2.

1 The Typology of Causative

According to Shibatani,1976; Comrie,1989; Spencer,1991; Jackendoff, 1991 cited in Arka (1993: 8),
there are two types of causative, periphrastic/analytic causative and lexical/morphological causative.
The first type, periphrastic causative is defined as causative of which the construction is biclausals; in
other words, different predicates express the causer and causing events. Therefore, this type is
considered syntactically clause-complex. On the other hand, the morphological causative’s
construction is monoclausal of which the non-causative predicate is modified by an affix. On the
other hand, when the predicate does not have any affix in monoclausal construction, it is considered
as lexical causative.

Semantically, the first type is considered as less direct than morphological or lexical causative as the
causer action provides a later-on effect on the causee. On the other hand, within the morphological/
lexical causative, the causer and the causee interact each other with an event. According to Comrie
(1989), the continuum from analytic via morphological to lexical causatives correlates with the
continuum from less direct to more direct causation. In other words, we can say that it does not
have a clear cut.