: g International Standard & 6728 |NTERNATIOWAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANOARDIZATIONS NIV ADOIWAR OT ARGALNR 0 CTANAAPT SALW ISORGANSSATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Photography — Camera lenses — Determination of ISO colour contribution index (ISO/CCI) ‘Photographie — Objectits photographiques — Détermination de I'indice ISO de contribution & la couleur des images (1SO/CCI) First edition — 1983-07-01 UDC 771.351 : 681.7.013 Ref. No. 1SO 6728-1983 (E) Descriptors: photography, cameras, photographic lenses, determination, colour, sensitivity.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1SO 6728-1983 (E) Photography — Camera lenses — Determination of ISO colour contribution index (ISO/CCI) 0 Introduction ‘The overall colour balance of a photographic fim camera image depends on the spectral characteristics of the film/process ‘combination, the illuminant, and the optical system. These three elements are made by a large number of manufacturers throughout the world, but are expected to work inter- Cchangeably with one another to produce satisfactory pictures either in the form of transparencies or prints. For this reason ‘common standards or sims have to be established for products and variability has to be tightly controlled This International Standard is concerned with the optical com: ponent of the photographic system which, in most cases, isthe lens. It describes the spectral characteristic of an ISO standard ‘camera lens and a method for determining the contribution of spectrally selective lenses to the colour of the final camera fim image. The method is based on the assumption that the fm will have the spectral sensitivity of an average colour film and be exposed to “photographic daylight” illumination. Spectral ‘transmittance values of an ISO standard camera lens are sug- ‘gested aims for lens manufacturers. Previous to this International Standard, the colour contribution Of lenses was determined using the procedure based on den- sity, while the procedure in this International Standard ie based ‘on log transmittance. This International Standard also updates the average spectral sensitivity values forthe latest colour films. For the above reasons, the colour contribution index (CCI) 1) At present atthe stage of drat. 2) At prosont atthe stage of draft (Revision of 1$0 3028-1874.) ‘values obtained through the use of this International Standard cannot be compared to those obtained with other methods prior to 1980. The use of the notation 0/6/4 rather than 6-0-1 ‘should indicate the values are obtained by using this Inter- national Standard. ‘The annexes provide additional information on this subject. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard describes a method for determining and specifying the contribution of camera lenses to the colour of a photograph. The procedure can also be applied to other ‘optical elements in the camera 2. References 180 5/1, Photography — Density meesurements — Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations for reflection and transmission density.) 180 2239, Photography — Light sources for use in sen- sitometric exposure — Simulation ofthe spectral distribution of daylight. 180 3028, Photography — Camera flash — Determination of 180 spectral distribution index. 2)1SO 6728-1983 (E) CCIE Publication No. 16 {E-1.3.1), Colorimetry, Official Recom- ‘mendations of the International Commission on lMumination, 3. Definitions 3.1 photographic response: The effective response of @ photographic film or paper to radiant flux. This can be represented by the equation a n= ff spursaran a wer tephra sans Eee eel cote et 112) is the axial relative spectral transmittance of the camera lens (or optical system); (2) spectral sensitivity of the camera film or paper: a is the wavelength; 4 10 Az is the wavelength region over which the photo raphic film or paper is sensitive. 3.2 spectral sensitivity (of a fim) : The reciprocal of the ‘amount of radiant energy required at each wavelength to pro- duce a specified density in the final image. 3.3. weighted spectral sensitivity values : Values ob- tained by combining the relative film sensitivity and relative spectral power values for daylight to simplity the determination of colour contribution index values. 3.4 colour contribution index (CCI): A three number system which describes the degree to which a lens is expected to change the overall colour of a photograph relative to that, ‘obtained with no lens in the system. 4 Method of test 41 Principle ‘The colour contribution index of a camera lens is calculated. from its spectral transmittance values and the weighted spec- tral sensitivity values provided in this International Standard. 4.2. Lens transmittance values ‘The spectral transmittance of a camera's imaging system, in- cluding such elements as lenses, mirrors and fiters, has to be ‘considered in evaluating its colour contribution to the photo ‘graphic result. This International Standard has been developed fon the assumption that the lens is the only element in the ‘optical system, since this is the case for most types of cameras |f additional elements are used, the combined spectral effect of all components has to be considered. ‘The spectral transmittance of the lens over the wavelength in- terval to which the film involved has significant sensitivity has to be determined. Monochromators providing bandwidths of 10 nm are required as well as an integrating sphere collector or its equivalent to measure the spectral transmittance of a lens. 4.2.1. ISO standard camera lens ‘The spectral transmittance characteristics of 67 typical camera lenses found in medium- and high-priced cameras were de- termined in a survey in 1979. The average relative spectral transmittance values are given in table 1 and designated as being those of the ISO standard camera lens. 4.3. Weighted spectral sensitivity values 43.1 iMluminants 4.3.1.1 Photographic daylight Most camera colour films are designed to produce optimum. results with “photographic daylight” illumination. The spectral Power distribution of daylight varies with the time of day, ‘geographical location, and the orientation of the illuminated surface. Extensive radiometric measurements were made for five different conditions of daylight normally encountered. Data corresponding to a correlated colour temperature of 5 500 K were selected as the most appropriate for photography and designated as Dss. This is the prevailing condition when the sun 40° above the horizon in a cloudless atmosphere (soe ISO 2239). The relative power distribution values for Dgs are sven in table 1 and used as a reference in this International Standard. 1.2. Artifical illuminants Blue flashbulbs and electronic flash units are normally designed. to produce the same photographic results as daylight even though their relative power distribution may be different. 43.2 Spectral sensitivity of colour film ‘Some layers of colour film are primarily sensitive to blue light, while others will have primary sensitivity in the green and red regions. Since colour films differ in their relative spectral sen- sitivity, the effective colour of a lens depends on the film used for evaluation. During 1977, manufacturers worldwide were requested to supply average spectral sensitivity data for their daylight-type camera colour films used in pictorial photo- ‘graphy. Data from four manufacturers were received and averaged. The average values are used as references in this International Standard. Average spectral sensitivity values,Table 1 — Spectral data 1SO 6728-1983 (E) Relative spectral Relative spectral power Wavelength ‘ransmittance ri of the ISO standard lens ae i) am Fa 360 0,00 360 0.07 370 02 300 042 300 0,60 400 074 410 0 20 0.88 0 ost “0 0.4 460 98 20 100 470 100 py 103, 0 8 00 101 510 1.00 101 0 1100 100 50 1100 108 50 1100 102 550 100 103 500 100 100 570 1100 97 50 190 8 590 098 a on 0.89 ra 610 098 5 20 0.98 * ca 038 0 640 037 8 0 087 @ 680 036 2 on 085 ry 60 036 0 020 036 0 1) CIE Publication No. 15 (E131)ISO 6728-1983 (E) “31), for the blue, green and red sensitive layers, each normal- lzed to a peak of 100, are given in table 2. Table 2 — Average relative colour-film sensitivity 5(A) (The sensitivity of each layer is normalized to a peak of 100.) Wavelength tue Green Red ) nm ma) ed 0) 0 2 20 5 370 2 | 380 % 390 9 1 “00 n 1 410 a 1 20 9 1 420 100 1 40 a 1 450 % 1 460 6 1 470 a 2 480 2 3 40 " 6 500 4 9 510 3 “ 0 1 » 520 31 1 50 % 550 100 2 560 31 3 570 54 5 580 2 7 0 " 2 00 2 19 610 2 0 4 6 54 oo w 50 100 60 7 0 7 60 2 4.3.3 Determination of weighted spectral sensitivity value The spectral characteristics of a ens can be evaluated in terms. ofits total effect on the various layers of an average colour film. ‘The effect on the blue sensitive layers is referred to as the blue photographic response to the lens. The relative blue photo- ‘graphic response of the average colour film to Ds ilumination with no camera lens in the system, can be denoted as : a Be poopoohic pone Ry = fDi @ Dez _ is the relative spectral power distribution for Oss; (2) is the relative spectral sensitivity of the blue sen- sitive layers of average daylight-type colour film; 4;0 Az is the wavelength region over which the blue layers are sensitive. ‘Multiply the integrand by a constant Kg to make the blue response equal to 100, i.e.; ‘ fa fg 0) = 1 a) ecutive a ff? mares a) where Wg(A) = Kp Dsg 5g(4) The values of WalA) are called weighted spectral sensitivity values of the blue sensitive layers. Likewise, weighted values for the groan W(A) and red W7,(2) sensitive layers can ao be calculated by eating ther photographic responses to daylight to 100. In other words, the weighting factors have been derived: s0 that the ed, green, and bive responses are equal when no lensisin the system. The values for Wp, Wo, and Wy are given in abl 3. 4.4 Photographic response using a lens ‘The photographic blue response of average colour film using Dag, wien @ lens is included in the system, can be determined from the general equation : ay where r(A) isthe relative spectral transmittance of the lens. For discrete values of (2) and r(), the blue response becomes. Ry = E Weld) ria) a) Likewise, Rg and Rp are determined. [NOTE — If alensis tobe used witha specific fim or group of fms, the spectral sensitivities of those products can, of course, be used 10 determine the photographic response of a lens in that application, ‘Since camera lenses vary primaniy In transmitance of shorter wavelengths, diferences inthe spectral sensitivity of fim inthis region, ‘are generally the most important in evaluating the effect of various Tenees on the colour of the resultant photograph. 4.5 Calculation of ISO colour contribution index (iso/ccl) ‘The relative spectral transmittance values of a lens are multi- plied by the weighted spectral sensitivity values for the blu ‘green, and red. sensitive layers in table 3. The total photographic responses, Rg, Rg, and Ry are obtained by sum- ‘mation. Logyo response values are determined to two decimal places. To simplify, make the smallest element of this three- ‘number designation equal to zero by subtracting it from all three log values.Table 3 — Weighted spectral sensitivity values (2) (to be used with transmittance values) Wavelength war Wet) m0 nm ‘30 1 380 1 30 3 400 7 410 10 20 2 0 2 0 a 40 3 00 2 a0 8 40 4 20 2 500 1 2 510 1 4 20 5 50 a 540 5 550 2 1 560 3 1 570 3 1 50 8 2 20 2 3 0 1 4 610 6 0 8 0 2 60 9 650 2 660 6 670 4 620 1 ‘A further simplification occurs if the decimal is eliminated by ‘multiplying by 100. The final reduction of the three-numbers is called the “Colour Contribution Index’ for the particular lens 1SO 6728-1983 (E) evaluated. These calculations are illustrated in the example below : R= 89 lowe = 138 wzacing 0. mutiohing © = 2.00 198 tom’ o.95, each value Re = 99 logyo Re = 2.00 1.96 0 0,05 ech vane 5 Ra=97 Logika = 199 aves 0,04 gives 4 Colour Contribution Index = 0/5/4 ‘This means the average colour fm in Dgg illumination sees the lens as providing more green (by 0,06 log R) and red layer (by 0.04 log R) response relative to the blue then that obtained with no lens in the system. In other words, the lens would Produce pictures which were primarily yellow when compared ‘0 those obtained with no lens present. An example showing al the calculations is given in annex A. 5 Tolerances for CCI When the weighted factors in table 3 are used with the transmittance values of the ISO standard camera lens, the colour contribution index is 0/5/4 (see annex A for calcula tions). Film manufacturers generally establish aims for daylight-type colour products based on the Dg illuminant and @ camera lens having the spectral transmittance values given in table 1. If a lens has characteristics significantly different from the ISO ‘standard camera lens, the average picture produced from it ‘would be expected to be biased for colour balance. Such a lens. ‘would also produce colour shifts if t were used interchangeably with lenses which are close to the standard lens for spectral ‘transmittance. For this reason, it is recommended 0/5/4 be tused as an aim for the colour contribution index of camera lenses (or optical imaging system). Suggested tolerances for CCI are given in annex B. 6 Marking and labelling ‘The ISO colour contribution Index of a camera lens determined Using the method specified in this International Standard may be denoted in the form “ISO/CCI 0/5/4”.1SO 6728-1983 (E) Annex A Example of the method used for calculating the colour contribution index of a lens from transmittance measurements (Relative spectral transmittance values of the ISO standard camera lens are used in this example) (This annex does not form part of the standard.) Wevelen; Relative transmittance = me We Wer My Wye G) om + = 0,00 360 007 370 023 1 023 350 1 02 390 3 1.90 400 7 5.18 410 0 830 2 2 1058 «0 2 s082 0 8 22 450 3 12:35 460 2 1184 “0 8 738 1 480 4 32 1 420 2 198 1 500 1 0.89 2 510 1 100 4 520 5 8 540 15 550 B 1 560 8 1 570 8 1 580 9 2 0 2 3 600 1 4 610 6 oo 8 30 2 640 9 60 os7 2 2134 0 0196 6 15.38 670 095 4 380 0 094 1 094 Ewe 9.35 99,90 9734 logy (2 W'0) 195 2,00 1199 ‘Subtract 1,95. 00 0.05 0104 ‘Maitipying by 100 0 8 4 Colour contribution index = 0/6/41SO 6728-1983 (E) Annex B Recommended values for colour contribution index of camera lenses (This annex does not form part of the standard.) The colour contain index fo an verge 180 standard cura ani 0/5/4. Wey, l manufacturers shoud ute thio n a 1. AS a guide, the following tolerances, for each value, are recommended : : 3 tue 7 ° Groen : 5 ao Red: 4 ay -2 ‘Arica gah i vu mth fo poring CCl aun. Poting he above lerarce ala hexagon within ich CC wale fall (dotted i red lr lines in falues should be plotted movi ‘origin 0/0/0, move O unit VV. et Lae ee mn fn SAA XXX ve seni Ais LAN PROC OOK YY VVVY YY DADA OHIO 00000 DAA OY) VAVAVAVAN Figure — Trlinear graphThis page intentionally left blankThis page intentionally left blank