CONTRACEPTION

What is Contraception ?
Preventing unwanted pregnancy
What is the contraceptive methods ?
Contraceptive methods are by definition preventive methods to
help women to avoid unwanted pregnancies. This include all
temporary and permanent measures to prevent pregnancy
resulting from coitus.
 Introduction

The term contraception includes the all measures, temporary

or permanent designed to prevent pregnancy due to the coital
act.
Ideal contraceptives methods should be highly effective,
acceptive, safe, cheap, simple to use and requiring the minimal
motivation, supervision, and maintenance.
 Contraceptive effectiveness

The failure rate of any contraceptive is calculated in terms of

pregnancy rate per hundred women years (HWY)of use.
Pregnancy failure rate/HWY =
number of accidental pregnancies 1200
number of patient observed month of use
 Example
If 100 couples have used a method for period of 2 years and have
resulted in 20 pregnancies, calculate the pregnancy rate.
Answer:

20 * 1200 / 100 * 24 = 10

When pregnancy rate is below 10 is considered as higher

effectiveness of any particular method.

If it is 20 or more than 20, it is said to be less effective.

Methods of contraception


Permanent method
 Temporary method

The parents should have their child by choice

To prevent the unwanted pregnancy.

To maintain enough birth spacing between children

Male condom
Female condom
Diaphragm
CERVICAL CAP
 Natural methods

Natural methods of contraception are considered

"natural" because they are not mechanical and not a
result of hormone manipulation.
 Rhythm method
The calendar rhythm method to avoid pregnancy relies upon
calculating a woman's fertile period on the calendar. Based upon
her 12 previous menstrual cycles, a woman subtracts l8 days from
her shortest menstrual cycle to determine her first fertile day, and
11 days from her longest menstrual cycle to determine her last
fertile day. She can then calculate the total number of days during
which she may ovulate. If a woman's menstrual cycles are quite
irregular from month to month, there will be a greater number of
days during which she might become pregnant.

 Basal body
temperature
The basal body temperature (BBT) method is based upon the fact that a
method
woman's temperature drops 12 to 24 hours before an egg is released from
her ovary and then increases again once the egg has been released.
Unfortunately, this temperature difference is not very large. It is less than 1
degree F (about a half-degree C) when the body is at rest.
The basal body temperature method requires that a woman take her
temperature every morning before she gets out of bed. A special
thermometer that is more accurate and sensitive than a typical oral
thermometer must be used, and the daily temperature variations carefully
noted. This must be done every month.
Intra uterine device
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE