NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING

Technical Seminar Report

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING

By

MD. ASHRAF RAHIM

(17L31A01B2)

Department of Civil Engineering

Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (A)
(Approved by AICTE and permanently Affiliated to JNT University, Kakinada)
(Accredited By NBA & Re-Accredited with NAAC ‘A’ Grade)
Beside VSEZ, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam – 530046
2021
 Department of Civil Engineering
Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (A)
Beside VSEZ, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam – 530046

Certificate
This is to certify that the seminar entitled “Nano
Technology In Civil Engineering ” has been carried out by

NAME OF THE REGD.NO

STUDENT

MD. ASHRAF RAHIM 17L31A01B2

Under my Guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil
Engineering of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Kakinada.

Head of the Department Technical SeminarCo-Ordinator

 ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is an extremely wide term, the definition of which

varies from field to field. Most commonly, nanotechnology is defined
as “…the understanding, control, and restructuring of matter on the
order of nanometers (i.e., less than 100 nm) to create materials with
fundamentally new properties and functions” . Nanotechnology refers
to the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules, by engineering
matter at the atomic level. At the nanoscale, familiar materials can
have dramatically different properties: changes can affect color,
elasticity, strength, conductivity, and other properties. Nanoparticles
also have an increased surface area relative to their volume, making
them especially reactive and useful in energy storage, for making
composite materials, or as drug delivery devices. Nano materials are
also able to be integrated with biological materials, producing new
structures that have properties of both types of materials. There are
two main types of approaches to nanotechnology: The “top-down”
approach and the “bottom-up” approach. The “top-down” approach
involves taking larger structures that are either reduced down in size
until they reach the nano-scale, or are deconstructed into their
composite parts. On the other hand, the “bottom-up” approach is
where materials are constructed from the atomic or molecular
components.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. DESCRIPTION Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction to Nano Technology 01
1.1 What is a Nano Material ? 02
1.2. Nano Technology in Construction 02-09

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 10-11

3 SCOPE AND OPPORTUNITIES 12-13

4 CONCLUSION 14

5 REFERENCES 15
 CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTUION

 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO NANO-TECHNOLOGY

Nano technology has several applications in the engineering field, especially in the
area of civil engineering. A enormous number of materials can be enhanced by the use
of nanotechnology, some of which include glass, concrete, and steel. Nanoparticles can
also be used in coatings such as paints to give the coating “…self healing capabilities
and corrosion protection under insulation. Since these coatings are hydrophobic and
repel water from the metal pipe and can also protect metal from salt water attack.”

The amalgamation of nanotechnology in civil engineering and construction is

immensely useful to the field. Nanotechnology can be used to increase the life of
concrete, create fire-resistant materials such as steel, and give building materials
qualities such as “self-healing” and “self-cleaning.” On a personal level, we are very
interested in the design, construction, and engineering of buildings and other
infrastructure.

As a child we use to design and make buildings out of paper, and the idea of the
design and construction of buildings has always been of interest to me. As a future
engineer we would like to be able to do research on finding new materials to help
create stronger, better, longer lasting buildings and structures. Nanotechnology can,
and has revolutionized the way civil engineering is conducted by opening new
possibilities for materials and is an important aspect to the field of civil engineering.

It is for this reason that we believe that nanotechnology should be more widely
incorporated into engineering curriculums around the country. Currently, only a few
colleges and Universities teach nanotechnology within their engineering programs, or
even offer a degree in nanotechnology. This needs to be changed, especially for the
field of civil engineering as nanotechnology is vital to the advancement of the field.

Page1
  1.1 WHAT IS A NANO MATERIAL ?

Nanomaterials are chemical substances or materials that are manufactured and used at a very
small scale (down to 10,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair). Nanomaterials
are developed to exhibit novel characteristics (such as increased strength, chemical reactivity or
conductivity) compared to the same material without nanoscale features.

Hundreds of products containing nanomaterials are already in use. Examples are batteries,
coatings, anti-bacterial clothing etc. Analysts expect markets to grow considerably in the near
future. Nano innovation will be seen in many sectors including public health, employment and
occupational safety and health, information society, industry, innovation, environment, energy,
transport, security and space.

 Examples of such materials are

1. CNT ( Carbon Nano Tubes)
2. TiO2 ( Titanium Oxide)
3. SiO2 ( Nano Silica)

 1.2 NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION

 The construction business will inevitably be a beneficiary of this nanotechnology .

 In fact it already is in the field of concrete, steel, glass and many more.
 Concrete is made more durable, stronger and can be easily placed with the use of
nanotechnology.
 Steel is made tougher.
 Glass is self-cleaning.
 Paints are made more insulating and water repelling.
Page2
 NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN CONCRETE

Concrete “is a nanostructured, multi-phase, composite material that ages over time. It is
composed of an amorphous phase, nanometer to micrometer size crystals, and bound water,” . It
is used in almost all construction, from roads, to bridges, to buildings. Concrete can be modified
in numerous ways; one of which is to add nanoparticles to it.

These “nanoparticles can act as nuclei for cement phases, further promoting cement hydration
due to their high reactivity, as nano reinforcement, and as filler, densifying the microstructure
and the ITZ, thereby, leading to a reduced porosity” . Each of the nanoparticles has a different
on concrete. Nano-silica improves strength, resistance to water penetration, and helps control
calcium leaching. Nano-titanium has been proven to assist in the “…self-cleaning of concrete
and provides the additional benefit of helping to clean the environment”.

 In Concrete Nano Particles mainly used are

1. NANO SILICA.
2. TITANIUM DIOXIDE.
3. CARBON-NANOTUBE.

 NANO SILICA (SiO2)

 Nano silica addition to cement base materials can control the degradation of the
fundemental c-sh(calicium-silicatehybrate)reaction of concrete cause by calicium
leaching in water as well as block water penetration and therefore leads to
improvements in durablity.
 When releated to opc as a result the compressive strength of the material is 3-6 times
higher.
 Improves particle packing
 Improves strength of hardened concrete
Page3
 Nano Silica (SiO2)

 NANO TITANIUM (TiO2)

 TiO2 is a white pigment and can be used as an excellent reflecive coating .

 TiO2 breaks down organic pollutants ,volatile organic componds ,bacterial membrane’s
through powerful catalytic rections.
 Additionally it is hydro philic and therefore gives self cleaning properties to surface to
which it is a plane.
 Self Cleansing
 Excellent Reflective Coating
 Block UV and Infrared Rays.
Page4
 Nano TiO2

 CARBON NANO TUBES (CNT)

 In addition of small ammounts (1% wt) of cnt’s can improve mechanical properties of sample
main portland cement phase and water shows best improvements both in compressive
strength (+25n/mm2) and flexural strength (+8n/mm2) compared to the reference sample
without reinforcement .
 They are cylindrical in shape with nanometer diameter.
 They can be several millimeters in length.
 They have 5 times the Young’s modulus and 8 times the strength of steel
 Thermal conductivity is also very high

CNT STRUCTURE
Page5
 NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN GLASS

 TiO2 is used in nano partical form to coat glassing since it has sterilizing and
antifouling properties .
 Fire protective glass is another application of nanotechnology in which clear in
tumescent layer sanwiched between glass panel‘s (an inter layer ) formed of fumed
silica nano particles which inturns into a regid and opaque fire sheild when heated.

Nano Glass Structure

 NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN STEEL
 High Strength Steel Cables
1. Refinement of cementite phase of steel to a nano-size are stronge.
2. Reduce materials in suspension bridges and precast concrete.
3. Reduce costs and period of construction.
 Page6

 Fatigue
1. Progressive and localized structural damage
2. Occurs under repeated loading and unloading
3. At stresses lower than the yield stress of structure
4. Shortening of life period
5. Adding copper nano particle
6. Provide a smooth and even surface
7. Reduces stress and limit fatigue.

 Carbon Nanotubes
1. Light in weight
2. High strength
3. High thermal & electrical conductivity
4. Can with stand high compressive strength
5. Excellent in tensile strength compared to conventional steel
6. Temperature in steel manufacturing – affect – CNT properties.

 Two new products available

1. Sandvik Nanoflex
 high strength and good ductility
 Good weld ability
 Sandvik Nano Flex

Page7

2. MMFX2
 Three times stronger than normal steels
 Corrosion resistance and strength
 Lower maintenance costs.

MMFX2

 NANO-TECHNOLOGY IN PAINTS AND COATING

1. Self-healing Capability
2. Hydrophobic - RepelsWater from Metal Pipe
3. Protect Metal from SaltWater Attack
4. Provide Better Adhesion and Transparency
5. Lotus Spray - 20 times More Water Repellent than smooth wax coating
6. Reflect, Transmit Lights in DifferentWavelength
7. Silica Aero Gel provide : Aesthetic Appearance and Thermal Insulation
8. • TiO2 - Photo Catalytic Process.
 Page8

 NANO-TECHNOLOGY & FIRE PROTECTION

1. Nano cement has the potential to create a new paradigm in this area can be used as
tough,durable high temparature coating this is achived by mixing cnt’s which cement
material to fabricate fiber composites which results outstanding performances .

2. Poly propoline also are being consider as the metal of increasing fire resistance and this is
cheaper option than conventional.

 Other Nano materials available in Environment are

 Stearic Acid (Natural Saturated Vegetable Oil)

1. Used In Grinding With Cement

2. Reduce Energy Use

 3. Avoid Loss Of Strength

 Iron Nano Particles

Transform, Detoxify Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Ground Water

 Dendrimers

Enhance Environmental Clean-up.

Page9

CHAPTER -2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Syed Sabihuddin (2017) has done a work use of nanotechnology in Road materials on behalf
of a range of civilengineering mechanism is discussed. In view of the fact that the use of
nanotechnology controls the topic at the minutelevel, the properties of matter are sincerely
affected. Strength, durability and other properties of materials aredramatically affected under a
scale of nano meter(10-9m). The properties like self-sensing, self- rehabilitation, self-
structural health monitoring, self-vibration damping, self-cleaning and self-healing are studied.
Nanotechnology offerinfinite amounts of improvement in the civil engineering field. It has
help improve the quality of and solved many issuewith building materials such as concrete and
steel. The use of nanotechnology has also helped formed more efficient alsosustainable
materials such as self-cleaning and self-repairing concrete and window.

Abdullaha et al. (2018) have done improvement in the performance of asphalt mixture; the virgin
asphalt binder needsto be modified with suitable modifiers. There are various types of modifiers
available in market and it is clearly statedand established in most of pavement standard
specification. Nowadays, pavement technologist and researchers had puttheir interests on
nanotechnology and they had found that polymeric Nano composites have shown its
effectivenessthrough the modification of virgin asphalt binder with certain portion of nanomaterial.
In addition, many studies havedemonstrated that nanomaterial have significant effects in improving
the engineering properties of asphalt binder andmixture. Nanotechnology has the potential for
improvements in the field of pavement material and construction in future.In flexible pavement
application, researchers focused on the modification of binder using nanoclay, nano-hydrated
limeand carbon nanoparticles. In general, all nanomaterials have stable in storage and can be
effectively used as a modifier toimprove the physical and rheological properties of virgin asphalt
binders.

Page10
Kaizar Hossain and Shaik Rameeja(2019) researched on Nanotechnology is an extremely wide
term, the definition of which varies from field to field. Most commonly,nanotechnology is defined as
“the understanding, control, and restructuring of matter on the order of nanometres to create materials
with fundamentally new properties and functions”. Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of
individual atoms and molecules, by engineering matter at the atomic level.At the Nano scale, familiar
materials can have dramatically different properties: changes can affect colour, elasticity,strength,
conductivity, and other properties. Nanoparticles also have an increased surface.

Jaison Jeevanandam, Ahmed Barhoum and Michael K Danquah(2020)Nanomaterials (NMs)

have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and
biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized
depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties
of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and
their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable.

Gurjeevan Singh(2021)This review paper look into the present aspects of “Nanotechnology”. It
gives a brief description about Nanotechnology and its application in various fields viz. medicine,
computing, Robotics, food technology and Solar cells etc. It also deals with the future perspectives of
Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has generated diverse awareness and attentions nowadays and
stand as one of the foremost alternative modern clean technologies of the 21st century. In spite of the
essential benefits of nanoscience and technology, Nigeria is yet to key into nanotechnology initiative
and strategy towards improving her socioeconomic development as well as transformation of
important sectors.
Page11
 CHAPTER -3
SCOPE & CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

What is the scope of Nanotechnology?

It has a huge scope in the upcoming generations. It is the third highest booming field when
compared with IT and Internet. In India, Bangalore and Chennai are the manufacturing hub for
IT and Medicine. The Indian government has already started Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
initiatives and various funding agencies like the Department of Science and Technology.

What are the career options for Nanotechnology?

One can find job as nanotechnologists; specialists or scientists. The areas where a
nanotechnologist can seek employment include biotechnology, agriculture, food, genetics,
space research, medicine and so on. Job opportunities are also available in National Physical
Laboratory, Indian Institute of Astrophysics etc.

What are the job roles for Nanotechnology?

 Nanotechnologist

 Scientist

 Researcher

 Professor

 Engineer

 Medical Scientist

 Food Scientist
 Page12

Who can study this course?

1. Candidates with excellent marks in 10+2 examination in science discipline.

2. Candidates with Bachelor's degree in science / biotechnology / nanotechnology.

Industries / Companies / who hire these professionals?

 Electronics / Semiconductor Industry

 Manufacturing Industries

 Biotechnology

 Medical Fields

 Pharmaceuticals

 Environmental

 Universities

 Product based companies (food)

 Research Laboratory

Top Colleges in India offering Nanotechnology?

 Department of Physics, IISc, Bangalore
 Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
 Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
 School of Nano Science and Technology, NIT, Calicut
 Amity Institute of Nano-Technology, Amity University, Noida

Salaries to the Nanotechnology graduates?

Around Rs 20,000/- to Rs 30,000 per month for fresher and Rs 1 lakh per month for experienced
candidates.
 Page13

CHAPTER-4
CONCLUSION

Nanotechnology offers vast amounts of enhancement in the civil engineering field. It has helped to
improve the quality of and solved many issues with building materials such as concrete and steel. The
employ of nanotechnology has also helped created more efficient and sustainable materials such as
self-cleaning and self-repairing concrete and windows. The use of coatings made from
nanotechnology helps improve fire-resistance, corrosion protection, insulation, and countless other
applications. Nanotechnology can even help to pick up the quality and availability of water. As a
possible future civil engineer, this type of technology is of utmost importance to me as we will have
to work with nanotechnology in our future. When looking at all of these innovations and
improvements upon construction and environmental areas, it can be clearly observed that
nanotechnology is of vital importance to the field of civil engineering and needs to be brought into
the engineering curriculum at schools. Nanotechnology is essential to the future and advancement of
civil engineering; however it cannot contribute to the field if it is not taught on a wider level and to
every aspiring
civil engineer.
Page14
 CHAPTER -5
REFERENCES

Alsaffar, K. A.;(2014) “Review Of The Use Of Nanotechnology In

Construction Industry” International Journal Of Engineering
Research And Development.8(10):67-70

Faruk, N. M. A.; Chen, D. H.; Mushota,C.; Muya, M.; and

Walubita, L. F. (2014) “Application Of Nanotechnology In
Pavement Engineering: A Literature Review ” Application Of
Nanotechnology In Pavements, Geological Disasters, And
Foundation Settlement Control Technology GSP 244©ASCE 9-
16

Surinder Mann :- “Nanotechnology &

Construction –Nano Forum Report”.

Nano cement ,steel and construction

industries conference. - http://WWW.NANOCON.SABRYCORP.COM
Page15