When the OUTPUT SELECT is In the SYNC position, the FUNCTION buttons save wo pur ‘they determine the record status — UP is sat, DOWN is ready torecord. 2) hey determine the menitorng stats — UP is syneftape reproduce, DOWN i sourVOLTAGE CONVERSION “This deck is adjusted to operate on the electric voltage spicfied on the Feel tap and. packing "Note: This voltage conversion isnot possible on tadals sold in the USA. Caras, UK, Australi or Europe, For general export units, if itis noessry to ‘hinge the voltage requirements ofthis dock t0 ‘match your ara, use the following rocedres, Alay disconnect power line cord. before ‘raking these charges 1. Disconnect the power cord of the dec from the soures, 2. Remove the bonnet panel and locate the ‘tage selector on the side of the deck eter to "22 Removing the Panals of the Deck on pago 7. 3.To increase the selected voltage, turn the lowed canter post clockwise using 8 sere ‘river or another suitable too 4.70 decrease the ssected voltage, turn the dotted center Dos countar clockwise. ‘5. The numels that appear in the cutout Window ‘of the voltage selector indicate the teleted voltage 6.1 the desired voltage numerals do not appear In the cutout window es ou tua the slotted ‘canter post, Your deck must be taken to an Stthoried TEAC Service Facility for valtage conversion. Sec oitap for | SE" @ 4 NOTE FOR U.K. CUSTOMERS U.K. Customers On: ‘Due to the variety of plugs being used in the Uk, this units sold without an AC plug, Pleas request your deater to install the corec plug fo ‘match the mains poner outlet where your unit Ul be ste ae portage instructions, IMPORTANT rei to theta nh meted wth Inn eared BLACK, The wi whic Sota asCONNECTION AND OPERATION OF THE DX-2D ‘TASCAM|DX-2D designed for integration with Reproducer. fom: hn te 9220 ech compe anBX Bypas Seite With this DBX Noise Reduction sytem both " INCODE/DECODE sre operation wile thie Sitch sin the (EL. DBX! portion, With thie bite in the (= BYPASS) postion, Une OBX Girout ie bypassed, which deactivates the EN CODE/DECODE function. The switches for tach ehennal {1 — 2) wer independently 0 facilitate ssparate functioning 2. Withths switch in the| = BYPASS) position, an LED lights to Indiote st the OBX cleat tas-been bypassed. Keop this switch In this potion when not wsing the dx Nose Reduc ton stom How the DX-2D functions “Ths DB UNIT functions only when connected {othe DBX UNIT CONTROL SIGNAL terminal fof the 32 ‘Once the DX:20 has been connected, you may Vitwally ignore It. The unit is completely auto. nati, And, because ofthe design and nature of ‘he BX-2D_ noise reduction unit, there is no feed for record oF Feproduce level match acjust ‘ents the level fs non-ritical within noma {oleranoar the circuit is sable, Since decode and encode functions are stustes by the respective chanrals ofthe DX-2D, simul taneous dbx NR Coding/Decoding is possible \withavt having to swith between ENCODE oF DECODE, Original Recording ‘Suppare you sf going to record, with OUTPUT SELECT ‘in the SYNC potion, depress FUNC: ‘TION select Buttons 1 andlor 2. LED ineators wi light, slanaling ready to tecor ‘An encoded sign will be automatically ce produced when the 32 is started because of the Bax unit's ability to simultaneously code and ‘Greode while the OBX sites athe (BX! postion How THE 0X20 WoRKS “The DX20 is a wido-band compression exp Sion system which provides 8 et noise reauction Troseband, not just hs) of a tle mere than 20a, In addition, the compression during ‘Fecording permits 9 het gl ope beedioom of spout 1048 A compresion factor of 2:1 ie ated before re ‘Srding then, 1-2 expansion reproduce. These ‘compression and expansion factors ar tier in Societe and alow the system to proce top Fecorsngs with over a 100 dB. dynam renge— bn imporont feature, especialy when’ you're ‘making. tne recordings. The DX20 employs FMS evel sensay to iiminate compresor am pander tracking rors cue to phase site in the tape recorder, and provides excellant transient {Wackingeapabiliis, “To achieve 8 large reduction in audible tape his, without danger of overload or high frequency Selfrasue on the tape, frequency preemphasis Sand. deemphasis are sede to the signal and FMS ove! sensors, Hf youre an elettonic engines, of the above ‘30 may tll you the whole story of what's gira fn in the DBX, but lf you're nat, to mace things {Tila easer to understand wel abk you 10 use Tinapine four Tila recording enginae's in the box with sch of their hande on volume con ‘rol, They are incredibly fst but vary stupid 50 you must ve thom a set of rules. Youll her {orale signal trot are Below "DVU", and re (duce igen that are higher than "0 VUE, ‘The lower tho signal 5, the more they ‘aso i, 4nd the higher levels above "D VU" gp lowered ‘ore and more as they go up in level past "0" ‘Tas is the 2:1 comprasion, You els ell them tocall"0.316 V""0 VU" Here they domthing, no change excopt frequency preemphasis ot Boost, Sine you know they are going 0 Keep ‘the high levels under contra, you ean raise the "top end’ Bt and stil not overload he tape Just {0 koep It simple for them, the Boost in highs is ed. They put it inal the time, no matter what level changes they ae mak, Now ‘we ploy tpe back, and say OK, do eorything Deckard Levels above "0.316 V" “DVU" are raised and levels below 0.318 V" aelowore, And while you're fellows, take off He axes top end af well Follow the rules Ia ores, AS long you don't confuse thom by sing the "OVO" pint, they work just gest bul — dont put In mere than’ "0.316 V'ves toro VU, er font make. the tape” playback zero anything ther than "0.316 V" ether. Ar we sil they're ory dumb and will folow instructs very protic. ifferng levels wll produce Jecoding‘The renin these arors may not be objection thle s that people eould Reve played or sung or ‘thatover with 9 litle move oles dynamics. A Salt change won't bear ntioedble a a mistake, bur it not perfect, The tolerance here isnot Seetronig i's human. To get eaetly what You put in, itis necerary to get on exact "0 VU" Bare Vin and out. The systom level sensitive though fete realise to sy Is "arstieally” forgiving ‘One common mistake we find, i that people ont eheck the OUTPUT voltage ofthe minor (other device feeding the DX20, and don't ‘Eesembes that the DX20 te the first Rem inthe system (22/0X-2D),."Brething” and. “pump: ing” ean result espcilly on Instruments ike Pano snd. acoustic guitars, if tho Tovels are Eeriously mismatched, because of the way the DX2D works, If your mixer "0" VU is not 0.3 ole the, DX-20."sanderd 2er0"} the code Drowess will reflet the fact theta owls are Righer if the eixer “zero” volt} Now, Infor you DECODE, the toubles sar. The 3 playouck electronics cannot safely be st to the "high output level, and the decoder wil fot "soe", the sme levels In playback, Decode ‘rors will occur. Consider aleo the fact that the DX20 sil in ‘rene your signal to noite rato by 30 dB. If you ‘cord at 2 generally lover level you wil aid Son problee and stil have qult tapes. Try Ging “Sor? VU asa "2000" Mixing Program materi most bela uncompressed frm {or mixing and sound.onsound recording. You trust fst decode the program material which fits been sicoded by the DX.20 In ord to mie it with any other material ~ compressed or Un Compreees Of ure, mixed material may be Compressed again for recording. It this proc tion not followed, you'll get cross mulation (of the sopra signals or tracks Shite guys im tho box wil lok at their ‘art” and give you some realy entoraining love shift, a we ave said, thoy'e fast but ‘ume: Subsoniesand Interference “The DX.2D incorporates an etfetive bandpass {ite with-3'68 response ot 20 He and 30 KH ‘This fer suppresses undesirable sub and super. fone frequencies to Keep thom from introducing ‘roe into the encode or decode process, How ‘ser, if rumble from tains or ticks i picked Un by your miesophone and fed to the DX20 fiters are not perfect — modulation of the progran ratarial during low Teel possages may Becur Ths low frequency component wil not Feet be gased through the recordor are s, wil hot be presont at repraducs for proper desodina If this low Ive! decoding ero Is encountered, and subseniee are suspected, we suger the {ldivon cf a suitable Nigh pass Titer ahead of the X20 end after the mic preamp for Further attaation of there subsonietrequencies,M30 RECORDING MIXER ‘The M20, 2 mult-funeton recording mine, not only offers multimicrophone recordings, mixing Possibility. to. draw out any dese sgn Throughote sound processing, and the ability to trixdown to sin e master tape on 24k pe deck Wo recommend the TASCAM M30 RECORD ING MIXER asthe ideal pornor forthe 22, FEATURES INPUT SECTION #8 mic inputs (6 low impedance balanced, and # B:ape routs 2 line iaputs Miciinaremictape input sleeror Mie ATT (0/20/40) © 2''bane! parametric equalizer (60 ~ 15k, Tk = IOkHz plus 125KHE sheling ype equlize (21848) © Mute svitches Direct aut 2 cue out Accessrysend/eeceive foreach inpet Overt indiatar fr ach input 1 Buss asign buttons and pan pote MASTER SECTION #4 main arogram mixing buses 1 Buss input foreach bose 1 Accesory sondrecive foreach buss 2 buscar line out) 1 Monitor gain aed pan control for nseh pro gram use 4 Master ader 1 Meter input selector fousimontor/sbmbe 1 Stereo monitor headphones with vols con tool andinput selector (monitor SUBMIX SECTION © 8x2 somixer 1 Gain and pon contro Suomix master gain contol 5 Stereo abmix out 2 Stereo abmix in ‘OTHERS #2 setsotstra0 phono invout termina builtin phono RIAA EQ).SPECIFICATIONS stopul-Line Quip 2 enter Op/2Submin Out TeSatomet MEN per 1. onan! te ar meen Rexllne Maina om met me Fee, BATE arm NzGitumioput ee 0gBV 2 V)~ ATT 0408 ouimpedsnce: 20k le Soh va Catt, Baoan mess Donne Neer nat mee, “a0 10275 v) Mae gegev sv) Nema ips inet: “10GB 0S VP (ists et 10 S8¥ 103.9 ASGESESENB Quip nut aner oeon: Nieman Skokre verses 1 oy Noniontagiict, “beBVI03 0 {Mourn nput eet: 1B BV 10.13 V1 sing — brn! od PRE, POST, TAPE 1 — NSnlodtperew, “eBvi03 M1 Noxmum mowteve: 1438 160) “GStimgranet Bohm (GOV 2 at ate Newser Sohne reset ma vet "8 S60 (03 V) at ke Frequereylow Do 4.500 He sa th e8af0Ve ‘Sigal Noas Rao (A weighted nmuighte ic Low impcnen 116 68 WTO. 1Ed Ure (20t620000 He) te ow not ME notre rpadane) ahenne Bee than SVS dB imo te SEE oan Bieeme SHEBES comm ean re weACCESSORY INFORMATION TO122A Tost Tone Oscilstor Checks input/output belence or other electric Characteristics of the system chain. This unit is ‘to useful for tape deck maintenance work Output pin jack. Output level ~10 48, -40 8 (0.48/1 V) "Selectable fequencies 40 Hz, 400 Hz, Thea, 4 kit, 10 Kes, 15k A E-2A Bulk Eraser FRE-1008 Real (10-12, 14" tape) RET12 Rea (7", 1/4" tap) P5.64 Patch Bay {A tangle eablesis one of the growing vexations ff any audio syst. With al of the inputs and futputs plugged inio the rear panel, jumper bles plug into the front make any hookup You noad neatly RC-30P Punch In/Out Remote Pedal RM-300 Rack Mount Angle (EVA 19.) The AM-300 isa rack mounting angle kit for the TASCAM recorderreproduce’ 32. to. enabie mourting in the C8-607 or a wanderd 18-inch =65607 Console Rack (EVA 19-inch) ‘The C5607 is a standard 19:ineh console rack 1 be-unes with the R200 for mounting of the Tascam 32. 7.0806 Blank Pano (ELA 18-inch} The T-0804 is designed to cover up the unavoi ‘Ble blonk speces on the TASCAM C307 oF Guivlent EIA standard 19h rack. Professional Low Loss Cable ‘There are vast differences in eable design and povformosce, and those differences con make or ‘break on atherwlseexcellont sound system. When Sou'reimesting in tha kind of gh guatiey audio ‘uipment represented by the TASCAM Studio Saray, it makes sense to use TASCAM profes- Sionel audo cables Anyone who's switod tO {hom wl tall yu they're worth every cont Low CAPACITANCE (Our cables feature very low capacitance under 15. picoarads per foot, so they don't ac 23 hgtrrequency rolloft fers as. do. typical ‘ables of 100 of 300 pF/foot. In addition, our ‘bles ue an ukrahigh density burecopper breed seid (09 % coverage, so elcvortatic poise fbutz or hum) and MEI [CB or brosdeast ‘Taras re kept ovt of your program. Low capacitance is important, and 10 is con Sntonteopacanee; that, you wars the ele: ‘viel coupling of center conductor t-sield tO Femain the same throughout tho cable, even {Sshorly bert crushed led, or tugerd Should the local eable capacitance change, else and/or Sure loses often result We ulze the uninue Gislacere krown 8 Datalene. THs. special Ineultion Keeps the sanded signal conductor perfectly centred within the shel. Datlene is bout at flexbl az foom core diglevies but far more reristant to extteme hes} or cold, fnd has 9 "memory" 30 retain ts shape {after flexing. Datlene also acts as 8 mechanical Shock absorber, guarding apsnst external facts whieh, in othor cables, might sever the enter conductorsand cause marmite mat. When ws join the connector to the cable, we Invert the cable's stranded enter sowcuetor all the way into the pin and hen flee pin with Solder. The braid is wrapped and soliered 2 full $20" around the shal, not tacked ai One #90, {9 you get maximum shilling ad staatSPECIFICATIONS OF THE 32 eee Uboe, 112 ml tow no, Nh “ack Format: Eek cal ck wh NAB BT ch 2.9. OIN fess: {TE ae Cg) ha msi ‘ope Spade: 1S inca per eon 18 is, 7-1/2 inne gr sod (9 ee Valtne, 2 Neen 10 8 pl spect aaey, Sea eaten betel 20.06% pa (OINIECIANS! weg 201 pec IONMEGIANS unmet) 9. & Rs ISINAB weal : {3.7 BMS CIS/NAB Urea) fst Wind Tie Secor 0220 at Capran Motor: Fe tineaer gota OSto moe Fie Cot guration Shear, rcoraherote x2 Tepe Sue owe on Sensing (03st 20.15 se. dy ire stop tne motion Dimemins {Ml peaitg 189 NB TO) HO TO 481x256 ram) fe ‘Bile 20x ne eLecraicat, Trout Seton Lire ATT 208) $c ets Fosevoa vy) Tiadev BoM “ose i mt Sav od, with icATT 208 nme ee a era Fe mnt incre evan NAB (USA/Canada General Export moet: ‘tao SO aera sige Dt crnc), 712 ip 1 ones) Teer (euoei /auavaa mos se asyase 18 rGB ence 7 ame 7.17298 Tideméee Frauen Response ‘Reor/Reprocuce3! ‘Se some 72 aH 23.48 OVW fone ~ 22th 23a sO VU 746 Soe —teknss3.48 0v0 Syme an Reproduce?) ee "pe $0 ir 22. 2308, any Sie ao ke 2908 ‘oval Harmonic Ditorton THOL3 OB OVE. 1000 He 25 Nin S18 eB abo 0 VU.1900 He 1.118 atinSilo Note Rot) ‘Aarefoone of e298 stove 0 VU, 1.116 in = 6b. igs (WAG) do eid Take bi Avenged AB. Sta united 43.8 A weed IVAB it coe" 1.8 oro, wh nan ann Cosa Ors} Sos Soe aa OU enroom Secordng Ampifer~Erir un 2508 oove0 VU st ke Tine input an eutgus BA ac Ma: For ik town Pane nfs roe Phar ck ip Sie) Soran un poe Por Reuienant 20/20/20 V AC 5860 Fe, 70W [anal Export Medel 120 Vac, 6 He JO (UsAlCnaae ode BOW AC, 0 Hs, 70 fone adel HHO AC, 60 he, 70 (UCIAUS Ne) tn use spectationsOdBYirefeenend to 19 Volt til etge et alo ae gen in pret. ‘rule te 8 o8 0.75 Vou eens wl 9 Sm na odo veut od 22 48 tothe gt von ey 0b. PY oF 0.078 - 11 Sutra wae doen wing TEAC Tot Tape VTT 200077 2) StSncon ers eter tg TEAC Tet Tape VT AOD8/VTT-008 (NAB Equant), YTT-O8) ‘Prrroea Wee eqaieaton sy Souter ae Seen ing TEAC Tet Tape YTT 063 Ghatse ts tected teste ay bu mace witout note eition. ianig Sand 8 hecs 0 Ra or rl G40 Ga Rc on 0D Dar oe Parent oot co: ct tr en RoeTHE dB; WHO, WHAT, WHY ‘No matter what happens to the sgna while is bing processed, will evontualy be heard ance ‘guin by a human ear. So the process of con: ‘ering @ sound to. a9 electri! quantity end beck to round ageia must follow the logic of human hearing, "The feet group of sclemsts and enginears to deal vith the problems of understanding how the. ear, works. weve telephone "company Terearchers, afd the fsultsof thee investigations form the foundation of all the measurement fystems a us in aucio today, The folks at Bel Litorstoriee get the felt for finging out how ve judge sound power, how quiet @ sound an fveage person can heat, and almost all of the ‘many other dota about sound you must know before yau can work with it succesfully rom this besle research, Boll Labs developed & fystam of units that could be applied to al ‘has of the system. Sound traveling on wites 48 electrcal energy, Sound on tape ss matic ‘nergy, sound In ait; anyplace that sound I, oF has been stoved a anefay until some future time. whan it will again’ be. sound, can be ‘deeibed by using the human ear elated syst ‘of numbers called "ble named in honor of ‘Alexander Graham Bel the inventor of the tse: phone What sa bel and what does it stend for? Ie means, very simply, twice as loud to the human eer Twice as laid es what? An abvious question. The. bel it almays. 3 comparison Between two things. No matter what system Of units Of measure you are working with at he time, you. must clways state a wale as 9 Feferenee before You can compare ancter value tot by using bel, Vols, dynes, Webers —it doesn't matter, abe, oF ear-elatad statement of "wie o loud” is always ratio, not an abso sumer. Uniess a zero, or "no difference” point Isplaced somenttre, no comperisons poste “There are many positive and definite statements cf reference In use today. But before we go aver ‘hem, we sbould divide the "bel" into smaller ‘nits. “Twice as loud” will bee ila crude to be uted all the time, How about one tenth of @ bal? Okay, the decibel iis, and O manne "no eifferene, same. a8 the reference”. Tt seldom tneane “nothing”. Now, if you double. the power, i tat ovge a8 loud? No, eis only 3.48 trove sound. If you double an electrical voltae, Wie twice ae loud? No, ie only 6 d8 more found, The unit quantities follow noninest a progrssens to satisfy the ears’ demand Rermamber, decibels foliow the eas, All other quantities of measure must be. inoessed. in whatover"units necessary to sats the human Faqurerent, and may not be easy 0 visualize ‘Sound In air, our beginning reference i the last Sound the human ear (young men} cin detect at ‘000 to 4000 Herts. Gell Labe mesure this value 9 be 0002 mievabar, 30 we sy 0-8 10002 microbe and work our way Up rom the bottom, e fom the point at which thee sno percsivabl sound to humans”: Here fea chart of Sounds and. their ratings In'gB, using 0002 Ilerbar pressure change in air a¢ our reference for "O.dB spl” (Sound Pressure Lovell SOUND AND MUSIC REFERENCE‘Since the reference is srsume tobe the lowest possible audible value, 08 sl (Sound Presure {vel is almost lvoe postive, and correctly ‘writin should have 2 sign in front of the umber. Butt i frequently omitted. Negative GB pl would indicate so low an enargy value Sto be of interest toa scons trying to record fe cricket at 1,000 yds. stance, ard is. of ro Sirficance tothe multichannel ocorcst, Far frore to the point fs the question "What is 2 Frlcrbor?™ 10 ie 2 unit of measurement related fo otmospherie.pressute and although it is Sharemely small emust be divided down quite Sloe before. fe will Indicate the minimum prosure change inair that we concer minimum ‘laibie sound, The wil give you a batter idea ot the senetty ofthe human esr. ‘One whole stmasohere, 14.70. pounds por Squere ine, equate 1.01325 bars. So one whole ‘trosphere’ in mieicbars comes out t0 be {I013.250. One microbar of presure change is ‘ightylesthan ane millonts ofan atmosph Gna you can find ft on our ehart as 74 JB spl Itisot terribly loud, bu itis eorainly not hard to heer, As-2 rater of fact, ie represents the Srorage power of conversations seach t 6 oot “This level fe also Used by the phone company to Geline normal earpiece volume on a standard {elophone, Now think about that minimum uate threshold again: 0002 mieroba. “That's two ten-thowsandthe of a millionth pact “This breakdown of one refernce ji not given just to amaze you, oF evento provce a feel for the quantity of power thet mogerate levels of found represent. Rather, it intended. to npn the razon we are sade with ratio! Toparithes measurement system for audio. AAdaing ved subtracting. multeaiit numbers hgh be easy in this ape of pocket calculator, fut in the 1920's whan the phone company regen is reeareh into round ard the human to, 3 more easily handled system of numbers tacoma abeolute necessity. Convenience for the seentist and protial engineer, however, hae Ie us mith a system that rules 2 gaat deat of complex explanation before you ca eadand Correa interpret 9 "spee sheet” for almost any pice of oa. Here are the formulae for unit inremant; but thoy are nscessary only for designers, and unless ‘you build your avn gear, you won't have ro deat With them. For power (ott) inerease oF las, ‘aleulate by the following equation (6) For volte, current or presure calculations vi 20 106, ¥2 =n 14a) Plotting te points resutant from using those ‘equations we come up with the folowing chart ‘Once we havo this chart, we can see. the difference between the way humans perceive Sound. ane the amount of force it takes tO Change air passe, Unfortunately, the result not a simple "ice st much pressure” of sound {to be hewd a5 "twee as loud”. If you pot ‘cide at the even evsions on & ofp, the Unit nerene you neve isa very funy carve “This is how the ear works, and we mist adipt four systan to We have no choi i we expect out loudipeaker to produce a sau that eseres the orginal sound webegia vith. The high tenstivity to sound of the human ear produces 2 sttong “energy” illision tat has fonts litenere ince” early time. How Dowerful ae the louest sounds of usc rea power? Cin sound be wed asa source f eeray {o Go wield work ssh 88 operating 8a"? For 2any normally “loud” tound the enswer is, fegrattably, nol perhaps not $0. regrettably, Consider what, would Mappen if ene pound of pressure wae applied not to your head, but rectly to your loner ear. One pound of air presure vrition ls 170 d8 ep This amount of epower” might. do tome uEeul Work ~ But not much, it’s sll only one pound and to make use fit you wil have to stand one mile sway oF You will go deaf immediatly Wwe reduce ‘our sound’ power to raliste ‘musical values, we will not be injured, But we ‘will have almost nothing (in ral power terms) to fun the mie witht ‘stow avaiable energy i the reason that high {pin amplifiers are require for mlerophones {inen we take 2 microphone and “pick up” the ound, we do have some lovray in deciding how ‘uch energy we must have In order to operate The electreat part of our system. If we ean Gecide that we don't have to truly hear the STpral while we are processing it from point to paint ord we. can wait until the electronic ‘vce have done al heir routing and switching before we need auaible sound, we can lower the ower of the signal. What i 4 good valve for 3 Feterence here? Well, we need to have enough ‘nargy 20 thet the signals ot dbscured By his, frum buez or other unplessant things we don't IWant, but not £0 igh tht it costs a fortune in “Jutee" or electrical power. This was a big consideration forthe telephone company. “They now have the world’s baget sudo mixing syetern, snd even when they started out, lac tweity was not fee. They set their electrical power signal reference as low a5 was practical at fhe time, and has lowered over the Years 3s ‘octroni equipment has gotten batter. In 1930 the telephone company, ado broadeestng, ad {ecording industry got together and standardized Frullvatt of power a8 OdBm, and this Is sil the standard of related industri. Thus, 3 0 8m Spal lato 2 600 ohmiine impeasce will present voltage of 0.775 vols, (Once again, we owe you an explanation. Why ‘door i say ZERO on the meter? What is an ‘hm? Why 600 of them and not some other ale? What’ a vole? Let look atone thing at 1. The loge of ZERO on the meter is another fangower from the telephone company practice, When. you start a phone call is California, the slgnitieant information to a telophone company technician in Boston is — ithe signa evel op? 30, how much? When the'meter sys ZERO it indicates ro the ahane company that there has been no ios‘ the tram, and al swell The tefererce ive is one miliwatt of power But {tha gain_or los in the information the Imeter was supposed to spay 9th lege of ZERO made good see, end thts what they futon the dal We stl et eventhough fs fot logeal for anything else, and the ides of 2 Teter lo dorenbed. ae 8 no. lat” ZERO, no monte what steal power Being tress, (sso tly set In the minds of tveryone’ in ‘the audio world that It Is roby never going to change. (One ofr i 4 unit of esstanes to the pastge (of electrical energy. ‘The exact reasons for the ches of 600 ohms as soncard are {onneced tothe demands of tha cuits ured for tong cisance transmission and. are not simple or easy to explin, Suffice io say thatthe worst poesble thing you can do to piace of electronic oquipment sto lower the fesitaree itis expected to work into (the load). The lower the number of ohms, the harder itis to design a sabe circuit. When you think about “lod”, the trath jst the Sposa of what you might expect! O obs tea “hort circuit not rasitanca to the passage of signal If thi conditie occurs boetere your slgnal gets trom California to Boston "you won't be able to tak — the circut didn’t "got there, It "shorted ut”. ‘nee agin, telephone. company. logic has enter the’ anguage on 2 permanent bass Unies the value for ohme is intirity (00 contac o possible energy flow! yeu willbe bettr off the higher the value, ad many working electronic devices haus ireut ‘Rumer inthe millions or billions of ohms ‘A volt is. unit of electrics pressure, and by Fel tot enough to deserve the electrical Cee eee reece aa may help, you can think of water F¥ 2 hose ‘Tha presi i ot the amount of rater sod fast flew will’ Gepend upon the sve of the ode’ impedance or restance) = well Tnereos"the size of the pipe (ewer the restore, or 2) and pressure wots] vl op Unies "you make. "more water (eucent) Sllble 0 keep up the demand. Tit sraogy ‘works tirly wll for DC current ane volta But altnating curent ke you te Imaginethe water running in and ‘whatever frequency your “eircul Stand i harder to ures # mental ai. Water hiss never been known to lew out ofa pipe at 10,000 eyetes per second “his reference lve fr a starting point has been tie by reco, television, and many other groups In eucio because the telephone company was the largest buyer for audio equipment. Most ofthe Companies that built the gear started. out ‘working for the phone company and new audio Tdustries 8s they came along, found it eco- omicat to wse as many off theahelf components ae they ‘could, even though they were not outing sigals rom one ond of the world tothe ‘other Must we use this telephone standard for recor ing? ts ain audio hoe bean so widespread that many peopia have sssumed that it was the only Choice for quality audio. Not so. ‘A 600-ohm, Sire transformer slated circuit fe 2 necenlty for th Telephone company, but rimary reason fi wed has thing fo do ‘wat audio quality. It is mois, hur ane buzz ‘ection in rally fan line operation (hundeeds ‘and hundreds of ries: ‘Guelty audio doesnot domard 690 ohm, Sire Greuitey, In fact, when shielding and oltion Sre not the majoe corsidertion, there are big Scvantoges ia using the, Zaire sytem that go ‘well beyond cort reduction. Te 35 Systm, inherently capable of much beta performance than 3 ire transformer ioated eral, Since TASCAM" mixers ae desgnad to route 2 ignal from amie to 3 recorder, we think that the 2uiee systom sa wise choice. The Ioternationelly acoepted standsrd (IEC) for foctronies of this kind uses a vltage reference fvithoutspecitying the exact load itis expected Toda, The references this 008-1 Volt This i_now the prefered reference for all Ceeteonie, work @xcape forthe telophone ‘company and. some pars of the radio and ‘{Shosion busiaee Long. distance electronic ‘ranamiasion el requires the 600-ohm stanard 1 your tet gear has a provision for inserting 2 {600m lead be sure the fo isnot used when ‘working on TASCAM equipment. Now that we have ghen a relernce for our "0dB™ pant, we cen print the funny curve again, with numbers on Tt, and. you ean reed ‘oltages too slong with the changes IndIMPEDANCE MATCHING AND LINE LEVELS {Al electronic parts, including cables and non. powered “devices. mis, passive maxiors and uch], have impedsnee, measurable in ohms (Symbol or 2). Impedance. is the total ‘opposition a part peesents tothe flow of sia fhe is Important to understand some thing ¢ outputs —- It is generally sid that tho output imped: nce (2) should be as low a6 possble $00 ofr, ID ohms. The lower, the bat, in theory. ‘A creat with a low output Immoadance wil offer alow resistance to the posse of sgnal, and thus wil be abe to Eopply many multiple connections without 2 ose in performance ora veltaye drop in Sny part of the total sigal pathway. Low inpedance values can be achieved econo: feally by using transistors and interated Cireuits, but other considerations are stills problem in practi Tithe practieal power supply is. ot Infinitely large. At some point, ever if the cvouit capable of suppiving more fnergy you wil run out of "ue 2. Long before th happens, you may burn fout other parts of tho” circuit. The Sutnst impedance may be close to the {heoretcally ideal ohms" but many parts nthe practial circuit are not Feige oi curs rates heat td too much curent wil ‘erally burn ports right off the ckeuit board if steps are not taken to prevent exttophi flue. 3. Even if the cuit doss not destroy heat, too high 3. demand for current ray seriouly affect the guelty of the Gude. Distortion wll ese, frequency fesponse wil suffer, and: you will get poor results ’ SOURCE (output “The classic procedure for measuring output impsdance is to reduce the loae's impedance LUnsi the output voltage drops 6 d8 (ha the ‘Srginal power) and note what the lead alte is Tn theory, you now hive »losd impedenes that Is equal to" the output impedance. If you ‘Gradualy reduce the load (ncreaso the input Fropedance) the cB reading will return stow to ‘coriginal value, How much drop is aoceptable? ‘Wat load wil be let wehen an accoptabe drop Herend on the meter? " bout this value when you are making con- ectons in your mixing system, The outputs oF route have. en impedance rating end s0 60 inputs. What's good? What values are best? Ie depend or the erection of signal flow, and in theory, i loks like this Pug into inputs Inputs should. have very high impedance rumibers, as high. s& possible (100/000, ‘ohms, Tmilion ohms, more, if it can Be lranged). high resitanee to the flow of Signa! at fist sounds bad, but you are not ‘going to bul the ger. the designer tlie You it ings will work propery and hae ho eed for a large mount of shal, you ‘cn ature that he means what he 387s For your's high input impedence Ie 3 vartue Ie means that the. elreut ll {doit job with e minimum of electrical fnergy at the beginning. The most "sco fomial" dactronic vices in ute tory. fave input mpedonets of many millions of ‘ohms. Ter gear, for ample, voltmeterso! 20d qually must not draw signal away from at they sre measuring, or they will distur the proper operation ofthe crcl [A design enginoor ead to see what Is ping on in is design without destroying [9 he mast have an "eflelent” device eo measure wih {LOAD tinput) Traditionaly, when the losd value finpat 2) approximatly seven times the ouput imped ‘ance, the needle is sil tle more thin 1 Tower than he orginal reading. Most techreians sey, 8, not bad thar's Soceptable" We at TASCAM ‘must soy shit ws {do not agree, We think that asoverto-oye at ff input (7 to eutpur (1 snot 9 high nou" ‘tio, ana hee why1. The meesurement fe usully made at mid ange trequency and doos not show true Toss Gr the frequency extremes, What about the Grop at 20 He of 30 kHe? 2. ail ouputs. ara not messured at the same ime, Most pope don't have twenty meters Ine do, Remember, everybody plays together Mthen you record sed the crit demands, in practice, are simultaneous. All drow power at fhe same time Because of the widely misunderstood rule of ‘thumb — the seven tone ratio — we wil give Nou the velue for output impedance. ‘True Output Impodanco Even though the tru output impodance may be Tow say 100 ohm, i takos Tob to eheck the fete gf thar, ao forthe practical roasers we fave explained, the use of the ratio method of Impedence calculation must be changed to. 2 higher ratio. We prefer 100:1 i posibe ard we Corse 50:1 to be the minimum ratio that we think safe. Because ofthis, we will give you @ tuner for ohme tat you ean match, Minimum {ota Impedance. No calculations, we have made them already Minimum Load Impedance hake CERTAIN THAT YOU CONNECT NO TOTAL LOAD IMPEDANCE LOWER (ru: rreically) THAN THIS FIGURE. LINE OUTPUT: 10k ohms Nominal Load Impedance Dur specifications usally show 10,000 ohms as S Nominal Lond Impedenes. This toad wil sure optimum pectormance. Remember, any Impedance Tower than 10,000 ohms is more ‘one Input Impedance Input impedance Is more straight forward and fenuires ony one number. Here are the values forthe 32 LINE INPUT: 50k ohms MIC INPUT: 10k ohms Vv one output isto be “connected to two ine puts the tra impedance ofthe two inputs mus. fot be lower than the minimum loed impedance, mentioned above, and i it becomes recess 13 TRereose tha number of inputs with sight reduc tion of th lsc specitiations, you must check {or a dp in eve, a Toss of headroom, low frequency response, oF else suffer from 3 bed recording. fone input is 10,000 ohms, another (of the same 10,000 ohms wil give you a total input impedance (loa) of 5,000 ohms To avoid {culations you can do the flloting when you have wo Inputs to connect to one output “Take the lower value of the two input imped ance ard divide ie in half If the number you have fe grater than the minimum load Impad fnce, you ean connect both at the same time, Fomor’, we are ot using te tre output i Dpedance va ‘are uring the adjusted numb, tho Imisimum output leas impedence. you mut have exact vues hae is the formula for dasim ae 2 load o inputs Rixn2 Peo RTe R2 When you have more than two loads (input Just civding the lowest impedance by the rar ber of input il not be socurate unlos they re ail the sme size, But if you sl get a number that 3 higher than the minimum load impedance By this method, you ‘an connect withoxt Wry. yout hove exact lus, hee is the formula for more than 2 loads or inputs axe Ww x= Value of Total Load Finding Impadance Values on Other Brands of Equipment When you are reaging an output impera ne se Cfiaton, you will osasionaly soo ths kind of Miu fad impedance = x ohms Maximum loud impedance ‘Thace two statemants ae tying to say the same thing, end can be very confusing. The wisimum load impedance say: please don't mate the NUMBER of ohms you connect to ths output fy lower than 3 ohne, Thats the lest NUM BER. The second matement charges Fe loge, but says the oxect some ting. ore PyMaximum losd impedance rofers tothe idea of the LOAD instead of the number, and say please don't make the LOAD any heavier. How ‘do you increase the load? tiske the number Tower for ohms. Maximum load means minimum ‘hie, fo read earful Wher “the minimimimaximam statement is ‘made, you can sifely sume that the manufac fuer has alresdy done his calculations, and the humber given In ohms does not have to be ‘multiplied, You can MATCH the value of your Inut to this number of ohms succesfully, but facaluays, higher aha willbe okay (es leas) (crasonally, manufacturer will want to show ‘you that 7 times the output Z isnot quite the Fight idea’ and wll give the output impedance ‘ard the correct load this way, they wil cal the ‘Sutput Impedance the True Outpux Impedance ‘and then will ive the recommended minimum LOAD Iedance. It may be 3 nighor or ower ratio than 7 times and wil be watever the spe ‘if cuit in question requis, REFERENCE LEVELS We should talk about one more reference, & practical one, FRnyone ‘ho hat ever watched a VU meter bounce ern while recording knows that "eal found” fs nota fixed value of energy. It varies With time and ean range from "no reading” to “good grein Tes time than it takes to bine Inorder te give you the numbers for gin, head room and nolie In our mixers, we must ue 2 Steady sgl that will not jump around. We uso 2 tone of 1000 Hz and start tout at lvl of “60d at iho mic input, our Begining reerence level, Alt level afer the mie input wl be higher ‘than ‘this, snowing that they have been amped and eventaly we wil come to the fet output OF the mizer —"the line-out ard the reference Signal there wil be -10 8, our “ine level” re ferancr From this you can soe that if your sound is louder than 84 dB sp1~ your mie will produce tore electricity from 3 sound of 94 a8 pl than 60.45, al those numbers wil be changes. le have set this reference for mic level fii tow It ‘you examine the sound power or sound prasure Tevet tel enarton page 2 you wil ee that most ‘musical intrumente are louder on the average than 4 de sp, and most commercial mice wil produce mre slectricty than the -60 dB for 8 Sound presure of 84 d8, so you should have no probleme geting up t9"0 VU" or your rrenrerWe should also. make a point of mentioning that ‘the maximum number on the chart.on page 21 re presants “peck power” and not average power. The reason? Contig i even some momentary port of your recording i distorted, twill force 3 Perecording and Iti wisest tobe prepared for the highest values and. pressure even if thay fnly happen “once in-a while". On this point, Statics ere not going to be useful, the averape Sound presure. fe not the whole story. The ‘words themeelyer can be used aan example Suy the word "statistics close to the mie while watching the mete's and the peak LED level Uetector, Then say the word “average”. What Sou re liksly zen are two good examples of {he problems encountered inthe "Tel world” ff eecorcing. The strong pasks in the “sen Sounds will probably cause the LED's to finsn tong before the VU meter reds anywhere heat “26/0 while the vowel sounds that make Up the word. “average” will cause no such To allow peaks to pass undistorted through 2 chain. of audio pers, the individual gain Stages must all havea large reserve capability TW the average is X. then X #20 dB is usualy safe for specch, but extremely percussive sounds tray raguire as mich 3s 40 dB of “restve” to Trace good results, Woodblocks,castanets, atin percussion (guido, afuehe) are good examples ot {us short term violence that wil show a large ference Detwaen "LED fash" and actal freter movement, When you are dealing with {his Kid of sound, Blive the LED, its telling You the truth It you are going to record very loud sounds you may produce more slecrical power from the ‘mie than the mixer ean handie es an input. How Can you esimate this in advance? Well, th sp {hart and te mie sensitivity are ted together on {one toore basis 1 94 dB spin gives ~00 8 {i'm} out 104 o8 spl wil give you “50 cB out, nd 20 forh. Ure the humber, on our chart for Sound poner together with your mic eowilty fatings to ind out how much lve, then check thot agnnat the maximum input level forthe arious Jocce'on your mixer” If your mie i In act producing 10.68 or line level, there is nothing wrang with plugging It nto the fine evel ‘connections on the mixer. You will need an ‘adaptor, but after that will work! Most mic manufectorers give the output oftheir Imes az 2 minor somany-dB umber, but they ont ge the loudnses ofthe tart soured ia dB, ft stated a8 @ pressure referones (usually 10 Toicobers of pressure. Tie referenea can be found on due sound chert. 15 94 g8 sp, 10, tmicrabara, 10 dynes ger em® or 1 Newtan per {auare. meter, For mics the ference "0" is Vole (d61, So, If the sound & 94 a8 spl the electrical eutput of the mic i given as 60 dB, ‘meaning 2 many o® less then the reeronce vot, In rotice you wil eo lve of 80 0B {or low tevel dynamics, up to about ~40 cB or slaty higher forthe better grade of endorser Imies avalble tody. TASCAM recorders and mixers work at 2 lve of 10 dB reeranced to {vote (318 wot) 2, fr 98 dB spl, a mic with reference output of -60 48 will rood 40.8 of fmplifieion from your mixer or recorder inorder te see “0 VU" (-10-48) on your meter. Now ifthe sound you want to record louder ‘than 94 dB sp, the output from the me wl be Imore powerful and you will ned less apie tion from your mixer to make the nesclles on Your corse reed "0 VU"CALIBRATION Nore: Peak meters may vary considerably inthe vals which are equivalent to OVU. If any of the fuivalant in" Your system uses peak meters, make sure you match your peak meter levels to ‘correspond, to OVU! do not automaticaly ‘Suume. 2 direct coration between the read ing on the two cifferont types of meters calioration” simply. moans matching all the reference levels in your recording system to tesure thet signals from one element. nthe Sytem ate equly interpreted by all the othar ‘Samet in te sytem. you're really serious about making true Drolesional quality exorcgs, then 9 reliable Tone generator it neceasty in order to 2 ‘corately ealibrate your syst We recommend the TEAC TO.122A tesvtone otiliator When Ung a tone gonertor, select a signal that wll be onuivalent to 0 VU when posed trough the ‘vice to which you ae calibrating the 32. For foxample, Hf you are using a mixer with 06 feforenced tO 1V (TASCAM mixers and re ‘orders al Ure this reference level! and the mic Input level is -80d8 and the line Tov! (both Input and. output) (8 “108, then, with the mine's odors set to the shaded area, 2.1 mV Spnal fed through the mic input or 2 316 mV ‘gna fed through the ine input ein be used to prevtely extablish the OVU lavel on the mixes Tn this esse (a5 with TASCAM tine, -10.d8 corresponds. to OVU. IF the equipment you fre uring references 0 dB t0 775 V rather than 4. than 9 correction factor of 22 dB wil have tobe used to compensate for the diference “The frequency of the tone sad a5 the calibre: ‘ton sgnal hay Ite effect on ealortion, 20 ny Feanonshle frequency may be used (400 He oF THe recommended. Ifyou wish to calorate ‘your system without 9 tone generator, any Source that produces a sstanod tone, such 363 Iusical instrument or even vacuum cleaner, can be used To generate oferance signa, Fomever since there is no way to measure the ‘eference level Of Such signal, experimentation {with mieophone placement and/or altferent Volumes will be required to establish a reason ‘ble recording rearence level “To calorat, use 9 sustained tone and sit the control on your mixer and/or multitrack ecorder so thet thar VU meters read O'VU, tnd, pasting the signal theough the multitrack recorder andlor mixer, set the contrls on the 52 so that its VU raters aso reed OVU. After Calirating your system, make al subsequent level aojuttmonts trom the mixer or the ist tnitrecving input inthe recorcng. chain, 44 not change the controls on the rst of your euipment When using an oscillator for system eaibratin, start with a foquency” setting somewhere ‘midpoint nthe audio range. This eneure tat frequency limitations of metering ereitry wil not affect accuracy. The audio range is Woe Secades wide so choose 2 frequency typically In the 200 10 2,00 Hz area ofthe audio Yarge [AI TASCAM mixers and recorders ute the 1EC fandard, " V "0.8 or OdBV, asthe reference fo which al meazuremonts are mace. The input level (and utpt lvl) that TASCA pea ses a its OVU reference, is “10 dBV, oF 0-318 If any of the gaars you use have a diferent reterence ag, 0-778 V/600 ohms} then 2 ‘the appropiate coveetion factor a flows i ‘dBm =0.775 Vi [ousvery | vonage | O85 277 | [wee ay 73208 t17as8 | izzy | Hast | oa vee ose | | 2208 | orev ode | | 605 osv | -aBu8 ‘aza | oxy | “eae | “40de | O316v | “7808 3346 “12248 | 0245 “i0d8 Lau [oiv" | “ace Sr"rascaw STANDARD LEVEL 0 vu. “Low ioudznen Syn Lav = WU. Pak mates end 36 or igh than RSF {etre en erg yur sae mateMORE INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ‘Weve tried to give you representative examples ‘of ome of the things you can do to ge started, Sha you'll discover mary mare — some by vay ‘OF happy coincidence, others tte long hours of ‘concentration. If you're just getting into record fing and want to expand your knowledge, more Informatie Is availabe BIBLIOGRAPHY TE cent esa wan aTHEORY OF OPERAION-MAINTENANCE 1 you are new to high qulity sound recording ‘equipment, you should Become aware of the fact that high. quality wound requires high ‘quality maintenance. Fecording studios that rent time by the hour are very fussy about maintaining ther equip ent. Tope recorders and other electron ‘erin the studio are checked out belore every feon, And, i necessary, adjusted to “spec” by an “ip hous” sevice tchniean. He is Usually prepared to corrct any problem from minor shift In ckeult performance to major breakdown ina motor. He hae a full stack ‘of spare parts ad all the test equioment he needs Row that you are running your own “studio” ‘you will have to make some decisions about Iraintaining it, ard you" 32. You wall have {o. become "your awn “in. house” service teenniian. Well, what about the. test gpar ‘nd the spare pars? A stock of spare parts nd 2 super deluxe electronic tex bench ean fusly com many times the price of the re order, Fortunatoly, the most trequenty feuded adjustments use the Teas expensie Cauipment, and. the very costly devise ‘only, nesded for major parts replocements Sich ar drive and rewind mtors or head sae bles,” Replacing parts cannot be considered “daily. maintenanee” by any. means, #0. we suggest that you leave the mejor mechanical fand. electrical ropair to the Dealer” Service Center, That's what's for. Adjustments t0 the motors — back. tension and brake torque are not requited often and an sfaly be Tet to desler service, The adjust ‘monts for wow and flutter requ, several Thousand! of dollar of tet gst to perform, Tes not. practical to. consider doing, these justmerteyourslt unless you have ‘fifty ‘machines to Sorvice. ‘Than it might pay t0 buy the tat gear In'oraer to help you make plans about the ‘more routine agjustments to your 32. we have mad this section of the manual as eaty £0 Lndertard 3s technology wil allow. ts 9 short ‘course in tape recorder theory as well a list of Sdjustrocts and will Belp you to understand wit ing on inside whe you record, Read the mana," decide what test equipment You ‘an afford (although it je not violently x pensive, iis not tree nd determine what Service os can do yoursCLEANING IMPORTANT: 1bo not overlook the importance of claaing. Inaufficant cleaning i the numbar one cause of the degradation of parformance levels. The fiest thing you will naed for service Alnitely the Teast expensive ~ Cleaning lids tnd snabs. The whole outfit, 2 fide and al the cotton swabr you'll need for months cost les then one. roll of high quality tape We ort stress the importance of leaning, too fruch, ‘Clean up before every sosion. Clin Up after every session. Clean up every time. you take’ a bres in the middle of 3 fesion (we're serious). How come? Well there are two good reasons we can think of Fah ff the top: 1LAny dirt or oxide buildup on the heads ‘il force the tape away Trom the gaps that Facord and playbeck. This will dastially ioct the respons. Even 80 small layer ff dirt ae one thousandth of an inch wil se big trouble All the money You Rave eid for high performance wil be wiped out by a bit of oxide. Wipe it off with head ‘leaner and gt back to norma 2.Tape and. tape oxide act very much the ame ss fine sandpaper. The combination tril'gind down the tape path in time. If You don't clean off this abrasive on a regular asi the wear willbe mach more rapid and, vahet’s worse, il become irequl. Even wear of heagr can be compensated for by “hectronie adjustments for time, but uneven rear ean produce notches on heady and (Guides that will cause the tape t0 “skew” Sind skip around from one path to another, making adjustment impossible. This roaged pathway ebews up the tape, hus dropping fore abrasive, thus eausing more uneven (wear and so. ~ ‘9 vielous spiral that cant be stopped. once it gets 2 good stor. “The nly solution wil then be to replace nat ‘nly the hesds, but ll the tape guides 3¢ ral" Being. conscientious. about clesring ‘he tape. path on the 32 will more than double the service lif ofthe head assembly [EXE Fig. 2.7 Cares honing alt of prea sana 92 i em rarie Na Fg. 28 Cares showing the af of core le {oures Masts Mig ond Manat)DEGAUSSING (DEMAGNETIZING) IMPORTANT: {Tidonot overlook the importance of degausing. Magnetiem in the tape ean sgaificanly (degrade performance. In extrem causes, the aad may not respond to signals at al 2. Turn off the deck before degousing. 3. bo not turn the degeusar (E-3) off or on ite in close proximity to the tape path. 4. Keep all recorded tape 8 sife distance fom ‘the degauser A ite stray magetiam ges long way. long thay towards making Tovble for your taper. Sri tokes a smal aioe (0:2 gus] Yo cause {tovble on the record heod and playing 10 rll [tape wil put about tat moch enorge on the frase and other ferrous parts ofthe tape path Alte more tan tot (07 pe} wl tart to ‘rose high trequencr gta on previously te ord lepes Demagretie the whale tape sth, Tung the ps ofthe tension ers every i fully played 10.112" oes The ta fal ale ff tumb even ough may bea bi hard to esp vack of” Fart motion te ay signeant {othe ends 20 don't give on houly refer ‘oe este rocordpley tne that counts. ‘Brgeesing is skrays Sone with the recorder ured off you try withthe electrons on, fhe 60 cycle Coven pues produced by he {Sause wil lok jt ike 60 He aio to the fren, ot sbout 10.000 VU) and wl sericusly ‘Gonoge the electronics andor the metre. Turn ST the machine, turn onthe desnuir st lost Shee away from the recorder. Move slowly In fe the ove atin Move the deyeusr slowly {Sd Gown inelose proximity fl ferrous pars nd, slowly move avy toe fuming oft Teor good ea to concentrate when you are eausing. Gon try to hold conersation oF ‘hak ot anything elo bu th ob you ar dng Tf ihe denon turned off or on by acidont Awl tis nen the ease, yow may pt a perma. Tent chore on thm tat no snout of careful ‘Seqehing wil fomove = head epacement sme Sun, wee sorry to my. Moe sure you ste ue ake fr ths procedure icon and propery demaprtzed toe +e Corser wil msintin Its performance without Shy ether axtonton for gute some time. Event os rit ae rcorer ie wort rn re Susiy recorded mater, and gating Tt back In Sood fase wl no be 90 shcut 2 TEST EQUPMENT/MATERIALS To make doctroi¢ adjustments, you need test gears let go over what's nacestry 4) Alignment Tapes You need one foreach speed thatthe recorder oparats at For the 32 the specs ar: Reference faxvity: 250 nitbvm Equalization standard: NAG. 15os 3180 us + 500 (3Ber/see) TA ips 3100 us + 506 (demise) Equalization standard: 1EC—1 15 bs = #35 use (SBese) 7-42 ips = #70 usec (1d emvsee) ‘These test tpes are made by sveral compani, but there ae many diferent tape specs Be sure you have te right one, Seepage 38. Reference Fuxivity ~ How much magnetic energy Is sacessry on the tape to make the ‘moter reac "0.VU" in playback? The Is the “benenmare or standard you tune yar" ay tek eactanie to. 250 nano Msbers poe meter |S the comet value for the 32, I! ¢ bwer or higher "Reference Fluxiity" Is used 10 setup the playback, all your other measurements wil beoft NAB Equalzation — Here we have alo to tak shout. The proces of magnede recordag is far from "lau" Every cieut In a tape recorder wil ater the level of signal with respect tts {requaney ~ some delibertaly, some unavoid sy. The deliberate error are vod to overcome the unavoidable problems, Here ta selection of frequency response graphs at various coins in thorecoraing proces1. The input signal starts this way in the bee ginning (FLAT) am aoe LL 2.0 to overcome head los 2t high frequency tnd bess anomalies (NAB) Dolberate err 13, Record Head Response {a8 per octave ise until gop in head ap- proaches wavelength Gnavoidsbte error Small wavelengths (high frequencies) are parily erased 9s fst they are recorded isis ‘We wl assume something srecordad, but ’snot {lot onthe tape ether. Now wel play it beck, 4. Reproduce Head Response {698 per octave ree again, same as record haa Unavoidebe error, ‘Small wevelength are not picked up by 9a. 5. Reproduce EO "Now we must overcome the characteristic response of heads. Big deliberate error ss lower tape hie as well as restoring proper vee to high frequencies. 6. The reult of all this equalizatien is this (opty) Fa ‘The idea isto use the electronics tht re a: justable vo. cope, with the problem that are auted by the nature of the magnetierecarding process We can't ehange te base Las. of rag fete phys so we change the recor urirepro- ‘duce equlzeton. Now comes the sicky part. How much EO do we usin eac stag? lt overy ‘manufacturer of tape recorders used tht own ‘Mandar, their ideo of what was ost there would be. no. compatibility. Tapes rade on ‘one recorder would not reproduce —roperly ‘on anather of diferent make, The stacads forrecord and reproduce equalization are established by societies Of scientists, engineers and users in the profesion. They are NAB Notional Asocation of Broadcasters TEC. Internationa! Eleetrotechical” Com mmission CCIR International Radio Consultive Com DIN Deutsche Industrie Noxmen Unfortunately, they don’ all gre. Each organi zation hat slightly diferent approach to solv ing the problems of topa recording, Selenists land engineers ore human, 2 well, and have been Kenown to disogree, sometimes violently about tahoe ways are best. Advances in the manufac te of tape, Improvements in head design, and the lowering of electrons ireut costs have ‘made: Bizarre solutions quickly change Into Practical realities. The optimums have shifted Sind will probably continue to-do so. Standards freset by man, not cast in stone {But while the scientists are boxing inthe conte. fence room, we wou lke to Be recording, #0 ‘depending on the equalzetion requirements of {te final destination, TASCAM hos alerted the NAB end IEC standarés for recordireproduce {equalization 2s the recommendation for the 32, See page 39 for detail Fi 215 Type cig san fr inh Fis.218 Typist for Aine ae ee {iprusig be CN OWN andr a. 218 Tye pot culation cur for inch ‘sersegCH chcer ee You will nted a separate reeranc tape fr ech speed. Thecurves are not the sae, Since these Reference Standard tapes cost about 3 times the price ofa big roll ofthe best blank tape plan on storing them carefully in a place that wil not encounter any magnese fede that Imight damoge them ~ away from loudspeakers ‘ult pickup, tape recorder and record payer Motors, pewer amplifiers [magnet Held surges Im big ensformers hen amps are turned on land off canbe very powerul) or anything man rete that might ake the quality of the refer {ea standard IT you don't damage thary phy tally oF mgnaticaly (dont play them on dirty ‘or magneted recorders or loan ther oUt t2 ‘the cartes) they wl as for sveral yes If itis not posible 10 obtain a tape tat har both the NAB EO and a fuxivity of 26080, Select the NAB EQ as the prefered singe Sandra. diferent eetorene uxiity requires only that you make level correction onze Just ‘aa giffeent mark on the meter innead of "ero." A citfrent €Q cure requires bd Ferant lameunt of corection foreach frequency. and Is Iruch ara to use ~ especialy fora begeine vel cotrctione for dierent rferena flix ay se the ingead of “o" WU 18ips 185 nltb/m — Ampex operating, level) Ss vu 20 nWo/m—(STL,MAL) —2VU TA/2ips TB AWbim operating —3.VU sep tre quences = 43. 200 nWoim “operating 2 VU sveeo re quences = 42.0Below are tabulated some commonly encoutered floy level along with thei dB differences, and {hair differences in from 185 abi. Note: [ha 0.7 dB for European Measurement Method tng Magnetometer. EC Correction Cher (ills) IF you must use IEC EQ tape, those readings tra correc: TEC has lest Boost in playa, the tape will read progressively higher as fre- quencies rse when played on a NAB adjusted Fecorder, At 250" aWbiim reference Fea thee numbers tesat IEC'1 EQ. 215 90 a5 4001 aK 62K AK TOK 16 TK 20K SA Q0-08 0002 1202925 27 29 20 a0 ‘See "Test Tapesfor the $2” on page 38, ‘Since the ow frequency EC on the 32 i fed, the diferinces are academic. On to the next pioo of tet equipment. 2IVTVM oF FET Multimeter 9, 220 Ha Aline Fina Aden So nd ‘Tat Coonan (REPRODUCE). Use 2 VTYM or FET multimeter with an input impedance of at last T mogotm that an read tevets down to.-70 ful scale) you can think of this ans ery acourate VU meter of sory wide ‘ange. Mors with lower input impedes will ‘raw power from the circuits to be measured and vill fect the readings, Meters that have Sdoquate input impedance but do not read below 40 [0.01 V) ean be used Yor roteence Tovels and frequency response masz events, ‘but will net be eapate of making sgnal tena roe efficiency. oF bias crcl measirements ‘ere the output of the cult beingadisted is expect to bo wey low Mazer MUST have wis, fat froquency response minimurs = 10 Hen t wie). This too! snot cheap andisjust asimeorant as the test apes. Without a good reference mete, you can eo very ite inthe way of acourate Ijestment, Spend as much at you an here Is worth. Next. 3) Signal Generator or Ocilotor Horeyou gota break A simple osilate will do ail-the work and won't send you t0 148 poor Fouts, Trere ae ‘several on the meet foraround $100. The focal electronic surplus store {an be good souree for test equipment that ean be vecalbrated by the manufacture for ares: fable com If you get one witha meter ont, You won't have to ealibrate hs output with de big meter af often. This device is very usful in. & ‘ula for troubleshooting ~ a good investment. It thould have at leat th follwing even, 40 Hz — 10042 — 400 Hz — 1 ke — 4 ke Noite — 15 ee — 18 kre Sine wave is al that is required, a 8 distortion fof no more than 5%. Most medorn units do Better thon this easily. This unit the work thaw on the equipment Ist. Whether you are Teasing the big meter [FET) of the meters 05 the recorder, you will age signal to read, this Inswumont oF the test tapes ll provide’ you with gna ‘Fest tapes, tone generator, VTVM or FET Ineter This isthe baie package and wil do Elmost every adjustment in the sequence ~ ex ape tha Fist one 4) The Oscilloscope Evan a simple one isnot cheap. Fortunately, 3 simple one i all you need. You ean. spend ‘$6,000 snc more forthe big ones, but for this purpose $100 ~ $200 will be mare then enough Te'tmutt have @ “vertial” and “horizontal” ‘ivolifer ond an X-¥ mode. Tha’ all you use fo do. the one adjustinent you need it for ‘Asuming that the Motos are notin need of Gttention (that’s for Desler Serves), Azimuth, ‘r heod alignment is the number one step in ‘maintenance set's bain, | ect Fig 221 Wand Mis Apament Exovae “The gaps in the heads that do the erasing, re orang, and reproducing must be preclsly perpendicular to the tape. PRECISELY. Even 2 tiny error in alignment will make problems for the recorder. I the hens are not in align ment, both ith the tape, and. with respect foreach etter, tones recorded on one head wil not pay properly on the other. In the {ADE below, the error fe shown with the lou in ‘The amourt of titi given inthe fractions of 3 fingledegis called minutes, 60 minutes 0 4 ‘degree. AS you can see, it only takes 1/4 degree mocieai | seats | Fa. 222 Les dt atinuth mistignment fr ma SESE ee ames oe. Since the 32 can use a single head head #2 in the sack) to perform al functions (recording syne reprotuee and reproduce) it won't hurt the ‘order tou the "whiabond studio alignment” Brocadure, which isto do nothing bout al fment at sil You wort note anything wrong ‘with the Sound you make, but Were aro sraw backs 1. Your tapes won't play property on any other feeorderfwhizoang standaros are vniave). 2.No acurate tuneup of the recor will be Posse, as most test procedures use ove head {38 reference forthe other. To do ths, thy ‘ust bealigned perfec ‘Thread the 7-12 Ios tet ape on the racorder Sid find te operating level sation of the tape Connect the outouts for acks and 2 of the recorder 1 the 2 inpurs of an osiloscope, wack 1 to the vera! input that make the ‘beam dram lines up and down are 2 40 the horiontal input (araws ines Tet to right). Set the scope fo the “Vector” or XY mode. You tril ‘have fo. consult the ineruction bookforthe scope to determine how to do this. We ont Know what brand of test gear you have ypd this is what you should see toch track alone, it Inceates that the 2 frocks are not putting out the same level ‘Aajust with the scope contr Fhe playback head isnot straight up and denn aul a kind fire | 1 he foes ar not the se lng or | | a2 races How much distanes ero sivolved dopends on {he frequency or pitch of the tone and the sped Of the tape. One "eyeo” per second at 16 ps would be hard t0 misalipn. To get spe piture No.6, you would have to separate the gaps in the playbeck head by 7-1/2 Inches, but one {yee pat second s not auc. Mow about 1,000, fetes per second of tape travel? At 15 ps, the ‘toeration or tit in the head for scape picture Tio. becomes 0.9076 Inch. And at 15,000 He 11 ipe ies 0.0005 neh. Not much it will ro: Ace 4 big eror. Slower tape speeds mean evan aller specings and. good azimuth become: Non. more, important. The proper method of Sdjosement isto look fist at Tong wave, $3) O00 cytes, end make 3 cose. adustment Then work up in Wequency, adjusting shorter ind shorter wavelengths smalier and. smaler mounts If you start adjusting with 10 kHz or TBkHe, you can make a big mistake. Here's why. "Sings the very short wavelengths are Very clos together on the tape, itis possible to eta good “picture” on the scope by austin he all eyele off. 1 you work up to 15K checking end adjusting 3s you go, you will avoid ‘his mistake ‘teeing in inches for avn roses (Once you have evrything setup ~ thereference tape i plying, the Scope running ard showing the xy daplay, you need» srewdever and is Giagram to find the right adjustment point. ‘Adjurting the serew will rotate the sead very slignty @©Oee ‘OKs hegre OR SAtlonT aN TicT Abs. scReW: SFanceney aos nur i. 225 Mend Adan Sees nd Aliant'5) Tet Tapas for 32 (reproduce alignment) NAB Equalization: 'STL Sor MRL. 214205 = Tape speed 15 int STL 22 or MAL 217204 = Tape spued 7.5 int Reference fluxivty; 250 n/m ‘Time constant: 3,180 +50 usec leCeT Equalization: [STL SIEC or MRL 21J103=Tepe speed 15 ips Reference fluxivty: 200 ma/m Time constant; = 1 38 use [STL221EC or MRL21T102=Tape speea7 Sipe Reference fluxiity: 200 n/m Time constant; +70 nse. NAB Equalization: TEAC YTT 1044 = Tape speed 18 ips Reterenoeflaxivty: 185 aWb/m “Time constant; +35 usee 1EC-T Equalization "TEAG YIT-10432 = Tape spond 75 ips Reference flxivity; 188 n/m Time constant; #70 use, ‘All specs are iontcal with STL or MRL tapes except for the. relerencelluxity which it 185 ‘nWofm, and thus, Is reproduce output lve wl bbe 3d lower ‘compared with 250. no/m fluxivity. Calibration level under "Reproduce Calibration” refers O VU as 250 atm CAUTION: As mentioned before TASCAM has elected the NAB and IEC standards for record ‘eproduce EC asthe recommendation forthe 32. ‘The NAB standerd is chosen for the models Which are to be sold in the US.A. and Canad, ‘or for General Export models, wile the 1EC ‘tanard chosen for the modes designted Tor Europe, UK. ond Austra Note: I necessary, intr-suitching benween the NAB and IEC standards can be eccom>- Tahed by simply removing and repatchieg the Jumper wites on five points of the fmplitir. The deals are explained os ote in the inserted Schematic of the ‘amplifier soction, ‘The next sep Isto play all the signals from the lowest foqueney to the highest onthe 7-172 ioe alignment ‘ape ~ one play for each head pos {ion [2-3), and DO NOTHING, Jur have lao Fee not a good idea to tur knobs just t0 308 winat happans Just because an adjustment ean bevmase deen’ mean its necesary. The order Is very sold and is well adpnted ot the factory, 0 in all text and maintonanes proce res, check Fst, ten something i not rahe, adjust. Taking your time will save endless get ‘Avnew machine is very Tkaly to be “on ¥ ‘money when you gett andi you keep itcean Sand degaused wll" deft aay from top eape very slonle. Is not necesary’ to plon on 3 Imsior overhaul when ft comes out of the boxELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE 1) Location of Eleticl Adjustmonts 08 akon nePRo £0 ie Tnrur vend 2am ec €0 ‘CAUTION Daa ao ny a {8148 TUNING) 8a eto or aupeer abd2) Reproduce Calibration: (00 NOT ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE WITH Dex ENGAGED!) When we're sure the reproduce and record hed tre properly aligned, we ean move on to the tlectronie adjustment. ‘The fist step here & to actually chock your Ineter calibration. To. open the bottom panel Femove the 8 binding sera, Rotate OUTPUT Knob on the front panel tothe postion "7" Gonnact the VTVM to the output terminal of Teft channel. Turn the machine ON, ard thread the 15 ip alignment tape. Play Uh “opereting tere portion (a volee on the tape identifies tach action atthe Beginning). Switch the OUTPUT SELECT on the 32 0 REPRO, Adjust the playback or “reproduce” Tevet with tim pot 21 R120, 2« ohme (REPRO (CAL), until the VTVM reads “10 dB (0.3 Vi Switch the OUTPUT SELECT to SYNC. Adjust the reproduea Tevel with trim pot 82 122, Beohms (SYNC CALI, until tho meter reads 7odB (0.3). Now read the meter on the fron panel ofthe 32. t shoul ead "0 VU' Iie does not, sdusting trim pot #3 R141 ok ohms (METER CAL) wil allow you to set the mater on the 32. You adjust the 32 meter to fesd"6 VU" not “10, tha reading onthe VIVA ‘The meter ill read O at any voltage you set ‘ov, the correct one ¢ 0.316 Volt. This the right fecting for the 32. Yau rexd 10 dB (0.3 V) on the VFVM and adjust the SZ meters to read VU ae this evel Channel sill remains to be checked and ‘djusted, But as you can mo, the adjustments are {he same gs for channel In beg 1. Play thetane “operating level” 2. Read te VTVM for head 3, REPRO. 4 Aajust for -10 68 (0:3 V) resding with ten pore 4. Saith to SYNC on OUTPUT SELECT. 5: Read the VTVM. Adjust trim pot #2. 68, Reod thy meter onthe 32 ~ it must read VU. 7: just the meter ele pot #3 R141, 50k ohms METER CAL. One more word of encouragoment. The circuits Inthe 92 are very stable. Most of the time you will make 2 reading and not have to adjust, Snything. When something dose 9 wrong, You willbe able to fx very quickly, and get back Tn surmmary, withthe VTVM and test ape, you have adjusted the reproduce level on the 32 0 the tem ‘ape, But your reproduce relerence is rot yet complete, You have only "2erced” one point ona ineof frequency response. To sstablish therest ofthe ine, you must measure and aust fone more frequency. ‘Advance the alignment tape for 18s to the section that recorded at 16 kHE and just the trim pot marked, REPRO. EO #4, R108, 10 ‘ohms, teh to. SYNC onthe OUTPUT SELECT, and adjust tim pot #5, R190, 20k ‘ohms SYNC EQ. ‘Tho reasirg for both postions should be 0 VU an the 32 meters, Since you have ehedeed and Sdjsted te reproduce meter creut, You now fan use themetarson the 32 forthe tos readingsfy adjusting all of the precading immer, you Five extablihed two things. an operating play Dock level or zero", anda playback frequency Phones reference, You know that both heeds Gavtne. 32 ere reproducing the test tape in-an fdontiesl manner, at 15 is. ‘You now repeat the Frequency adjustments for Dothheadsot 7-1/2, Change test tapes and use frm pot #4. R109, 10k ohms and adjust the high feauency playback response for "REPRO" “The reating on the meter should be "0 VU" TT you oe ail using tho VIVE, the reading wil, be10 dB. The test frequency i 18 KH opast the. edjstment for “SYNC™ ‘wim pot Beatty 2oK ohme a 1B kHz. Too reproduce Feponse ‘section now complete for both seeds. 2 put Calibration: Ie stands to reason that you should monitor the Inet of te signal which are going to be record: (er before actually making the fecoring set his monitoring signal can be fed to the VU Tretes and, at the aime time to the output {Comins The roqutedprocodures are Connect the reference love, or sgnal generator 2 channel Linputon the 32. “Te correct vel 1008 0:3 V1 Te frequency to use is 400 Hz. Rotate INPUT nob and OUTPUT kod on the front panel to e-7"posttion I's 2 goodies tomar Check the OUTPUT SELECT. Make sure you have the fwtton merked INPLT depresied. If you get 8 Roding, use vim pot #6, R185, 2k ohms, INPUT LEVEL, and adjust the meter to read OVU. 1 you hive 8 VIVM, connect it to the Soxput terminals, and adjust tho Input level by th trim pot #6, B1S6, 2k ohms to obtain the (bret "16d (6. V) love. Plugging and un. flogging tex equipment canbe tedious. You can {ove some time by doing a reference cheek on four'mieer If you know that your console IReter reads O VU accuratay (check it withthe {PTUM), you can asign the reference orcilator “only fo'the 22 hrough the moxar connections tothe inputs, Asin, rand, acjust next track, (eign rend, acs rood to pull lugs. “Ton Connection or Rsaing Chae Now you can use the REPRO head ao test Irstrumens to eheck and. adjustthe ecord {Steute Almost ll of th following steps involve recording 2 tone on a tape and reading the epro- ‘duce. output of the recorder. YOU WON'T ALTER THE REPRODUCE CONTROLS. They fre all at, You wil make all nacessay adjust ‘ments by trimming the record eeetones. ‘This way, you can be sire hat the weorings ‘You make, no matter what brand of tape you tse (the brand of tape becomes part of the test, tones on i), wl reproduce properly or any 32 {The allrmant tape ean be put ower. Before storing, the tape sould be played all the vay from frort to back (net fast wound), 26 stored {oir out, til lat longer. Even you desde hot to stempt any major malntaranct yours ‘ve strony auogor that you purchase &n align ment tape An occasional plying wil tal you hon you esd to cal the “doctor” I's gdod Insurance know the truth, ‘The recor’ adjustments agin with the INPUT LEVEL wim of the 32. The INPUY LEVEL, Controls the meter reading of the stra 35 i ewes atthe electronics foetore i is rcorded) You mus be sure you are sending the right mount of signal in before you can adist record Tovels and equalization contol4) About the Bias [At this point in the adjustment procadure we'll Stop fora time and talk about a major ction of the recorder electronics the osllator and ts ‘lat circuitry. The oscllater produces 2 very high frequency signal that does two big jobs a the 22. It supplies the 150 kHz (one hundred Titty thousand eveles per second) frequency £0 the biae. amplifies nthe 32. There is 4 biae "mplifir an every card, ane for both tacks. The bias amplifier provides power forthe erase heed fand bise signal for the record head. Erasure is ‘ary to explain, 50 wol tackle that subject frst ‘Alot of power it used to remove al signal from the tpe jum prior to its boing recorded. The ‘rasa head ha a rather largo gap and completly Cleans off any magnetic field on the tape by ‘brute foree, No ew signal is recorded by this head. The gape much too large to be effective tse recording device, From the she amplifier, curent ie added to the Fecord head circu lead. This high frequency Sonal overeomes magnetic Inertia In tape, and dete everything moving. If ther were no "starter Current" to help the record signal, we woud bo ‘this kind of trouble on eseope “The beginning and ending points of the wave would be uistorted by tha eluctance of theron Bits to change theie magnetic sate from one olarty to the other Crossing that ze line ‘takes extra energy. The bias signal provides it We put ia tis: AHS inere did the 150 kiHe go? It disappers from the output Because the head gap too large fo play it back, The individual changes of magnetic Energy onthe tape are smaller than thee se So. plus ard minus wavearebath within the gee atthe sams time, They canes! out. Marvelous! ‘On withthe problem of alanment Will, mayte not so marvelous. Secause of the ‘ac that there is one amplitior doing 2 separete jobs. The djustments we make an one circuit Will afect the athe. In fot, the eras current ‘xed, but tare ae 2 interfacing creat ie can gt prey tricky right here, Tha 2aojasables are (in sequence) the bist corrent (forthe record hese tei capacitor C138 100P max, BIAS LEVEL. 2. The bias taps. Since thee ea lot of power involved hee, you have? problems‘we've give you the bad news (they interact) Now we'll give. you the good news. Uness you Sejus the erase Curent or the bias cutent by 8 ‘ery large amount, you won't need to. check {hase ereuits'mare than onee every sie months ‘nse The traps eedom need adjustment unless Something is wirong with the master oxilatr. The raps" are expected 10 tune out the TBOKHE frequency that the bar oxllator Is producing, andthe range of adjustment that Frey have is not very good at fering a much ferent frequency, I the master bias oxilator nits t must bere adjusted to produce 10 kHz Since this bias osllator master circuit adjust. rent raguires something expensive (ory) calod eirequeney counter, I's wise to asame its 8 dealer problem. Cart it in for this kind of ‘Sevie, Thee ae ls bas traps in the reproduce Eicut to keep any stay leaks out of ther as ‘pel but they are not 36 touchy as the recor Yoated circuit tape, and wort effect the load (nthe Bae amplifier. Thoy are wiky toads, Bc wery stable, In sequence, you aust thom tf pecesury a the very end of the enti algnment procedure so well mention them a 5) Bins Lovel Adjust: “This adjustment ie made while you are recording {one on the type of tape youl be using for ‘he esi. It wil be diffrent foreach brand of tuoe. Setup the signal generator (oseilaton. The iWequency. is 7kHe, “10d (03 VI. Depress INPUT SELECT t0 LINE, and set both FUNG. TON buttons to ON, then set INPUT and GUTPUT knobs to the “7” postion. The [oval ‘ould be DVU on the mators of the 32-07 INPUT. Stort the machine at the tape speed TMizigs, record the sgnal, and switch to REPRO on the OUTPUT SELECT. Begin the adjustment by making sure trim ‘Cavtor #8 6138 100P max. BIAS LEVEL isin ‘he fully COW position (of, no Biss a al). Now, [you rotate the vim pot 4 CW, the VU meter ‘lis to some peak reading. CONTINUE THE Clockwise ROTATION SLOWLY until the feoding on the meter drops back 4 6B from the peak That peak the meter goes off sale, adjust the IPUT level controls to keep theraading onsale Mina i important here isnot the 260. 1 is the reduction ofthe peak by 4 ~ 8B. If you nave Inoved the input level pot on the Front panel of ‘Be 32 wo keep your reading on seal, the next SGiustment wil coract your Input reference Lie Ghat If there fe insufficient CW rotation of #8 0 achieve 9 pook, desler service of the bits am Piifierfsellato systom will be requind « Many oltape inthe cireutmus be adjusted mcurtely tnd ths typeof problem isnot considered 0 be "Daly Mamtenance”- Bring in When’ doing bias adjustment, both channels should be recording t once, even they you be adjusting only one at atime. With the ecilator running at 400 Hi,_switch bbock to INPUT. Set INPUT and OUTPUT knobs fon the front panel to the" postion and ‘adjust trim pot #6, RISG INPUT LEV EL for (OVW indication on meters6) Bias Trap Adjust: "Now isthe time todo the bas tap in the racord Sreuit: with no input signal, adjust test point ‘TPH located on the PC Board. Positive sie of the VIVM Is connected 19 the test point, ‘egatve side to ground. Tune inductor L108 for 7) Record Level Agjust Wie give these acfustments just to be accurate {and thorough, and remind you again that they fr eeldom needed. Unies you have mage some feally rete change in your tecorder, you Should not worry about this agjustment for st Tenet 6 month, ‘Again, f0 be thorough, at this point it would be Ase to check erat and biss again before pro- “heding. Ones you stata moe overhaul Temight ‘be necessary to go tough these 3 stops ~ era, bias and record lve! ajustments — 3or 4 timer brfore finally moving onto te "ecordequalza ‘on and than, onen more from ease through to the end, Desribing the way Is Probably giving the manufacturing setup, or Pend repicement Sequence wher ail vlues of the record iret trust be requalifed. If non is heord, signals n't erase completely even after adjustment, or there ft enough rotation of the bss tm pot left to gcta “drop” inbis, the whole agjustment Should ‘be considered, but only under these nea cirametanees. However, we 60 recommend that you sslect a brand of igh quality tape and stick to. Chang ing bias evry day for aifferant tapes wil make the recorew wonky and a litle harsr to cus. Constant messing with the controls is unwise Iisa mush better idea todo as litle posible and let thorecorder “settle in" toone kind ol te We are now ready to adjust he record circuitry We frst check the low frequency Input lave! at 400 He get a relerence. The stipe are as follows: 1 Adjust oclator to 400 He 2. Solect “LINE” on INPUT SELECT buttons. 43, Set INFUT and OUTPUT knobs onthe front Banel tthe "7" postion 4.Select "INPUT" on OUTPUT. SELECT buttons ‘Set bot) FUNCTION buttons to ON. Send in0.316 V, set “0 VU" on the 32 mete Record the tone at 15 is ‘Suite "REPRO", ead the 32 meter. ‘ith vim pot #9'R176, 20k ohms (REC LEVEL! aust 0 "0 VU" With oniy'a few adjustments cemsinng in the complote procedure, e's review all You have dione up t this point. Step by sep, you have: 1 Cleanee and degaussed the tape path2. Adjusted the head azimuth of both heads to G0" by checking and adusting progressively ger and higher frequencies 3. Checked the 32 meters against & precision freter and amt O.ST6V output as “0 VU" reproduce, «4, Rujusted reproduce from oth playhead potions to be "0 VU" at 400 H2 Using the {Gat tapes a an absolute eforance of magnetic level 5. Applied a reference level to the input of the SPP and adjuned the “OVU" point to be {316 V, both inthe circuit and on the mete. Set bias level forthe tape of choice Ifyou have the equipment, make sure no bias is going tothe vcard amplifiers 8.11 youhave the equlpment, at after bis) the record "0 VU" and read off reproduce. You fro knove that the tape you ae makina has the same level of magnetic flux recoded on it bs the reference elgnment tape, but only at {00 Hz, the basic adjustment Frequency. 8) The Peak Adjust Circuit “The choke coil in this circuit only has a very roll range. 8 Bt tape spt TS ips Ie for irl high end. acjustment. The troquency 0 Send in. 20 kHE, record tho tone at "O.VU" Snitch to REPRO and reid the rll. Adjust Choke coll #10 L103 to read “0 VU" in repro: Both of the record equalization crcults have ates small range of adjustment. The high ‘foguency adjust 38, the peak adjust 1 6B. ITyou ean seem togeta “good” reading becsuse {you run out of adjustment rang, check these Spoints The "record adjust” (point #8 in this review) Redo, send in "0 VU" at 400 Hz. Record the fone and read reproduco. IF fo, willbe imposible to get 1BKHE or 20Kt2 up to IQLWU", Reset and Uy ain. Still ro good? Recheck the bias If the bas eurent Is too Fgh the high frequen serait fs reduced intlation to the 400 Hz point, Check it out 7-1/2 ips tape speed acjustments sll emai to be checked and adjusted. The procecures for fdjurement are the some as the 15 is adust ‘mente, but the test tape Rast be changed. Send inva 16xH2 frequency and record the tone at "VU." Ht you gta low reading, aust cba #10 choke oll, L108 to read"-3 VU," Or higher a ecesery AE ae ay If all this fails to produc 2 reading that lives within the tolerances for fraqueney resense on this graph, itis te to replace the heads, I more squlization "were gdded 10 te record ‘Greuit to overcome wear, the Boos nexded {Would be ge enough to make the signs-tonoie ‘ati speciation impossible to achieve Lrt's asuine everything fb OK so far. You have sent in and read Bock good numbers fr 15 ips, ‘rerythingin spec at both requencis. ow, 383 ‘hack, record everything you have on Your tone (eneritor If it varble be ressonDle, say 8 trequencies) 40 He, T00He, 400 Ht, THe, 44 kHo, 1OkHz, 18 kez, 20 kHz — conor with {the gah above Fine tunirg the bias against the frequinoy trim pots wil low you to get ete sor 10 perfectly Het. It's time consuming bie Werth ‘ale: Sut youre, Wien tne bottom panel closed, youcan myc the signal to noise of the whole system You use the big txt mater anda nie filter, Reore with no input sgn an read the rut. The eeding ‘houle be-80 Bor batter (ur-woighte!)“That's it, The whole procedure for an electronic wrhoul ofthe 22. Mechaniea adjustments such Srbrake ond holdéack torque, rel height adjust, nd wow and. flatter measurements must be ‘done fst, But they are major service end should ‘net be necessary “out of tebox”. The transport Topic contol aid soitehing sytem are described in the maintenance sction. But digital LC theory is very complex and the neceary tot equipment for repale costs more. than the Feearder, The maintenance scion Is not written fara ude to the beginner, 80 e advise, tay fot help your understanding of te 32. 1 Usifal only to. the experienced maintenance techni, DAILY SETUP |Wsobviou that this entire procedures not some ‘thing that can be completed quickly. You don't bogi a"najoc"ton minutos bfore the musicians are. It foot likly tobe necessary evry doy, bho wha i reasonable? Most good engineers make several quick tests. If nothing is amiss, they start setting up the rest ofthe session with ceonfigenee. If thare Is a. problem, they” oo further Hero is what thoy do, 1. lean and depaus. Obvious frst stop 2 After te recorder hasbeen on for 10 minutes ‘and is nicely warmed up, they check the Feprodure response with "the test tape. A litte rin? OK, no problem, 3, They tian setup the sgral generator an record saverl frequencies, say" 10D H2, #k, 10k. Laks good? ‘Then we can begin. 4. very fussy engineer will ake foie a the bie aduet to make sure everything i OK there st wel, betore he looks atthe record £0 “Those savral quick checks wil sully uncover ny seriows trouble, and the idea i €0 work batkwares up the chain of adustments if any thing shows en error. "Reproduce" ts the fist Step in a mejor overhaul, and Record €Q is the [ssf exerting storks OR, you can assume a |S wall you get somthing Renny 8 real, your will have to. trace it down, tut these {ests wll sully give you some idea of where the problem lie. Work backwards through the Fecotder a's forward through thy aahst ‘ments, bythe way, they run from back to font inthe prosodue, dont get confused) util you Uncover th problem. You aways cean hd egaus, tnd" you should. always check the reproduce response with the test taps. Again, reproduce, bis, record check, ro proberns, OK, 49, ae good luck with your pes. Speaking ot tape, the 82 has been deed to (we 1.5 mil tape, the use of nl tape # Note Commended, we strongly suggest tat you Buy 00d quality tape ard stick to one Kind. White Bax tape & cheep fora raion, It dost et form a5 vall 35 the "ood stuil™, are wil be hard to tune up t0, and may even ‘demage your Fecorder. Excessive shedding of oxide “unaven sitting ane other defects too numerous £0 man ‘on wil rake ll your efforts ge for very itl “Tope is important use the best,GENERAL ADVICE ON MAINTENANCE Don't attemat to ssjust a stone cold machine ‘Tom it on and let it warm up for 30 inate. Don't adjust the “aps” with a metal serew ‘ver of tool. The metal tip wil atfect the vloe ff the part and will ge flue readings Use & lowe FV. adjustment tool, or cuts strip of Fig plastic to sige. (Credit cards will work, if (You hove on old on you don't nese) Sow yin cans in ain a ha Stop and think, if you turn a pot and get no ‘change In ead, have You adjust the wrong Siivays turn the machine “off” when istaling tha extender card, Remove. the alignment tape from the heads (thon switehing power “on” or "ott." Aswitch ing transient on 9 body adusted recorder can rink” on the 998 “Tope and electronic “hse” should be smooth funding. If, when recording, you detect pop. ping, oF sputtering nose, cogauss the heads. Ht {hs Soesmt change the sound, plan on 3 record bse trap adjustment If the ossiloscope picture i not stable when Using’ the alignment tape (the Wace opens and Sut ike & mouth suspect the holdback torave SGuustmont. When recording end playing test ones suspect the tape siting aswell et the Imotor acjosts, Ifthe reference tape doesn't do Bas ut the reconding tape does, fs definitely tot the recorder. Ie the tape tat iat fault [Rt the end of & sion, take the time t slow ‘ind tpl! the ral off the machine and store it ais out” This isthe Best way. ‘Don’t plan on recording over alice. Any steady {oe such ab singing, orion hat you atempt {Sprint over a eut the tape may show a drop ‘ut or momentary interruption. Even the best Silee in the world if thieker than normal The ‘Bling tape ade qulte a Tot, ard makes the see thump when it goee by the head. This is pecially important if you or using DBX. The ‘Fepourt willbe made much more noticesbe by the ation of the DBX. Tei good idea to pad your master tapes by ‘fineing some Blank tape an both ends, and ad ing leader tape, Put ster tong (1 KH2} on each tape for reference Tove checks ‘Than its easier tose up machines thd mixes when recorcing sessions oscar on di ferent date or citferent machines. Koop a TRACK SHEET. Write down what hap pened during the session and what went on tO {he tape, Vou mht list such thing 5 mic pace ‘ants comlateincomplate takes, brand of tape {sed specs noise recuction, comments (ore moles producer might have tikad a parteular bbe par more than others, so you can save land vee ft daring verdubbing ard mixcdown Have the tos of tha trade handy — leader pe, favor bled, splicing tape, mesklog tape, esse peel, ee “There's another old ening sround studio circles: Tits not abled, ure tS 1's 3 wery good tes to label al tape boxer and rel, And pack track sheet in evry box, When youre nat working ona tape, it's safest to but itn fs box: don't leave tn the machine ‘Where an scien could wipe Out weoksot work,SERVICE CHART | * Vgemar = Resaraage | cemeea |p acin | Beenaee amen, | ee | See [ae | 7 [igen armas [soem ekg | Reg [ome 3 irae nearest | Sanece coast | Hatta (vee = ENS is ta |Peae aee| eure" | Menten ara Fer aoi ere | oureurinae | a ieiten GUTRUT inate lees ieee |= Teer ee Eee |B Be hee | Eo © get [oem [Boos nee =TE [mmacrig [Sayan sounce [waar esr, [wwe Tee ne [rowtro [guareeagna ro te cic) OSUNTOT oe arm | enetene free p=MAINTENANCE Not Parts reference numbers used in the circuit ‘escrintion may not slays corespond to those Of the. Model’ 32, excopt for the following factions: 15, Reel Motor Deve Cet, 9 FF and REW Operation, 1-10. Electric Brake Symem, 113 Edit Control Cireut ard 1-16 ‘Amplifier ies Description Notes All resistors are 1/4 wats, 5%, uness marked ‘otherwise, Resistor values ae in ahs (K=1 000: ‘hm, 1,000,000 ohms. + All cipactor values are in mlcoforads (p=pleo forads). ++ "Pars marked with this sign are safety erties components. They must always. be replaced ‘with indential components rafer tothe TEAC. ste Lista ensure exact replacement. #08 ie referenced to T'V in this manual unless ‘otherwise spectid ++ PC boards shown viewed from fol ss,1. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ‘Signal flow and functions ofthe various control circuits of the tape dock are explained in det! in ‘hi section. Those should be of help in analyzing any trouble whith may oosut ad in correcting ‘the malfunctioni ing cut 14, LOGIC USED IN THE TAPE DECK 12, SYSTEM CONTROL IC (a) 2eUT NAN GATE 2D (a 2 nPUT Wor 2D* (o rwvenreR De 1 Pia Assignments and Thelt Functions fa i im Rose D = Tee eo Nowe: H level=34V~5V VOB V Fe 1. Pin Animes as wr ai Sento sr pt it Sarton omaion Fanon ipa pet al tow we Ravn ep i Sere Pon ia we Siete: [rer sti Silo io oe i enn Ld te uti sneered i at pum ne i pvp i igre oa — Hit vont bl gre = z Ea i pl tt wb ne “ie spl pt eel gi ord a [Pom oy wn nd 9105s ans 20122, Block Diagram Fi. 12, Block Dorm 1123. Input Signals and Resulting Modes uv | new | east | ren | —Opeatngnede 7 a TT [ew aes ene [a RW PAUSE ec ec we PAUSE cesleeu [1 ecraus mee1.24, Mode Transition “The table below summarizes transition from one to snother due to an input sara cma emt] stor | cow [we | ray | ravse | nec | nconuse si rar ator |arar [aor [arora [Fr feo [eee | pew |rewo | revo | ro AECILAY | RECPLAY | REPLAY [RECMLAY| REBiLA| ——_| AEGPLAY ecrause | ——_[ ——_aecraust necrnise[wecmause | —__ "a A on i ina at cro ae ena 1.25. Operation with more than One Input Signal When more than one input signal & received lmultansously, the deck enters the mode ind ‘cated below. When input signals applied simul faneously are removed in sauenes, the mode Indicated By the lest signal to be removed is ‘ormally enabled. If REC end PLAY or REC and PAUSE are combina the rcord/reproduce or record/pause mode wil be enabled egal ‘of the sequence In wich the Input sonale ae Fomoved. If F-FWD (FEW) and REC or PAUSE fre combined, the fast onward (rewind) mode ll be enabled regardless of the sequence in ich the input sina are removed. 26. Input/Output Levels Inputioutput levels an voltages are given below. Tsk Ta con STOP | Anyeonion of FFWO, 9, REC, RUSE ow AY | SOP mate] wo eer PaURE os = ae | “pause REGPALSE mae PAUSE wd LAY eta ray FREEPLAY Tes oh a = = 7 ravi asnmnerd pa av wav vp [ testing ee av = = = Cp tape = = wav ae pests wav a aes er Hie cua ia 20v 5 = in apoyo aa S1227. Initial Reset Cicuit Se Fig. 13. ‘Tho initial reset crcut generates a signal whieh pute the deck in the stop mode ab s00n asthe omer is turned an, preventing Incorrect opara ion during the time the DC supply voltae Is lnstable Ainen power is turned on, eueent from tho IC Ust9 charges the noise suporesion capacitors {0502 ~ C807). Te takes only about 20 mee (0 harge C802 ~ C507 because of their low cape: ‘iy: When the eapactars are fully charged, the Fig 19. Stem Conta 1 pu iret PLAY, PAUSE, FF, REW, and REC input rminals become HIGH. However, it takes lppronimetely 100 meee for the STOP input terminal to re fo HIGH Because of the lige apacty of C507. Since STOP takes longer tO become HIGH than the other input terials 2 flip flop 1 36 in USI9 when power is turned on and the deck enters the stop mode, Unies C507 is fully charged and the STOP input terminal & HIGH, UST9 does not switch from the stop made to any othe mode ever If opore tion signal are input. 119, POWER SHUT-OFF CIRCUIT sie. 14, AR photo loterruptor type shutoff switch is Interlock with the ight tension acm. 1 inen the tension arm deviates fom &s normal position, the light baam falling on the photo tansistr is intrruptod and the photo tran fstor output voltage drops, tuning off 0516 Sd 0517. When O16 cutoff, 813 iso {urned off and no power is supplied totem hal" 6.9f capstan motor ssembly, and the apstan moor le deenergized 2.When 0517 goes of, be bias curent flows to the base of O51 through ABBT ard RSS2 land O518 goes on Since the collector of Q518 it conreetad to the STOP mode suite, the tape dan fst tothe STOP mode. Thus the lente eyes stop hen the tarsi atm not set in its spaced postion due 10 tape Slacknator other rouble23. hon the tension arm is ints normal position, the photo transistor receives he ight bear {ned outputs a high evel voltage to mako QS16 td O81 conduct. 4 When Q516 goes on, the 0813 bese iss circu is grounded and 819 supple curent tothe s.ihen 517 goes on, O518 and 0519 are tuned off, disconnecting Q518 from te stop Inoue switch and O519 rom the seed sering 1.4, CAPSTAN AND BRAKE SOLENOID DRIVE ciRcUIT The tape deck uses two solenoiss; their drive lrcute are shown in Fig 15 (8). 1) Capston sotenote This solenoid operates inthe PLAY mode to fetivate the pinch roller. The solenoid goes tft inthe PAUSE mode, 2) Brake solenoid Inthe PLAY, FF, and REW modes, this flenoid.opersies to release the reel motor brakes. The solenoid goes off inthe PAUSE, STOP, FF, and REWIND mode, “These solenoids oporeto as described below: “TiWhen the deck iin the STOP mode and the PLAY button is peste, pin 12 of USTO goes HIGH 12. When pin 12 goes HIGH, 0537 goos on and Carre flows tothe bas of O58 and 0538 goes on, 3. Aihen 0538 goes on, the ground side ofthe fipstan solenoid coll Is connected 0 the ground. 4. When pin 12 of US19 goes HIGH, 0539 goes ‘onsfollowed by Q581 so tht REI, C59 and ‘he brake Solana are grounded through the follectoremitter path of 0541 15. When 0541 goes on, charging current flows to (C531 through route {1} nd 0535 goes on for Spproximately 200 msec. ‘Thon G95 also goes on and supplies the capstan and brake Stenoigs with +28 V_A largesolenoid current flows t0 ensure activation of the solenoids. Refer to Fi 15(Al 1 When the charge curant stops flowing, 0535 tnd 0596 go off, isconnecting #24 V supply. However, +12 Vis supplied through D514 tnd solenold. activation is maintained with ‘minimal voto. 7.Trus, the solenoid voltege applied during Activation I reduced for halding, maximizing tho actaton fore to ene poste acon bet minmising astg Sh enoad dus ‘holding. 7 Fig VSIA) Fleshing & Stay Ste Vote‘VSREEL MOTOR DRIVE CIRCUIT Reproduce (Record) Operation ‘Teefore the PLAY bution has been pushed, (547 is cutoff, and Q548, 054890 on causing S20 ine voltage te applied tothe hot Sides of both reel motors through the co: iectoreriter paths oF 0549 and 0525, Since the opposite ‘dos of the motor are not Eomnected to the elt ground through Re Corresponding drive ect (0556 and O57, {r 0860 and O56), the motors ae uncle to Be rotated 2.When the PLAY button f pushed, the H level Neltape is applied to the bese of 380 malting Ie conductive. O551 goes on and 2 charging furrnt flows 10 the base of O5S2 from the fmitercollector path of 551, C535 and FRO7t for 8 shore period (1 second) of which Tength ls determined by the value of C538, {6582 thes gous on followed by 0589 whieh Sunplies +24 V to the hot ides of oth Inotors until the charging current to C538 is Sfoppedand the lating curent which ie Fauld to start the motors provided. 2.At the sime tine, the H level voltage i 0 soplicd to the base of O547 making W con. ‘Rete, turing off 0548 and O549, which n ‘ir, ets off the 20 V fine voltage wich wat {poled to the motor eeu 4. Then the H lov! voltae isapoied to the base of 564 to turn it on, followed by OBS5. When 555 goes on, 8 base bies current i Seopied to both right er left motor rive Gteute (0586, 0857, and. 0560, 0561) {hrovgh routes 1 and’2 causing the drive ‘Grou tite motor drivin, 5. Mesnwale, the H level voltage ie itfrentised bby C526 and tne resuitant short imple turns (0666 snd 0559 on. Sines the right reel motor is connected tothe O89 collector at time of PLAY art, tis driven with 9 higher current than that of the lat 30 it able to devon more take up torque, resulting in a smoother ‘Fart operation without tape sick 6. The REEL. size sslactor switch SBi1 deter: ‘mines the amount of bia eurent whieh fet ba fd to both motor drive eauite by ate. ing R680 and RBBon andoff to enablepraper roel dre toraue ‘7.Ater the transient or flashing cwrent has stopp, «steady 12 curont is supplied themerors trough 0524,16. TAPE DIRECTION SENSING AND COUNTER CLOCK GENERATION cincuir ‘This tape deck employs photo-sensing circuit whieh detect whether the tape is running. oF {atonary and the direction in wich rung. ‘This function. is performed by two. pals of photeinteruptors, each consisting of an LED nd a photo transistor The LED and the photo {ransstor are respectively mounted on the uppet nd lower sides Of a cotating disc which hes four ‘pening’ ahd is coupled to the right reel motor Shaft The second pair of photo-couplers Is mounted ina simlor mander, but in such aay {fot both output pulses produced by the ‘40 oto transistors are 90° out of phase when the {se rotates and the openings pass between each fair of LEDs and photo wensitor. Thus, the pulses output represent tape. speed, and’ the Figher the pulse frequency, the higher the tape speed. The pulse outbut obiained from the fst Photo.ransntor (PH502) 16 applied to pin 2 of Usi7 fan amplifieriave shaper) and the ‘waveshaped pulse output developed at pia tof S17 is further applied to the bate of 0590, then to cin 1T of USO5 (the elock terminal of ‘ip tlop U0). The pulse autput by the sean photo transistor is applied to pin'6 of USI7, then to pln 12 of UB0S after wave shaped nthe Samo wa 25 the pulse applied to pin 11 of the ‘ame Tiptlop. The Tipflop checks the phase {igh, low) ‘eletionship bomeen the Sno input pulses applied to pins 11 ard 12 and produces 3 high tevel output at pin 9 when the tape fru eg in erward cretion and 2 tow lav output when the tape is running in reverse direction, ‘The high level signal produced a pin 9 of USOS turns on 532, which in turn makes Q53S conductive so thie tho instruction required to increment the tape counter it isved. to the ‘counter UP/DOWN input terminal. Ina Sma way, when the tape i unning in reverse dra tion, the lw level output applied to the UP/ DOWN input terminal to deeremant the tape Oe sees Fa. 17. Tope Diction Semsig and Tp Count isk overeton Cent