Magnetism

Molecular theory of magnetism

 Molecular theory of magnetism

Molecular theory of magnetism tells that a magnet is

●

made up of small region called domain.

●Each domain is made up of tiny magnet facing same
direction
●These domain are facing in same direction in a magnet
only
These domain can be studied using very powerful
●

microscope
This theory was given by Weber and modified by Ewing
●
 Definition

● Hence we can say this:-

●Each and every molecule of a magnetic substance is a
complete magnet in itself, having a north pole and a
south pole of equal strength.
 What happens if magnet is brought
near a ordinary piece of iron
●molecular theory of magnetism also tells that a
ordinary piece of iron also has tiny magnets.(domains)
●But in iron these domain are facing in different
direction
●When magnet is brought near the piece of iron,the
tiny magnet inside the iron piece slowly align
themselves
●As the the domain align themselves and face same
direction and the iron starts to behave like magnet
 What happens if magnet is brought
near a ordinary piece of iron
●When the magnet is removed, the small magnet
inside the iron get jumbled again.
● And lose its magnetic properties
● Such iron piece is called a temporary magnet.
●But if the magnet is strong enough it can
permanently align its domain
● Such magnet is called a permanent magnet
 Note

● A magnet has domains facing in the same direction

A magnetic substance(example- iron, nickel) has
●

magnetic domains facing in different direction

● A non- magnetic substance have no domain.
● Hence it is not attracted towards magnet
Arrangement of domain diagram
 What is temporary magnet

●A temporary magnet is a magnet that remains

magnetized for only for some time is called is
temporary magnet
●Example- electromagnet and piece of iron under
influence of magnet
 What is permanent magnet

●A magnet which permanently remain as a magnet is

called permanent magnet
● Example- bar magnet,horse-shoe magnet,etc
THANK YOU