BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI, GOA-CAMPUS Semester II, 2009-10 Course: EEE C461/INSTR C461 POWER ELECTRONICS Test I, Regular [Closed Book] Date:24/02/2010 Wt., 20 %, Maximum Marks: 40 Duration: 60 min Instructions: * Write all the steps clearly and give explanation for complete credit. Start a new question on a fresh page and answer all its parts sequentially. + Overwritten answers will not be rechecked. * Make suitable assumptions wherever required and mention the assumptions clearly. 1. A 4-quadrant switch is capable of conduction in both directions during on state and is capable of blocking voltages of either polarity in its of state. Realize a 4-quadrant switch using (i)Two BJTs and additional diodes (ii) Two SCRs (iii)4 diodes and one BJT (iv) 4 BJTs. Mark the current directions and blocking polarities of individual devices in each case. 2, Figure 1 shows an SCR, its schematic model, and two periodic operational waveforms. The first operational waveform is half sinusoid with a peak current of 100 A. The second waveform is a pulse width modulated waveform with a peak of 100 A and a duty ratio of 50%. ‘The power dissipation in the device is 56.8 W and 100W respectively under the two operating conditions. Sages sna eae v4 WE tT} vo ™ 0 12 T Figure 1 @ Evaluate average current and rms current for the two operational waveforms. (ii) Evaluate model parameters V and ry of the SCR. (4+3] 3, The switching voltage and current waveforms of a power switching device with a reactive load is shown in Fig. 2. The voltage Vs and Is are respectively 200 V and 50 A. The device exhibits over current during turn-on and over voltage during turn-off as shown in Fig. 2. The switching frequency is 10 kHz. Assume that during conduction the switches behave ideally. 18V— Figure 2(Sketch the device power dissipation as a function of time. (ii) Evaluate the peak power dissipation during the switch-on transition and the switch- off transition, (ii) Evaluate the turn-on energy loss, turn-off energy loss and the average switching power loss in the switching device. [3+3+5] 4. Anon-isolated buck conyerter is shown in Figure 3. The converter is delivering a load power of 1 W. The switching frequency is 50 kHz. The duty ratio is given as 0.3. The devices may be considered ideal. Is the converter operating in CCM or DCM? (Substantiate your answer).Calculate the output voltage ripple. {e+4] 0.1m 10V SOpF Figure 3 5, Figure 4 shows a boost converter. The source is 8V. The output is 32V delivering a load 3: 4 A. The power-switches are ideal in conduction and blocking (0 V during conduction and 0 Ain blocking). The converter switches at 25 KHz. as t Vi 32V, 4A 8v J R 2skez IF] Figure 4 Gi) Evaluate the ideal input current. (ii) Evaluate L to limit the input ripple current to £20%. (i) Sketch the current through C and indicate the peak values. (iv) Evaluate the ripple voltage on the capacitor. [8]BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI, GOA-CAMPUS Semester 11, 2009-10 Course: EEE C 461/INSTR C 461 POWER ELECTRONICS Test I, Regular [Open Book] Date: 31/03/2010 W., 20 %, Maximum Marks 40 Instructions: 1.Write all the steps clearly and give explanation for complete credit, 2. Start a new question on a fresh page and answer all its parts sequentially. 3. Overwritten answers will not be rechecked. 4, Make suitable assumptions wherever required and mention the assumptions clearly. 1. Anon- isolated buck converter working in CCM mode is depicted in Figure 1. he th te OS io waite te od . 9 AB * Figure 1 ‘The MOSFET has an ON state resistance rq and the diode has an on voltage drop V,. The capacitor has an effective series resistance (ESR) r- an¢ the filter inductor has an ESR value ry (A) Draw the equivalent circuits of the converter during ON time and OFF time. (B) Write down the differential equations corresponding to each equivalent circuit. (C) Give the state space representation of the converter during ON time and in the i i , i ¥, form [*] ay[ i }eael | and paeesl fee | where the ” states chosen are the inductor current and capacitor voltage where D is the duty ratio and Ap;Bp,Cp and Fp are the system matrices during ON time. Similarly give the state space model of the converter during OFF time (1-D). (D) Find the average state space model of the converter assuming R>> (tettL+tp) « [2+2+6+3=13] 2. Figure 2 shows a forward converter with loss-less reset operating at 50 kHz, with a duty ratio of 0.4. All components may be considered ideal. The output filter inductor L and capacitor C are large so that the current ripple in L and voltage ripple at the output are negligible. The primary magnetising inductance Lm is 4 mH. The source voltage is 100 V. The load resistance is 22. The ratio of number of primary winding turns to reset winding turns is 1:1 and the ratio of number of primary winding turns to secondary winding turns is 10.25. (P.T.O)100V Figure 2 (A) Evaluate the output voltage and output current. (B) Evaluate the peak primary current including the magnetising current. (C) Sketch the steady-state primary current and primary voltage and mark all the salient features. [(3+4+4=11] . Figure 3 shows single phase half controlled bridge rectifier. The output is modeled as a constant current source. (A) Neglect source inductance Ls and sketch the output voltage and input current with reference to the input voltage for a firing angle a=60 and indicate the salient features. What is the displacement power factor in this case? (B) Find an expression for average de voltage Vea in terms of source voltage ‘Vs(rms value) and firing angle a. (C) Specify the maximum blocking voltage ratings of each device in terms of Vs. [3+2+2=7] Figure 3 . Figure 4 shows a three- phase diode rectifier with a resistive load. Assume the source inductance is negligible and hence there is no commutation overlap. Phase voltage Vs (rms) = 163V and the load resistance R= 10 Q. Figure 4 (A) Sketch the A- phase current, output voltage V, and voltage across the diode D, to the scale in the graph sheet provided, with A-phase voltage as reference and indicate the salient features. {3+3+3=9]BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI, GOA-CAMPUS Semester Il, 2009-10 Course: EEE C 461/INSTRC 461 POWER ELECTRONICS Comprehensive Examination Regular {Partial OB] Date: 13/05/2010 Wt., 35%, Maximum Marks 70 Total Duration: 3 hrs Part sive only the final answer. (Duration: 75 mts) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given answers. (Each question carries 1 mark) 1, In which of the following processes is an electronic switch closest to the ideal switch’? A) Blocking B) Conduction C) Turn-on D) Turn-off 2. Incase of cycloconverters, a practical value for ratio of output frequency to input frequency would be A)% By 1/8 C)2/3 D) 5/8 3.A silicon controlled rectifier, when used as a switch, ‘A) Blocks bidirectional voltage and passes bidirectional current. B) Blocks bidirectional voltage and passes unidirectional current. C) Blocks unidirectional voltage and passes unidirectional current. D) Blocks unidirectional voltage and passes bidirectional current. 4.The transistor with a common emitter current gain of B can be used as a satisfactory ON switch when BY, BY, Nec V. = B.Ip> S.C) A,< D) 1,>— Ms Ble Re Odes pp PT 5. The power components used in ideal power electronic systems are ‘A)R,C, and L. B)R, L, and switches. C) R, C, and switches. D) L, C, and switches. 6.For the following switching device shown in Figure (combinational switch), the operating points on the vi plane is given by ENA a =i Tap tapi ‘aot dap Yap Vas VaB \ Van A 8 c D 7.Advantage of using a three-phase diode rectifier over three individual rectifiers is that it eliminates order harmonies from the input current A)Third —_B) 5" and 7) triplen D) all (6n + 1) forn= 1,23... 8. A thyristor with an anti-parallel diode has, capability. A) bi-directional voltage blocking B) bi-directional current conducting C)both A and B D) neither A nor B. 9.The primary objective of using a tum-on snubber is to limit the the deviee. A) voltage across B) current through C) both current and voltage of D) rate of rise of voltage across. 10. The advantage of bipolar gate drivers over unipolar gate drivers is thatA) switching speed B) higher current gain. C) Over-current protection D) over-voltage protection Indicate whether the given statement is true or false. (Each question carries 1 mark) 11. When two devices are used in parallel to increase the current capacity, BJTs are preferred over MOSFETs. 12, Owing to the large SOA of the device, MOSFETs do not need snubber circuits in most of the applications, 13, The otder of a system is equal to the number of energy storage elements in the system. 14, A flyback converter cannot function properly without a third demagnetizing winding. 15, Square wave inverters offer more fundamental voltage than PWM inverters, for a given DC link voltage. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answer (Each question carries 1 mark) 16. By using BIT driver circuits, BUTs with a lower value of Vceo can be used for a given voltage blocking requirement. 17, If the load resistance is doubled, the ripple in the output capacitor voltage of a boost converter becomes times. 18. To realise synchronous PWM modulation in case of three phase inverters, the ratio of switching frequency to fundamental frequency should be 19. For a given DC link voltage, Single phase H- bridge inverter offers times the fundamental voltage compared to a half bridge inverter. 20. Output ripple frequency of a three phase full wave rectifier is _times of the input frequency Give only final answer for the following questions, (Each question carries 2 marks) 21, A MOSFET requires that its gate-source capacitance (S000pF) is charged to +1SV from OV to turn it ON. Find the energy required to turn ON the MOSFET. If this energy is supplied from a current source of 50. mA, the time required to complete this process is 22, Figure below shows the input current waveform of a3 phase 415V, 50 Hz convert operating at a firing angle of a= 0. Estimate the per phase line reactance of the supply. 23. An uncontrolled three phase bridge rectifier has to supply 80.A at 600 V oc. What should be the voltage and the current ratings of the diodes? 24. Diode while conducting has a vei characteristics given by V = (1+0.011). Evaluate the Conduction loss in the device while it carries « periodic current which has an rms current of 50 A and an average current of 35 A. 25, Figure below shows a primitive DC-DC switching converter with no filter component ‘What would be the average switch resistance inferred by the load when the duty ratio is (8) 0.5(b)03 ?Part B Instructions: 1,Write all the steps clearly and give explanation for complete credit. 2, Start a new question on a fresh page and answer all its parts sequentially. 3. Overwritten answers will not be rechecked. 4, Make suitable assumptions wherever required and mention the assumptions clearly. 1) Consider a non-isolated boost converter operating at the border between CCM and DCM. The input voltage is Vg = 60V; Other parameters are R = 75Q; C = 20 uF; D=0.2; Ts= 20 uS. a) Evaluate the steady state voltage gain of the circuit. Evaluate the value of L. (4) b) Write down the differential equations for the circuit for on state and off state. (4) c) Write down the large signal state space model for the converter for on and off state. (4) U) The non-isolated drive circuit shown in Figure is used to control the transistor switch S. Driver voltage is given as V=10V. The device S requires appropriate continuous positive base current during ON time and transient negative base current greater than or equal to 1,5 A for at least 2uS during OFF period. The maximum current through S may be taken to be 20 A and the minimum value of forced beta of the transistor is given as 20. Maximum overdrive (or excess) current during turn-on should not exceed SA. (Switch drops Vbe (sat) and Vee (sat) can be neglected.) a) Evaluate a suitable value for the continuous ON state base drive. b) Select a suitable value of RI. ¢) Select @ suitable value of R2 to meet the negative base current requirement. d) Select a suitable value of C to meet the duration of the negative current, e) Evaluate the peak power rating of RI and R2. 6) Imax=20A, 11) A rectifier is operating from an input ac voltage source of triangular waveform of peak voltage 100 V and frequency 1250 Hzas shown in Figure, The rectifier output has an LC filter followed by a load as shown in Figure. The diodes may be considered ideal. The inductor current may be considered continuous with negligible voltage ripple at the output voltage Vo of the rectifier. a) Sketch the rectified voltage Vrect labeled in the circuit. b) Evaluate the de output voltage Vo of the rectifier. ) Evaluate the average current through each of the rectifier diodes. d) Evaluate the value of L such that the peak to peak ripple current in the inductor is Jimited to 2 A. (242+ 24+3=9) Vac \ TY ‘Vrect Yo NO 1 Voc 232 IV) Figure below shows a three phase square wave inverter feeding an AC motor with isolated neutral. Sketch the voltages Vax, Ver Vers Vans Vav aid Vax and indicate the salient features of the waveforms in terms of Vde and at. (Waveforms should have same origin and the relative positions should be indicated. Draw separate axes for each waveform.) (B42+2+2=9)AC motor Y) For the above circuit a sine- triangle PWM scheme is used for modulation. The reference voltages and triangle carrier voltage shown in Figure (a) below and the space vecior hexagon eorresponding to square wave operation is shown in Figure (b). ®) Which triangular sector of the hexagon the reference space vector Vs isin for the condition given in Figure (a)? $b) What is the switching state on the hexagon corresponding (o the angle €? (Represent +-Vde with | and OV with 0) ©) Mark all the switching states corresponding to square wave operation of the converter on the hexagon. (1+ 1+3=5) ot 6 @)BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI, GOA-CAMPUS Semester Il, 2009-10 Course: EEE C 461/INSTR C 461 POWER ELECTRONICS Comprehensi 2 Examination, Regular [Pai ial OB) Date: 13/05/2010 Name: ID. No. Answer Sheet for Part A eae aa qos E | x) Le essen 4 4 3 5 | ae | | 16 | 7 ; 0 “| 3 B | | 5 9 10 [0 L | Tal 22 vi A 2B aH 4 Ww 25 al a