RFBT01 – LAW ON OBLIGATIONS

I. DESCRIBE OBLIGATIONS IV. SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING OBLIGATIONS IN GENERAL

1. Juridical Necessity 1. Fortuitous Events – exempting circumstance
2. Civil & Natural Obligations 2. Fraud
3. Essential Elements a. Causal Fraud (Dolo Causante) - void
b. Incidental Fraud (Dolo Incidente) – valid
3. Negligence
II. SOURCES OF OBLIGATIONS a. Contractual Negligence (Culpa Contractual)
1. Law b. Civil Negligence / Quasi-delict (Culpa Aquillana)
2. Contract c. Criminal Negligence (Culpa Criminal)
3. Quasi-contract 4. Delay
a. Negotorium Gestio a. Mora Solvendi – debtor
b. Solutio Indebiti i. Ex Re
4. Delict ii. Ex Persona
a. Criminal Liability b. Mora Accipiendi – creditor
b. Civil Liability c. Compensation Morae – both parties
5. Quasi-delict 5. Breach of Contract
a. Vicarious Liability

V. NATURE AND EFFECTS OF OBLIGATIONS

III. KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS 1. Concurrent Obligations in Obligations to Give a Determinate
1. As to perfection and extinguishment: Thing (Real Obligation)
a. Pure Obligations a. Care: Diligence of a good father of a family
b. Conditional/Obligations with a Term b. Deliver: Fruits
2. As to rights and obligations of multiple parties: c. Deliver: Accessions and Accessories
a. Solidary 2. Remedies for Breach of Obligations
b. Joint a. To Give
c. Disjunctive - *solidary i. Determinate thing: Specific Performance only
3. As to plurality of prestation: ii. Generic thing: Specific/Substitute Performance
a. Conjunctive - and b. To Do: Substitute Performance only
b. Alternative - or c. Not To Do: have it undone; expense of the debtor
c. Facultative d. Rescission as a Remedy
4. As to performance of prestation: i. Reciprocal Obligations – primary remedy
a. Divisible ii. Rescissible Contracts – subsidiary remedy
b. Indivisible e. Damages
i. Joint Indivisible i. Moral
ii. Solidary Indivisible ii. Exemplary
5. Obligation with a Penal Clause iii. Nominal
iv. Temperate
v. Actual
vi. Liquidated
RFBT01 – LAW ON OBLIGATIONS
7. Merger/Confusion
VI. MODES OF EXTINGUISHMENT OF OBLIGATIONS 8. Compensation
1. Payment or Performance a. Legal
a. Provisions as to the Payor b. Facultative
i. Payment made by a 3rd Person c. Conventional
ii. 3rd Party Payor does not intend to be d. Judicial
reimbursed 9. Novation
iii. Capacity and Free Disposal a. Subjective/Personal
b. Provisions as to the Payee i. Active (Subrogation) – creditor
c. Thing to be Paid or Delivered ii. Passive (Substitution) – debtor
i. Delivery of a Specific Thing b. Objective/Real
ii. Delivery of a Generic Thing
iii. Obligations To Do or Not To Do

2. Mercantile Documents
a. Legal Tender
b. Negotiable Instruments and Checks
c. Extraordinary Inflation or Deflation
d. Place of Payment
3. Special Forms/Mode of Payment
a. Dation in Payment (Dacion En Pago) – law on sales
b. Application of Payments
c. Payment by Cession
i. Voluntary
ii. Judicial
d. Tender of Payment – preparatory act
e. Consignation – extinguish
4. Loss of the thing due
5. Impossibility of Performance
a. Before – void
b. During - extinguish
6. Remission/Condonation – gratuitous
a. Form
i. Express
ii. Implied
b. Extent
i. Total
ii. Partial
c. Manner
i. Inter vivos – lifetime
ii. Mortis causa – death