Introduction: Why the

Other Side of the Coin?

As someone who is biracial, I often find myself put in the middle of debates about social
issues. I have a White dad who grew up in the Catholic suburbs of Cincinnati and a Mom who
immigrated from poverty in India. When Trump supporters stormed the Capitol back in January
of 2021, I posted a picture on my instagram of an old white man sitting at the front of the room
with the caption "This is what white privilege looks like." I had several White relatives text my
mom and tell her to ask me to take down my "racist" and "offensive" post. The irony here was
almost laughable. I remember thinking that if the people who stormed the capitol looked like
me, these same relatives would be clutching their pearls and talking about how we need to
keep brown terrorists out of our country.
In conversations about white privilege, I often hear my relatives getting offended and find
myself getting told about how their great-grandfather worked so hard for their family. In many
cases, I benefit from systemic racism and white privilege just as much as them. I grew up in a
predominantly-white, upper-middle-class neighborhood where I went to a Catholic school that
set me up academically and professionally for success. In many ways, I benefit from the same
white privilege that keeps the immigrant side of my family from achieving these same goals.
The redlining that was used to keep Black people from being able to buy homes in the 1930s is
the same process that put me in a "good" (not to mention, predominantly white) school district
growing up. I have the privilege of being white-passing enough to not have to be afraid of being
racially profiled by the police. However, this same white privilege is what kept me from seeing
anyone who looked like me in the media growing up. It is what led me to learn about the history
of my White ancestors for 13 years and my brown ancestors for 2 days in the India unit of my
World History class.
As someone who very clearly both benefits and suffers from the racism that still exists in our
world today, I have seen firsthand that privilege and discrimination are two sides of the
same coin. It is so easy to point out that the poorer areas of Cincinnati are predominantly
Black, the maternal mortality rate for Black women is 3 times higher, and the university I attend
has a demographic that leaves marginalized populations at a gross level of underreprentation
compared to that of the city as a whole. For those who are not a part of the groups I just
mentioned, it is so hard to admit that the processes that leave these groups to suffer create a
benefit for those in the majority. Richer areas like Indian Hill and Kenwood are almost entirely
White. White women do not experience a fear of the healthcare system built on decades of
outright racism that would make them hesitant to receive the care they need. White students at
this school do not have to worry about having their history represented in the classroom or
dress code requirements that are inclusive for their hair type.
It is SO much easier to admit that discrimination exists than it is to accept that this
discrimination is directly tied to the privilege you hold, even if that privilege is simply not
having to experience discrimination. However, by not admitting that these two are tied directly
together, we leave one group to be crushed by disparities while the other group remains on
top. In the cover art, I chose to draw women of color fighting for intersectional feminism being
crushed by the other side of the coin. On top of the coin, we see the wage gap, the beauty
standard, and a CEO (90% of which at the Fortune 500 level are white men). These elements at
the top are not necessarily trying to push the people on the bottom down, but their mere
existence at their vantage point leaves those fighting at the bottom crushed and helpless. By
unpacking the way that privilege and discrimination are tied together directly, we can finally
begin to discuss the changes that need to be made in order to dismantle these disparities.
 Interview with
Transgender Medicine
Physician Dr. Sarah Pickle
Maya:
So I just kinda have a little list of
questions that I wanted to go
through with you. The first one
was what are some lessons that
you have learned from your
patients and is there anything
that being a transgender
medicine physician has
changed your perspective on
gender?

Dr. Pickle:
Yes, so patients are certainly
our best educators, right? So
So one of the things I have I hear that a lot. "Nobody
it's kind of this balance of, we
certainly learned is that it is believed me. I've told this to so
need to know the medicine, but
okay to say, we don't know, we many people so many times
then our patients are really
don't have the answers to that and I was dismissed", and that
gonna teach us what they need.
right now, here is what the best is something that validation
So we always kind of say, you
science tells us. And then with and listening, doing less talking
know, in, in caring for
our patients, we can make and more listening, which is a
transgender folks, you don't
those decisions. So doses of constant struggle for me, cuz I
want your patient to have to
humility are definitely love to talk, but doing more
educate you on the knowledge,
something that I've learned listening is probably the other
skills, and attitude and needs to
from my patients. And then lesson that I've learned.
care for gender diverse
probably the next thing is to
populations. Right? You don't
just sometimes be the listener.
want them to have to tell you,
In medicine we wanna fix, we "Validation and
well, you know, since I've had
top surgery, I actually don't
wanna create solutions, like listening, doing
that's our job, right? People
need that mammogram. Right?
We don't want them to educate
come to us with issues, and less talking and
that's what they want. They
us on the stuff we need to know
want answers and solutions more listening"
as physicians, but we absolutely
and treatments. yet sometimes
are going to learn from them,
and they are going to teach us
the best thing we can do in the Maya:
examination room is listen and Yeah, that's awesome, so kind
what they need. So probably
validate an experience. of talking about that in the lens
the best first lesson of
Validation is probably the of the whole learning aspect, do
medicine always is to just stay
second lesson, just how you feel that the current
humble. I think COVID has been
important it is for all medical school curriculum and
a really humbling experience
individuals, but certainly those resources for practicing
for medicine in general. There's
who have otherwise been physicians are adequate to fully
a lot of things we don't know,
marginalized, who haven't been serve LGBTQ+ patients?
and in transgender medicine,
believed.
there's a lot that's still yet to
learn.
Dr. Pickle:
No. So the most recent study
that looked at adequacy of
LGBTQ curriculum, it was called
the equity curriculum, and it
kind of pulled from two main
resources. One is the Center for
American Progress and the
other was Journal of the
American Medical Association
- Journal of the American Medical
or JAMA. And when the Equity
Curriculum looked at these
resources, what they found was
that 33% of medical schools
have zero LGBTQ health. So that
means one in three physicians
will graduate medical school,
never having any baseline
competencies to care for
LGBTQ patients. Patients don't
know that, right? So when they
go to see a resident physician
or a fellow or an attending, they
wanna be able to trust that
medical school has prepared
them well for the scope of care
that our trans patients deserve.
1/3 physicians will
graduate medical
school learning
zero LGBTQ+
health curriculum. Maya:
Absolutely. So then kind of in
- Journal of the American
Medical Association
We also know that for those
schools that do have a
curriculum, the average
amount of time is about five
hours, and that's five hours out
of typically the 2,500 hours of
medical school curriculum just
in the first two years. So it's
pretty dismal, the amount of
material that's there. Additional
studies have shown that even
though student are exposed to
LGBTQ patients during their
clinical rotations and typically
the third and fourth year,
medical schools in general are
not graduating students with
competencies.
Only 13% of
medical students
across the US can
pass a competency
test for LGBTQ care
Association
About 44% still show bias
towards LGBTQ patients, and
only 13% of students across US
medical schools can pass a
competency test for LGBTQ
care. So no, we're not doing
enough. And I say, "we"
meaning the US medical
medical schools in general. So
how do we change this? We
really have to develop
competencies around LGBTQ
care and hold medical schools
accountable for those just like
we would make sure that
students knew about the renal
function and the cardiac and
pulmonary systems and knew
how to treat diabetes. We need
to make sure that this is a
competency that has been met.
that lens of disparities, what
are some of the biggest
disparities that you see in your
field and how do you see these
disparities sort of working hand
in hand with the privileges held
by non-LGBTQ patients?
Dr. Pickle:
So we know from studies like
the minority stress theory and
the stigma sickness slope that
individuals that hold
minoritized and marginalized
identity and identities, right?
Cuz then the intersectionality
component comes in where
that layering effect of if you are
a black transgender woman,
you have racism, sexism and
transphobia, all three of those
things you might experience in
a day, and you can't necessarily
turn off any of those identities.
So it can be a cumulative effect
living in that chronic stress
where around the corner,
you're wondering, am I going to
be fired? Am I going to be
physically or sexually assaulted
within my community? Am I
going to face stigma and
discrimination in my healthcare
field? Those chronic stress
factors are something we call
allostatic load, which is the
buildup of stress and what it
does to the body on the cellular
level. So we know that there
can be epigenerational stress
that is inherited from being of a
minoritized, marginalized
identity and living in this stress
for decades. It can actually
change one's genes. So that is
what many of our patients
bring into the examination
room. So how that manifests is
often times very practical
things like housing instability,
insurance insecurity- it's really
hard for patients to afford
medications. If they don't have
insurance, it's hard for them to
get a colonoscopy for cancer
screening if they don't have
insurance. So really what we
see are the kind of illness and
disease processes, people are
coming in with much more
advanced things like liver,
disease, diabetes, sleep apnea,
um, because they haven't had
access. Then the other
disparity is that they can't find
a doctor, right? So based on
that, those medical school
outcomes, and they're not any
better really in residencies or
fellowship, people can't find a
doctor to provide them
competent gender affirming
care.
So as you layer those things
on, those are probably the
biggest factors that build up
to health disparities. So when
we talk about trans
populations and we say things
like higher rates of
homelessness, higher rates of
unemployment, more likely to
experience severe mental
health experiences like
trauma, higher rates of
suicide, more likely to live with
HIV- four times that of the
cisgender population- none of
those facts are because
people are transgender. These
disparities exist because of
the way society has treated,
views, and the non-
acceptance of trans folks
within our communities.
Maya:
For sure. And so sort of the last
thing, I guess, on the societal
level is sort of twofold, so what
is one thing you wish more
people understood on the topic
of gender, and especially as a
parent, are there any things
that you wish more parents
adopted to make their children
feel confident and loved in their
gender identity?
Dr. Pickle:
Yeah, those are great
questions. So I think on a
societal level, we often, we do,
we misconstrue sex and
gender. We use them
interchangeably and they are
not, sex is often recorded,
presumed or assumed at birth.
And it is really something where
it's complex, right? I think
people maybe learn about
males and females and don't
understand that 2% of the
population are intersex, they
have differences in sexual
development. There is a variety
of chromosomes, hormones
and anatomy, all of which can
help define sex.
Whereas gender is a process of
self-identification. Gender has
a social construct. So many
cultures have multi genders
beyond men and women. Really
it is kind of a historical
colonization that has kind of
brought that binary construct
to most of the Western world.
So we know from some of our
indigenous cultures that there
are two spirits, that there is
room for gender expansiveness
that has been historically part
of tradition and culture, but
gender also has a biologic basis.
So probably the best study of
this comes from John's Hopkins
back in the 90's.
"Gender is a
process of self-
identification."
And John's Hopkins was like THE
center for intersex kids to go to,
and in this study they took 16
kids who had XY chromosomes,
but they had Cloacal exstrophy,
which means they had under
development of the phallus. So
the phallus maybe looked more
like a clitoris or it was absent.
So on the outside that physical
feature may have been viewed
as more of a female anatomy.
And so these 16 young people in
collaboration really, you know,
their parents made these
decisions for them, 14 were
raised as girls. They were given
a vaginalplasty. They were told
by the team "give your
daughter a very feminine name,
raise her as a girl." And two of
the families said, "you know,
we're not gonna do that,", and
they raised their kids as boys. At
some point, either in the first
few years after this study or at
the age of 18 when these young
folk had access to their health
records, 12 out of the 16 had
identified as boys or male.
So what that study
demonstrates, and there's
other similar studies that also
demonstrate, that gender has a
biologic basis. Even the most
coercive strategies- give your
child surgery, tell them they're
a different gender- if gender is
who you are, who you are, has a
genetic component, and really
only an individual can really say
who they are. So we know that
gender identity starts to be
formed as early as three and
four. And for kids who are
expressing gender
expansiveness, that's all very
common, right? Kids don't learn
gender except from social
cues, right? They don't know
that the pink blocks are
supposed to be for girls or the
blue blocks are supposed to be
for boys or that there is this
very artificial line in the sand of
what girls and boys can do,
should do, behave, etc. So one
of the things that we can ask
families to do in really this
setting of this changing world,
"The absolute
best thing that
parents can do is
be curious and be
supportive"
where our knowledge of
gender and our acceptance of
gender expansiveness in kids,
whether it's gender
expansiveness, gender
diversity, those children that go
on to persistently, insistently,
consistently say, "I am a boy. I
am a girl," who then may use
that term "transgender" to
describe their experience,
whatever gender expression,
identity a child is showing,
really the absolute best thing
that parents can do is be
curious and be supportive.
So being curious means asking
what does being a boy mean to
you? What does being a girl

"It's really, really

mean to you? What does not
knowing mean? Really try to
figure out what our kids are
telling us. The other thing is not
to necessarily associate
anatomy with gender, right? So I
think probably over the last 10,
15 years, there was this kind of
wave of child empowerment,
where we said, you know, we're
gonna teach our kids the correct
anatomic terms for body parts,
right? Boys have penises, girls
have vaginas, and it's great to be
able for your kids to be able to
name their body parts and say
"penis, vagina, vulva" right? Like
those are all really important
things to understanding one's
body, but let us not
automatically associate that
with gender. So boys don't have
penises. It's an "and". You are a
boy and you have a penis. You
are a boy and you have a vagina.
You are a boy and you have a
penis and a vagina. Why does it
always have to be connected?
So I think those are small things
if children were to ask, you
know, do all girls have vaginas?
No. Some girls have vaginas,
some girls have other body
parts, what other people's body
parts are, are their business, you
know, and that builds in the
concept of informed consent,
right?
important for young
people to have an adult
who is their champion."
This concept of, you know, other
people's bodies and their body
parts and what's going on under
their underwear, none of your
business. And if politicians could
also understand that, that would
also be great, right? Because I think
what we're seeing now, especially
over the last few years with all of
these really anti-trans hate bills
that have come through
legislatures is that parents aren't
able to make those safe and life-
saving decisions with and for their
children. A recent study just
published this year in JAMA found
that gender affirming hormone
treatment for transgender youth
and adolescents decreased suicide
rate by 50%. So, I mean, this is huge.
This is life saving for kids and the
biggest and best factor that
predicts LGBTQ youth having
successful adulthoods is
having family support.
Unfortunately, sometimes
that's not biologic family- that
could be chosen family, that
could be extended family- but
it's really, really important for
young people to have an adult
who is their champion
because who's gonna go to
school and lobby for them and
make sure that the restrooms
are safe and make sure that
they're able to wear clothes
that allow them to feel most
expressed and check and
make sure they're not being
bullied or harassed. Kids need
adults. And so if that can be a
child's parents or guardians,
that is certainly the best path
for success for most of our
youth and adolescent kids.

"A recent study from just published this year in

JAMA found that gender affirming hormone
treatment for transgender youth and
adolescents decreased suicide rate by 50%. So,
I mean, this is huge. This is life saving for kids."
Instagram Poll Responses:
What is a harmful
expectation you feel
held to as a part of your
gender?
 Two Sides of the
Same Coin
An Essay on the Connection Between Privilege and
Discrimination by Maya Goertemoeller
Often times when people
hear the word privilege,
they are hesitant to
recognize that it exists and
even more resistant to
accepting that they
themselves hold privileged
identities (McIntosh 72).
However, disparities and
inequity are far easier to
present and believe
(McIntosh 72). 1 in 5 girls
are married before the age
of 18, 129 million girls
worldwide are out of
school, and 1 in 4 girls
around the world between
15-19 years old are not in
school, work, or any sort of
training (Gender Equality).
We find it easier to accept
these statistics than to
recognize the ways that
these disadvantages for
girls and women inherently
coincide with an
advantage for boys and
men (McIntosh 73).
Compared to the 1 in 4 girls
out of work and school,
many of whom are forced
into child marriage, only 1
in 10 boys in this same 15-19
age range are without an
education or career
training (Gender Equality).
The multifaceted
discrimination, inequities,
and barriers that exist to
create disparities that
leave marginalized
groups to suffer
simultaneously create a
world where those not in
these groups inherit a
privilege that makes
these gaps cyclical and
far more difficult to close
(McIntosh 73).
1 in 4 girls worldwide are without an
education or career training compared to
only 1 in 10 boys.
- UNICEF
This phenomenon is not
only seen between men
and women but also
through an intersectional
lens among women of
varying racial groups
(Galer). Greek
mythographers wrote
stories about powerful,
beautiful women who are
without question Black
according to the stories’
details and origins, but
the way that these
women have been
depicted in Western
artwork is strikingly
whitewashed (Galer).
From replacing their
features like natural
hair to stereotypically
more White
characteristics like
silky straight locks to
going as far as to paint
these Black female
characters with white
skin, these paintings
send a clear message:
it is impossible to be
both black and
societally accepted as
beautiful (Galer). Some
may look at this and
think that this century-
old discrimination is no
longer important, but
with a quick glance at
today’s modeling
industry, this message
still rings true 400
years later (Kilbourne).
 Award winning author
Jean Kilbourne puts it best
in her 2010 film, Killing Us
Softly 4: “Women of color
are generally considered
beautiful only if they
approximate the white
ideal.” So many of the
Black women who are
societally revered as
“beautiful” still fall into a
white beauty standard,
from Beyonce lightening
her skin for an
Beyonce lightening her
advertisement to being
objectified as exotic and hair and skin (Kilbourne)
dressed in animal skins
This then begs the This praise of a
(Kilbourne). This
question, “What message masculinity that is not
intersectional identity of
does this give to men?” In just toxic but violent
being a Black on top of
his film Tough Guise 2, and even sometimes
being a woman layers onto
Jackson Katz explores the lethal not only ties
the sexualization and
effect that these societal directly into so much
objectification of all
standards have not only of today’s violence
women in advertisements
on men but also on the against women but
that create a beauty
way that men treat also perpetuates an
standard achievable by
women. Men commit 90% acceptable standard
next-to-no-one
of murders, 99% of rapes, for men to be seen as
(Kilbourne). With these
disadvantages in mind, and 87% of stalking “tough” rather than
we can see that incidences (Katz). While violent (Katz). We
privilege is held both by there are certainly victims hear insults like “you
white people and by of these crimes that come throw like a girl” and
white women as they from other gender “don’t cry, you’re
benefit from a beauty identities, including men, such a woman”, and
standard that makes women make up a far while these are
their skin color and greater proprtion of clearly paint women
stereotypical features victims than perpretrators as weak,
like blond hair and blue (Katz). Some may wonder overemotional, and
eyes one that only they how this male violence undesirable, they also
are able to achieve coincides with privilege. give men the privilege
while the rest are left to Our society praises a of being portrayed as
be deemed undesirable world where “boys will the opposite: strong,
(Kilbourne). boys” and “real men don’t level-headed, and
cry” (Katz). revered (Katz).
A conversation about
gender disparities cannot
be had without also Nearly half of transgender Americans
recognizing those who do have been sexually assualted in their
not fall into the cisgender lifetime , and these rates are even higher
binary. According to a 2015
for trans people of color.
survey conducted by the
National Center for

Transgender Equality, - National Center for Transgender Equality

almost half of transgender

Americans reported verbal

harassment in the past year If we are ever going to likelihood of encountering

due to their gender identity, move forward and begin the discrimination, and
and nearly one in ten further to close these gaps, we ask ourselves how and
responded that they were can not just look at the why these gaps continue
physically attacked groups being to perpetuate a world
(Violence against Trans and marginalized (McIntosh where privilege and
Non-Binary People). This 74). We also must take a discrimination exist as
survey also went to show look at the groups who two sides of the same
that in their lifetime, almost benefit from these coin (McIntosh 75).
half of transgender disadvantages, even if
Americans have been that advantage is merely
sexually assaulted, and a lower
these rates are even higher
for transgender people of
color (Violence against
Trans and Non-Binary
People). The rates of these
"these gaps continue
to perpetuate a world
abuses are significantly
lower for cisgender people,
especially white cisgender
men (Violence against Trans
and Non-Binary People).
where privilege and
These statistics continue to
demonstrate the ways that
while one group suffers
discrimination exist
from grossly imbalanced
discrimination, another as two sides of the
group is privileged with
avoiding these sometimes-
life-threatening inequities
same coin"
to far greater degree
(Violence against Trans and
Non-Binary People).
 Essay
Bibliography
Galer, Sophia. “How Black Women Were Whitewashed by Art.”
BBC Culture, BBC, 16 Jan. 2019,
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20190114-how-black-
women-were-whitewashed-by-art.

“Gender Equality.” UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/gender-

equality.

Katz, Jackson, director. Tough Guise 2. Kanopy, 2013,

https://uc.kanopy.com/video/tough-guise-2.

Kilbourne, Jean, director. Killing Us Softly 4. Kanopy, 2010,

https://uc.kanopy.com/video/killing-us-softly.

McIntosh, Peggy. “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible

Knapsack .” Mapping the Field: An Introduction to Women's,
Gender, and Sexuality Studies, 1988, pp. 72–75.,
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133791-4.

“Violence against Trans and Non-Binary People.” National

Resource Center on Domestic Violence,
https://vawnet.org/sc/serving-trans-and-non-binary-survivors-
domestic-and-sexual-violence/violence-against-trans-and.
 Devil's Advocate Column
6 Common Attacks on Feminism That
Don't Hold Up and How to Respond

1. "Men have issues too. Look at the incarceration rates. It's

way higher for men than women."
In looking at the incarceration rates in the US, men make up about 90%
of incarcerated individuals, and this rate is even higher in other
countries (Shaw). We often hear this attributed to higher levels of
testosterone in men, and while it is true that these play into men
commiting an overwhelmingly higher number of crimes, sociologists
attribute the majority of this disparity to societal expectations and rules
that not only lead men more commonly towards violence, but also lead
women less towards violence (Who Commits Crimes?). Men are taught
that violence is a mechanism of defense and assertive toughness is the
"true" way to be a man as women are raised to be gentle nurturers (Who
Commits Crimes?).
2. "Feminism paints white men as the oppressor and creates a
divide that only makes the problem worse."
The objective of feminism is to create a society where men and women
are equal, not to place one gender in a position of power or bring another
gender down (Voudouri). Feminism actually includes fighting prejudice
against men on top of advocating for an end to misogyny (Voudouri). It is
important to recognize that white, cisgender men tend to benefit from
privileges grounded in centuries of racist and sexist discrimination, but
this does not mean that feminism is an attack on men (Voudouri). It
merely aims to bring other groups up to an equal playing field, not drag
men down (Voudouri).
3. "Men and women are equal now according to the law. We
don't need feminism anymore."
Even though women now have the right to vote and even have been
reported to vote at higher rates than men, less than 20% of Congressional
positions are held by women (Cavanagh). We live in a society where men are
taught that emotions make them fragile while women are taught that their
body's are objects for societal consumption (Cavanagh). Female Genital
Mutilation is still ongoing in 29 countries, and there are no laws against
marital rape in 120 (Cavanagh). In the Middle East, infanticide is so
widespread that we are still seeing a gap of millions less females in these
countries (Cavanagh). Even if our society is "equal" enough to give men and
women the same opportunities, we still need to break down the stereotypes
and constructs that lead the actual choices being made to continue limiting
people based on gender (Cavanagh).

4. "Gender is what you're born with. You get what you get and
you don't throw a fit."
Gender is a societal construct, and for transgender people, their sex
assigned at birth does not determine their gender identity (McSweeney).
People can also be gender-fluid, nonbinary, or agender, all of which do
not fall under the constructs of a gender identity determined by your
genitals (McSweeney). We live in a society that constantly surrounds us
with cisnormative ideals, and while difficult to unlearn, this unlearning is
the only way to achieve a more gender-equitable world (McSweeney).
Gender expression allows people to present this identity to society, and
at the end of the day, it is crucial to note that gender boils down to what
people feel most connected with (McSweeney).
 5. The wage gap is not a valid demonstration of sexism at work.
Women choose lower paying jobs that have more flexibility for
the family which is a personal choice, not a societal issue.
92% of single parents in the United Kingdom are mothers, and in the
United States, men earn $1 for every $0.77 women make (McCormack).
Women are far more likely to hold lower paying jobs like secretaries and
assistants, and many argue that this gap boils down to women "choosing"
lower paying jobs, not a societal issue (McCormack). However, we have to
ask ourselves why women are more likely to quit their jobs to be a full-
time parent or go for jobs that have more flexibility for their familes
(McCormack). While some of these inequities can be attributed to
remnants of blatant sexism from the past, the primary reason why it
perpetuates is the societal expectations that are placed on women
(McCormack). Women are expected to contribute more to family efforts
and suffer directly as a result by working lower-paying jobs (McCormack).

6. Men and women are fundamentally different and should not

be subject to the same rules or expections.
Although there are certainly biological differences between people
assigned male at birth vs female, they do not mean that we should not
have equity for people of all genders (Milsom). For example, one
experiment showed that when six-year-olds were invited to play a game
for people who were "really, really smart", the boys decided to play
whereas the girls did not think that they were capable (Milsom). These
go to show that the idea that we need to "protect" women or that boys
and girl's have different interests can create a cyclical process that
contributes tremendously to the absence of women in STEM careers
(Milsom). Another study, performed double-blind, found that lab
manager applications were significantly more likely to be considered
and even given a higher starting salary when the names were male
versus female with identical credentials (Milsom). Ultimately, the
differences in interests that we might
see more generally are ultimately a
result of the same societal
expectations that keep women
from seizing opportunites that
create a more equitable
world (Milsom).

p.s. being able to play devil's

advocate is in and of itself a PRIVILEGE!
 Devil's
Advocate
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Thank you for reading!