Lecture 11

𝟐 𝟑
Find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of matrix A=
𝟏 𝟒
2 3
Solution: Given that A=
1 4
The eigen matrix A is =𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼

2 3 1 0
= -λ
1 4 0 1
2 3 𝜆 0
= -
1 4 0 𝜆
2−𝜆 3
=
1 4−𝜆
The eigen equation of A is |A − λI |=0

2−𝜆 3
=> =0
1 4−𝜆
=> (2 − 𝜆)( 4 − 𝜆)-3 =0

=>8-2λ-4λ+λ2-3=0

=>λ2-6λ+5=0

=>λ2-5λ-λ+5=0

=>λ(λ-5)-1(λ-5)=0

=> (λ-5)(λ-1)=0

=>λ=1,5

These are the roots of the eigen equation.

𝑥
Now by definition 𝑋 = 𝑥 is a eigen vector corresponding to λ if and only if 𝑋 non trival
solution of (A − λI)X = 0 That is of

2−𝜆 3 𝑥 0
. 𝑥 = (1)
1 4−𝜆 0
When λ =1 then
1 3 𝑥 0
. =
1 3 𝑥 0
Forming the linear system

x1+3x2=0

x1+3x2=0

=>x1+3x2=0

Here x1 is a free variable

Let x1=a ; where a is any real number then 𝑥 =

The eigen vector of A for λ =1

𝑎
𝑋= − .

When λ =5; then

−3 3 𝑥 0
. 𝑥 =
1 −1 0
Forming the linear system

-3x1+3x2=0

x1=x2

There x1 is a free variable

Let x1=b ; where b is any real number then 𝑥 = 𝑏

The eigen vector of λ=5

𝑏
𝑋=
𝑏
2
For particular number b=2 and the eiger vector 𝑋 =
2