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\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B EC@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - 4

6Q-94 AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E

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d spj
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be tfj co`w `c murrjet t` tfj h`tt`g `c tfj pdaj. Qbr- m`eejmt`rs.
bea wfbmf bs e`t pdrt `c tfj mbrmubt rjprjsjetjn bs rjc- ]jmtb`e
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6Q - 94 - 8 6 Q - 9 4 AJEJXDO B E C@X G D^B @E   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

t f d t g d y d p pj pjd r `e t f j v jf jf bm
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MDZ^B@E]   d r j u s j n t ` b e nb m d t j b e c ` r g d t b ` e t f d t (Cba. 4) wfbmf bnjetbcbjs tfj gdbe mbrmubt, pdrt `c tfj
m ` u o n p r j v j e t g d k b e a d e j r r ` r t f d t g d y nd g d a j t f j g d b e mb r mu
mu b t , a d u a j `c w b r j , d e n m`o `r
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bec`rgd
rgd tb`e t` prjv prjvjet
jet pj pjr-
r- rjcjrrbea t` tfj Qbrj M`o`r M`nj Mfdrt (Cba. 8)
s `e
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lu r y d e n v jf jf b mo
mo j n d g d a j . H j o `w
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a j e j r d o w d r e b e a s t f d t s f ` u o n hj c ` o o ` w j n d e y t b g j d
vjfbmoj bs hjbea sjrvbmjn.

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\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B EC@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - =


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

MBXMZB^ BNJE^BCBMD
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mbrmubts be t fj nbd ardgs usj d e dopfd /eugjrbm M ` e e jm
jmt ` r s s f `w`w e b e t f j nb d a r d g s d r j b nje nje t b cbjcbj n
m`nj t ` bnjetbcy t fj w brj d en bts cuem
m`nj cuemtb`e
tb`e (Cba. =). =). ^`
^` u s b e a t f j b e t j r e d t b ` e d o s t d e nd r n d r r ` w s c` r g d o j d e n
bnjetbcy wfbmf mbrmubt m`nj dppobjs t` d systjg, rjcjr c jg
jg d o j t j r g bebe d o s (Cb a . >). D m `e `e e j mt
mt ` r b nje
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bj r b s
t ` t f j M b r mu
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`e e j mt mt ` r
s f ` w s t f j g d b e m b r m u b t s ` e o y d e n n` j s e ` t s f ` w t f j eughjr (Cba. >).
sjm`endry m`njs tfdt gdy dppoy t` s`gj g`njos.

Cba. > M`eejmt`r Bnjetbcbmdtb`e 


C`r vbjwbea m`eejmt`r pbe `uts, wbtf tw` tjrgbedos
`r arjdtjr, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e 6Q-69. ^fbs sjmtb`e bnje-
tbcbjs tfj m`eejmt`r hy eughjr den pr`vbnjs tjrgbedo
e u g hjr
hjr b e a , mb r mu
mu b t b nje
nje t b c bm
bmd t b ` e , w b r j m`o `r
`r s , d e n
cuemtb`es.
Do o m`e e j mt
mt ` r s d r j v b jw
jw j n cr `g `g t f j t j r g be
be d o j e n
ueojss `tfjrw bsj spjmbcbjn.spjmbcbjn. ^` ^` cben tf j m`eejmt`r
m`eejmt`r o`mo`mdd -
tb`e be tfj vjfbm vjfbmoj oj r jcjr t ` sjmtb`e 6Q- 6Q-2929.. ^fbs sjm
sjm--
t b `e
`e u s js
js t f j m`e e j mt mt ` r b nje
nje t b cbm
cbmd t b ` e e u g hjr
hjr cr `g
`g
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s t ` p r ` v b nj d c b a u r j e u g hj r r j c-
jrjemj.

^DKJ @Z^]
^fj dhhrjvbdtb`e ^/@ bs usjn be tfj m` m`gp`
gp`ejet
ejet
o`mdtb`e sjmtb`e t` benbmdtj d p`bet be wfbmf tfj wbr-
bea fdrejss hrdemfjs `ut t` d m`gp`ejet.
Cba. = Mbrmubt Bnjetbcbmdtb`e 
]RGH@O]
Sd r b ` us
us s y g h`o
h`o s d r j u s jn
jn t f r ` ua
ua f `u
`u t t f j Qb r be
be a
Nbdardgs. ^fjsj sygh`os mde hj bnjetbcbjn hy rjcjr-
rbea t` tfj sygh`o bnjetbcbmdtb`e mfdrt (Cba. :).
 

6Q - 94 - > 6 Q - 9 4 AJEJXDO B E C@X G D^B @E   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Cba. : ]ygh`o Bnjetbcbmdtb`e 


 

\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B EC@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - :


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

JOJM^X@]^D^BM NB]MFDXAJ (J]N) ]JE]B^BSJ MDZ^B@E<


MDZ^B@ E< G`s
G`stt `c tfj joj
jojmtr
mtrbmd
bmdoo m`g
m`gp`e
p`ejet
jets
s usj
usjnn
NJSBMJ] be t`n
t`ndy‒s
dy‒s vjfbmoj
vjfbmoj drj s`o
s`obn
bn std
stdtj.
tj. Qfj
Qfje
e mfj
mfjmkb
mkbea
ea
Doo J]N sjesbtbvj m`gp`ejets drj s`obn stdtj den d v`otdajs be tfjsj mbrmubts usj d gjtjr wbtf d 49-gj-
s y g h` o (Cb a . 3 ) b s u s j n t ` b e nb m d t j t f b s . Q f j e f d e - a`fg `r arjdtjr bgpjndemj.
no be
be a d e y m`g p `e `e j e t w b t f t f b s s y g h`
h`o m`g p oy
oy w b t f
•  @ fg
f g gj
g j t jr
jr - Z s jn
jn t ` mf jm
jmk t f j r js
js bs
bs td
t d e mj
mj
tfj c`oo`wbea pr`mjnurjs t` rjnumj tfj p`ssbhbobty `c
hjtwjje tw` p`bets `c d mbrmubt. O`w `r e` rjsbstdemj
j o j m t r ` s t d t b m m f d r a j hu b o n u p ` e t f j h` ny d e n b e d n-
be d mbrm
brmubt
ubt gjdes a`a``n
`n m`etbeubty.
m`etbeubty.
v jr
jr t je
je t n b sm
smf d r a j b e t ` t f j m`g p` p`e je
je t . B c b t b s e `t `t
k e `w`w e w f j t f jr jr t f j p d r t b s J ] N s je je s bt
bt b vj
v j, d s s u gj
gj MDZ^B@E< - G`st `c tfj jojmtrbmdo
MDZ^B@E< jojmtrbmdo m`gp`ejets
m`gp`ejets usjn
tfdt bt bs. be t`n
t`ndy‒
dy‒s
s vjf
vjfbmo
bmoj
j drj ]`ob
]`obn
n ]td
]tdtj.
tj. Qfj
Qfje
e mfj
mfjmkb
mkbea
ea
(4) Dowdys t`umf d ke`we a``n ar`uen hjc`rj fde- rjsb
rjsbst
stde
demj
mj be tftfjs
jsj
j mb
mbrm
rmub
ubts
ts us
usj
j d gjgjtj
tjrr wb
wbtf
tf d
no be
be a t f j p d r t . ^f b s s f ` uo uo n hj r j pjpj d t j n w f b ojoj f d e - 49-gja`fg `r arjdtjr bgpjndemj. Be dnnbtb`e, gdkj
n ob
o b ea
e a t f j p d r t d e n g `r `r j c rj
r j q u je
je t oy
o y d c t jr
jr s obob nb
nb ea
ea surj
su rj tf
tfj
j p`
p`wj
wjrr bs nb
nbsm
sm`e
`eej
ejmt
mtjn
jn cr
cr`g
`g tf
tfj
j mb
mbrm
rmub
ubt.
t.
d m r ` s s d s j d t , s b t t b e a n` w e cr ` g d s t d e nb e a p ` s b t b ` e , Mbrmubts tfdt drj p`wjrjn up hy tfj vjfbmoj jojmtrb-
` r w d o k b e a d nb s t d e m j . mdo systjg mde mdusj ndgdaj t` tfj jqubpgjet den
(8) Dv`bn t`umfbea jojmtrbmdo tjrgbedos `c tfj pdrt, pr`vbnj cdosj rjdnbeas.
ueojss bestrumtjn t` n` s` hy d wrbttje pr`mjnurj.
(=) Qfje
Qfje usbea d v` v`otgjtjr
otgjtjr,, hj surj t` m`eej `eejmmt tfj •   Y r`hbea ^``^``os os - ^fjsj
^fjsj t `` ``osos d rj usjn c`r pr`hbea
ar`uen ojdn cbrst. t j r g be
be d o s b e m`e e j mt mt ` r s (Cb a . 1). ]j o jmjmt t f j p r `p `p jr
jr
(>) N ` e `t `t r jg jg `v `v j t f j p d r t c r `g
`g b t s p r` r `t j mt
mt b vj
vj sbzj t``ot``o cr`cr`g
g ]pjm
]pjmbdo bdo ^`` ``oo Y dmkdaj 36 3691
91,, de n besjrt
pdmkbea uetbo bt bs tbgj t` bestdoo tfj pdrt. b t b e t ` t f j t j r g b e d o hj b e a t j s t j n. Z s j t f j ` t f j r j e n
(:) H j c `r
`r j r jg jg `v `v be
be a t f j p d r t c r `g
`g b t s p d mk mk d a j,j, `c tfj t``o t` besjrt tfj gjtjr pr`hj.
ar`uen tfj pdmkdaj t` d ke`we a``n ar`uen `e tfj
vjfbmoj.

Cba. 1 Yr`hbea ^``o 

Cba. 3 Jojmtr`stdtbm Nbsmfdraj ]ygh`o  BE^JXGB^^JE^ DEN Y@@X M@EEJM^B@E]


G `s
`s t b e t jr
jr g b t t j e t j ojoj mt
mt r b md
md o p r `ho
`ho jg
jg s d r j md u s j n
NBDAE@]B] DEN ^J]^BEA hy cd u o t y j ojoj mt
mt r b md
md o m`e e j mt mt b `e
`e s ` r w b r b e a . B t b s d o s `
p`ssbhoj c`r d stbmkbea m`gp`ejet `r rjody t` mdusj d
^X@ZHOJ]F@@^BEA ^@@O] pr`hoj
pr` hojg. g. H jc`
jc`rjrj m`enj`enjgebea
gebea d m` m`gp`
gp`ejet
ejet `r w brbea
Qfje nbdae`sbea d pr`hojg be de jojmtrbmdo mbrmubt dssjghoy mfjmk tfj c`oo`wbea btjgs.
tfjrj drj sjvjrdo m`gg`e t``os ejmjssdry. ^fjsj t``os •   M`eejmt`rs drj cuooy sjdtjn

drj obstjn den jxpodbejn hjo`w. •   ]p r j d n t j r g b e d o s , ` r t j r g b e d o p u s f ` u t

•   L u g p jr
jr Qb r j - ^f ^f b s b s d t j s t w b r j u s jn jn t ` m`e - •   ^j r g be
be d o s b e t f j w b rb r b ea
e a d s sj
s j g ho
ho y d r j c uo uo oy
oy
e j m t t w ` p ` b e t s ` c d m b r m u b t . B t m d e hj u s j n t ` hy p d s s sjdtjn bet` tfj m` m`eejm
eejmt`r/
t`r/m`m`gp`gp`ejet
ejet de n o` o`mmkjn be
de `pje be d mbrmubt. p`sbtb`e
•   Nbrt `r m`
m`rr`sb
rr`sb`e `e `e tf j tjrgbed os. Dey Dey dg`uet
QDXE
DXEBEA<
BEA< EJS
EJSJX
JX Z]J D LZG
LZGYJX
YJX QBX
QBXJ
J DMX
DMX@]]
@]] `c m`rr`sb`e `r nbrt m`uon mdusj de betjrgbttjet pr`h-
D O@DN, ]ZMF D] D G@^@X, M@EEJM^JN oj g
HJ^QJJE D HD^^JXR CJJN DEN AX@ZEN. •   Nd gd ajn m`eejmt`r/
m` eejmt`r/m` m`gp`ejet
gp`ejet mdsbea jxp jxp`sbea
`sbea
t f j b t j g t ` nb r t d e n g ` b s t u r j

  S`
S`o t g jt
jt j r - Z s j n t ` mf j mk
mk c`
c`rr v `o
`o t d a j `e d mb r - •   Qbrj besuodtb`e tfdt fds ruhhjn tfr`uaf mdusbea
mubt. Dowdys m`eejmt tfj hodmk ojdn t` d ke`we a``n
d sf`rt t` ar`uen
ar`uen den tfj rjn ojdn t` tfj p`sbtbvj sbnj `c tfj
•   Qbrbea hr`kj besbnj `c tfj besuodtb`e
mbrmubt.
 

6Q - 94 - 3 6 Q - 9 4 AJEJXDO B E C@X G D^B @E   \L


NBDAE@]B]
NBDAE@]B] DEN ^J]^
^J]^BEA
BEA (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

^X@ZHOJ]F@@^BEA ^J]^]
H jc`
jc`rj
rj hjabeebea d ey tjsts `e d vjfb vjfbmo
mojsjs jojm
jojmtrbmdo
s y s t jg
jg u s j t f j Qb
Qb r be
be a N b d a r d g s d e n s t u ny t f j mb r -
mubt.
mub t. Dos` rjcjr t` tfj ^r`uh r`uhojs ojsf``
f``tbea
tbea Qbrbea Y r`h-
ojgs sjmtb`e be tfbs sjmtb`e.

^J]^BEA C@X S@O^DAJ 


(4) M ` ee
e e jm
jmt t f j a r `u `u e n o jdjd n `c d v `o `o t g jt
jt j r t ` d
ke`we a``n ar`uen (Cba. 6).
(8 ) M ` e e j m t t f j ` t f j r o j d n ` c t f j v ` o t g j t j r t ` t f j
sjojmtjn tjst p`bet. ^fj vjfbmoj baebtb`e gdy ejjn t`
hj ture jn @E t` mfjmk mfjmk v`otdaj. Xjcjr t` t fj d ppr` ppr`prb-
prb-
dtj tjst pr`mjnurj.

Cba. 2 ^jstbea c`r M`etbeubty 


^J]^BEA C@X D ]F@X^ ^@ AX@ZEN @E 
CZ]J] Y@QJXBEA ]JSJXDO O@DN] 
(4) Xjcjr t` tfj wbrbea nbdardgs den nbsm`eejmt `r
bs`odtj doo btjgs `e tfj cusjn mbrmubt.
(8) Xjpodmj tfj ho`we cusj.
(=) ] u p po
po y p `w
`w j r t ` t f j c us us j h y t u r e be
be a @ E t f j
baebtb`e swbtmf `r rj-m`eejmtbea tfj hdttjry.
(>) ] t d r t m`e e j mt
mt b e a t f j b t jg
jg s b e t f j c u sj
sj mb r mu
mu b t
` e j d t d t b g j . Q f j e t f j cu s j ho ` w s t f j m b r m u b t w b t f
t f j s f `r
`r t t ` a r ` u e n f d s hj
hjjj e b s `o
`o d t j n.

^J]^BEA C@X D S@O^DAJ NX@Y 


Cba. 6 ^jstbea c`r S`otdaj  (4) M ` e e jmjmt t f j p `s`s b t bv
bv j o jd
jd n `c t f j v `o `o t g jt
jt j r t `
tfj sbnj `c tfj mbrmubt mo`sjst t` tfj hdttjry (Cba. 49).
^J]^BEA C@X M@E^BEZB^R  (8 ) M ` e e j m t t f j ` t f j r o j d n ` c t f j v ` o t g j t j r t ` t f j
(4) Xjg`vj
Xjg`vj tfj cusj c`r tfj mb mbrmub
rmubtt hjb
hjbeaea mfjm
fjmkjn
kjn
`tfjr sbnj `c tfj swbtmf `r m`gp`ejet.
`r,, nbsm
`r nbsm`eej
`eejmmt tfj hdt tjry tjry..
(=) @pjrdtj tfj btjg.
(8) M`eejmt `ej ojdn `c tfj `fggjtjr t` `ej sbnj
(>) ^fj v`otgjtjr wboo sf`w tfj nbccjrjemj be v`ot-
`c tfj mbrmubt hjbea tjstjn (Cba. 2).
d a j hj t w j j e t f j t w ` p ` b e t s .
(= ) M ` e e j m t t f j ` t f j r o j d n t ` t f j ` t f j r j e n ` c t f j
mbrmub
mbrmubtt hjb
hjbeaea tjstjn. O`w `r e` rjsbstdemj gjdes a`` a``n n
^X@ZHOJ]F@@^BEA QBXBEA YX@HOJG]
m`etbeubty.
Qf j e t r ` uho uho js
js f ``
``t b e a w b r b e a p r `ho
`ho jg
jg s t f j r j d r j
^J]^BEA C@X D ]F@X^ ^@ AX@ZEN 
s b x s t j p s w f b m f m d e d b n b e t f j p r ` m j nu r j . ^ f j s t j p s
(4) X jgjg `v`v j t f j c usus j d e n n bs bs m`
m`e e jm
jmt d o o b t jgjg s dr j obstjn de n jxp jxpodbejn
odbejn hjohjo`w
`w.. Dowd
Dowd ys mfjmfjmkk c`r e`e-
bev`ovjn wbtf tfj cusj. c d m t ` r y b t j g s d nnj n t ` t f j v j f b m o j hj c ` r j n` b e a d e y
(8) M `e e j mtmt d t j s t o b a f t `r d v `o `o t g jt
jt j r d mr `s
`s s t f j nbdae`sbs. Bc t fj vjfbmoj vjfbmoj bs jqubppjn
jqubppjn w btf tfjsj btjgs,
t j r g be
be d o s `c t f j cu s j.
j. nbsm`eejmt tfjg t` vjrbcy tfjsj dnn-`e btjgs drj e`t
(=) ] t d r t b e a d t t f j c u sjs j h o `m
`mk , w b a a oj
oj t f j w b r be
be a tfj mdusj `c tfj pr`hojg.

f d r e js
js s d h `u
`u t s bx
bx t ` jb afaf t b e mf mf js
js d p d r t d e n w d t m f (4) Sjrbcy tfj pr`hojg.
tf j v`otgjtjr/tjst odg p. (8) SjSj r bcy
bcy d e y r j od od t j n s y g pt
pt ` g s.
s. N` t f b s hy p jr jr -
(>) B c t f j v `o `o t g jt
jt j r r j a bs
bs t j r s v `o
`o t d a j ` r t f j t j s t c `r
`r g b e a `p jr
jr d t b ` e d o mf j mkmk s `e m`g p `e `e j e t s t f d t d r j
odgp ao`ws, tfjrj bs d sf`rt t` ar`uen be tfdt aje- b e t f j s d g j m b r m u b t . X j cj r t ` t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
jrdo drjd `c tfj wbrbea fdrejss.
 

\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B EC@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - 1


NBDAE@]B]
NBDAE@]B] DEN ^J]^
^J]^BEA
BEA (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

(6) M j e t j r t f j f j d t s f r b e k t u hb e a `v jr
jr t f j l`b e t ,
den fjdt usbea d fjdt aue. Fjdt tfj l`bet uetbo tfj
tuhbea bs tbaftoy sjdojn den sjdodet m`gjs `ut `c h`tf
j e ns ` c t f j t u hb e a .
(2) ]jmurj tfj wbrj t` tfj jxbstbea `ejs t` prjvjet
m f d c b e a ` r nd g d a j t ` t f j b e s u o d t b ` e
(49) M`eejmt hdttjry den tjst doo dccjmtjn systjgs.

Cba. 49 ^jstbea c`r S`otdaj Nr`p 


(=) DeDe d o y zj
zj t f j s y gp g p t `g
`g s . Z s j t f j w b r be be a n bdbd -
a r d g s t ` nj t j r g b e j w f d t t f j m b r m u b t b s n` b e a , w f j r j
t f j p r `ho
`ho jg
jg g `s `s t o bkbk jo
jo y b s ` mm
mmu r r b e a d e n w f j r j t f j
nbdae`sbs wboo m`etbeuj.
(>) Bs`odtj tfj pr`hojg drjd.
(:) Xjpdbr tfj pr`hojg.
(3) Sjrbcy pr`pjr `pjrdtb`e. C`r tfbs stjp mfjmk c`r Cba. 44 Qbrj Xjpdbr 
pr`pjr `pjrdtb`e `c doo btjgs `e tfj rjpdbrjn mbrmubt.
X j c j r t ` t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s . ^JXG BEDO/M@
^JXG BEDO/M@EEJM
EEJM^@X
^@X XJY
XJYDBX-G
DBX-G @OJ
@OJV
V
M@EEJM^@X]
(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry.
]JXSBMJ YX@MJNZXJ] (8) Nbsm`eejmt tfj m`eejmt`r cr`g bts gdtbea fdoc/
m`gp`ejet.
QBXB EA XJ
XJYD
YDBX
BX (=) Besjrt tfj tjrgbedo rjojdsbea spjmbdo t``o 31>8
Qfje rjpodmbea `r rjpdbrbea d wbrj, bt bs bgp`rtdet bet` tfj tjrgbedo jen `c tfj m`eejmt`r (Cba. 48).
t f d t t f j m `r
`r r jm
jmt a d u a j h j u s jn
jn d s s f `w `w e b e t f j w b r -
b e a nb d a r d g s . ^ f j w b r j s g u s t d o s ` hj f j o n s j m u r j o y
b e p o d m j t ` p r j v j e t nd g d a j t ` t f j b e s u o d t b ` e .
(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry ejadtbvj mdhoj
(8) Xjg`vj
Xjg`vj 4 bemf `c besuodtb`e cr`g jdmf jen `c
tfj wbrj.
(=) Y o d m j d p bj bj mj
mj `c f j d t s f r b e k t u hb e a `v jr jr `e j
sbnj `c tfj wbrj. Gdkj surj tfj tuhbea wboo hj o`ea
je`uaf t` m`vjr den sjdo tfj jetbrj rjpdbr drjd.
(>) ]prjdn tfj strdens `c tfj wbrj dpdrt `e jdmf
pdrt `c tfj jxp`sjn wbrj (jxdgpoj 4). (Cba. 44)
(:) Y u s f t f j t w ` j en e n s `c w b r j t ` ajaj t fjfj r u e t b o t f j
s t r d e ns ` c w b r j d r j m o ` s j t ` t f j b e s u o d t b ` e (j x d g p o j

8) ((Cba. 44) tfj wbr js t `aj


3) ^wbst
^wbst `ajtfjr
tfjr (jxdgpoj =) (Cba.
(Cba. 44)
(1) ]`onjr tfj m`eejmtb`e t`ajtfjr usbea r`sbe m`rj
typj s`onjr `eoy.   N` e`t usj dmbn m`rj s`onjr.
Cba. 48 G`ojx M`eejmt`r Xjpdbr 
 

6Q - 94 - 6 6 Q - 9 4 AJEJXDO B E C@X G D^B @E   \L


]JXSBMJ
]JXSBMJ YX@M
YX@MJNZXJ
JNZXJ]
] (M`etb
(M`etbeujn)
eujn)

(>) Zsbea spj


spjmmbdo t``
t``oo 31
31>8
>8 rjojdsj
rjojdsj tfj o`
o`mk
mkbea
bea cbe-
ajrs `e tfj tjrgbedo (Cba. 4=).
(:) Yuoo `e tfj wbrj t` rjg`vj bt cr`g tfj m`eejm-
t`r.
(3) Xjpdbr `r rjpodmj tfj m`eejmt`r `r tjrgbedo, ds
ejmjssdry.

Cba. 4: Xjg`vbea Qbrj ^jrgbedo 


(6 ) Y u s f b e t f j s b e a o j o ` m k t d h ` e t f j s b nj ` c t f j
m`eejmt`r (Cba. 43).

Cba. 4= Zsbea ]pjmbdo ^``o 31>8 


^JXG BEDO/M@
^JXG BEDO/M@EEJM
EEJM^@X
^@X XJY
XJYDBX„
DBX„ ^F@GD] DEN
HJ^^] M@EEJM^@X]
(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry.
(8) Nbsm`eejmt tfj m`eejmt`r cr`g bts gdtbea fdoc/
m`gp`ejet.
(=) Y u s f b e t f j t w ` o `m
` mk t d h s `e t f j s b n j `c
`c t f j
m`eejmt`r (Cba. 4>).

Cba. 43 ]beaoj O`mk ^dh 


M@EEJM^@X
M@EEJM^@X XJYODM
XJYODMJGJE^
JGJE^
(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry.
(8) Nbsm`eejmt tfj m`eejmt`r tfdt bs t` hj rjpdbrjn
cr`g bt s gd tbea fd oc/m` m`gp`ejet
gp`ejet
(=) X jgjg `v`v j t f j m`e e jm jmt `r
`r o `m `mk bebe a w j na na j,j, b c
rjqubrjn (Cba. 41)
(>) Y`sbtb`e tfj m`eejmt`r o`mkbea cbeajr dwdy cr`g
tfj tjrgbedo usbea tfj pr`pjr pbmk cr`g spjmbdo t``o
k bt
bt 3369. Y u o o `e t f j w b r j t ` r jg jg `v`v j t f j t j rg r g be
be d o
cr`g tfj m`eejmt`r (Cba. 46) (Cba. 42).
Cba. 4> ^f`gds den Hjtts M`eejmt`r O`mk Xjojdsj  (: ) X j s j t t f j t j r g b e d o o ` m k b e a t d e a , b c b t f d s ` e j .
^dhs  (3 ) B e s j r t t f j r j g ` v j n w b r j b e t f j s d g j m d v b t y ` e
tfj rjpdbr m`eejmt`r.
(>) Besjrt tfj pr` pr`hj hj jen `c spjmbdo
spjmbdo t`` t``oo 32
32= => bet `
(1) Xjpjdt stjps c`ur tfr`uaf sbx c`r jdmf wbrj be
tfj hdmk `c tfj m`eejmt`r mdvbty (Cba. 4:).
(:) A r d s p t f j w br b r j d e n t ````o 32=> d e n s o` o `w o y t f j m ` e e j m t ` r , hj b e a s u r j t f d t d o o w b r j s d r j b e s j r t j n
bet` t fj pr`pjr
pr`pjr mdvbtbj
mdvbtbjs. s. C `r d nnbtb`edo m`eejmt`m`eejmt`rr pbe-
rjg`vj tfj wbrj den tjrgbedo cr`g tfj m`eejmt`r.
`u t b nje
nje t b c bm
bmd t b ` e , r j cjr
cjr t ` t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
(3) Xjpdbr `r rjpodmj tfj tjrgbedo.
(6) B e s jr
jr t t f j m`e e j mt mt ` r o `m
`mk be
be a w j na j b e t ` t f j
(1 ) B e s t d o o t f j w b r j d e n t j r g b e d o b e t f j m ` e e j m t ` r .
rjpdbrjn m`eejmt`r, bc rjqubrjn.
Cuooy sjdt tfj tjrgbedo be tfj m`eejmt`r.
 

\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B EC@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - 2


]JXSBMJ
]JXSBMJ YX@M
YX@MJNZXJ
JNZXJ]
] (M`etb
(M`etbeujn)
eujn)

M@EEJM^@X DEN ^JXGBEDO XJYODMJGJE^


(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry.
(8) N bs
b s m`
m`e ej
e j mt t f j m`e ej e jmt `r
`r (t f d t b s t ` h j
rjpdbrjn) cr`g bt s g d tbea fd oc/m` m`gp`ejet.
gp`ejet.
(=) M u t `cc t f j j x bs bs t b e a w b r j m `e
`e e j mt
mt ` r nb r j mt
mt o y
hjfben tfj besuodt`r. Xjg`vj sbx bemfjs `c tdpj cr`g
tfj fdrejss.

4/8(>bemf
) ] t betd a ajrvd
jr mosu t(Cba
jr d o o . w89
b r)j. s `e
89) `e t f j f d r e js
js s s bn
bn j d t
(:) Xjg`
Xjg`vj vj 4 bemfbemf `c `c besuodtb`e cr`g jdmf wbrj `e
t f j f d r e j s s s b nj .
(3) ] t d a a jr
jr mu t t f j g d t mf m f b ea
ea w b r js
js `e t f j r jp jp d br
br
m`eejm
m` eejmt`r
t`r d ssjssjghoy
ghoy be tfj `p `pp`p`sbtj
sbtj `rnjr d s w ds n`ej
`e tfj fdrejss sbnj `c tfj rjpdbr. Doo`w jxtrd ojeatf
c `r
`r s `o`o n jr
jr jn
jn m`e e jm jmt b `e
`e s . M f jm jmk t f d t t f j `v jr jr d o o
o je
je a t f b s t f j s d g j d s t f j `r b a be be d o (Cb a . 8 9)
9).
Cba. 41 M`eejmt`r O`mkbea Qjnaj 
(2) M`eejm
M`eejmtt m`
m`eejm
eejmt`r
t`r t` bts gdt bea fd oc/m`
m`gp`
gp`--
ejet.
(49) M`eejmt hdttjry den tjst doo dccjmtjn systjgs.

Cba. 89 ]tdaajr Muttbea Qbrjs 


(1) Xjg`vj 4 bemf `c besuodtb`e cr`g jdmf wbrj.
(6) Y o d mj d p bj bj mj
mj ` c f jd
jd t s f r be
be k t u hb e a ` v jr
jr ` e j
s bn
bn j ` c t f j w b rj
r j . H j s ur
ur j t f j t u hb
hb ea
ea w b oooo h j o `e
`e a
Cba. 46 ^jrgbedo Xjg`vdo  je`uaf t` m`vjr den sjdo tfj jetbrj rjpdbr drjd.
(2) ]prjdn tfj strdens `c tfj wbrj dpdrt `e jdmf
pdrt `c tfj jxp`sjn wbrjs.
(49) Y u s f t f j t w ` j e ns `c `c w b r j t ` aj
aj t f jrjr u e t b o t f j
s t r d e ns ` c w b r j d r j m o ` s j t ` t f j b e s u o d t b ` e .
(44) ^w bst tf j w brjs t `aj `ajtfjr.
tfjr.
(48) ]` onj onj r t f j m`e e j mt mt b `e
`e t ` aj
aj t f jr
jr u s be be a r `s
`s b e
m`rj typj s`onjr `eoy.  N` e`t usj dmbn m`rj s`onjr.
(4=) M j e t jr jr t f j f j d t s f r b e k t u hbe
hbe a ` v jr jr t f j l`b
l`b e t
den fjdt usbea d fjdt aue. Fjdt tfj l`bet uetbo tfj
tuhbea bs tbaftoy sjdojn den sjdodet m`gjs `ut `c h`tf
j e ns ` c t f j t u hb e a
(4>) Xjp Xjpjdtjdt stjps 6 tfr`uaf tfr`uaf 4= c` c`r jdmf w brj.
(4:
4:)) Xj-
Xj-tdtd pj tf j w brj f d rejss std rt bea 4- 4-4/4/8 bemfjs
hjfben tfj m`eejmt`r den 8 bemfjs pdst tfj rjpdbr.
(43) Xj-m`eejmt tfj rjpdbrjn m`eejmt`r.
(41) M`eejm
M`eejmtt tf j hdtt jry jry,, den t jst doo dccjmtjn dccjmtjn sys-
tjgs.

Cba. 42 ^jrgbedo Xjg`vdo Zsbea ]pjmbdo ^``o 


 

6Q - 94 - 49 6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B E C@X G D^B @E   \L


]JXSBMJ
]JXSBMJ YX@M
YX@MJNZXJ
JNZXJ]
] (M`etb
(M`etbeujn)
eujn)

^JXG BEDO XJYOD


^JXG XJYODMJ
MJG
G JE^
(4) Nbsm`eejmt hdttjry.
(8) Nbsm`
Nbsm`eejm
eejmtt tfj m`eej
`eejmmt`r hjbea rjpdbrjn cr`g
bts gdt bea f doc. Xjg`
Xjg`vj
vj m`eejm
m`eejmt`r
t`r o`mkbea
o`mkbea w jnaj
jnaj,, bc
rjqubrjn (Cba. 84).
(=) Xjg`
Xjg`vj
vj m`eejm
m`eejmt`r
t`r o`mkbea
o`mkbea w jnaj
jnaj,, bc rjqubrjn
(Cba. 84).

Cba. 8= ^jrgbedo Xjg`vdo Zsbea ]pjmbdo ^``o 


(:) M u t t f j w b r j 3 b e mf mf js
js c r`r `g t f j h d mk m k `c t f j
m`eejmt`r.
(3) X j g` g`v j 4 b e mf mf `c b e s u o d t b `e`e cr `g `g t f j w b r j `e `e
t f j f d r e j s s s b nj .
(1) ]j o jm
jmt d w b r j cr ` g t f j t j r g be be d o r j pd
pd b r d s s j g -
hoy tfdt hjst gdtmfjs tfj m`o`r wbrj hjbea rjpdbrjn.
Cba. 84 M`eejmt`r O`mkbea Qjnaj ^dh (^ypbmdo)  (6) M u t t f j r j pd pd b r w b rj
r j t ` t f j p r `p `p jr
jr o jeje a t f d e n
rjg`vj 4 bemf `c besuodtb`e.
(>) Y ` sbs b t b`
b`e t f j m`e e jm
jmt `r
`r o `m
`mk be
be a c be
be a jr
jr d w d y
(2) Y o d mj d p bj bj mj
mj ` c f jd jd t s f r be be k t u hb e a ` v jr jr ` e j
cr`g tfj tjrgbedo usbea tfj pr`pjr pbmk cr`g spjmbdo
sbnj `c tfj wbrj. Gdkj surj tfj tuhbea wboo hj o`ea
t``oo kbt 33
t`` 3369
69.. Y uoo `e tfj wbrj t ` rjg`vj
rjg`vj tfj t jrgbedo
je`uaf t` m`vjr den sjdo tfj jetbrj rjpdbr drjd.
cr`g tfj m`eejmt`r (Cba. 88) (Cba. 8=).
(49) ]p r jd jd n t f j s t r d e ns ` c t f j w b r j d p d r t `e j d m f
pdrt `c tfj jxp`sjn wbrjs.
(44) ]p r jd jd n t f j s t r d e ns ` c t f j w b r j d p d r t ` e j d m f
pdrt `c tfj jxp`sjn wbrjs.
(48) Y u s f t f j t w ` j e ns `c `c w b r j t ` aj aj t f jr
jr u e t b o t f j
s t r d e ns ` c w b r j d r j m o ` s j t ` t f j b e s u o d t b ` e .
(4=
4=)) ^w bst tf j w brjs t `aj `ajtftf jr
jr..
(4>) ]` onj onj r t f j m`e e j mt mt b `e
`e t ` aj aj t f jr
jr u s bebe a r `s
`s b e

m`rj(4:typj
) M j s`onjr
jr t f`eoy.
e t jr j f j N`
d t s fe`t
r b e kusj dmbn
t u hb e a `m`rj
jr t fs`onjr.
v jr j l`b e t
den fjdt usbea d fjdt aue. Fjdt tfj l`bet uetbo tfj
tuhbea bs tbaftoy sjdojn den sjdodet m`gjs `ut `c h`tf
j e ns ` c t f j t u hb e a .
(43) Besjrt tfj rjpdbrjn wbrj bet` tfj m`eejmt`r.
(41) B e st
s t d o o t f j m`e e jm jmt `r`r o `m`mk be
be a w j na na j,
j, b c
r j q u br
br j n, d e n r j m` m`e e j mt
mt t f j m`e e j mt mt ` r t ` b t s g d t b e a
fd oc/m`gp`ejet .
Cba. 88 ^jrgbedo Xjg`vdo  (46
46)) Xj-
Xj-tdtd pj tf j w brj f d rejss std rt bea 4- 4-4/
4/8 bemfjs
hjfben tfj m`eejmt`r den 8 bemfjs pdst tfj rjpdbr.
(42) M`eejmt hdttjry, den tjst doo dccjmtjn systjgs.
 

\L   6 Q - 9 4 AJE JX DO B E C@X G D^B @E 6Q - 94 - 44


]JXSBMJ
]JXSBMJ YX@M
YX@MJNZXJ
JNZXJ]
] (M`etb
(M`etbeujn)
eujn)

NB@NJ XJYODMJGJE^ ]YJMBDO ^@@O]


(4) Nbsm`eejmt tfj hdttjry.
(8) O ` md
md t j t f j n b `n
`n j b e t f j f d r e js
js s,
s , d e n r jg
jg `v
`v j QBXBEA/^JXGBEDO
tfj pr`tjmtbvj m`vjrbea.
(=) Xjg`vj tfj nb`nj cr`g tfj fdrejss, pdy dttje-
tb`e t ` t fj murrj
murrjetet co`
co`ww nbrjm
nbrjmtb`e
tb`e (Cba. 8> 8>)).

Yr`hbea ^``o Ydmkdaj 3691 

Cba. 8> Nb`nj Bnjetbcbmdtb`e 


(>) X j g `v `v j t f j b e s uo
uo d t b `e
`e cr `g`g t f j w b r j s b e t f j
fdrejss. @eoy rjg`vj je`uaf besuodtb`e t` s`onjr be
tfj ejw nb`nj.
(:) B e s t d o o t f j e jw
jw n b`
b `n j b e t f j f d r e js js s,
s , g d k be
be a
surj murrjet co`w bs m`rrjmt. Bc ejmjssdry rjcjr t` tfj
dppr`prbdtj wbrbea nbdardg c`r murrjet co`w.
(3) ]`onjr tfj m`eejmtb`e t`ajtfjr usbea r`sbe m`rj ^jrgbedo Ybmk 3369 
typj s`onjr `eoy.   N` e`t usj dmbn m`rj s`onjr.
(1) ^dpj
^dpj tfj nb` nb`nj
nj t ` tf j f dre jss usbea joj jojmmtrbmdo
t d p j g d k beb e a , s u rj
rj t f j n b` b `n j b s m`g po po jt
jt j oy
oy s jd
jd o jn
jn
cr`g tfj jojgjets.
(6) X j -m
-m`e e j mt mt t f j hd t t j r y,
y, d e n t j s t d cc j mt
mt j n s y s -
tjgs.

^jrgbedo Xjg`vbea ^``o 32=8 

^jrgbedo Xjg`vbea ^``o 32=> 


 

\L   6 Q - 9 8 M@G Y@E JE ^ B E N JV 6Q - 98 - 4

6Q-98 M@GY@EJE^ BENJV

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^fbs sjmtb`e pr`vbnjs de dopfdhjtbmdo obstbea `c doo

tf
`ejsystjg
m`gp`ejets
m`gp`ejets m`vjrjn
m`
`pjrdtb`e, vjrjnrjcjrbe ar`up
t` tfj 6Q. C `r bec`rgd
dppr`prbdtj tb`e
sjmtb`e
` c t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

\L   6 Q - 4 4 Y@Q JX N B ]^X B HZ ^B @E 6Q - 44 - 4

6Q-44 Y@QJX NB]^XBHZ^B@E

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^fbs sjm
sjmtb`e
tb`e m`
m`vjrs
vjrs tfj p`
p`wjr
wjr nbstrbhutb`
nbstrbhutb`e
e mj
mjetjr
etjr

den
gdtb`e doo mbrmubts
`e systjg bev`ovjn wbtf rjcjr
`pjrdtb`e, bt. C`r
t` dnnbtb`edo bec`r-
tfj dppr`prbdtj
s jm
jmt b `e
`e `c t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry,
ry, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - 4 8 LZ E M^B @E HO@MK 6Q - 48 - 4

6Q-48 LZEM^B@E HO@MK

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^f b s s jm
jmt b `e
`e m`v jr
jr s t f j b e t j r ed
ed o mb r mu
mu b t r y `c t f j

luemtb`e ho`mk. C`r dnnbtb`edo bec`rgdtb`e `e systjg


` p j r d t b ` e , r j cj r t ` t f j d p p r ` p r b d t j a r ` u p ` c t f j w b r -
b e a nb d a r d g s . Ar ` u p 9 8 o b s t s m ` g p ` e j e t s d e n m ` r r j -
sp`enbea wbrbea nbdardg ar`ups.
 

\L   6 Q - 4 : AX @Z E N N B ]^X B HZ ^B @E 6Q - 4: - 4

6Q-4: AX@ZEN NB]^XBHZ^B@E

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^f b s s jm
jmt b `e
`e b nje
nje t b cbj
cbj s t f j a r `u
`u e ns , s p ob
ob mj
mj s t f d t
m`e e j mt
mt t ` t f ` sjsj a r `u
`u e ns , d e n t f j m`g p `e `e j e t s t f d t
m`eejmt tf`sj ar`uens. C`r dnnbtb`edo bec`rgdtb`e `e
systjg `pjrdtb`e, rjcjr t` tfj dppr`prbdtj sjmtb`e `c
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s . C` r d e b o o u s t r d t b ` e ` c t f j p f y s -
bmdo o`mdtb`e `c jdmf ar`uen, rjcjr t` ar`up 6Q-29.
 

\L   6 Q - 8 9 MF DX AB E A ]R ]^JG 6Q - 89 - 4
4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

6Q-89 MFDXABEA ]R]^JG

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E jrdt`r cbj


cbjon
on `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt K89
K89.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt K89 m`eej
m`eejmts
mts t `
YMG mdvbty H49.
MFDXABEA ]R]^JG Qfje tfj jeabej `pjrdtjs den tfjrj bs murrjet be
^ f j m f d r a b e a s y s t j g b s d e b e t j a r d o p d r t ` c t f j hd t - tfj ajejrdt`r cbjon,
cbjon, tfj ajejrdt `r pr`numj
pr`numjss d H + v`
v`ot-
ot-
tjry den stdrtbea systjgs. Hjmdusj doo tfjsj systjgs daj. ^fj
^fj ajejrd
ajejrd t`r suppobj
suppobjss H + v`
v`otd
otd aj t` tfj hdt tjry
w`rk be m` m`eluem
eluemtb`e,tb`e, nbdae`sj de n tjst tfjg t`aj t`ajtfjr.
tfjr. tfr`uaf tfj D44 den D9 mbrmbrmubts.
ubts.
Mbrmubt D44 m`eejmts t` tfj ajejrdt`r `utput tjrgb-
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
edo den tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM). Mbrmubt
D 9 m ` e e j m t s t f j hd t t j r y t ` t f j Y NM . M b r m u b t \9 p r ` - •   M b r mu
mu b t D84 p d s s js js t f r ` ua
ua f t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk
vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj ajejrdt`r. hj c` r j r j d m f b e a c u s j 4 6 b e t f j Y NM .
•   ^f
^f j D]ND]N r j od od y s u pppp ob
ob js
js hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j c `r
`r t f j
Qfje t fj baebt b` b`ee sw btmf bs be jbtfjr t fj ] ^DX^ `r
XZE p`sbtb`es, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be c u jo
jo b e ljlj mt
mt ` r s,
s, b a e bt
bt b `e
`e m`b o , d e n t f j f j d t j n `x y a je je
tfj Y NM t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D84. Mbrmubt D84 D84 p`wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt sjes`rs.
C22 tfr`uaf cusj 46 be tfj YNM. Mbrmubt C22 spobmjs
t ` s u pp
pp oy
oy mu r r jeje t t ` t f j m`b o s b nj nj `c t f j D ut ut ` g d t b m ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
] f u t N `w
` w e (D] N ) r jo jo d y.
y. ^f j Y ` w jr jr t r d b e M `e `e t r `o
`o
G`nuoj (YMG) pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody `e mbr- QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mubt K299. Mbrmubt K299 m`eejmts t` mdvbty M= `c tfj ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
YMG.
Qf j e t f j Y M G a r `u `u e ns t f j D]ND]N r j od od y , m `e
`e t d m t s tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
besbnj tfj rjody mo`sj den m`eejmt mbrmubt C: cr`g tfj 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
cu s j 8 9 b e t f j Y N M t ` mb r mu mu b t D4>8. M b r mu mu b t D4>8 t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
spobmjs t` tfj ajejrdt`r cbjon tjrgbedo.
^f j Y M G f d s d e b e t jr jr e d o v `o
`o t d a j r j au
au odod t ` r t f d t
m`etr`os
m` etr`os ajejrdt`r `utput. ^fj Y MG m` m`etr`os
etr`os tf j aje-
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - 8 4 ] ^DX^B E A ]R ]^JG 6Q - 84 - 4

6Q-84 ]^DX^BEA ]R]^JG

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E s u pp


pp ob
ob jn
jn hy t f j md s j a r `u `u e njn
njn Y DXDX K/EJ Z ^X ^X DO
DO
p`sbtb`e swbtmf. Mbrmubt ^>4 m`eejmts tfj m`bo sbnj `c
]^DX^BEA ]R]^JG tfj rjody t` t fj YDXK/EJZ ^XD XDO O p`sbtb`e sw btmf.
M b r mu
mu b t D 9 c r `g
`g t f j hd t t j r y b s n` u hoj hoj mr b g pj pj n d t Qf jeje t f j s t d r t j r g `t
`t `r
` r r jo
jo d y j ej
ej ra
r a bz
bz js
js d e n t f j
t f j p `s`s b t bv
bv j hd t t j r y p `s
`s t . @ e j hr d e m f `c mb r mu mu b t D9 m`etdmts mo`sj, mbrmubt ^>9 suppobjs hdttjry v`otdaj t`
(hdt tjry p` p`sbtbvj
sbtbvj mdhoj)
mdhoj) m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` t fj jeabej st drt jr t f j s t d r t j r g ` t ` r s ` o j e ` b n. M b r m u b t D 9 c r ` g t f j hd t -
g`t`r.
g`t` r. ^fj
^fj `tfjr D9 D9 hrd emf suppobjs suppobjs v`otdaj t` tfj tjry suppobjs v`otdaj t` tfj stdrtjr g`t`r wfje tfj
Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM). s`oje`bn
s`o je`bn jejrabzjs.
Mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj YNM suppobjs hdttjry
v `o
`o t d aj
a j t ` t f j m`e t d mt mt s bn bn j `c t f j j e ab a b ej
e j s t d r t jr
jr
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
g`t`r rjody. Qfje tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj jeabej stdrtjr
g`t`r rjody jejrabzjs, tfj m`etdmts mo`sj den m`eejmt
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt ^>9. Mbrmubt ^>9 suppobjs hdttjry
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
v`otdaj t` tfj stdrtjr g`t`r s`oje`bn.
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
^fj baebtb`e swbtmf suppobjs hdttjry v`otdaj t` tfj
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
m`b o s b nj
nj `c t f j s t d r t j r g `t `t ` r r j od
od y `e mb r mu mu b t D >4
>4
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
w f j e t f j k jy jy b s g `v `v jn
jn t ` t f j ]^ ]^DDX ^ p` p`s b t b`
b `e d e n
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
t f j Y DX DX K /E J Z ^X ^X DO DO p `s `s bt
bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf b s mo `s `s jn
jn .

Ar ` u e n c ` r t f j m ` b o s b nj ` c t f j s t d r t j r g ` t ` r r j o d y b s
 

\L   6 Q - = 9 CZ JO/ B AE B ^B @E ]R]^JG ] 6Q - =9 - 4

6Q-=9 CZJO/BAEB^B@E ]R]^JG]

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E CZJO YZG


CZJO YZGY Y XJOD
XJODR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
DZ^@GD
DZ^ @GD^BM
^BM ]FZ^
]FZ^ N@QE (D]N) (D]N) XJODR
XJODR . . . . . . . 4 AX@Z
AX @ZENEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
HD^^
HD^^JX
JXRR CJJN
CJJN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 FJD
FJ D^J
^JNN @VRAJE
@VRAJE ]JE ]JE]@X]@X] ] ...... ..... .... 8
HD^^J
HD^^JXRXR ^JGY
^JGYJXD JXD^ZX ^ZXJ J ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . . . . . . . . . . 8 BNOJ
BNOJ DBX
DBX M@E^
M@E^X@ X@O O (BDM
(BDM)) G@^@X
G@^@X . . . . . . . . . . . :
MDG]FD
MDG ]FDC^
C^ Y@]B^
Y@]B^B@E B@E ]JE]@
]JE]@X X ............. = BAEB
BAEB^B
^B@E
@E M@B
M@BO O .......................... :
MMN
MM N HZ]
HZ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : BAEB
BAEB^B
^B@E
@E ]QB^
]QB^MF MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
MXDEK]F
MXDE K]FDC^
DC^ Y@]B^
Y@]B^B@E B@E ]JE]@
]JE]@X X ...... ..... = BE^DKJ
BE^DKJ DBX ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ ^ZXJ ]JE]@X . . . . . . . . . >
ND^
ND ^D OBEK
OBEK M@EEJ
M@EEJM^ M^@X@X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 GDEBC@ON
GDEBC @ON DH]@OZ^
DH]@OZ^J J YXJ]]ZXJ
YXJ]]ZXJ ]JE]@X . . . >
NZ^R
NZ^ R MRMOJ
MRMOJ JSDY_
JSDY_YZXA YZXAJ J ]@OJE@BN
]@OJE@BN . . . . . . . : @BO
@BO YXJ]
YXJ]]Z]ZXJXJ ]JE]
]JE]@X @X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >
JEABEJ M@@ODE^
M@@ODE^ ^JGYJXD ^JGYJXD^ZXJ ^ZXJ ]JE]@X . . . = ^FX@
^F X@^^
^^OJ
OJ Y@]B
Y@]B^B ^B@E
@E ]JE]
]JE]@X @X . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
JSDY@XD^BSJ ]R]^JG OJDK NJ^JM^B@E SJFB
SJ FBMO
MOJJ ]YJJN
]YJJN ]JE] ]JE]@X @X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
YZGY
YZ GY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
CZJO
CZ JO BEL
BELJM^
JM^@X @X] ] ........................ > QBXB
QB XBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. :
CZJO
CZ JO YZG
YZGY Y G@NZ
G@NZOJ OJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Betjredo t` tfj YMG, tfj ar`uen mbrmubt m`eejmts t`
tfj YMG sjes`r rjture mbrmubt (cr`g mbrmubt K>).
BAEB^B@E ]QB^MF
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
M b r mu
mu b t D 4 c r `g
`g cu sj sj 6 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu
hu t b `e
`e
•   Bc tfj systjg o`sjs ar`uen c`r tfj \48 mbrmubts,
Mjetjr (Y NM ) p`wjrs p`wjrs c` c`ur
ur nbccj
nbccjrjet
rjet mb mbrmub
rmubts
ts tfr`uaf
t f j b a e bt
bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf . Qf j e t f j b a e bt
bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf b s b e tfj vjfbmoj wboo e`t `pjrdtj. Mfjmk tfj m`eejmtb`e dt
tf j ] ^DX^ `r `r XZ E p` p`sbtb`e,
sbtb`e, bt m`
m`eejmts
eejmts mbrmmbrmubt
ubt D4 t` tfj adeajn-ar`uen mbrmubt jyjojt.
mbrmubt D84.
B e t f j D M M J ]]@ X R ` r X Z E p ` s b t b ` e , t f j b a e b t b ` e ND^D
ND^D OB EK M@EEJM
M@EEJM^@X
^@X
swbtmf m` m`eejm
eejmtsts t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D=4
=4.. Be tfj ]^ ]^DDX^ p`sb-
p`sb- Mbrmubt D8:
Mbrmubt 8:9 9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj Y `wjr N bstrbhu-
tb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt tb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C1: tfr`uaf cusj 1
D>4. Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t C1 : s u p po po bj
bj s hd t t j r y
bt m`
m`eejmts
eejmts mbrm mbrmubt
ubt D4 t ` mbrmubt D88. D88. v`otdaj t` tfj ndtd obek m`eejmt`r.
M b r mu
mu bt
b t N 6>
6 > m`e e jm
jmt s t ` md v b t y M 82 8 2 `c t f j Y M G .
Do s ` b e t f j ]^ ]^DDX ^ p `s `s b t b`
b`e , t f j md s j a r `u
`u e njn
njn M b r m u b t N6 > b s t f j ]M B t r d e s g b t m b r m u b t c` r t f j Y ` w -
b ae
ae b t b`
b`e s w b t mf
mf a r `u
`u e n s mb r mu
mu bt
b t A 2 c r `g
`g t f j h r d k j
wdrebea swbtmf. jrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG). Mbrmubt N6= m`eejmts
t` mdvbty M81 `c tfj YMG den mdvbty D= `c tfj M`e-
HD^^JXR CJJN t r `o
`o oj
oj r-
r- DeDe t b O `m
`mk H r d k js
js . M b r mu
mu bt
b t N 6= 6= b s t f j ] M B
M b r m u b t C: cr ` g cu s j 8 9 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e rjmjbvj mbrmubt c`r tfj YMG.
M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) s u p po
po bj
bj s hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` md v b t y D88 Mbrmubts N26 den N22 cr`g tfj spjjn pr`p`rtb`edo
`c tfj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG). Mbrmubt D1 stjjrbea g`nuoj m`eejmt t` tfj ndtd obek m`eejmt`r.
c r`
r `g Y N M c us us j 4 : d o s`
s` p `w
`w j rsr s t f j Y N M d t md v bt bt y Mbrmubts \4 den \8 pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj ndtd obek
D4>. m`eejmt`r.

FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  DZ^@GD^BM ]FZ^ N@QE (D]N) XJODR


Mbrmubt C: dos` suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj m`etdmt sbnjs Qfje t fj baebt b`e swbt mf bs be jbtfjr t fj ] ^DX^ `r
`c tfj Dut`gdtbm ]fut N`we (D]N) rjody. XZ E p`
p`sbtb`
sbtb`e,
e, bt m`eej
`eejmmts mbrm
brmubt
ubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be
tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84.

AX@ZEN
Mbrmubt \48m`eejmts t` mdvbtbjs D=4 den D=8 `c tfj
Mbrmubt D84 p`wjrs mbrmubt
Mbrmubt mbrmubt C22 tfr`uaf Y NM cusj 46.
Mbrmubt C22 cjjns tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj Dut`gdtbm ]fut
46.

YMG. ^fj \48 mbrmubt pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r YMG betjr- N` w e (D]N) r j od
od y . ^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j
edo nrbvjrs tfdt `pjrdtj fbaf murrjet njvbmjs obkj tfj (Y MG) pr`vbnj
pr`vbnjss ar`uen c`r tfj rjody `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt K29
K299
9.
beljmt`rs den baebtb`e m`bo. Mbrmubt K299 m`eejmts t` mdvbty M= `c tfj YMG.

6Q - =9 - 8 6 Q - = 9 CZ JO/ B AEB ^B @E ]R]^JG ]   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Qf j e t f j Y M G a r `u `u e ns t f j D]ND]N r j odod y , m `e
`e t d m t s Mbrmubt A1 cr`g tfj vjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r pr`vbnjs
b e s bnj
bnj t f j r j od
od y mo `s
`s j d e n m`e e j mtmt mb r mu
mu b t C: cr `g `g d e b e pu
pu t s b ae
ae d o t ` t f j Y M G . ^f
^f j A 1 m br
br mu
mu b t m`e e j mt
mt s
cu s j 8 9 b e t f j Y N M t ` mb r mu mu b t D4>8. M b r mu mu b t D4>8 t` mdvbty H81 `c tfj YMG.
spobmjs t` tfj ajejrdt`r cbjon tjrgbedo, cujo beljmt`rs, ^fj Y MG pr` pr`vbnj
vbnjss d ar`uen c`r t fj vjfb vjfbmo moj
j spjjn
spjjn
b ae
ae bt
b t b `e
`e m`b o d e n t f j u ps ps t rj
r j d g d e n n `w `w e s t rj
rjd g sjes`r sbaedo (mbrmubt A1) tfr`uaf mbrmubt K>. Mbrmubt
fjdtjn `xyaje sjes`rs. Mbrmubt D4>8 dos` m`eejmts t` K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG.
mdvbty M48 `c tfj YMG.
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos
Do`ea wbtf suppoybea v`otdaj t` tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj cr`g tfj c`oo`wbea<
D]N r j od
od y , m b r mu
mu b t C2 2 d o s ` s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j •   Fjdtjn `xyaje sjes`r

m`bo sbnj `c tfj cujo pugp rjody. •   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

CZJO YZGY XJODR •   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r

Qfje t fj baebt b` b`e


e sw btmf bs be jbtfjr t fj ] ^DX^ `r •   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r

XZE p`sbtb`es, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be •   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. •   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

Mbrmubtt D84 p`wjrs


Mbrmub p`wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt C22 tfr`uaf Y NM cusj 46. 46.
Mbrmubtt C22 suppobj
Mbrmub suppobjss hdt tjry v` v`otd
otd aj t ` tfj m`
m`bobo sbnj `c FJD^JN @VRAJE ]JE]@X]
tfj cujo pugp rjody. ^fj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj Qf j e t f j D u t `g `g d t b m ]f u t N` w e (D]N) r j od o d y m `e -
(YMG) pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody `e mbrmubt K64. t d m t s mo `s
`s j,
j, mb r mu
mu b t D4>8 s u pp pp ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j
Mbrmubt K64 m`eejmts t` mdvbty M42 `c tfj YMG. u p st
st r j d g d e n n`n`ww e s t r j d g f j d t j n `x y aj
aj e s j e s `r `r s .
Q f j e t f j Y M G a r ` u e ns t f j cu j o p u g p r j o d y , m ` e - M b r mu
mu b t K> 4 njo
njo bv
bv jr
jr s t f j s b ae
ae d o cr `g
`g t f j u p st st r j d g
td mts besbnj tfj rjody mo mo`s
`sjj d en m`eej`eejmmt mbrm
brmubtubt D34
D34 fjdtjn `xyaje sjes`r t` tfj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`n-
cr`g cusj 43 be tfj YNM t` mbrmubt D3>. Mbrmubt D3> uoj (YMG). Mbrmubt K>4 m`eejm m`eejmts ts t` mdvbty D8> D8> `c t fj
cjj
cjj ns t f j c u jo
jo p u g p g `t
`t ` r (pd
(pd r t `c t f j b e -t
-t d e k cu jojo Y M G . M b rm rmu bt
bt K 4>4>4 s up up p ob
ob js
js t f j s baba e d o c r`
r `g t f j
pugp g`nuoj)
g`nuoj).. n` w e s t r j d g f j d t j n ` x y a j e s j e s ` r t ` t f j Y M G . M b r -
mubt K4>4 m`eejmts t` YMG mdvbty D8:.
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  ^fj YMG pr`vbnjs d ar`uen c`r tfj fjdtjn `xyaje
M b r mu
mu b t C2 2 d o s ` p ` w jr
jr s t f j m`b o s b nj
nj `c t f j Du t ` - sjes`rr sbaedos (mb
sjes` mbrmub
rmubts ts K>4 d en K4> K4>4)4) tfr`uaf
tfr`uaf mb mbr-
r-
g d t b m ] f u t N` w e (D]N) r j od od y . mubt K>. Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG
m`eejmt`r.
CZJO YZGY G@NZOJ Mbrmubtt \4
Mbrmub \488 pr`vbnjs
pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr tfj fjdtjr mb mbrmub
rmubtt
^f j b e -t
-t d e k c u jo
jo p u gp
gp g `nu
`nu o j m `e
`e t d b e s t f j cu jo
jo be jdmf sjes`r.
pugp g`t`r den cujo ojvjo sjes`r.
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
CZJO YZGY G@^@X 
Qfje tfj cujo pugp rjody m`etdmts mo`sj, tfj rjody M b rbeljmt`rs,
cujo mu b t t`rs,
mu
beljm D4>8baebtb`
d o s ` es ump`b
baebtb`e po,ob
ob js
`bo, jde
s nhdajej
t t j r yrdtv`r
ajejrdt `o.t d a j t ` t f j
`o
`r.
c jj
jj ns
ns t f j c u jo
jo p ug
ug p g `t
`t `r
` r. M b r mu
mu bt
b t D3> c r `g
`g t f j Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos
rjody p`wjrs tfj cujo pugp g`nuoj. Mbrmubt \4 pr`- cr`g tfj c`oo`wbea<
vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj cujo pugp g`t`r. •   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

CZJO OJSJO ]JE]@X 


•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

^fj cujo ojvjo sjes`r bs d vdrbdhoj rjsbst`r. Mbrmubt •   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r

A>9 pr`vbnjs tfj cujo ojvjo beput t` mdvbty M83 `c tfj •   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r

Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG). ^fj YMG hr`dn- •   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

mdsts cujo ojvjo ndtd `e tfj MMN hus. ^fj gbmr`-pr`- •   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r

mjss`
mj ss`rr be t fj bestrugjet mo moustjr
ustjr rjmjbvj
rjmjbvjss t fj gjssdaj
`e tfj MMN hus, mdomuodtjs
mdomuodtjs cujo aduaj ejjnoj p`sbtb`
p`sbtb`e
e HD^^JXR ^JGYJXD^ZXJ ]JE]@X
d e n d nlu s t s t f j a d u a j . ^fj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG) njtjrgbejs
hdt tjry tjgpj
tjgpjrd
rd turj `e mb
mbrmub
rmubtt ^88
888.
8. M brm
brmubt
ubt ^88
888
8
SJFBMOJ
M b r mu b t ]YJJN
mu bt p]JE]@X
K 3 s u pp
p ob
ob js
js : v `o
c r `g `o t s
`g t f j Y ` w jr
jr t r d b e m`eejmts tfj YMG t` tfj hdttjry tjgpjrdturj sjes`r.
Mbrmubt ^888 m`eejmts t` mdvbty M4: `c tfj YMG. Mbr-
M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG) t` tfj vjfb
vjfbmomoj
j spj
spjjn
jn sjes`
sjes`r. r.
mubt K> pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj sjes`r den m`eejmts
^fj K3 mbrmubt m`eejmts t` mdvbty H=4 `c tfj YMG. t ` Y M G md v b t y D >
>..

\L   6 Q - = 9 CZ JO/ B AE B ^B @E ]R]^JG ] 6Q - =9 - =
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

MXDEK]FDC^ Y@]B^B@E ]JE]@X pjrdturj sjes`r nrdws up t` : v`ots cr`g tfj YMG.
^fj Y `wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj
G`nuoj (YMG) suppobjssuppobjs : ^fj sjes`
sjes`rr bs d vdrbd hoj rjsbst`r.
rjsbst`r. Ds Ds m````odet
odet tjgpj
tjgpjr- r-
v`ots t` tfj mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r `e mbrmubt K8:. dturj mfdeajs, tfj rjsbstdemj be tfj sjes`r mfdeajs,
Mbrmubt K8: m`eejmts t` mdvbty D41 `c tfj YMG. md u s be
b e a d mf d e a j b e mu r r je
je t n r d w . ^f j K 8 mb r mu
mu bt
bt
^fj Y MG rjmrjmjbv
jbvjs
js t fj mrd eksfdct p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e sjes`
sjes`rr m`eejmts t` mdvbty D43 `c tfj YMG.
sbaedo `e mbrmubt K81. Mbrmubt K81 m`eejmts t` mdvbty ^fj YMG pr`vbnjs d ar`uen c`r tfj jeabej m``odet
D6 `c tfj YMG. tjgpjrdturj sjes`r sbaedo (mbrmubt K8) tfr`uaf mbrmubt
^f j Y M G p r`
r `v bn
bn js
js d a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r t f j mr d e k sf
sf d c t K>. Mbrmubt K > m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj Y MG m`e-
p`sbtb`e sjes`r (mbrmubt K81) tfr`uaf mbrmubt K>. Mbr- ejmt`r.
mubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG.
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos
•   Mbrmubt K8: spobmjs t` suppoy : v`ots t` tfj mdg- cr`g tfj c`oo`wbea<
•   Hdttjry tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
sfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r, gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sje-
•   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r
s`r den tfr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r.
•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r
Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos
•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
cr`g
cr` g tfj c` c`oo`
oo`wbea<
wbea<
•   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r
•   Z p s t r jd
jd g d e n n `w
`w e s t r jd
jd g f jd
jd t j n `x ya
y a je
je s je
je -
•   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r
s`rr
s`
•   Z p st
st r j d g d e n n`
n`ww e s t r j d g f j d t j n ` xy
xy a je
je s je
je -
•   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r


s `r
•   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r


   Gdebc`on
^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e
dhs`outjsjes`r
prjssurj sjes`r
•   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
JSDY@XD^BSJ ]R]^JG OJDK NJ^JM^B@E YZGY
•   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r
Sj f bm bmo j hu b otot c`
c`rr s d o j b e t f j ]t d t j ` c M d o b c`r
c`r e b d d r j
j q u b p p j n w b t f d e j v d p ` r d t b v j s y s t j g o j d k nj t j m t b ` e
MDG]FDC^ Y@]B^B@E ]JE]@X pugp.
^fj Y `wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj G`nuoj (YMG) suppobjssuppobjs : Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be tfj ]^ ]^DDX^ `r XZ E
v`ots t` tfj mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r (be nbstrbhut`r) p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 cr `g `g cu s j 6 b e t f j
`e mbrmubt K8:. Mbrmubt K8: m`eejmts t` mdvbty D41 `c Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. Mbr-
tfj YMG. mu b t D84 p `w `w j r s mb r mumu b t C2 2 t f r ` u afaf Y N M cu sj sj 46.
^fj YMG rjmjbvjs tfj mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r sba- Mbrmubt C22 cjjns tfj ojdk njtjmtb`e pugp.
e d o `e mb r mu
mu b t K8 >.
>. M b r mu
mu b t K8 > m `e
`e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y @ e mb r mu mu bt
b t s L 23 d e n L 2:, t f j Y M G `p jr jr d t j s t f j
D46 `c tfj YMG. ojdk njtjmnjtjmtb`e
tb`e pugp. M brm brmubt
ubt L 23 m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` mdvbty
^fj YMG pr`vbnjs d ar`uen c`r tfj mdgsfdct p`sb- M4> `c `c t fj Y MG. M brm brmubt
ubt L 2: m` m`eejm
eejmts ts t` Y MG mdvbty
tb`e sjes`
sjes`rr sbaedo (mb mbrmub
rmubtt K8>
K8>)) tfr `u
`uaf
af mb mbrmub
rmubtt K>. M49.
Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG.
^FX@^^OJ Y@]B^B@E ]JE]@X
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  Cr `g
`g t f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (Y (Y M G ), ), mb r -
•   Mb
M b rm
r mu bt
bt K 8:
8: s po po bm
bmj s t ` s upup p oy
oy : v `o `o t s t ` t f j mubt K8: suppobjs : v`ots t` tfj tfr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sje-
mr d e k s f d ct p `s
`s b t b`
b`e s je
je s `r
`r, g d e b c `o
`o n d hs `o
`o u t j p r js
js - s`rr (^Y ]). M brm
s` brmubt
ubt K8: m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` mdvbty D41 D41 `c tfj
surj sjes`r, den tfr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r. YMG.
Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos M b r mu
mu bt
b t K 88
88 n j ob
o b vj
vjr s t f j ^Y ] s ba ba e d o t ` t f j Y M G .
cr`g
cr` g tfj c` c`oo`
oo`wbea<
wbea< Mbrmubt K88 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D8= `c tfj YMG.
•   Z p s t r jd
jd g d e n n `w `w e s t r jd
jd g f jdjd t j n `x ya
y a je
je s je
je - ^f j Y M G p r `v `v bnj
bnj s d a r `u`u e n c `r
`r t f j t f r ` t t o j p `s
`s b -
s`rs tb`e sjes`
sjes`rr sbaedo (mbrm brmubt
ubt K88
K88)) tfr `ua `uaf f mbmbrmub
rmubtt K>.
•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG.
•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

•   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r


FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
•   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r
Xjcjr t` Ar`up 4> c`r tfr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r `pjr-
•   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
dtb`e.
•   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r M b r m u b t K8 : s p o b m j s t ` s u p p o y : v ` o t s t ` t f j g d e b -
c`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r, mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sje-
JEABEJ M@@ODE^ ^JGYJXD^ZXJ ]JE]@X s`r, den mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r.
^fj jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r pr`vbnjs de Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos
b e pu
pu t t ` t f j Y ` w jr
jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o G `n
`n u oj
oj (Y M G ) `e cr`g tfj c`oo`wbea<
mbrmubt K8. Cr`g mbrmubt K8, tfj jeabej m``odet tjg-

6Q - =9 - > 6 Q - = 9 CZ JO/ B AEB ^B @E ]R]^JG ]   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

•   Z p s t r jd
jd g d e n n `w
`w e s t r jd
jd g f jd
jd t j n `x ya
y a je
je s je
je - •   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r
s`rs •   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r

•   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r •   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r •   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r

•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

•   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r @BO YXJ]]ZXJ ]JE]@X


•   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r ^f j `b o p r js js s u r j s j e s `r
`r b s d v d r b d ho j r j s b stst ` r.
r. D
•   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r mfdeaj be jeabej `bo prjssurj mfdeajs tfj rjsbstdemj
b e t f j s jeje nb e a u e b t w f b mf
mf d o t j r s t f j s b ae
ae d o s je
je s jn
jn hy
GDEBC@ON DH]@OZ^J YXJ]]ZXJ ]JE]@X tfj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj `e mbrmubt A3. Mbrmubt
Cr `g
`g t f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu`nu o j (Y
(Y M G ),
), mb r - A3 m ` e e j m t s t ` m d v b t y H 8 = ` c t f j Y M G .
mu b t K8 : s u pp pp obob js
js : v ` otot s t ` t f j g d e b c`o
c`o n d hs `o
`o u t j ^fj YMG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj `bo prjssurj sje-
prjssurj
prjs surj (GD GDY Y ) sjes`r.
sjes`r. M brm brmubt
ubt K8: m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` mdv- s`r `e mbrmubt K>. Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c
bty D41 `c tfj YMG. tfj YMG.
M b r mu
mu b t K1 9 njo
njo bv
bv jr
jr s t f j G DY
DY s b aeae d o t ` t f j Y M G . ^f j Y M G hr `d `d nm d s t s t f j ` b o p r js
js s u r j nd t d `e t f j
Mbrmubt K19 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D81 `c tfj YMG. M M N hu s . ^f j g b mr mr `-
`-p r `m
`mj ss
ss `r
`r b e t f j b e s t r u g je je t
^f j Y M G p r `v `v b nj
nj s d a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r t f j G DY DY s jeje s `r
`r moustjr rjmjbvjs tfj sbaedo cr`g tfj MMN hus, mdomu-
s b ae
ae d o (mb r mu
mu b t K1 9) 9) t f r `u
`u a f mb r mu
mu b t K> . M b r mu
mu b t K> o d t j s `b o p r j ss
ss u r j d e n d nlu stst s t f j a d u a j e j j noj
noj p ` sbsb -
m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG. tb`e.
^fj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) dos` rjmjbvjs tfj
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  ` b o p r j s s u r j nd t d hr ` d nm d s t hy t f j Y M G ` e t f j M M N
Xjcjr t` Ar`up 4> c`r GDY sjes`r `pjrdtb`e.
M b r mu
mu b t K8 : s po
po b mj
mj s t ` s u p po
po y : v ` ot
o t s t ` t f j md g - hus.
t f j HBcM `G
bo prjssurj
`u e n s d nr`ps
s `u nr`
e dps
u nhjo`w
hjo`
ho j wm fb
b ho fdb g
mdobhrdtjn oo prjssurj,
j d e n b oo ug b ed
ug ed t j s
sfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r, mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r den tfj `bo prjssurj wdrebea odgp.
tfr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r.
Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos CZJO BELJM^@X]
cr`g
cr` g tfj c` c`oo`
oo`wbea<
wbea< Qf j e t f j D u t `g`g d t b m ]f u t N` w e (D]N) r j od o d y m `e -
•   Z p s t r jd
jd g d e n n `w`w e s t r jd
jd g f jd
jd t j n `x yay a je
je s je
je - tdmts mo`sj, tfjy m`eejmt mbrmubt D4>8 suppobjs v`otdaj
s`rs t ` t f j c uj
uj o b e lj
lj mt
mt `r
`r s . J d m f b e lj
lj mt
mt `r
` r f d s d s jp jp d r d t j
•   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r
a r `u
`u e n mb r mu
mu b t m`e t r `o
`o o jn
jn hy t f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o
•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r
G`nuoj (YMG).
•   Betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
Mbrmubtt K4
Mbrmub K44 4 pr`vbnjs
pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
•   ^fr`ttoj p`sbtb`e sjes`r
`e j . ^f
^f j K4K44 4 mb r mumu b t m`e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y H > `c t f j
•   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r
YMG.
•   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r
Mbrmubtt K48 pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
t w ` . ^f j K4 8 mb mb r mu
mu b t m`e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y H 4 : ` c t f j
BE^DKJ
^f j b eDBX ^JGYJXD^ZXJ
tdkj d b r t j gp jr d t u]JE]@X
g p jr r j s je
je s `r
`r p r`
r `v bn
bn js
js d e
YMG.
Mbrmubtt K4= pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
b e pu
pu t t ` t f j Y ` w jr jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o G `n
`n u oj
oj (Y M G ) `e t f r j j.
j. ^f j K4 = mb
mb r mu
mu b t m`e e j mtmt s t ` md v b t y H : `c t f j
mbrmubt K84. Mbrmubt K84 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D4: `c tfj YMG.
YMG. Mbrmubtt K4> pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
Cr ` g m b r m u b t K8 4 , t f j b e t d k j d b r t j g p j r d t u r j s j e - c`ur.
c` ur. ^fj
^fj K4> mbrm
mbrmubt
ubt m`eej
`eejmmts t` mdvbty H 43 `c t fj
s `r
`r n r d w s v `o `o t d a j c r `g
`g t f j Y M G . ^f j s je je s `r`r b s d YMG.
vdrbdhoj rjsbst`r. Ds betdkj dbr tjgpjrdturj mfdeajs, Mbrmubtt K=6 pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
t f j r js
js bs
bs t d e mj
mj b e t f j s je je s`
s `r mf d e aj
a j s , md u s bebe a d c b vj
vj . ^f
^f j K= 6 m br
br mu
mu b t m`e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y H 3 `c t f j
m f d e a j b e m u r r j e t nr d w . YMG.
^fj YMG pr`vbnjs d ar`uen c`r tfj betdkj dbr tjg- Mbrmubtt K:6 pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr bel
beljm
jmt`r
t`r eughjr
pjrd
pj rd turj sjes`
sjes`rr sbaedo (mb mbrmub
rmubtt K84
K84)) tfr `ua `uaf f mbmbrmub
rmubtt s b x.
x. ^f j K: 6 m br
br mu
mu b t m`e e j mtmt s t ` md v b t y H 4 8 ` c t f j
K>. Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c tfj YMG. YMG.
@e tfj :. :.8O
8O jeabej, mbrmubt
mbrmubt K41 pr`vbnj pr`vbnjss ar`
ar`uen
uen
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E 
c`r beljmt`r
beljmt`r eughjr sjvje. ^fj ^fj K 41 mbrmubt mbrmubt m`
m`eejmts
eejmts
Mbrmubt K> spobmjs t` suppoy ar`uen c`r tfj sbaedos t` mdvbty H8 `c tfj YMG.
cr`g tfj c`
cr`g c`oo`
oo`wbea<
wbea< Do s`
s` `e t f j :. 8O8O j ea e a be
be j,
j, mb r mu
mu bt
b t K 46
46 p r`
r `v bn
bn js
js
•   Z p s t r jd
jd g d e n n `w
`w e s t r jd
jd g f jd
jd t j n `x ya
y a je
je s je
je a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r b e lj
lj mt
mt ` r e u g hjr
hjr j ba
ba f t . ^f j K4 6 m b r mu
mu b t
s`rs m`eejmts t` mdvbty H4= `c tfj YMG.
•   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r
•   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

\L   6 Q - = 9 CZ JO/ B AE B ^B @E ]R]^JG ] 6Q - =9 - :
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  mu b t D84 p `w `w j r s mb r mu


mu b t C2 2 t f r ` u af
af Y N M cu sj
sj 46.
•   Mbrmubt D4>8 spobmjs t` suppoy v`otdaj t` tfj cujo M b r mu
mu b t C2 2 p `w
`w j r s t ` t f j Nu t y M y mo mo j J SD
SDY /Y u r a j
b e lj
lj mt
mt ` r s,
s, b a e bt
bt b `e
`e m`b o,
o, Y M G , a je
je j r d t ` r,
r, d e n f j d t j n s`oje`bn.
`xyaje sjes`rs. ^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (Y M G ) p r ` vb
vb njs
njs
•   C` r b e c`
c`r g d t b ` e d h` u t c u jo
jo b e lj
lj mt
mt ` r `p jr
jr d t b ` e , tfj ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj s`oje`bn `e mbrmubt K:8. Mbr-
rjcjr t` Ar`up 4>. mubt K:8 m`eejmts t` mdvbty M89 `c tfj YMG.

BAEB^B@E M@BO MMN HZ]


Qf j e t f j D u t `g
`g d t b m ]f u t N` w e (D]N) r j od o d y m` e - Mbrmubts N4 den N8 m`eejmt tfj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o
tdmts mo`sj, mbrmubt D4>8 suppobjs v`otdaj t` tfj baeb- G ` nu o j (Y M G ) t ` t f j M M N H u s . M b r m u b t N4 m ` e e j m t s
t b `e
`e m`b o.
o. ^f j Y ` w jr jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o G `n`n u oj
oj (Y M G ) t` mdvbty M=9 `c tfj YMG. Mbrmubt N8 m`eejmts t` mdv-
m`etr`os tfj ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj baebtb`e m`bo `e mbr- b t y M 86 86 `c t fj f j Y M G.
G . M br
br mu
mu bt
bt s N 4 d e n N 8 d r j d
mu b t K4 2.
2. M b r mu
mu b t K4 2 m `e `e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y D1 `c t f j twbstjn pdbr `c wbrjs.
YMG. ] j vj
vjr d o g `n
`n u oj
oj s d e n m`e t r `o`o oj
ojr s h r `d
`d n md
md s t d e n
r j mj
mj bv
bv j nd t d `e t f j M M N H u s . J d mf g `nu `nu o j `r`r m`e -
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  t r ` oo
oo jr
jr b s j e d hoj
hoj n t ` r j mj
mj bv
bv j `e o y mj r t d b e g j ssss d a j s.
s.
Mbrmubtt D4>
Mbrmub 4>8
8 spobmjs
spobmjs t` supp suppoy oy v`
v`otd
otd aj t` tfj cujo ^ f j Y M G hr ` d nm d s t s t f j c` o o ` w b e a g j s s d a j s ` e t f j
b e lj
lj mt
mt ` r s,
s, Y M G , f j d t j n `x y a je
je s je
je s `r
`r s , d e n a j ej
ej r d - MMN hus.
t`r. •   Jeabej XYG

•   Beljmt`r `e-tbgj den nbstdemj puosjs

BNOJ DBX M@
M@E^X@
E^X@O
O (BDM) G @^
@^@X
@X •   Sjfbmoj spjjn

^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (Y M G ) ` p jr jr d t j s •

t f j b noj
noj d b r m`e t r ` o g ` t `r`r t f r ` ua
ua f > m b r mu
mu b t s ; K =2, •
   J
H detat bjer jy ttjjg
gpj
ppjjrrddttuurrjj
K>9,, K :2
K>9 :2,, d en K39
K39.. J dmf mb mbrmub
rmubtt m`
m`eejm
eejmts
ts t` sjpdrd tj •   @bo prjssurj

mdvbtbjs be tfj YMG m`eejmt`r.


•   Mbrmubt K=2 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D89 `c tfj YMG

•   Mbrmubt K>9 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D44 `c tfj YMG


]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
•   Mbrmubt K:2 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D49 `c tfj YMG

•   Mbrmubt K39 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D42 `c tfj YMG


QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
NZ^R MRMOJ JSDY_YZXAJ ]@OJE@BN tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g
`g cu sj
sj 6 b e t f j 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. Mbr- t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

\L   6 Q - = 4 ^X DE ]G B ]]B @E M@E ^X @O ]R]^JG 6Q - =4 - 4

6Q-=4 ^XDE]GB]]B@E M@E^X@O ]R]^JG

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ^XDE]GB]]


^XDE]G B]]B@E
B@E M@E^X
M@E^X@O
@O XJOD
XJODRR ..... ...... 4
A@SJX
A@S JXE@
E@XX YXJ]]
YXJ]]ZX
ZXJ
J ]JE]@
]JE]@X X ... ... .. ... 4 ^XDE]G
^XDE]GB]]
B]]B@E
B@E ]@OJE@
]@OJE@BN
BN D]]JG
D]]JGHO
HOR
R ....... 4
@Z^YZ^
@Z^Y Z^ ]FDC^
]FDC^ ]YJJN
]YJJN ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . ... ... .. ... 4 ^XDE]GB]]B@
^XDE]G B]]B@E
E ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . . . . . 8
@SJXN
@SJ XNXB
XBSJ
SJ ]QB^
]QB^MF
MF . . . . . . . . . . ... ... .. ... 4 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
]FBC
]FBC^
^ BE^J
BE^JXO
XO@M
@MK
K ............ ... ... .. ... 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV
V ..... ..... ...... .. 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ^XDE]GB]]B@E ]@OJE@BN D]]JGHOR


^fj ^`rquj
^`rquj M`evjr t`r Mou tmf (^(^MM
MM ) s`oje`bn,
s`oje`bn, `vjr-
@SJXNXBSJ ]QB^MF nrbvj s`oje`b
s`oje`bn
n de n vdrbd hoj c`rmj
c`rmj s`oje`b
s`oje`bnn drj g`o
g`onjn
njn
Dut`gdtbm trdesgbssb`e jqubppjn vjfbmojs fdvj de t`ajtfjr.
t`ajtfjr. M brm
brmubt
ubt ^89 cr`g
cr`g tfj jojjojmtr`
mtr`ebm
ebm t rd esgbs-
`v jr
jr nr b vj
vj s w b t mf
mf . ^f j `p jrjr d t ` r nb sd
sd ho j s `r j e d ho js
js sb`e rjody suppobjs p`wjr c`r tfj s`oje`bns. ^fj Y`w-
`vjrnrbvj wfje tfj swbtmf bs njprjssjn. jrtrd be M`etr`o G`nuoj
G`nuoj (YMG) `pjrdt
`pjrdt js jdmf s`s`oje`
oje`bn
bn
^f j `v jr jr n r bv
bv j s y st
st j g m`e s bsbs t s `c d s w b t mf
mf m`e - benbvbnudooy hy pr`vbnbea ar`uen c`r jdmf s`oje`bn `e

e
d jOmt
mbt aj f
n t tJ
`gt fb tjt bYe`awNb
j r`t rnj
d b e(OMJ`N)
e t rw`of bG
`o m f`nu
`nub o oouj g
(Yb M
(Y e dG
t j)s dc`
e nr sjpdrdtj mbrmubts.
•   ^fj YMG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj ^MM s`oje`bn

tf j `vjrnrbvj @E/@CC benbmdt `r `r.. `e mbrmubt ^88. Mbrmubt ^88 m`eejmts t` mdvbty H44 `c
B c `v jr jr n r bv
bv j b s mu r r je je t o y j eded h o jn
jn , b t b s n b sd sd h o jn
jn tfj YMG.
w f j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r nj pr pr j ss
ss js
js t f j `v jr jr nr b vjvj s w b t mfmf . •   ^fj YMG suppobjs ar`uen c`r tfj `vjrnrbvj s`oj-

Dos`, bc tfj `pjrdt`r dorjdny nbsdhojn `vjrnrbvj, bt bs e`bn


e`b n `e mbrm brmubt
ubt ^3939.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt ^39 m`eejm
m`eejmts
ts t` mdvbty
jedhojn wfje tfj swbtmf bs njprjssjn. H 8 4 `c
`c t f j Y M G .
M b r mumu b t ^2 c r `g `g t f j `v jr jr nr b vj
vj s w b t mfmf m`e e j mt mt s t ` •   @e mbrmubt ^:2, tfj YMG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj

md v b t y M 4= 4= `c t f j Y M G d e n p r` r `v bn
bn js
js t f j `v jr jr n r bv
bv j vdrbdhoj c`rmj s`oje`bn. Mbrmubt ^:2 m`eejmts t` mdvbty
sbaedo. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj swbtmf. H6 `c tfj YMG.
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts
mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje- ]FBC^ BE^JXO@MK
tjr (YNM) wbtf mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`wjrs mbrmubt ^f j s f bc bc t b e t jr
jr o`
o `mk p rj
r j vj
vj et
et s t f j `p jr jr d t ` r c r `g
`g
C1 4 t f r ` u af af cu s j 4 8 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m `mk . M b r mumu b t s f b ct
ct b e a t f j v jf
jf b mo
mo j ` u t `c Y DXDX K u e o jsjs s t f j hr d k j
C14 suppobjs
suppobjs p` p`wjrwjr c`r t fj `vjrnrbvj @E/@CC benbmd- p j nd o b s p r j s s j n. Q f j e t f j b a e b t b ` e s w b t m f b s b e t f j
t`r OJ N. ^fj Y MG tures tfj `v `vjrnrbvj
jrnrbvj @E/@CC benb- ] ^DX^ `r XZ E p`sbt b`e, mbrmubt D84 cjjns mbrmubt C61
mdt`r @E `r @CC hy pr`vbnbea ar`uen `e mbrmubt A36. t f r `u
`u a f c us
us j : b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e h o`o`mk . M b r mu
mu bt
b t C 61
61
M b r mu
mu b t A3 6 m `e
`e e j mt
mt s t ` m d v b t y M 3 ` c t f j Y M G . spobmjs t` p`wjr tfj sfbct betjro`mk.
Qf j e t f j hr d k j p j nd o b s e ` t nj pr pr j ss
ss jn,
jn, t f j s t `p
`p
^XDE]GB]]B@E M@E^X@O XJODR odgp swbtmf pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r betjro`mk hy m`eejmt-
^f j t r d e s g b s s b`b`e m`e t r `o `o r j od
od y p `w
`w j r s t f j `v jr jr - bea mbrmubt O:= t` ar`uen. Qfje ar`uenjn, tfj betjr-
nrbvj s`oje`bn, t`rquj m`evjrt`r moutmf s`oje`bn, den o`mk prjvjets sfbctbea tfj trdesgbssb`e `ut `c YDXK.
v d r bd
b d h o j c `r
`r mj
mj s `o `o je
je `b
`b n.
n. Do o t f r jj jj s `o
`o je
je `b
`b n s d r j Qf je je t f j h rdr d k j p j n d o b s p rj
rj s sj
sj n , t f j s t `p
`p o d gp
gp
g`onjn t`ajtfjr. swbtmf nbsm`eejmts mbrmubt O:= cr`g ar`uen.
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E
p `s
`s b t b`
b`e s , b t m`e e j mtmt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g
`g cu sj sj 6 b e t f j @Z^YZ^ ]FDC^ ]YJJN ]JE]@X
Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. Mbr- ^f j ` u t p u t s f d ct s pj
pj jn
jn s je
je s `r
`r a jeje j r d t j s d s b ae
ae d o
mu b t D 84 84 p `w`w j r s mb r mu
mu b t C2 2 t f r ` u af
af c u s j 4 6 b e t f j benbmdtbea tfj spjjn `c tfj trdesgbssb`e `utput sfdct.
Y N M . M b r mu mu b t C 22
22 p `w `w j r s t f j m`b o s bn
bn j `c t f j jo jm jm- Mbrmubts ^4= den ^4> m`eejmt tfj sjes`r t` tfj Y`w-
t r ` e bm
bm t r d e s g bs
bs s b`
b`e r j od od y . ^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o jrtrd be M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG). M brm brmubt
ubt ^4= m`eejmm`eejmts ts
G`nuoj (YMG) pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody `e mbr- t ` md v b t y H 8 : ` c t f j Y M G . M b r mu
mu b t ^4> m `e `e e j mt
mt s t `
mubt ^33
mubt 33.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt ^33 m`eej
m`eejmts
mts t` mdvbty H =9 `c `c tfj mdvbty H86.
YMG.
Q f j e t f j Y M G a r ` u e ns t f j r j o d y , t f j r j o d y m ` e - A@SJXE@X YXJ]]ZXJ ]JE]@X
tdmts m`eejmt mbrmubt C28 cr`g cusj 41 be tfj YNM t` ^fj a` a`vjre`
vjre`rr prjs
prjssurj
surj sjes`r suppobj
suppobjss tfj trd es-
mbrmubt
mbrm ubt ^89
89.. Mbrmubt ^89 p`wjrs tfj s`oj s`oje`bns.
e`bns. g b ss
ss b`
b`e p rj
r j ss
ss u rj
rj b e pu
pu t t ` t f j Y ` w jr
jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o

6Q - =4 - 8 6 Q - = 4 ^X DE ]G B ]]B @E M@E ^X @O ]R] ^JG   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

G`nuoj `e mbrmubt ^8:. Mbrmubt ^8: m`eejmts t` mdvbty M b r mu


mu bt
b t K > d o s ` p r `v
`v bn
bn js
js a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r t f j s ba
ba e d o s
H82 `c tfj YMG. Mbrmubt K3 cr`g mdvbty H=4 `c tfj cr`g tfj c`oo`wbea<
YMG suppobjs : v`ots t` tfj sjes`r. ^fj YMG pr`- •   Fjdtjn `xyaje sjes`rs

vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj a`vje`r prjssurj sjes`r `e mbr- •   Mrdeksfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

mubtt K>. Mbrmubt K> m`eejmts


mub m`eejmts t` mdvbty D> `c
`c t fj Y MG. •   Mdgsfdct p`sbtb`e sjes`r

^fj a`vjre`r prjssurj sjes`r bs pdrt `c tfj trdes- •   Jeabej m``odet tjgpjrdturj sjes`r

gbssb`e s`oje`bn dssjghoy. •


   B^fr`ttoj
e t d k j d b rp`sbtb`e
t j g p j rsjes`r
dturj sjes`r
^XDE]GB]]B@E ^JGYJXD^ZXJ ]JE]@X •   Gdebc`on dhs`outj prjssurj sjes`r

^fj trdesgbssb`e tjgpjrdturj sjes`r bs o`mdtjn be •   Sjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r

tfj trdesgbssb`e s`oje`bn dssjghoy. ^fj Y`wjrtrdbe


M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG) suppobjs : v`ots t` tfj sjes`r
`e mbrmubt K3. Mbrmubt ^:> cr`g tfj sjes`r m`eejmts t`
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
m d v b t y H 4 ` c t f j Y M G d e n p r ` v b nj s t f j t r d e s g b s s b ` e
tjgpjrdturj beput. ^fj YMG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
sjes`r `e mdvbty K>. ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
B c t r d e s g b s s b`
b`e t j g pj
pj r d t u r j j xm
xmj jns
jns d md o b hr d t j n tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
t j g pj
pj r d t u r j , t f j Y M G s je
je ns d s b ae ae d o t ` t f j Sj
Sj f bm
bm o j y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
B e c`
c`r g d t b`
b`e M je je t jr
jr (SB M ) `v jr jr t f j M M N h us us . B e 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
rjsp`esj, tfj SBM nbspodys d gjssdaj t` tfj nrbvjr. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .

FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E 
Mbrmubt K3 dos` suppobjs : v`ots t` tfj vjfbmoj spjjn
sjes`r.
 

\L   6 Q - = = SJF B MOJ ]YJJN M@E ^X @O 6Q - == - 4

6Q-== SJFBMOJ ]YJJN M@E^X@O

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E •   Qf


Qf j e t f j M DEM DEM J O s w b t mf mf mo `s`s js
js , t f j v `o
`o t d a j
o jv
jv jo
jo `e mb r mu mu bt
b t K 2:2: d t Y M G md v b t y M =8 =8 f d s b s 9 .4 .4
SJFBMOJ ]YJJN M@E^X@O v`ots `r ojss.
^ f j Y M G m ` e t r ` o s t f j v j e t d e n v d m u u g cu e m t b ` e s
tfj^fvjfbj Y moj
vjfbmo `wj jspj
r t r djn
spjjn b e m`etr`
M ` e t ro `o
`etr`o `osystjg.
G `nu
`nu o j^fj
(Y Mvjfbm
G ) `ojp jr
vjfbmoj jspj
r d t jn
spjjn js `c tfj vjfbmoj spjjn m`etr`o sjrv` `e mbrmubts S=: den
m`etr`o swbtmfjs drj o`mdtjn be tfj stjjrbea wfjjo. S=3. Njpjenbea `e tfj sbaedo bt rjmjbvjs cr`g vjfbmoj
Mbrmubtt S=
Mbrmub S=8 8 cr`g mdvbty M4 M444 `c tfj Y MG m` m`eejm
eejmts ts spjjn m`etr`o swbtmfjs, tfj YMG jbtfjr dppobjs vdm-
t` mbrmubt S=9 tfr`uaf tfj st`p odgp swbtmf. Mbrmubt uug t` `r vjets vdmuug cr`g tfj sjrv`. Mbrmubt S=3
S=9 p`wjrs tfj vjfbmoj spjjn m`etr`o sjrv`. cr ` g m d v b t y M > ` c t f j Y M G s j e ns t f j v d m u u g s b a e d o
M b r m u b t K2 : cr ` g Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 m ` e e j m t s t ` t f j t ` t f j s j r v `.`. M b r mu
mu b t S=: cr `g `g md v b t y M : s j e ns t f j
v jf
jf b mo
mo j s pjpj jn
jn m`e t r ` o s w b t mf mf j s.
s. ^f j s w b t mf
mf j s d r j vjet sbaedo.
wbrjn be pdrdoojo den jdmf m`etdbes d sjpdrdtj rjsbs- M b r mu
mu b t O :=
:= p r `v `v b nj
nj s t f j s t `p
`p o d g p s w b t mf mf s je
je s j
t`r. ^fj v`otdaj ojvjo prjsjet `e mbrmubt K2: (dt YMG b e pu
pu t t ` t f j Y M G d t md v bt bt y M 8> 8>. ^f j s t` t `p o d g p
mdvbty M=8) njpjens `e wfbmf spjjn m`etr`o swbtmf bs swbtmf m` m`eejm
eejmts ts mbrmbrmubt
ubt O:= t` ar`uen `e mbrm brmubt
ubt \4\4..
s jo
jo jm
jmt j n. M b r mu mu b t K> c r `g `g Y M G md v b t y D> s u pp pp ob
ob js
js Qf j e t f j hr d k j p j nd o b s nj pr pr j ss
ss jn,
jn, t f j s t `p`p o d g p
ar`uen c`r tfj spjjn m`etr`o swbtmfjs. s w b t mf
mf `p je je s d e n nb s m` m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t s O :=
:= d e n \4 \4,,
•   Qf
Qf j e t f j @ E/@ CC s w b t mf mf b s `p jeje , t f j v `o
`o t d a j d e n mb rm r mu bt
bt s S=8 d e n S=9. Qf je je t f j s t `p `p o d g p
o j v j o ` e m b r m u b t K2 : d t Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 f d s d e ` g b - s w b t mf
mf nb s m`m`e e j mtmt s mb r mu
mu b t s S=8 d e n S=9, p `w `w j r b s
e d o v d o ujuj `c :. 9 v `o `o t s w b t f d r d e a j c r `g
`g >. 6 t ` : .9 .9 rjg`vjn cr`g tfj spjjn m`etr`o sjrv`.
v`ots.
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
•   Qf j e t f j @ E/@ CC s w b t mf mf mo `s
`s js
js , t f j v `o
`o t d a j
o j v j o ` e m b r m u b t K2 : d t Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 f d s e ` g b e d o M b r mu
mu b t K> d o s ` p r `v
`v b nj
nj s a r ` u e n c` r s `g
`g j `c t f j
v d o u j ` c 4 .:4.:4 v ` otot s w b t f d r d e a j cr `g `g 4.= .=44 t ` 4 .34.34 j ea
ea be
b e j m`e t r `o
`o s je
je s `r
`r s t f d t p r`
r `v bn
bn j b e pu
pu t s t ` t f j
v`ots. YMG.
•   Qfje tfj ]J^ swbtmf mo`sjs, tfj v`otdaj ojvjo `e

m b r m u b t K2 : d t Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 f d s e ` g b e d o v d o u j ` c ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]


=.6 v`ots wbtf d rdeaj cr`g =.3 t` =.2 v`ots.
•   Qf
Qf j e t f j X J ]Z G J /DM M J O s w b t mf mf mo `s`s js
js , t f j QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
v ` o t d a j o j v j o ` e m b r m u b t K2 : d t Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 f d s ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
e `g
`g b e d o v d o u j `c `c > .> v `o `o t s w b t f d r d e a j cr ` g > .8 t ` tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
>.: v`ots. y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
•   Qf je je t f j M @ D] D] ^ s w b t mf mf mo `s
`s js
js , t f j v `o
`o t d a j 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
o j v j o ` e m b r m u b t K2 : d t Y M G m d v b t y M = 8 f d s e ` g b e d o
v d o u j ` c 8 .28.28 v ` otot s w b t f d r d e a j cr `g `g 8.1 .188 t ` = .98.98 t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
v`ots.
 

\L   6 Q - = : DOO- Q FJJO DE ^B - O@MK HX DKJ] 6Q - =: - 4

6Q-=: DOO-QFJJO DE^B-O@MK HXDKJ]

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E FRNXDZOBM


FRNXDZ OBM M@E^X
M@E^X@O @O ZEB^
ZEB^ . . . . . . .. ... ... .. 8
DH]
DH ] GDBE
GDBE XJO
XJOD DR . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... .. ... . 4 BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... .. 4
DH]
DH ] YZGY
YZGY G@^@X
G@^@X XJOD XJODR R ..... .. .... .. ... . 4 ]^@Y
]^ @Y ODGY
ODGY ]QB
]QB^M
^MFF BEYZ^
BEYZ^ . . . . . . .. ... ... .. 8
DH]
DH ] QDXE
QDXEBEBEAA ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . .. .... .. ... . 8 QFJJ
QF JJO
O ]YJJ
]YJJN N ]JE]@
]JE]@X] X] . . . . . . . .. ... ... .. 4
ND^
ND ^D OBEK
OBEK M@EEJ
M@EEJM^ M^@X@X . . . . . . . .. .... .. ... . 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
A-]Q
A-]QB^B^MF
MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... .. ... . 4 QBXB
QB XBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDGDG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ... .. ...... .. 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E M br


b r mu
mu bt
bt s H 4 d e n H 8 p r `v`v bn
bn j s ba
ba ed
e d o s t ` t f j M DH
DH
cr`g rbaft rjdr wfjjo spjjn sjes`r. Mbrmubt H4 wfbmf
BE^X@NZM^B@E p r `v
`v b nj
nj s t f j O @ Q s b ae
ae d o m`e e j mt
mt s t ` md v b t y D44 `c
]jvjrdo cusjs suppoy p`wjr c`r tfj Detb-O`mk Hrdkj tfj MDH. Mbrmubt H8 m`eejmts t` mdvbty D48 den pr`-
] y s t jg
jg (DH ] ) ; c u s js js :, 6, 44 d e n 4> b e t f j Y ` w jr jr v b nj s t f j F B AF s b a e d o .
Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM ) d e n cu s j s : , 2 , 4 4 b e t f j M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt s H > d e n H = p r `v`v bn
bn j s ba
ba ed
e d o s t ` t f j M DH
DH

luemtb`e ho`mk. Cusjs :, 6, 44 den 4> be tfj YNM drj cr `g tpr`vbnjs


`g
wfbmf f j o jc
jc t rtfj
j d r O@Q
w f j jsbaedo,
o s p jj
jj nm`eejmts
s j e s `r
`r. t`
M bmdvbty
r mu
mu b t HD2
=,
m`eejmtjn nbrjmtoy t` hdttjry v`otdaj den drj F@^ doo
tbgjs. Cusj : be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk bs F@^ wfje tfj `c t f j M DH DH . M b r mu
mu b t H > m`e e j mtmt s t ` m d v b t y D 49
49 d e n
baebtb`e
baebtb` e swbtmf bs t fj ] ^DX^ `r `r XZE p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e.
e. Cusj p r ` v b nj s t f j F B AF s b a e d o .
44 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk b s F @ ^ w f j e t f j b a e bt bt b `e
`e
swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e. Cusj 2 be tfj luemtb`e A-]QB^MF
ho `m
`mk b s F @ ^ d t d o o t b g js js . Nu r b e a c`
c`uu r -w
-w f j jojo nr b vj
vj `p jr
jr d t b ` e , t f j A- A-ss w b t mf
mf
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts p r `v
`v b nj
nj s nj mj
mj oj
oj r d t b `e
`e nd t d t ` t f j M ` e t r `o `o o jr
jr , De t b -
m b r m u b t D 4 c r ` g cu s j 6 b e t f j Y NM w b t f m b r m u b t D 8 8 . O `m
`mk H r d k j s (M DH DH ). ). X jc
jc jr
jr t ` A r ` up up :, H r d k j s c `r `r
Mbrmubt D88 cjjns mbrmubt C48 tfr`uaf cusj 44 be tfj dnnbtb`edo bec`rgdtb`e.
luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C48 m`eejmts t` tfj m`bo sbnj `c Mbrmubts H>4, H>8, den H>= m`eejmt tfj A-swbtmf t`
t f j D H ] g d b e r j od od y d e n t f j M ` e t r `o
`o oj
oj r,
r, D e t b -O
-O `m
`mk t f j M DH
DH . M b r mu
mu b t s H >4 d e n H > 8 p r `v `v b nj
nj s w b t m f s t d t j s
Hrdkjs (MDH). wf boj mbrm
mbrmubt
ubt H >= pr`vbnjs
pr`vbnjs ar`uen. Dt Dt tfj MD MDH H , mbr-
Mbrmubt \8 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj MDH. Mbrmubt \8 mubtt H >4 m`eejm
mub m`eejmts ts t` mdvbty D3, mbrmubtmbrmubt H >8 m`eejm m`eejmts ts
m`eejmts t` mdvbtbjs 4> den 4= `c tfj MDH. t` mdvbty D1 den mbrmubt H>= m`eejmts t` mdvbty D8.
X j cj
cj r t ` a r `u
`u p :, H r d k js
js c`
c`rr `p jr
jr d t b ` e d o nj
njss mr
mr b p-
p-
tb`es `c DH] systjg m`gp`ejets. DH] GDBE XJODR
^fj DH] gdbe rjody bs o`mdtjn be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrb-
QFJJO ]YJJN ]JE]@X] hutb`e Mjetjr (YNM). Qfje tfj M`etr`oojr, Detb-O`mk
^f j d o o w f j j o d e t b -o-o `m
`mk s y s t jg
jg u s js js c`c`uu r w f j jo
jo H r d k js
js (M DHDH ) a r `u `u e n s t f j DH
D H ] g d b e r jo jo d y m `b o `e
spjjn sjes`rs; `ej c`r jdmf wfjjo. Jdmf sjes`r m`e- mbrmubt H:6, tfj rjody swbtmfjs t` m`eejmt mbrmubt D89
v jr
jr t s w f j jojo s pjpj jn
jn b e t ` d e j ojoj mt
mt r b md
md o s baba e d o t f d t b t c r `g
`g Y N M cu sj sj 4> t ` m b rm rmu b t H > 1.
1. M b r mu
mu b t C4 8 cr `g `g
trdesgbts t` tfj M`etr`oojr, Detb-O`mk Hrdkjs (MDH). cusj 44 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk spobmjs t` cjjn tfj m`bo
D pdbr `c twbstjn wbrjs m`eejmt t` jdmf sjes`r t` pr`- s b nj ` c t f j D H ] g d b e r j o d y . M b r m u b t H : 6 m ` e e j m t s t `
v b nj s b a e d o s t ` t f j M D H . mdvbty 44 `c tfj MDH.
M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt s H 3 d e n H 1 p r `v `v bn
bn j s baba ed
e d o s t ` t f j M DH DH Mbrmubt H>1 spobmjs t` p`wjr t` tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj
cr `g
`g t f j r b a f t cr `e `e t w f j j o s p jj
jj n s j e s `r `r. M b r mu
mu b t H 3 DH ] pugp g`t`r g`t`r rjody rjody.. @tf jr hrd emfjemfjss `c mbrmubt
mbrmubt H >1
wfbmf pr`vbnjs tfj O@Q sbaedo m`eejmts t` mdvbty 8 m`e e j mt
mt s t ` m d v b t y : ` c t f j M DH
DH d e n t ` t f j f y nr d u o b m
`c t f j M DH DH . M b r mu
mu bt
b t H 1 m`e e jmjmt s t ` m d v bt bt y 4 ` c t f j m`etr`o
m` etr`o uebt.
M D H d e n p r ` v b nj s t f j F B AF s b a e d o .
M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt s H 6 d e n H 2 p r `v `v bn
bn j s baba ede d o s t ` t f j M DHDH DH] YZGY G@^@X XJODR
cr `g
`g t f j o jct jct c r `e
`e t w f j j o s p jj
jj n s jeje s `r `r. M b r mu
mu b t H 6 , ^fj DH] pugp g`t`r rjody be tfj p`wjr nbstrbhu-
w f b m f p r ` v b nj s t f j F B AF s b a e d o , m ` e e j m t s t ` m d v b t y tb`e mjetjr (YNM) suppobjs v`otdaj t` tfj DH] pugp
49 `c tfj MDH. Mbrmubt H2 m`eejmts t` mdvbty 2 `c tfj g `t
`t ` r.
r. Qf j e t f j DH ] g d b e r j od od y j e jr
jr a b zj
zj s,
s, mb r mu
mu b t
M DH
DH d e n p r `v `v b nj
nj s t f j O @ Q sbsb a e d o . H >1 s u p po
po bj
bj s hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j m `b
`b o s b nj ` c t f j
DH ] pugp g`t` g`t`rr rjody
rjody.. ^fj M`etr`oM`etr`oojrojr,, Detb-
etb-O`m
O`mk k

6Q - =: - 8 6 Q - = : DOO- Q F JJO DE ^B - O@MK HX DKJ]   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Hrdkjs (MDH) pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody `e mbrmubt jejrabzjn, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt H>1 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt
H443. Mbrmubt H443 m`eejmts t` mdvbty 1 `c tfj MDH. \>. ^fj ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj wdrebea odgp bs tfr`uaf
Qfje tfj DH] pugp g`t`r jejrabzjs, jejrabzjs, bt m` m`eejm
eejmts ts tfj nb`nj t` mbrmubt H>1, tfr`uaf tfj DH] gdbe rjody
mb r mu
mu b t D49 c r `g
`g Y NM c u s j : t ` mb r mu
mu b t H 68. M b r mu
mu b t t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \>.
H68 suppobjs hdttjry v`otdaj t` tfj pugp g`t`r. Mbr- ^fj nb`nj hjtwjje mb mbrmub
rmubtt H 89: den H >1 prjvjets
prjvjets
mubt \8 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj pugp g`t`r. v `o
`o t d a j cr `g
`g c o `w
`w b e a t ` t f j M DH w f j e t f j DH
DH ] g d b e

FRNXDZOBM M@E^X@O ZEB^ rjody swbtmfjs t` suppoy p`wjr `e mbrmubt H>1.


Qfje tfj DH] gdbe rjody jejrabzjs, tw` hrdemfjs FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
`c mbrmub
mbrmubtt H >1 spobm
spobmj j t ` suppoy
suppoy v` v`otdotd aj t ` tf j bs`odtb`e Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be tfj ]^ ]^D
DX^ `r XZ E
d e n n u gp g p s `o
`o je
je `b
`b n s b e t f j f y n rdr d u o bm
bm m`e t r `o
`o u e btbt . p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 cr `g
`g cu s j 6 b e t f j
^f j f y nr d u o b m m`m`e t r ` o u e b t m`e t d b e s t f r j j s j p d r d t j Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. Mbr-
b e oj
oj t v d o vj
vj s d e n t f r jjjj s jp
jp d r d t j `u t o jtjt v d o vj
vj s.
s. ^f j mu b t D 8484 p `w`w j r s mb r mu
mu b t C6 1 t f r ` ua
ua f cu sj
sj : b e t f j
M ` e t r `o
`o oj
oj r,
r, De t b -O
-O `m
`mk H r d k js js (M DH DH ) d m t b vd
vd t j s t f j luemtb`e ho`mk.
beojt den `utojt vdovjs hy pr`vbnbea sjpdrdtj ar`uen
p d t f s c `r
`r j d mf
mf . ]^@Y ODGY ]QB^MF BEYZ^
^fj MDH pr`vbnjs d ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj rjdr beojt Mbrmubt O:9 cr`g tfj st`p odgp swbtmf pr`vbnjs tfj
vdovj `e mbrmubt H8:4. Mbrmubt H8:4 m`eejmts t` mdvbty h r d k j s w b t mf
mf b e pu
pu t t ` t f j M `e
`e t r `o
`o oj
oj r,
r, De t b -O
-O `m
`mk
> `c tfj MDH. H r d k j s (M DH
DH ). Qf j e t f j hr d k j p jnd
jnd o b s nj pr
pr j ssss jn,
jn,
C`r tfj rbaft cr`et beojt vdovj, tfj MDH pr`vbnjs d tfj st`p odgp swbtmf mo`sjs t` suppoy hdttjry v`otdaj
ar`uen pd tf `e mbrm brmubt
ubt H 8>
8>2.2. Mbrmubt H 8> 8>22 m`eejm
m`eejmts ts cr`g mbrmubt O43 t` mbrmubt O:9. Mbrmubt O:9 m`eejmts
t` mdvbty 4: `c tfj MDH. t ` md v b t y D6
D 6 `c t f j M DH DH . M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 43
43 `r b ab
ab e d t js
js d t
@e mbrmubt
mbrmubt H 8> 8>:,:, tfj M DH pr` pr`vbnj
vbnjss ar`uen c` c`rr tfj cusj 2 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt D8:9 cr`g cusj
ojct cr`et beojt vdovj. Mbrmubt H8>: m`eejmts t` mdvbty 4 4 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM ) s u p p o b j s
46 `c tfj MDH. p`wjr t` luemtb`e ho`mk cusj 2.
^ f j M D H p r ` v b nj s d a r ` u e n p d t f c` r t f j r j d r ` u t -
o jt
jt v d o v j ` e mb r mumu b t H 8 :>
:>. M b r mu mu b t H 8 :>:> m`e e j mt
mt s t ` ND^D
ND^D OB EK M@EEJM
M@EEJM^@X
^@X
mdvbty 48 `c tfj MDH. Mbrmubtt N6= cr`g mdvbty D= `c tfj M`etr`o
Mbrmub M`etr`oojrojr,, Detb-
C` r t f j r b a f t c r ` e t ` u t o j t v d o v j , t f j M D H p r ` v b nj s O `m
`mk H r d k j s (M(M DH
DH ) t r d e s g b t s n d t d t ` t f j N X H s md md e
d ar`uen pdtf `e mbrmubt H8>6. Mbrmubt H8>6 m`eejmts t ` `o
`o t f r `u
`u a f t f j nd t d o be
be k m`e e j mt mt ` r.
r. ^f r `u
`u a f t f j
t` mdvbty 3 `c tfj MDH. n d t d o bebe k m`e e jmjmt `r
` r, mb r mu
mu bt
b t s \4 d e n \4 p r` r`v bn
bn j
@e mbrmubt
mbrmubt H 8> 8>=,=, tfj M DH pr` pr`vbnj
vbnjss ar`uen c` c`rr tfj a r ` u e n c ` r t f j NX H s m d e t ` ` o .
ojct `utojt vdovj. Mbrmubt H8>= m`eejmts t` mdvbty 6 `c M b r mu
mu bt
b t C 1:
1: s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js h d t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j s md
md e
tfj MDH. t``oo tfr`uaf tfj nbdae`stbm m`eejm
t`` m`eejmt`r t`r..

DH] QDXEBEA ODGY


Mbrmubt C61 cr`g
Mbrmubt cr`g cusj : be tfj luemtb` uemtb`e e ho`
ho`mmk pr`pr`-- ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
v b nj s p ` w j r c ` r t f j D H ] w d r e b e a o d g p b e t f j b e s t r u -
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
g jeje t mo usus t jr
jr . A r ` ue
ue n c `r
`r t f j DH
DH ] w d r e b e a o d g p b s
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
pr`vbnj
pr` vbnjn n hy jbtfjr tfj M`etr`o M`etr`oojrojr,, Detb-O`m
Detb-O`mk k H rd kjs
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
(MDH) `r hy tfj DH] gdbe rjody wfje tfj rjody bs
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
e`t jejrabzjn. ^fj MDH boougbedtjs tfj odgp hy pr`-
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
vbnbea ar`uen `e mbrmubt H89:.
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
M b r mu
mu bt
b t H 8 9:9: s popo bm
bmj s t ` m`e e jm
jmt t ` mb r mu mu bt
bt H > 1
t f r `u
`u a f d n b` b `n j.
j. Qf je je t f j DHDH ] g d b e r jo
jo d y b s e ` t
 

\L   6 Q - = 2 SJFB MOJ ^F JC^ ]JMZ X B ^R ]R]^JG 6Q - =2 - 4

6Q-=2 SJFBMOJ ^FJC^ ]JMZXB^R ]R]^JG

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]


BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV
V ..... ..... ...... .. 8
SJFBMOJ
SJFBMOJ ^FJC^ ]JMZXB^R ]R]^JG
@YJX
@YJXDD^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E d r g j n, t f j H M G s t d r t s t f j d o d r g . X j cj r t ` t f j B e t r ` -


numtb`e be tfbs sjmtb`e c`r dodrg bec`rgdtb`e.
BE^X@NZM^B@E ^f j H M G r j mj mj bv
bv js
js t f j d ld r s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o s `e t f j
^f j H ` n y M `e `e t r `o
`o G `n `n u oj
oj (H M G ) `p jr jr d t j s t f j c`oo`wbea mbrmubts.
•   M b r mu
mu bt
b t A 1 : p r`r `v bn
bn js
js t f j o jcjc t c r `e
`e t n ````r d l d r
Sj f bmbmo j ^f j ct ct ]j mumu r b t y ]y s t j g (S^]]). ^f j H M G
g`ebt`rs tfj vjfbmoj n``rs, f``n, obctaodss be tfj obct- s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o
•   M br
br mu
mu b t A1 > p r `v`v b nj
nj s t f j r b a f t c r `e
`e t n`
n`` `r d ld r
a d t j , o bc
bc t a d t j , d e n b a e btbt b `e
`e c`
c`rr u e d u t f ` r bz
bz jn
jn `p jr jr d -
tb`e. s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o

Q f j e t f j H M G nj t j m t s u e d u t f ` r b z j n ` p j r d t b ` e , b t   M b rm
rmu bt
bt A 1 1 p r` r`v bn
bn js
js t f j o jcjc t r jdjd r n ````r d ldld r
` p j r d t j s t f j f ` r e r j p j d t j no y c` r t f r j j g b e u t j s d e n s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o
•   M br
br mu
mu bt
b t A 1 3 p r `v
`v bn
bn js
js t f j r b af
af t r jd jd r n ``
``r d l d r
co d s f js
js t f j f j d no d g p s d e n t d b o o d g p s c `r `r 4: g b e u t js js .
Do s `,
`, t f j j e ab ab e j w b oooo e `t
`t `p jr jr d t j u e t b o t f j S^]] b s s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o
•   M b r mu
mu bt
b t A 1 6 p r `v
`v bn
bn js
js t f j o bc
bc t a d t j d l d r d e n o bc
bc t -
nbsdrgjn.
^f j v jf jf b mo
mo j `p jr jr d t ` r md e d m t bv bv d t j t f j d o d r g h y a o d s s d ld r s b a e d o s
p us
us f bebe a t f j p d e bm bm h u t t `e
`e `e t f j X jg jg `t`t j K j yo y o js
js s
]R]^JG DXGBEA
J e t r y (X KJ ) t r d e s g b t t j r. r. Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p u sf
sf j s
t f j p d e b m hu t t `e `e , t f j r d nb ` cr j q u je je my
my r j mj
mj bv
bv jr
jr b e t f j ^fj systjg dodrg sjts dctjr tfj `pjrdt`r usjs tfj
Y d s s je
je a jr
jr N` `r `r G `nu`nu o j (Y NG ) r j mj mj bv
bv js
js t f j Y DEB DEB M p `w
`w j r n`n`` `r o `m`mk s `r X j g `t `t j Kj y oj
oj ss
ss J e t r y (X KJ )
s ba
ba e d o d e n h r` r `d n md
md s t s d g js js sd
sd a j `e t f j M M N h us us . t r d e s g bt
bt t j r t ` o ` mk
mk t f j n`
n`` `r s d e n o bc
bc t a d t j . Dct
Dct j r d o o
Qfje tfj HMG sjjs tfj YDEBM gjssdaj `e tfj MMN n``rs den tfj obctadtj drj o`mkjn den mo`sjn, tfj HMG
h u s,
s, b t `p jr jr d t j s t f j f `r `r e r jp jp jd
jd t j n oy
oy, t u r e s `e t f j boougbedtjs d rjn Obaft Jgbttbea Nb`nj (OJN) (S^]]
b e t jr
jr b`
b `r o ba
ba f t s,
s , d e n c odod s f js
js t f j f j d n o d g ps ps d e n t d b o b en
e n bm
bmd t `r
` r o baba ft
f t ) `e mb rm
r mu bt
bt A 3 2.2. ^f j r jn jn O J N b s
o d g p s . ^ f j H M G d m t b v d t j s t f j p d e b m d o d r g c` r t f r j j o`mdtjn `e tfj t`p `c tfj bestrugjet pdejo. ^fj OJN
g b e u t js js u e o js
js s t f j ` p jr jr d t ` r s t d r t s t f j v jfjf b mo
mo j d e n c od
od s f js
js r d p bn
bn oy
o y s ba
b a e d o ob
ob e a t f j s y st
st j g b s d r g b e a.
a. B t
nr b vj
vj s d t d s pj pj jnjn d h` vj vj 4 : GY GY F `r p u sf sf j s t f j p d e b m c od
od s f js
js d t s o`o`w j r r d t j d c t j r d p pr pr `x
`x bg
bg d t j oy
oy 4: s jmjm-
hu t t ` e ` e t f j X KJ t r d e s g b t t j r d s j m ` e n t b g j . ` e ns , b e nb m d t b e a t f j H M G f d s s j t t f j S^ ]].
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E
]R]^JG NB]DXGB
NB]DXGBEA
EA
p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g `g cu sj sj 6 b e t f j
^fj `pjrdt
`pjrdt `r mde nbsdrg tfj syst jg hy ueo` ueo`mk mkbea
bea d
Y NM t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D84 84.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D84 p`wjrs p`wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt C22
c r `e
`e t n ``
``r `r t f j o b ct ct a d t j w b t f t f j k j y ` r t f j X K J
t f r ` u a f Y NM cu s j 4 6 . M b r m u b t C2 2 c j j ns t f j H M G .
t r d e s g bt
bt t j r.
r. ^f j H M G g `e `e b t `r
`r s t f j o `m `mk my o bebe n jrjr
B e t f j D M M J ]]@ X R ` r X Z E p ` s b t b ` e , t f j b a e b t b ` e
s w b t m f b e j d m f cr ` e t n` ` r d e n t f j o b c t a d t j o ` m k m y o b e -
swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt D=4. Mbrmubt D=4
njr swbtmfjs `e mbrmubt A14.
p `w
`w j r s mb r mumu b t S8= t f r ` ua ua f cu s j = b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e
ho`mk. Mbrmubt S8= cjjns tfj HMG. F@XE] 
Qf jeje t f j H M G d m t bv bv d t j s t f j f `r
`r e s , b t j ej
ejr a bz
bz js
js
SJFBMOJ
SJFBMOJ ^FJC^ ]JM
]JMZXB^R
ZXB^R ]R]^JG @YJ
@YJXD
XD^B@E
^B@E t f j f ` r e r j od
o d y h y p r`
r `v bn
bn be
b e a d a r `u
`u e n p d t f c `r
`r t f j
J d mf n`
n```r, t f j o b ct
ct a d t j , f ` `n,
`n, d e n t f j o bc
bc t a o d s s b e r j od
od y m`b o `e mb r mu
mu b t V>
V>.. M b r mu mu b t C=
C=44 cr `g`g c u s j 3 b e
tHf`jnyo b ct
cM
t a`det
ettjr `fod G
v j` dnu
e o jd l(H
nu (dHr MsG
w b).
).t mf
mf^ftjf ddtldmr`esewjm
jbmttmf
msf jt `
s dt fr jj tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs tfj m`bo
den m`etdmt sbnjs `c tfj rjody.
e ` r g d o o y ` p j e w f j e t f j n` ` r s , o b ct a d t j , o b c t a o d s s d e n Qfje tfj f`re rjody jejrabzj, bts m`etdmt mo`sj den
f ``
``n d r j mo `s `s jn
jn . Qf je je `e j `c t f jg jg `p je je , b t s d l d r m`eejmt mbrmubt C=4 t` mbrmubt V8. Mbrmubt V8 cjjns tfj
s w b t mf
mf mo `s `s js
js d e n m`e e jm jmt s t f j H M G t ` a r `u `u e n . B e f`res. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj f`res.
r j sp
sp `e
`e s j,
j, b c t f j Sj f bm bmo j ^f j ct ct ]j mumu r b t y ]y s t j g b s

6Q - =2 - 8 6 Q - = 2 SJF B MOJ ^F JC^ ]JMZ X B ^R ]R]^JG   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)
YDXKBEA ODGY]  ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
^fj HMG `pjrdtjs tfj pdrk odgps wfje bt sjesjs
u e d u t f ` r bz
bz jn
jn j e t r y t ` t f j v jf
jf b mo
mo j w f b o j t f j Sj f bmb mo j QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
^f jcjc t ] j mumu r bt
bt y ] y s t jg
jg b s d r g j n. n. Qf je je b t s jeje s jsjs ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
u e d ut
u t f `r
`r bz
b z jn
jn j e t r y,
y, t f j H M G j e jr jr ab
a b zj
zj s t f j p d r k tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
o d g p r j o d y hy p r ` v b nb e a a r ` u e n c` r t f j r j o d y m ` b o ` e y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
mb r mu
mu b t O 12
12. M b r mu
mu b t =33 p `w `w j r s t f j r j od od y m`b o d e n 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
m`etd
m` etd mts. Qfje
Qfje tfj rjody jej jejrabzjs
rabzjs,, bt m`eej `eejmmts mbr- t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
mubt =33 t` mbrmubt O29. Mbrmubt O29 p`wjrs tfj pdrk
o d g p s , s b nj g d r k j r o d g p s d e n t d b o o d g p s .
 

\L   6 Q - > 9 B E ]^X Z G JE^ MOZ ]^JX 6Q - >9 - 4

6Q->9 BE]^XZGJE^ MOZ]^JX

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]YJJN@


]YJJ N@GJ
GJ^J
^JX
X .................... ..... 4
DH]
DH ] QDXE
QDXEBEBEAA ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ^DM
DMF@G
F@GJ^
J^JX
JX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. 4
JEABEJ M@@ODE^
M@@ODE^ ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ ^ZXJ ADZAJ . . . . 4 ^ZXE
^ZX E ]BAEDO
]BAEDO BENB
BENBMD MD^@^@X X ODGY]
ODGY] . . . . . . ..... 8
CZJO
CZ JO AD
ADZA
ZAJJ . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4 S@O
S@ O^G
^GJ^
J^JX
JX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 4
FBAF
FB AF HJDG
HJDG BENB
BENBMD
MD^@^@X X ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 QDXEB
DXEBEA
EA ODGY]„
ODGY]„JVM JVMJY^ JY^ DH] . . . . . . . .... . 4
BOOZ
BOOZGB
GBED
ED^B
^B@E
@E ODGY
ODGY] ] .................... 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
BE^X
BE ^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ... ... .. 8
@BO
@B O YXJ]
YXJ]]Z
]ZXJXJ ADZA
ADZAJ J ................... 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E S@O^GJ^JX


^fj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG) hr`dnmdsts
BE^X@NZM^B@E systjg v`otdaj ndtd `e tfj MMN hus. ^fj gbmr`-pr`-
^fj jojmtr`ebm bestrugjet moustjr m`etdbes d gbmr`- mjss`
mjss`rr be tfj bestrugjet mo
moustjr
ustjr mdomuodtj v`
v`otgjtjr
otgjtjr
pr`mjss`
pr`m jss`rr wf bm bmff m`
m`etr`os
etr`os mo moustjr
ustjr cuem
cuemtb`es
tb`es hdsjn `e ejjnoj p`sbtb`e hdsj `e tfj sbaedo rjmjbvjn cr`g tfj
ndt d bt rjm
rjmjbv
jbvjs
js cr`g tfj MMN hus. Mbrmubt D8 D8:9 cr`g cr`g MMN hus.
cusj 44 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`w-
jrs mbrmubt C1: tfr`uaf cusj 1 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. CZJO ADZAJ
Mbrmubtt C1: p`wjrs tfj mo
Mbrmub moustjr
ustjr gbmgbmr`-
r`-pr`
pr`mj
mjss`
ss`rr pous ^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (Y M G ) t r d e s g bt
bt s
t f j w d r e b e a o d g ps
ps (jx mj
mjp t t f j DHDH ] w d r e b e a o d g p)
p) t f j c uj
uj o p j r mj
mj e t d a j n d t d `v jr
jr t f j M M N h us
us . ^f j
den tfj fbaf hjdg benbmdt`r odgp. ^fj moustjr gbmr`- gbmr`-
gbm r`-pr`
pr`mj
mjss`
ss`rr be tfj bestrugjet mo moustjr
ustjr mdomuodt
mdom uodt js
pr`mjss`r swbtmfjs tfj wdrebea odgps den fbaf hjdg p`sbtb`e `c tfj cujo aduaj ejjnoj hdsjn `e tfj sbaedo
benbmdt`r odgps `e den `cc hy m`etr`oobea d trdesbst`r c r `g
`g t f j Y M G .
b e t f j a r ` u e n p d t f c` r j d m f o d g p .
JEABEJ M@@ODE^ ^JGYJXD^ZXJ ADZAJ
QDXEBEA ODGY]„ JVMJY^
JVMJY^ DH
DH]
] ^fj Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG) hr`dnmdsts
M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt C 1:1: c jj jj n s d o o t f j w d r e be
b e a o d gp
gps b e t f j t f j j ea
ea be
be j m``o d e t t j gp
g p jr
jr d t u r j n d t d `v jr
jr t f j M M N
bestrugjet moustjr jxmjpt tfj DH] wdrbea odgp. ^fj h us
us . C r `g
`g t f j n d t d s baba ed
e d o `e t f j M M N h us us , t f j
g b mr
mr `-
`-p r `m
`mj ss
ss `r
`r b e t f j mo u st st j r m`e t r ` os
os j d mf mf o d g p bestrugjet moustjr gbmr`-pr`mjss`r mdomuodtjs m``odet
(jx mj
mjp t t f j DH D H ] o d g p)p) t f r ` ua
ua f d t r d e s bsb s t `r
`r b e t f j tjgpjrdturj aduaj ejjnoj p`sbtb`e.
ar`uen pdtf `c jdmf odgp. ^fj moustjr gbmr`-pr`mjs-
s`r tures tfj wdrebea odgps @E den @CC hdsjn `e DH]
DH] QDXEBEA ODGY
b e p u t s r j m j b v j n ` e t f j M M N hu s . M b r m u b t s \4 d e n \8 Mbrmubt C61 cr`g cusj : be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk pr`-
pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj odgps den gbmr`-pr`mjss`r. v b nj s p ` w j r c` r t f j D H ] w d r e b e a o d g p b e t f j b e s t r u -
g jeje t mo usus t jr
jr. A r ` ue
ue n c `r
`r t f j DH
DH ] w d r e b e a o d g p b s
]YJJN@GJ^JX pr`vbnj
pr` vbnjn n hy jbtfjr tfj M`etr`o M`etr`oojrojr,, Detb-O`m
Detb-O`mk k H rdkjs
^fj gbmr`-pr`m
gbmr`-pr`mjss` jss`rr be tfj bestr ugjet moustjr mdo- (MDH) `r hy tfj DH] gdbe rjody wfje tfj rjody bs
muodtjs tfj p`sbtb`e `c tfj spjjn`gjtjr ejjnoj hdsjn e`t jejrabzjn. ^fj MDH boougbedtjs tfj odgp hy pr`-
`e tfj vjfbmoj spjjn sbaedo hr`dnmdst `e tfj MMN hus vbnbea ar`uen `e mbrmubt H89:.
hy t f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r ` o G ` nu o j . ^ f j Y M G nj t j r - M b r mu
mu bt
b t H 8 9:9: s po
po bm
bmj s t ` m`e e jm
jmt t ` mb rm r mu bt
bt H > 1
gbejs vjfbmoj spjjn cr`g tfj beput pr`vbnjn hy tfj t f r `u
`u a f d n b` b `n j.
j. Qf jeje t f j DHDH ] g d b e r jojo d y b s e ` t
vjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r. jejrabzjn, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt H>1 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt
\>. ^fj ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj wdrebea odgp bs tfr`uaf
^DMF@GJ^JX
^f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (Y M G ) t r d e s g b t s tfj nb`nj t`
t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt H>1,
\>. tfr`uaf tfj DH] gdbe rjody
t f j j e a b e j X Y G nd t d ` e t f j M M N hu s . Cr ` g t f j hu s , ^fj nb`nj hjtwjje mb mbrmub
rmubtt H 89: den H >1 prjvjets
prjvjets
tfj best rugjet mo moustjr
ustjr mdomuodt
mdomuodt js td mf`gj
f`gjtjrtjr e jjjjnoj
noj v `o
`o t d a j cr `g
`g c o `w
`w b e a t ` t f j M DH w f j e t f j DH
DH ] g d b e
p`sbtb`e hdsjn `e tfj jeabej XYG sbaedo. rjody swbtmfjs t` suppoy p`wjr `e mbrmubt H>1.

6Q - >9 - 8 6 Q - > 9 B E ]^X Z G JE ^ MOZ ]^JX   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  ^ZXE ]BAEDO BENBMD^@X ODGY]
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E M b r mu
mu b t s O 3:
3: d e n O 3> 3> cr ` g t f j t u r e s b ae ae d o /f d z d r n
p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g
`g cu sjsj 6 b e t f j codsfjr mb mbrmub
rmubtry
try be t fj guotb-cuem
guotb-cuemtb`e tb`e sw btmf p`wjr
Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D84. Mbr- t f j t u r e s b a e d o b e nb m d t ` r o d g p s . M b r m u b t O 3 > p ` w j r s
mu b t D 8484 p ` w jr
jr s mb r mu
mu b t C6 1 t f r ` ua
ua f c u sj
sj : b e t f j t f j r b af
af t t u r e s ba b a e d o b e nb
nb md
md t ` r o d g p.
p. M b r mumu bt
b t O 3:3:
luemtb`e ho`mk. p `w
`w j r s t f j o jct
jct b e nbm
nbmd t ` r o d g p . M b r m ub ub t s \4 d e n \8
pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj odgps.
@BO YXJ]]ZXJ ADZAJ
^fj bestr ugjet moustjr gbmr` gbmr`--pr`m
pr`mjss`
jss`rr mdomuodt js BOOZGBED^B@E
BOOZGBED^B@E OD
ODG
G Y]
j e ab
ab e j `b o p r js
js s u r j a d u a j e j jno
jno j p `s
`s b t b`
b`e hd s j n `e M b r mu
mu bt
b t J 8 c r `g
`g t f j f jd
jd n o d g p s w b t mf
mf p `w
`w j r s t f j
tfj `bo prjssurj ndtd rjmjbvjn `vjr tfj MMN hus. ^fj b o ou
ou g b e d t b `e
`e o d g p s b e t f j b e s t r u gj
gj e t mo u s t jr
jr. M b r -
Y ` w jr
jr t r d be
be M `e
`e t r `o
`o G `n `n uo
u o j (Y M G ) t r d e sg
s g bt
bt s t f j mubts \4 den \8 pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj odgps.
ndtd `vjr tfj MMN hus.

FBAF HJDG BENBMD^@X ODGY ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]


^f j g b mr mr `-
`-p r `m
`mj ssss `r
`r b e t f j b e s t r u gj
gj e t mo u st st j r
s w b t m f j s t f j f b a f hj d g b e nb m d t ` r o d g p @ E d e n @ CC QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
t f r `u
`u a f d t r d e s bs b s t `r
`r b e o d g ps
ps a r `u`u e n mb r mu
mu bt
b t . ^f j ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
H ` ny M ` e t r ` o G ` nu o j (H M G ) s b a e d o s t f j b e s t r u g j e t tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
moustjr gbmr`-pr`mjss`r `vjr tfj MMN hus t` ture tfj y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
fbaf hjdg benbmdt`r @E `r @CC. Mbrmubt C1: p`wjrs 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
tfj odgp. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

\L   6 Q - > 4 F @X E / MB ADX OB AF ^JX 6Q - >4 - 4

6Q->4 F@XE/MBADX OBAF^JX

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Qfje tfj `pj pjrd


rd t`r njp
njprjssj
rjssjss tfj obaftjr
obaftjr,, m`etdmts
besbnj tfj obaftjr jojgjet
jojgjet mo mo`s
`sj,
j, d en v`otdaj
v`otdaj cr`cr`g
g mb
mbr-
r-
F@XE mu bt
bt C =9
=9 c o `w
`w s t f r`
r `u af
af t f j f jd jd t be
b e a jo j g je
je t t `
^f j f `r`r e s y s t jg
jg b s p `w `w j r jn
jn hy mb r mumu b t C= 4 cr `g`g ar`uen. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj obaftjr.
cu s j 3 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM ). M b r -
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
mubtt C=4 suppob
mub suppobjs js v`otd
v`otd aj t` tfj m` m`bo
bo d en m` m`etd
etd mt sbnjs
`c t f j f `r`r e r j od
od y b e t f j Y N M . Mbrmubt \4 dos` ar`uens tfj p`wjr `utojt.
Qf je je t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p rj
rj ss
ss js
js t f j f `r`r e s w b t mf
mf , d
ar`uen pdtf bs m`gpojtjn `e tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj f`re Y@QJX @Z^OJ^
r j od
od y t f r ` ua
ua f t f j md s j a r `u`u e njn
njn s w b t mf
mf , `e mb r mu
mu b t Mbrmubt D1 cr`g 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje-
V>.. ^fj f`re rjody m`etdmts tfje mo`
V> o`sjs
sjs t ` m`eejm
m`eejmtt tjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C=6 tfr`uaf cusj 84 be tfj
mb r mu
mu bt
b t C =4
=4 t ` mb r mu mu bt
b t V 8.
8. M b r mu
mu bt
b t V 8 p `w `w j r s t f j lu e mt
mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t C= 6 cj jns
jns t f j p `w
`w j r `u t o jt
jt .
f`res. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj f`res. Mbrmubts D1 den C=6 drj F@^ dt doo tbgjs. Mbrmubt \4
@e vjfbm
vjfbmojs
ojs jqubp
jqubppj pjn n wbtf Sjfbmjfbmojoj ^fjct ]jm ]jmurbty
urbty pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj p`wjr `utojt.
]ystjg (S^]]), tfj V> mbrmubt bs spobmjn t` tfj H`ny
M`etr`o G`nuoj
G`nuoj (H MG) MG).. C`r `pj pjrd
rd tb`e `c tfj S^ S^]] ]] , ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
rjcjr t` sjmtb`e 6Q 6Q--=2 =2..

MBADX OBAF^JX QBXBEA NBDAXDG


^fj c`oo`wbea BENJV
benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
^f j mb a d r o ba
ba f t j r r j od
od y p `w
`w j r s t f j mb a d r o ba ba f t j r.
r. tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
^f j r j od
od y j e jr
jr a b zj
zj s w f j e t f j b a e b t b `e
`e s w b t mf mf b s b e y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
t f j D M M J ] ] @ XR
XR `r X Z E p `s `s bt
bt b `e
`e . B e t f j DM DM M J ] - 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
]@ X R ` r X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b`e , t f j s w b t mf
mf m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
D4 c r `g
`g c usus j 6 b e t f j Y ` w jr jr N b s t rbr b hu
hu t b `e
`e M je
je t j r
(Y NM) t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D=4. M brm brmubt
ubt D=4 p`wjrsp`wjrs rjody m` m`bo.
bo.
Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody m`bo.
Qfje tfj rjody jejrabzjs, bts m`eejmts mbrmubt C34
cr ` g cu s j 4 9 b e t f j Y NM t ` m b r m u b t C= 9 . M b r m u b t C= 9
p`wjrs tfj mbadr obaftjr.
 

\L   6 Q - > 8 DB X M@E N B ^B @E B E A/ F JD^JX 6Q - >8 - 4

6Q->8 DBX M@ENB^B@EBEA/FJD^JX

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E ^JGYJXD


^JGYJX D^ZX
^ZXJJ M@E^X@O
M@E^X@O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 HO@QJX G@^@X„DZ^@GD
G@^@X„DZ^@GD^BM ^BM
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ^JGYJX
^JG YJXD D^ZX
^ZXJJ M@E^X@O
M@E^X@O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
D/M @YJXD^B@E„DZ^
@YJXD^B@E„DZ^@GD @GD^BM ^BM ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ ^ZXJ HO@QJX
HO@QJ X G@^@X„GDEZ
G@^@X„GDEZDO DO D/M-F
D/M-FJD JD^JX
^JX . . . . . 4
M@E^
M@ E^X@
X@OO.... ..... ...... ..... ..... .... 8 BE-MDX
BE-MDX ^JGYJ
^JGYJXDXD^ZX
^ZXJ J ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
D/M @YJXD
@YJXD^B@
^B@E„G
E„GDEZ DEZDO DO D/M . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 GDEZ
GD EZDO
DO D/
D/M-
M-FJ
FJDD^J
^JX X ..... ...... ..... ..... 4
DGHBJE
DGH BJE^
^ ^JGYJX
^JGYJXD D^ZX
^ZXJ J ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . . . . . . . . . . 8 G@NJ N@@X G@^@X„DZ^@GD^BM
DZ^@GD^BM ^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O (D^M) ^JGYJX
^JG YJXD D^ZX
^ZXJJ M@E^X@O
M@E^X@O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
G@NZ
G@ NZOJ
OJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 XJMBXMZOD^B@E N@@X G@^@X„DZ^@GD^BM
DZ^@GD
DZ^@G D^BM ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ ^ZXJ M@E^X@O (D (D^M) . . 8 ^JGYJX
^JG YJXD D^ZX
^ZXJJ M@E^X@O
M@E^X@O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
HOJEN DBX N@@X G@^@ G@^@X X DM^ZD
DM^ZD^@X„ ^@X„ ]@OD
]@ ODX
X ]JE]
]JE]@X@X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
GDEZ
GD EZDO
DO D/
D/M-
M-FJFJD D^J
^JX X ................... 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
HOJEN N@@X G@^@X„DZ^@GD^BM QBXB
QB XBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. =

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E HO@QJX G@^@X„ GDEZDO D/M-FJD^JX


^fj ho` ho`wjr
wjr g`t`g`t`rr swbtmf fd s c` c`ur
ur p`p`sbtb`
sbtb`es;
es; O@QO@Q,,
BE^X@NZM^B@E G J N B Z G 4, G J N B Z G 8, DE DE N F B A F . M b rm r mu bt
b t D42
^fbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs bs nbvbnjn bet` cr`g cusj 1 be tfj YNM suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj ho`wjr
tw ` suh-sjm
suh-sjmtb`es;
tb`es; Gde ud o D/ D/M-M-Fjd
Fjd tjr, d en Dut`gdt bm g `t`t ` r.
r. Ar ` u e n c `r `r t f j ho `w `w j r g `t `t ` r b s s u pp
pp ob
ob jn
jn `e
^jgpj
jgpjrdt rdt urj M`etr`o (D^M) M).. Qfje rjcj rjcjrrbea
rrbea t` tfj mbrmubt M1 tfr`uaf tfj ho`wjr g`t`r rjsbst`r ho`mk t`
mb r mu
mu b t nj sm
smr b pt
pt b `e
`e s `r w b r b e a nb d a r d g s , j e su
su r j t f d t tfj ho`wjr g`t`r swbtmf, tfr`uaf de betjredo rjody be
y`u usj tfj m`rrjmt `ej. t f j D/M -F -F j d t j r M `e `e t r `o
`o f jd jd n . Qf je je t f j b e t jr jr e d o
rjody jejrabjejrabzjs,
zjs, bt m`eej `eejmmts tfj ho` ho`wjr
wjr g`t`
g`t`rr swbtmf
t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt M4. M brm brmubt
ubt M4 m` m`eejm
eejmts ts t` ar`uen mbrmubt mbrmubt
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E \>.
Be tfj FBAF p`sbtb`e, tfj ho`wjr g`t`r swbtmf m`e-
GDEZDO D/M-FJD^JX e j mtmt s mb r mu
mu b t M 1 cr `g `g t f j ho `w `w j r g `t `t ` r nb r j mt
mt o y t `
]jvjrdo cusjs suppoy p`wjr c`r tfj gdeudo dbr m`e- a r`
r `u ene n `e mb r mu mu bt
bt s M 4 d e n \>. B e t f j O @Q @Q ` r
nbtb`ebea/fjdtjr systjg. Qfje tfj baebtb`
nbtb`ebea/ baebtb`e
e swbtmf bs G J NB Z G p `s `s b t b`
b`e s , t f j a r ` u e n p d t f p d s s js js t f r ` ua
ua f
be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj t f j ho `w `w j r g `t`t ` r r j sb sb s t `r
`r ho `m
`mk t ` t f j s w b t mf mf . ^f j
6 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM ) t ` m b r m u b t swbtmf m`eejmts tfj mbrmubt M4.
D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`wjrs mbrmubt C14 tfr`uaf cusj 48 ^fj ho` ho`wjr
wjr g`t`g`t`rr rjsb rjsbst`rst`r ho`
ho`mmk m`esb`esbsts
sts `c t frjj
be tf j luemtb`e ho` ho`mk.
mk. Mbr mubt C14 m`eejmts m`eejmts t` tfj D/M rjsbst`rs
rjsbs t`rs m`eej
`eejmtj mtjn n be sjrbj sjrbjs.s. Njpj
Njpjenbea
enbea `e ho`wjr
m`etr`o swbtmfjs den tfj hojen dbr n``r g`t`r. g`t`r swbtmf p`sbtb`e, tfj ar`uen pdtf `e mbrmubt M1
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E c r `g
`g t f j ho `w `w j r g `t `t ` r p d s s j s t f r `u
`u a f `e j `r g `r `r j
p`sbtb`e, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt D84. Mbrmubt rjsbst`rs t` mbrmubt M4.
D84 p`wjrs mbrmubt C22 tfr`uaf cusj 46 be tfj YNM. Qfje tfj ho`wjr g`t`r swbtmf bs be tfj O@Q p`sb-
Mbrmubt C22 p`wjrs tf j m`bo sbnj `c tfj D/M m` m`gprjs-
gprjs- tb`e, tfj ar`uen pdtf pdssjs tfr`uaf doo tfrjj rjsbs-
s`r moutmf rjody. t`rs be tfj ho`wjr g`t`r rjsbst`r ho`mk t` mbrmubt M>.
Mbrmubt D299 cr`g cusj = be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt ^fj ho` ho`wjr
wjr g`t`
g`t`rr swbtmf m` m`eejm
eejmts ts mbrm
brmubt
ubt M> t` mb mbr-
r-
C8:9 tfr`uaf cusj 84 be tfj YNM. Mbrmubt C8:9 p`w- m u b t s M 4 d e n \> .
j r s t f j m`e t d m t s b nj
nj `c t f j D/M m`g p r js js s `r
`r mo u t mf
mf B e t f j G JN J N B Z G 4 p `s bt bt b`
b `e , t f j a r` r `u en
en p d t f
rjody.
Mbrmubt J8 cr`g tfj fjdnodgp nbggjr swbtmf p`w- p d s s j s t f r ` u a f t w ` r j s b s t ` r s b e t f j r j s b s t ` r ho ` m k t `
mbrmubt
mbrm ubt M:. ^fj ^fj ho`wjr g`t`r sw btmf m`eejmts m`eejmts mbrm mbrmubt
ubt
jrs t fj mdsj ar`uenj
ar`uenjn
n boougb
boougbed
ed tb`e od gp be tfj D/M- M : t ` m b r m u b t s M 4 d e n \> .
fjdtjr m`etr`o swbtmf. B e t f j G JN J N B Z G 8 p `s bt bt b`
b `e , t f j a r` r `u en
en p d t f
p d s s js
js t f r ` ua
ua f `e j r j sb sb s t `r
`r b e t f j r j sb sb s t `r
`r ho `m
`mk t `
mbrmubt
mbrm ubt M3. ^fj ^fj ho`wjr g`t`r sw btmf m`eejmts m`eejmts mbrm mbrmubt
ubt
M 3 t ` m b r m u b t s M 4 d e n \> .

6Q - >8 - 8 6 Q - > 8 DB X M@E N B ^B @E B E A/ FJD^JX   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

D/M @YJ
@YJXD
XD^B@E„
^B@E„ GDEZD
G DEZDO
O D/M Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt
Qfje tfj D/M- M-fjd
fjd tjr m` m`etr
etr `o swbt mf bs g`vj g`vjn n t` d e C39
C3 9 t f r ` uaua f cu sj
sj 89 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t
D/M p` p`sbtb`e
sbtb`e `r t fj njcr`st p` p`sbtb`e,
sbtb`e, t fj H `ny M `etr`o C39 suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj D^M g`nuoj.
G`nuoj (HMG) r jm jmjbvj
jbvjss tf j D/ D/M sjojm
sjojmtt sbaed o `e mbr- Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be tfj ]^ ]^DDX^ `r XZ E
mubt M29. Dctjr rjmjbvbea tfj beput, tfj HMG sbaedos p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D 4 c r `g
`g Y N M c u s j 6 t `
t f j Y ` w jr
jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o G `n`n u oj
oj (Y M G ) ` e t f j M M N mbrmubt
mbrmubt D84.D84. Mbr mubt D84 D84 p`wjrs mbrm mbrmubt
ubt C22 t fr`uaf
hus. cusj 46 be tfj YNM. Mbrmubt C22 p`wjrs tfj m`bo sbnj
^fj D/M o` o`w
w prjs
prjssurj
surj den fbaf prjs prjssurj
surj swbtmfjs `c t fj D/M m`m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r moutmf rjod y.
drj wbrjn be sjrbjs den m`eejmt t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt Mbrmubt D42 cr`g cusj 1 be tfj YNM m`eejmts t` tfj
\4. M b r mumu bt
b t M = c r `g
`g t f j Y M G m`e e jm jmt s t ` t f j o `w`w   h o`
o`w j r p `w
`w j r g `n
`n u oj
o j d e n t ` t f j m`b o d e n m`e t d m t
prjssurj
prjs surj sw btmf. Mbrmubt M84 m`eej m`eejmtsmts t fj o` o`w
w prjs
prjs-- sbnjs `c tfj fbaf spjjn ho`wjr g`t`r rjody.
s u rj
r j s w b t mf
mf t ` t f j f b af af p rjr j ss
ss u rj
r j s w b t mf
mf . ^f j f b af
af
prjssurj
prjs surj sw btmf m`eejm m`eejmts ts mbrm
brmubt
ubt M84 t` ar`uen mbr- DZ^@GD^BM ^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O (D^M)
mu b t \4
\4.. B c t f j D /M o `w `w p r js
js s u r j d e n f b a f p r jsjs s u rj
rj G@NZOJ
swbtmfjs d rj mo` o`sjn,
sjn, t fj Y MG sjesj sjesjss tfj D/M rjqujst M b r mu
mu b t C1 4 s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j Du t ` -
sbaedo `e mbrmubt M=. gd tbm ^jgp jgpjrdturj
jrdturj M`etr`o (D^M) g`nuo g`nuoj j wfje tfj
Dctjr sjesbea tf j D/ D/M r jqujst sbae d o, tf j Y MG sup- b a e bt
bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf b s b e t f j X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b`e . M b r mu
mu b t C3 9
pobjs ar `uen c`r t fj m`bo sbn j `c D/ D/M m`m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r moutmf c r `g
`g c u s j 8 9 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m`mk m`e e j mt mt s t ` t f j
rjody `e mbrmubt M4=. Mbrmubt C22 cr`g cusj 46 be tfj D^M g`nuoj. Mbrmubt C39 bs F@^ dt doo tbgjs. Mbrmubt
Y N M p `w`w j r s t f j m `b`b o s b nj ` c t f j r j od
od y . \> pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj D^M g`nuoj.

rjQ od yfje
od , t ftf
j jm`YeMG
t d mt sar`uens
`s j dtfj
mo `s e n D/ m`Me em`
m`gprjss`r
jgprjss`r mu b t moutmf
mt mb r mu
mt C8:
C8 :9 M b r mu
ejmts mt`
u b ttfj
J 8D^M
c r ` gg`nuoj.
t f j f j d no d g p nb g g jr
jr s w b t mf
m f m `e -
c r `g
`g c usus j 8 4 b e t f j Y N M t ` m br br mu
mu bt
b t M 8.8. M b r mu
mu bt
bt M 8 ^fj D^ D^M g`nuoj m`ggue m`ggue bmdtjs wbt f `tfjr vjfbm vjfbmojoj
suppobjss p`
suppobj p`wjr
wjr t` tf j md sj a r`uenjn D/M m` m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r g`nuojs den m`etr`oojrs `e tfj MMN hus. Mbrmubts N4
moutmf. den N8 c`r tfj MMN Hus m`eejmt t` tfj D^M g`nuoj.
^fj D/M m` m`gprjs
gprjss` s`rr momoutmf
utmf fd s d hubot- hubot-bebe nb`nb`nj.
nj.
^f j nb `nj`nj m`e t r ` os
os t f j b e nu mjmj n v `o`o t d a j t f d t r j su
su o t s DGHBJE^ ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ
^ZXJ ]JE]@
]JE]@X
X
cr `g
`g t f j g d a e j t b m cb jo
jo n m`o od
od p s b e a w f j e t f j mo u t mf mf ^f j d g h bj bj e t t jg
jg pj
pj r d t u rj
r j s je
je s`
s `r b s d v d r bd bd h oj
oj
nbsjead
nbsj ead ajs. ^fj
^fj nb`nj pr`vbnjpr`vbnjss d murrjet pdtf t` pr`- r j sb
sb s t `r
`r. M b r mu
mu b t M 6 p r `v
`v bnj
bnj s t f j d g hb je je t t j g pj
pj r d -
tjmt `tfjr m`gp`ejets den systjgs. t u r j s jeje s `r
`r s b ae
ae d o t ` t f j D^D^M g `nu `nu o j.
j. M b r mu
mu b t N> 4
pr`vbnj
pr` vbnjss ar`uen c` c`rr tfj sjes`
sjes`r. r. M brm
brmubt
ubt N>4 m`eejm
m`eejmts ts
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  t` tfj D^M g`nuoj.
Mbrmubt D299 cr`g cusj = be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt
C8:9 tfr`uaf YNM cusj 84. BE- MD
MDX
X ^J
^JG
G YJXD
YJXD^ZXJ
^ZXJ ]JE]@
]JE]@X
X
^fj be-mdr
be-mdr tjgpj
tjgpjrdt
rdt urj sjes`r
sjes`r bs d vdrbd hoj rjsbs-
rjsbs-

HOJEN DBX N@@X G@^@X DM^ZD^@X„ GDEZDO


D/M-FJD^JX
t`r. Mbrmubt M49 pr`vbnjs tfj be-mdr tjgpjrdturj sje-
s`rr sbaedo t` tfj D^
s` D^M g`nuo
g`nuoj. j. M brm
brmubt
ubt N>4 pr`vbnjs
pr`vbnjs
^fj D/D/M-
M-Fjd
Fjd tjr m` m`et
et r`o fjd n m` m`et
et d bes d hojen n`` n``rr a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r t f j s je
je s `r
`r. M b r mu
mu b t N> 4 m `e
`e e j mt
mt s t ` t f j
p`sbtb`
p` sbtb`e
e sjes`
sjes`r. r. ^fj
^fj sjes`r bs d vdrbd hoj rjsbst`r rjsbst`r tfd t D^M g`nu oj.
p r `v
`v bnj
bnj s t f j ho jeje n n`n`` `r p `s
`s b t b`
b`e b e pu
pu t t ` t f j ho je
je n
n``r g`t`r dmtudt`r `e mbrmubt M=3. ]@ODX ]JE]@X
Mbrmubt C14 cr`g cusj 48 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk p`w- ^fj s`odr sjes`r bs d vdrbdhoj rjsbst`r. Mbrmubt M>1
jrs tfj dmtudt`r wfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj cr`g
cr` g tfj D^M g`nuo
g`nuoj j m`eej
`eejmmts t` tfj s`
s`odr
odr sjes`
sjes`r.
r.
X Z E p `s `s bt
bt b `e
`e . M b rm
r mu bt
b t M =>
=> s po po bm
bmj s t ` m`e e jmj mt t f j Mbrmubtt N>4 pr`vbnjs
Mbrmub pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`c`rr tfj sjes`
sjes`r.
r. Mbrmubt
hojen n``r dmtudt`r t` ar`uen mbrmubt \4. N>4 m`eejmts t` tfj D^M g`nuoj.

DZ^@GD^BM ^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O (D^M) D/M @YJXD^B@E„ DZ^@GD^BM ^JGYJXD^ZXJ


]jvjrd o cusjs su ppoy p`w
p`w jr c`r t fj Dut`gd
Dut`gd tbm ^jg-
^jg- M@E^X@O
pjrd
pjrd turj M`etr`o (D^
(D^M) systjg. Qfje tfj baebtb`
baebtb`e
e Qfje tfj D/M sjojm
sjojmtt swbt mf be tf j Dut`gd
Dut`gd tbm ^jg-
swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 pjrd turj M`etr`o (D^M) m`
pjrd m`etr`o
etr`o fjdn mo mo`s
`sjs
js mb
mbrmub
rmubtt
cr ` g c u s j 6 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM ) M29 pr`vbnj
pr`vbnjss tfj D/M sjo sjojm jmtt sbaedo t` tfj H `ny M `e-
t ` mb r mumu bt
b t D88. M b r mu
mu bt
b t D88 p `w `w j r s mb rm r mu bt
b t C 14 14 t r ` o G `nu
`nu o j (H M G ). ). Dc t j r r j mj mj bv
bv b e a t f j b e pu
pu t , t f j
t f r ` ua
ua f cu sjsj 48 b e t f j lu e mt
mt b `e
`e ho `m `mk . M b r mu
mu b t C1 4 H M G s b a e d o s t f j Y ` w j r t r d b e M ` e t r ` o G ` nu o j (Y M G )
m`e e j mt
mt s t ` t f j D^M g `nu `nu o j d e n t f j r j mb mb r mu
mu o d t b `e
`e ` e t f j M M N hu s .
n``r g`t`r. ^fj D/M o` o`w
w prjs
prjssurj
surj de n fbaf prj prjssurj
ssurj swbtmfjs
drj wbrjn be sjrbjs den m`eejmt t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt

\L   6 Q - > 8 DB X M@E N B ^B @E B E A/ F JD^JX 6Q - >8 - =


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

\4. M b r mumu bt
b t M = c r `g
`g t f j Y M G m`e e jm jmt s t ` t f j o `w `w   s w b t mf
mf b e t f j ho je
je n n`
n``
`r g `t
`t ` r.
r. ^f j D^M g `nu
`nu o j
prjssurj
prjs surj sw btmf. Mbrmubt M84 m`eej m`eejmtsmts t fj o` o`w
w prjs
prjs-- rjmjbvjs tfj sjes`r sbaedo cr`g tfj hojen n``r g`t`r
s u rj
r j s w b t mf
mf t ` t f j f b af
af p rj
r j ss
ss u rj
r j s w b t mf
mf . ^f j f b af
af `e mb mbrmub
rmubtt M=3
M=3.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt N>4 pr`vbnj
pr`vbnjss ar`uen c`r tfj
prjssurj
prjs surj sw btmf m`eejm
m`eejmts ts mbrm
brmubt
ubt M84 t` ar`uen mbr- g`nj n``r n``r p`
p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e sjes`
sjes`r.
r. M brm
brmubt
ubt N>4 m`eejm
m`eejmts
ts t`
mu b t \4
\4.. B c t f j D /M o `w
`w p r js
js s u r j d e n f b a f p r js
js s u rj
rj tf j D^D^M g`nuoj.
swbtmfjs d rj mo` o`sjn,
sjn, t fj Y MG sjesj
sjesjss tfj D/M rjqujst ^fj D^M g`nuoj `pjrdtjs tfj g`nj n``r g`t`r `e
sbaedo `e mbrmubt M=. mbrmubts M=: den M=>.
Dctjr sjesbea tf j D/ D/M r jqujst sbae d o, tf j Y MG sup-
pobjs ar `uen c`r t fj m`bo sbn j `c D/ D/M m` m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r moutmf HO@QJX G@^@X„ DZ^@GD^BM ^JGYJXD^ZXJ
rjody `e mbrmubt M4=. Mbrmubt C22 cr`g cusj 46 be tfj M@E^X@O
Y N M p `w `w j r s t f j m `b
`b o s b nj ` c t f j r j od
od y . Qf je
je t f j `p jr
jr d t `r
` r s jo
jo jm
jmt s h o`
o`w j r g `t
`t `r
`r F B A F
Qfje tf j Y MG ar`uens tfj D/M m` m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r moutmf spjjn `p
spjjn `pjrdtb`e,
jrdtb`e, tfj Dut`gdtbm ^jgp jgpjrdtur
jrdtur j M`etr`o
r j od
od y , t f j m`e t d m t s mo `s
`s j d e n m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t C8 :9
:9 (D^M) g`nuoj ar`uens fbaf spjj spjjnn ho`wjr g`t`r r jody.
c r `g
`g c usus j 8 4 b e t f j Y N M t ` m br br mu
mu bt
b t M 8.
8. M b r mu
mu bt
bt M 8 C`r dey spjjn `tfjr tfde FBAF, tfj ho`wjr p`wjr
suppobjss p`
suppobj p`wjr
wjr t` tf j md sj a r`uenjn D/M m` m`gprjss`r
gprjss`r g`nuoj
g`nuo j suppobjs
suppobjs hd tt jry v`otdaj c` c`rr tfj ho`
ho`wjr
wjr g`t`
g`t`r.r.
moutmf.
^fj D/M m` m`gprjs
gprjss` s`rr momoutmf
utmf fd s d hubot- hubot-bebe nb`
nb`nj.
nj. HO@QJX G@^@X Y@QJX G@NZOJ 
^f j nb `nj `nj m`e t r ` os
os t f j b e nu mjmj n v `o`o t d a j t f d t r j su
su o t s Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts dey ho`wjr g`t`r spjjn
cr `g
`g t f j g d a e j t b m cb jojo n m`o od
od p s b e a w f j e t f j mo u t mf mf `t f j r t f d e F B A F , t f j h o` o`w j r g `t
`t `r
`r p `w `w j r g `n `n u oj
oj
nbsjead
nbsj ead ajs. ^fj^fj nb`nj pr`vbnjpr`vbnjss d murrjet pdtf t` pr`- s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j c`
c`rr t f j ho `w `w j r g `t
`t ` r.
r. M b r mu
mu b t D42
tjmt `tfjr m`gp`ejets den systjgs. c r ` g cu s j 1 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM )
s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j ho `w
`w j r g `t`t ` r p `w`w j r
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  g`nuoj.
Mbrmubt D299 cr`g cusj = be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt ^fj v`otdaj ojvjo cjn t` tfj ho`wjr g`t`r njpjens
C8:9 tfr`uaf YNM cusj 84. `e tfj ho`wjr spjjn sjojmtjn hy tfj `pjrdt`r. ]o`wjr
spjjn
spj jn sjo
sjojm
jmtb`es
tb`es pr`pr`vbnj
vbnj o`wjr v` v`otd
otd aj t` tfj g`t` g`t`r. r.
XJMBXMZOD^B@E N@@X G@^@X„ DZ^@GD^BM ^f j ho `w `w j r g `t `t ` r p `w`w j r g `nu
`nu o j c j jns
jns t f j ho `w `w j r
^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O g`t`r `e mbrmubt M >8 >8.. M brmubt \> pr`vbnjs
pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r
Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt t f j ho ` w j r g ` t ` r d e n t f j ho ` w j r g ` t ` r p ` w j r g ` n-
m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrb- uoj.
hutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`w- Mbrmubtt M>= cr`g
Mbrmub cr`g tfj p` p`wjr
wjr g`nuo
g`nuoj j m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` t fj
jrs mbrmubt C14 tfr`uaf cusj 48 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. D^M g`nuoj. ^fj D^M g`nuoj m` m`etr
etr `os cjjnhd mk `e
Mbrmubtt C14 cjjns
Mbrmub cjjns tfj rjm
rjmbrm
brmuodt
uodt b`
b`e
e n``
n``rr g`t`
g`t`r.
r. Mbr- mbrmubt M>=.
mubt C 14 dos` m`eejmts
m`eejmts t ` tfj Dut`gdt bm ^jgpjrdt urj
M`etr`o (D^M) g`nuoj. FBAF ]YJJN HO@QJX G@^@X XJODR 

Mbrmubts
Mbrmub ts M=8 d en M== cr`g t fj D^
D^M g`nuo
g`nuojj m`e- M jMbrmubt
e t j r s u D42
p p o b jcr`g
s hd t tcusj
j r y v1` obe
t d atfj
j t `Y`wjr
t f j m `Nbstrbhutb`e
bo den m`e-
ejmt t` tfj rjmbrmuodtb`e n``r g`t`r. Mbrmubts M=8 den
M== pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj g`t`r. tdmts sbnjs `c tfj fbaf spjjn ho`wjr g`t`r rjody. ^fj
D^M g`nuoj pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj
G@NJ N@@X G@^@X„ DZ^@GD^BM rjody `e mbrmubt M>4.
^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O Qf j e t f j D^M g `nu `nu o j a r ` u e ns t f j f b a f s pj pj jn
jn
Mbrmubt M>9 cr`g t fj Dut`gdt
Mbrmubt Dut`gdt bm ^jgpj^jgpjrdrd turj M`e- ho`wjr g`t`r rjody, tfj rjody m`etdmts mo`sj den m`e-
tr`o (D^M) g`nuo g`nuoj j supp
suppobj
objss : v`v`ots
ots t` tfj p`p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e ejmt mbrm
mbrmubt
ubt D42 t` mbrmubt M>8. Mbrmubt M>8 m`eejmts m`eejmts
s w b t mf
mf b e t f j g `nj
`nj n`
n``
`r g `t`t ` r.
r. ^f j D^M g `nu `nu o j t` tfj ho`wjr g`t`r den tfj D^M g`nuoj. Mbrmubt \>
rjmjbvjs tfj sjes`r sbaedo cr`g tfj g`nj n``r g`t`r pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj ho`wjr g`t`r.
`e mbrmubt
mbrmubt M=2
M=2.. M brm
brmubt
ubt N>4 pr`vbnj
pr`vbnjss ar`uen c`r t fj
g`nj n``r n``r p`
p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e sjes`
sjes`r.
r. M brm
brmubt
ubt N>4 m`eejm
m`eejmtsts t` ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
tfj D^M g`nuoj.
^fj D^M g`nuoj `pjrdtjs tfj g`nj n``r g`t`r `e QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mbrmubts M=1 den M=6.
tfbs^fj c`oo`wbea
sjmtb`e `c tfj benjx m`vjrs
wbrbea doo m`gp`ejets
nbdardgs. c`uen be
Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
HOJEN N@@
HOJEN N@@X
X G @^@
@^@X„
X„ DZ^@GD^
DZ^@GD^BM
BM y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
^JGYJXD^ZXJ M@E^X@O 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
Mbrmubtt M>9 cr`g t fj Dut`gdt
Mbrmub Dut`gdt bm ^jgpj
^jgpjrdrd turj M`e- t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
tr`o (D^M) g`nuo
g`nuojj supp
suppobj
objss : v`
v`ots
ots t` tfj p`p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e
 

\L   6 Q - > = DB X HDA ]R]^JG 6Q - >= - 4

6Q->= DBXHDA ]R]^JG

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E BE^X@N


BE^X @NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
DBXHDA
DBXHDA BGY
BGYDM^ ]JE]@X
]JE]@X] ]...... ...... ..... 4 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
DBXHDA
DBXHDA ]TZBH
]TZBH (DBXHD
(DBXHDA
A BAEB^JX
BAEB^JX)) . . . . . . . . . . . 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. 4
DBXH
DBXHDA
DA QDXE
QDXEBE
BEA
A ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E tfj mo`mk sprbea m`eejmt`r. Mbrmubt X>= cr`g mdvbty =
`c t f j DM G >-w d y m`e e j mt mt ` r m`e e j mtmt s t ` t f j s q u b h.
h.
BE^X@NZM^B@E Mbrmubt X>: cr`g mdvbty > `c tfj DMG >-wdy m`eejm-
^fbs vjfbmoj fds d nrbvjrs dbrhda den d pdssjeajrs t`r m`eejmts t` tfj squbh.
dbrhd a. ^fj Dbrhda M`etr`o G`nuoj (DMG) (DMG) `pjrdt`pjrdt js M b r mu
mu bt
b t s , X >8>8 d e n X >>>>, m`e e jm jm t t f j D M G t ` t f j
h` t f . ^ f j d b r hd a s y s t j g f d s t w ` s j e s ` r s , o ` m d t j n d t p d s s je
je a j r d b r hd a s q u b h (b a e bt
bt j r ).
). M b r mu
mu b t X >8
>8 cr `g
`g
t f j o j ct cr ` e t d e n r b a f t cr ` e t ` c t f j j e a b e j m ` g p d r t - mdvbty 4 `c tfj DMG >-wdy m`eejmt`r m`eejmts t` tfj
gjet. s q u b h.
h. M b r mumu b t X >>
>> c r ` g md v b t y 8 ` c t f j D M G > -w -w d y
Be tfj ]^ ]^D DX^ `r `r XZE p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e,
e, tfj baebtb`
baebtb`e e swbtmf m`eejmt`r m`eejmts t` tfj squbh.
m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrb-
hutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`w- DBXHDA QDXEBEA ODGY
jrs mbrmubt C89 tfr`uaf cusj 88 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C1: cr`g cusj 1 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk cjjns
Mbrmubt C89 m`eejmts t` tfj DMG. tfj dbrhda wdrebea odgp. Ar`uen mbrmubt \4 m`eejmts
Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt t` tfj wdrebea odgp tfr`uaf d trdesbst`r m`etr`oojn
m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt D84. Mbrmubt D84 p`wjrs h y t f j g bm b mr `p
`p r`
r `mj ss
ss `r
`r b e t f j b e st
st r u g je
je t mo us
us t jr
jr.
mbrmubt A: tfr`uaf cusj > be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbr- Qfje tf j gbmr`pr`mj
gbmr`pr`mjss`r ss`r rjmjbvjs
rjmjbvjs d sbaed o cr`g Dbr-
mu b t A: m`e e j mt mt s t ` t f j DM G . M b r mu mu b t \3 p r `v `v bnj
bnj s h d a M `e`e t r `o
`o G `n `n uo
u o j (DM G) G ) `e t f j M M N h us us , b t
ar`uen c`r tfj DMG. s w bt
bt mf
mf js
js t f j t r d es e s bs
bs t`
t `r t ` m`e ej
e j mt t f j o d g p t `
Mbrmubt D8:9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbr- ar`uen.
mubtt C1: tfr`uaf cusj 1 be tfj luemtb`
mub uemtb`e e ho`
ho`mmk. M brm
brmubt
ubt
C1: p`wjrs tfj dbrhda wdrebea odgp be tfj bestru-
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
gjet moustjr.

DBXHDA BGYDM^ ]JE]@X] QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV


^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
^w` d brhda bgpdmt sjes`rssjes`rs pr`vbnj
pr`vbnj beput t` tf j d br-
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
hda m`etr`o g`nuoj (DMG). Jdmf sjes`r fds tw` mbr-
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
mubts tfdt m`eejmt t` tfj DMG.
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
Cr`g tfj ojct bgpdmt sjes`r, Mbrmubts X>1 den X>2
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
m`eejmt t` tfj DMG.
C r `g
`g t f j r ba
b a f t b g pd
pd m t s je
je s `r
`r, M b r mu
mu bt
b t s X >3
>3 d e n
X>6 m`eej
m`eejmmt t` tfj DMG.

DBXHDA ]TZBH (DBXHDA BAEB^JX)


M b r mu
mu bt
b t s , X >=
>= d e n X >: >:, m`e e jm jmt t f j DM G t ` t f j
nr b vj
vj r s d b r hd
hd a s q u b h (ba
(ba e b t jr
jr ) d ct j r p d s s be
be a t f r ` ua
ua f
 

\L   6 Q - > > B E ^JX B @X OB AF ^B E A 6Q - >> - 4

6Q->> BE^JXB@X OBAF^BEA

BENJV

pdaj pdaj
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E @SJXFJ
@SJX FJDN
DN M@E]
M@E]@O@OJ
J ODGY]
ODGY] . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 8
M@ZX^J]R ODGY], MDXA@ ODGY, BAEB^B@E ZENJ
ZE NJXF
XF@@
@@NN ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 8
]QB^
]Q B^MF
MF KJR
KJR-B
-BE
E FDO@
FDO@ ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ZEBSJX
ZEB SJX]DO
]DO ADXDA
ADXDAJ J N@@X @YJEJX
@YJEJX . . . . .. . . 8
NDR/
ND R/EB
EBAF
AF^^ GBXX
GBXX@X@X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SB]@
SB]@XX SDEB
SDEB^R
^R GBXX
GBXX@X
@X]
] ..... ..... . . . . .. . . 8
AO@S
AO @SJJ H@V
H@V ODGY
ODGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
BOOZ
BOOZGB
GBED
ED^B
^B@E
@E ODGY
ODGY]] .................. . . 4 QBXB
QB XBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDGDG BENJ
BENJVV ..... ..... ...... .. 8
BE^X
BE ^X@N
@NZMZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E •   D/M-Fjd tjr m` m`etet r`o sw btmf


M b r mu
mu b t \4 p r `v `v b nj
nj s a r `u
`u e n c` c`rr t f j co ``
``r m`e s `o `o j
BE^X@NZM^B@E o d g p s,
s, b e s t r u gj
gj e t p d e j o o d g p s , d s f r j mj
mj bv
bv jr
jr o d g p ,
^fj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) m`etr`os tfj m`ur- ardpfbm nbspody `r SBM. Mbrmubt \> ar`uens tfj dut`-
t j s y o d g p s d e n r j d r md r a ` o d g p s . ^f ^f j r j d nb e a n`
n`g gj/ g d t b m t j g pj
pj r d t u r j m`e t r ` o s w b t m f o d g p . M b r mu
mu b t \:
r jd
jd n bebe a o d gp g p s b e t f j `v jr jr fj
f j d n m`e s`s `o j d mtmt d s a r ` u e ns t f j r d nb ` o d g p . ^ f j m b a d r o b a f t j r o d g p d e n
m`u r t jsjs y o d g ps ps d s w j oo oo d s m`e t d b e be
b e a d s w b t mf
mf c `r `r D/M-M-Fjd
Fjd tjr m` m`etr
etr `o sw btmf odg p (gd eud o D/M- M-Fjd
Fjd tjr)
benjpjenjet `pjrdtb`e. drj mdsj ar`uenjn.
M b r mu
mu b t 191 c r `g `g t f j nb g g jr jr s w b t mf
mf mb r mu
mu b t r y b e
tfj fjdn odgp swbtmf pr`vbnjs tfj boougbedtb`e odgp M@ZX^J]R ODGY], MDXA@ ODGY, BAEB^B@E
b e t je
je s bt
bt y s ba
b a e d o t ` t f j H M G . ^f j H M G p `w `w j r s t f j ]QB^MF KJR-BE FDO@ ODGY
boougbedtb`e odgps `e mbrmubt J8. Qfje tfj m`urtjsy odgp swbtmf mo`sjs, bt m`eejmts
Qfje t fj baebtb`e sw btmf bs be t fj ] ^DX^ `r XZ E mbrmubt G44 cr`g tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj t` ar`uen
p `s
`s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g`g cu sjsj 6 b e t f j `e mb r mu
mu b t \4. B e r j sp
sp `e
`e s j t f j t ` t f j m`u r t j sy
sy o d g p
Y NM t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D84 84.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D84 p`wjrs p`wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt C22 sbaedo, tfj HMG jejrabzjs tfj m`urtjsy odgp rjody hy
t f r ` u a f Y NM cu s j 4 : . M b r m u b t C2 2 c j j ns t f j H M G . ar`uenbea t fj rjody m`b `boo `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt G4 G448
48.. Qfje tfj
B e t f j D M M J ]]@ X R ` r X Z E p ` s b t b ` e , t f j b a e b t b ` e rjody jej
jejrabzj
rabzjs,
s, bt m`eej
`eejmmts mb mbrmub
rmubtt G8 t` ar`uen `e
swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 t` mbrmubt D=4. Mbrmubt D=4 mbrmub
mbrmubtt \4
\4.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt G8 pr`vbnj
pr`vbnjss ar`uen c`r tfj rbaft
p `w
`w j r s mb r mu mu b t S8= t f r ` ua ua f cu s j = b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e de n ojc
ojctt m`
m`urtjsy
urtjsy odgps, n`gj n`gj/ /rjdnbea odgps, kjy- kjy-be
be

ho`mk. Mbrmubt S8= cjjns tfj HMG. fdo` odgp den mdra` odgp.
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e
BOOZGB ED
ED^B@E
^B@E ODGY] M j e t j r (Y N M ) p `w`w j r s mb r mumu b t G 4 t f r ` u a f cu sj
sj 43 b e
Qfje tfj fjdnodgps `r pdrkbea odgps drj @E, tfj t f j lu e m t b ` e ho ` m k . M b r m u b t G 4 p ` w j r s t f j r b a f t d e n
^f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu `nu o j (H M G ) r j mbmb jv
jv js
js t f j p d r k ojct m`urtjsy odgps, baebtb`e swbtmf kjy-be fdo` odgp,
o d g p b e p u t `e mb r mu mu b t O 29
29 d e n t f j b oooo u g be
be d t b ` e o d g p de n mdr a` odgp. Mbrmubt G4 d os` p`wjrs p`wjrs tfj ao` ao`vj vj h`x
h`x
betjesbty sbaedo `e mbrmubt mbrmubt 191 91.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt 19 191 1 cr`g t fj o d g p d e n u e nj r f ` ` n o d g p .
nbggjr swbtmf mbrmubtry be tfj fjdn odgp swbtmf pr`-
v bn
bn js
js t f j b oo oo ug
ug b ede d t b `e
`e o d g p b e t je
je s bt
bt y s ba
ba e d o t ` t f j N@@X M@ZX^J]R ODGY] 
HMG. Qfje tfj HMG rjmjbvjs tfj m`urtjsy odgp sbaedo,
Dc t j r md o m uo uo d t b e a t f j r j q u js
js t j n b o ou
ou g b e d t b `e
`e o d g p b t h r `d
`d n md
m d s t s d g js
js sd
s d a j `e t f j M M N h u s. s. ^f j g j s -
b e t j s b t y , t f j H M G p ` w j r s t f j c` o o ` w b e a b o o u g b e d t b ` e s d a j s ba
ba e d o s t f j N r b vj
vjr s N ``
` `r G `n `n u oj
oj (N N G ) d e n
odgps `e mbrmubt J8< Y d s s je
je a jr
jr N `` ` `r G `n
`n u ojoj (Y N G ).
). B e r js js p`
p`e s j,
j, t f j
•   F j d no d g p s w b t m f
N N G d e n Y N G p `w j r t f j m `u `u rt
r t js
j s y o d gp
gps b e t f j
•   Co``r m`es`oj c r `e
`e t n`
n```r s `e mb r mu
mu b t G 4.
4. M b r mu
mu b t \4 a r `u
`u e ns t f j

  Bestrugjet pdejo m`urtjsy odgps be tfj cr`et n``rs.
•  Dsf rjmjbvjr Mbrmubt C64 cr`g tfj mbrmubt hrjdkjr be mdvbty 8 `c
•   Ar d p f bm
bm Nb s po
po d y `r Sj f bm
bmo j B e c`r
c`r g d t b ` e M j e t jr
jr tfj luemtb`e ho`mk p`wjrs tfj NNG den YNG. Mbr-
(SBM) mubt D8:9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj YNM cjjns mbrmubt C64
•   Mbadr obaftjr
tfr`uaf tfj mbrmubt hrjdkjr.
•   X d nb `

6Q - >> - 8 6 Q - > > B E^JX B @X OB AF ^B E A   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)
OBC^AD^J M@ZX^J]R ODGY NB]DHOJ  Jdmf `vjrfjdn m`es`oj odgp fds d swbtmf tfdt m`e-
]QB^MF  e j mt
mt s t f j o d g p s t ` a r ` u e n ` e mb r mu
mu b t \4
\4.. ^f j o d g p s
Qf j e mo `s `s jn,
jn, t f j o bcbc t a d t j nb sd
sd ho j s w b t mf mf p r `v `v b nj
nj s d r j d o s ` a r `u
`u e n jn
jn w f j e t f j H ` n y M `e `e t r `o
`o G `n
`n u oj
oj
s b ae
ae d o t ` t f j H M G ` e mb r mu mu b t G > b e nbm nbmd t b e a d r j q u js js t (HMG) jejrabzjs tfj m`urtjsy odgp rjody t` m`eejmt
t ` n b sd
sd h o j t f j m`u r t jsjs y o d g ps ps . ^` `p jr jr d t j , d o o t f j mbrmubt G8 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
n ``
``r s g u st st h j mo `s`s jn
jn w b t f `e o y t f j o bc bc t a d t j `p je je .
Y u s fb
f b ea
e a `e t f j o bc bc t ad
ad t j o je je s d mt
m t b vd
vd t j s t f j s w bt b t mf
mf . NDR/EBAF^
NDR/EBAF^ G BXX@X
Y u s f b e a ` e t f j o j e s j d s jm jm`e n t b g j nj d mt mt b v d t j s t f j Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt
swbtmf. m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrb-
Dc t j r r j mj
mj bv
bv be
be a t f j m`u r t j sy sy o d g p nb sd sd ho j s b ae ae d o , hutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`wjrs
tfj HMG tures `cc tfj m`urtjsy odgps hy nj-jejrabz- mbrmubt C6= tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbr-
bea tfj m`urtjsy odgp rjody. mubt C6= cjjnscjjns t fj nd y/ebaft rjd r vbjw gbrr`r. Mbrmubt
\4 ar`uens gbrr`r.
AO@SJ H@V ODGY Mbrmubts Y 448 den Y 44> m`eejm m`eejmtt cr`g tf j nd y/ebaft
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje- gbrr`r t` tfj nrbvjrs `utsbnj gbrr`r.
t j r (Y N M ) p `w
`w j r s mb r mu
mu b t G 4 t f r ` u af
af cu sj
sj 43 b e t f j M b r mu
mu b t O 49
49 cr `g
`g t f j p d r k /e j ut
ut r d o s w b t mf
mf s b ae
ae d o s
lu e mt
mt b `e
`e h o`
o`mk . M b r mu
mu bt
b t G 4 p `w `w j r s t f j a o`o `v j h `x
`x tfj nd y/ebaft gbrr`r w fje tfj vjfb vjfbmo moj
j bs be rjvjrjvjrsj.
rsj.
o d g p.
p. ^f j o d g p f d s d s w b t mfmf b e s j r bj
bj s w f b mf
mf w f j e ^fj gbrr`r tures `cc wfje tfj vjfbmoj bs be rjvjrsj.
mo`sjn, m`eejmts tfj odgp t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
ZEBSJX]DO ADXDAJ N@@X @YJEJX
ZENJXF@@N ODGYcusj
Mbrmubt G4 cr`g 43 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e M jMbrmubt D1
e t j r (Y N M )cr`g
`w jcusj
p `w r s mb 4: mu bbe
r mu tfj
t G 4 tY`wjr
f r ` u a fNbstrbhutb`e
cu sj
sj 43 b e
M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) cj jns
jns t f j u e njrnjr f ``
``n o d g p . ^f
^f j o d g p tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt G4 cjjns tfj vbs`r vdebty
m`e t d b e s d g j r mu
mu r y s w b t mf
mf w f b mf
mf m`e e j mt
mt s t f j o d g p g b r r `r
`r s d e n t f j u e b vj
vj r sd
sd o a d r d a j n` `r`r `p je
je j r.
r. ^f j
t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4 wfje tfj f``n bs rdbsjn. `pjejr bs o`mdtjn `e tfj ojct vbs`r. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs
ar`uen c`r tfj `pjejr.
SB]@X SDEB^R GBXX@X]
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e
M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) p `w `w j r s mb r mu
mu b t G 4 t f r ` u af
af c u sj
sj 43 b e
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt G4 cjjns tfj vbs`r vdebty
g b r r ` r o d g p s . J d m f g b r r ` r f d s d s w b t m f a r ` u e ns t f j QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
odgps be tfj gbrr`rs t` mbrmubt \4. ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
@SJXFJDN M@E]@OJ ODGY] y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be

M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) p `w
`w j r s mb r mu
mu b t G 4 t f r ` u af
af c u sj
sj 43 b e t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
t f j lu e mt
mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t G 4 cjcjjj ns t f j `v jrjr f j d n
m`es`oj odgps.
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - > : H@N R M@E ^X @O G @N Z OJ 6Q - >: - 4

6Q->: H@NR M@E^X@O G@NZOJ

BENJV

pdaj pdaj
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E KJR-B
KJR -BE
E BAEB^
BAEB^B@
B@E E MFBGJ
MFBGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
D/M
D/M ]JOJ
]JOJM^M^ ]QB
]QB^M^MF F ................ ..... 4 OBC^AD^J M@ZX^J]R ODGY NB]DHOJ
DLDX
DL DX MFB
MFBGJ
GJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 8 ]QB^
]Q B^MF
MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
DGHBJE
DGH BJE^^ ^JGYJX
^JGYJXD D^ZX
^ZXJ J ]JE]@X
]JE]@X . . . . . ..... 4 O@Q CZJO QDXEBEA ODGY DEE@ZEMJGJE^
DZ^@
DZ^ @ FJDNO
FJDNODG
DGY]Y] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. 8 MFBG
MF BGJJ . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . 8
M@ZX^
M@Z X^J]R
J]R ODG
ODGY Y ]QB^M
]QB^MF F ..... ...... . .... . 4 O@Q @BO
@BO YXJ]]Z
YXJ]]ZXJ XJ QDXEB
QDXEBEA EA MFBGJ
MFBGJ . . . . . . . 8
JEABEJ ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ^ZXJ MXB^BMDO
MXB^BMDO MFBGJ MFBGJ ..... 8 YDX
DXKK ODGY
ODGY ]QB^
]QB^MF MF ]JE]
]JE]J J ............... 8
BAEB
BA EB^B
^B@E
@E ]QB^
]QB^MF
MF ]JE]
]JE]J J ............ ..... 8 ]JD
]J D^ HJO^
HJO^ ]QB^
]QB^MF MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
BE]^XZ
BE] ^XZGJE
GJE^^ YDEJO
YDEJO NBGGBNBGGBEA EA . . . . . . . . . ..... 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
BE^X
BE ^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 4 QBXB
QB XBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ^fj H MG m`gguebm `gguebmdt dt js w btf tfj c` c`oo`


oo`wbea
wbea m`etr`
`etr`o- o-
o j r s d e n g ` nu o j s ` v j r t f j M M N hu s <
BE^X@NZM^B@E •   Dut`gd tbm ^jgpjrdt urj M`etr `o (D^ (D^M) G`nuoj
•   M`gpdss (@vjrfjdn M`es`oj)
^fj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) usjn be tfbs vjfb-
•   Nrbvjr N``r G`nuoj (NNG)
mo j p r `v
`v bnj
bnj s d m`g g u e b md md t b ` e b e t j rc
rc d m j w b t f `t f j r
•   Gjmfdebmdo Bestrugjet Moustjr
m`etr`oojrs den g`nuojs. ^fj HMG dos` m`etr`os vdr-
•   Gjg`ry ]jdt G`nuoj
b`us
b` us vjfbm
vjfbmojoj cuem
cuemtb`es.
tb`es. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt `p `pjrdtb`e
jrdtb`e `c spj spjmb
mbcbm
cbm
•   Ydssjeajr N``r G`nuoj (YNG)
s y s t jg
jg s `r m`g p `e `e j e t s m `e
`e t r ` oo
oo jn
jn hy t f j H M G d r j
•   Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj
c`uen be wbrbea nbdardg sjmtb`e m`vjrbea tfj m`gp`-
•   Sjfbmoj Bec`rgdtb`e Mjetjr
ejet `r systjg.
•   X d nb `
^f b s s jm
jmt b `e
`e `c t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s p r `v `v b nj
nj s d e
`vjrvb
`v jrvbjwjw `c t fj cuem
cuemtb`es
tb`es m`etr`
`etr`ooj oojn
n `r supp supp`rtjn
`rtjn hy Mbrmubtt D8:
Mbrmub 8:9 9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj Y `wjr Nbstrbhu-
tfj HMG. ^fj HMG pr`vbnjs `r supp`rts tfj c`oo`w- tb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C1: tfr`uaf cusj 1
bea cjdturjs< b e t f j lu e mtmt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mumu b t C1 : s u p po
po bj
bj s hd t t j r y
•   D/ M ]jojm
]jojmtt ]w btmf ] td tus v `o
`o t d aj
aj t ` t f j H M G . M br b r mu
mu bt
b t s \4 d e n \8 p r` r`v bnbn j
•   Dghbjet ^jgpjrdt urj
ar`uen c`r tfj HMG.

  Dut`gdtbm Cuejrdo G`nj
•   Dut`gdtbm Fjdnodgp M`etr`o D/M ]JOJM^ ]QB^MF
•   Mfbgj
Bc tfj vjfb
vjfbmo mojj bs jqubp
jqubppjpjn n wbtf Dut`gdtbm ^jgp jgpjr- jr-
•   M`urtjsy Od gps wbt f ^bgj @ut
d t u r j M ` e t r `o
`o (D^M ), ), t f j Du t ` gd
gd t b m ^j g pj pj r d t u r j
•   N``r, F``n `r Obctadtj Dldr ]tdtus
M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j s j e ns t f j D/M s jojo jm
jmt s w b t mfmf t ` t f j
•   N``r O`mk Befbhbt
H `ny M ` e t r `o`o G `nu
`nu o j (H
(H M G ) `e
`e mb r mu
mu b t M 2 9. 9. B c t f j
•   Jojmtr`ebm @n`gjtjr
v jf
jf b mo
mo j f d s g d e u d o D/M , t f j D/M -f -f j d t j r m`e t r ` oooo
•   Jojmtr`ebm Sjfbmoj Bec`rgdtb`e Mjetjr
swbtmf sjens tf j D/ D/M sjo
sjojm
jmtt sbaedo t` t fj H MG `e mbr- mbr-
•   C` a O d g p M ` e t r ` o
mubt M29.
•   F j d no d g p Nj o d y

•   F b a f H j d g B e nb m d t ` r
DGHBJE^ ^JGYJXD
^JGYJXD^ZXJ
^ZXJ ]JE]@
]JE]@X
X
•   Boougbedtjn Jetry
^f j d g hb je
je t d b r t j g pj
pj r d t u r j s j e s `r
`r b s d v d r b d ho j
•   B e s t r u g j e t Y d e j o Nb g g b e a
rjsbst`r
rjsbs t`r.. Ds d ghbjet (`utsbnj) tjgpjrd tjgpjrd turj vdrbjs, tfj
•   Betjrgbttjet Qbpjr M`etr`o rjsbstdemj be tfj sjes`r mfdeajs. Mbrmubt M6 cr`g tfj
•   O b c t a d t j M ` u r t j s y O d g p Nb s d ho j
H `ny M ` e t r `o
`o G `nu
`nu o j (H
(H M G ) s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js p `w
`w j r t ` t f j
•   Gjmfdebmdo Bestrugjet Moustjr sjes`r. Mbrmubt N>4 pr`vbnjs tfj sjes`r sbaedo t` tfj
•   Xjdr Qben`w Njc`aajr M`etr`o
HMG.
•   Xjg`tj Xdnb` M`etr`o

•   ]j d t H j o t X j g b e nj r
M@ZX^J]R ODGY ]QB^MF
•   ]pjjn ]jesbtbvj Betjrgbttjet Qbpj M`etr`o
Qf j e t f j m `u
`u r t j sy
sy o d g p s w b t mf
mf b e s bnj
bnj t f j f j d n-
•   Sjfbmoj ^fjct ]jmurbty ]ystjg
odgp swbtmf mo`sjs, bt m`gpojtjs d pdtf t` ar`uen c`r
mb r mu
mu b t G 44
44 c r `g
`g t f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu`nu o j (H M G ).
).

6Q - >: - 8 6 Q - > : H@N R M@E ^X @O G @N Z OJ   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

^f j H M G j e jr
jr a b zj
zj s t f j m`u r t j sy
sy o d g p r j o d y b e t f j b c ` e j ` c t f j n` ` r s , t f j f ` ` n, ` r o b c t a d t j ` p j e s . ^ f j
luemtb`e ho`mk t` p`wjr tfj m`urtjsy odgps. Xjcjr t` H M G d o s ` s ba ba e d o s t f j SB M `v jrjr t f j M M N h u s. s. ^f j
sjmt b`e 6Q
6Q-->>. SBM tfje nbspodys wfbmf m`gp`ejet bs dldr.

OBC^AD^J M@ZX^J]R ODGY NB]DHOJ ]QB^MF KJR-BE BAEB^B@E MFBGJ


Qf j e t f j m`u r t j sy
sy o d g p nb s d hoj
hoj s w b t mf
mf mo `s
`s js
js , b t Qfje tfj kjy bs besjrtjn bet` tfj baebtb`e swbtmf,
pr`vbnjs hdttjry v`otdaj t` tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj t f j k jy
jy -b
-b e s w b t mf
mf mo `s`s js
js d e n m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t A8 3
(HMG) `e mbrmubt G>. c r `g
`g t f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu
`nu o j t ` a r `u
`u e n `e mb r mumu b t
\4. Qfje tfj kjy-be swbtmf mo`sjs, tfj HMG s`uens
DZ^@ FJDNODG
FJDNODG Y] d e d u nb ho j cd s t r d t j m f b g j .
Qf jeje t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p utut s t f j f jd
jd n o d g p s w b t mf
mf b e
tfj DZ^@ p`sbtb`e, tfj dut` fjdnodgp swbtmf mo`sjs ]JD^ HJO^ ]QB^MF
den m`eejmts mbrmubt O8> cr`g tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`n- ^f j s j d t hjhjoo t s w b t mf
mf mo `s`s js
js w f j e t f j s jdjd t hj
hjoo t b s
u o j t ` a r ` ue
ue n. ^f^f b s s b a e d o s t f j H M G t ` ` pj pj r d t j t f j e`t humkojn. Qfje mo`sjn, tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt
fjdnodgps hdsjn `e tfj uotrdobaft sjes`r beput. ^fj A49 cr`g tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) t` ar`uen
H M G p `w `w j r s t f j u o t r d o b af
af t s je
je s `r
`r `e mb r mumu b t O 44
449. `e mb r mumu b t \4\4.. B c t f j s w b t mf
mf b s m o `s
`s jn
jn w f b o j t f j b a e b-
b-
M b r mu
mu b t O 49
492 p r `v`v b nj
nj s t f j s b aeae d o c r `g
`g t f j s je
je s `r
`r t ` t b ` e s w b t m f b s @ E, t f j H M G s ` u e ns d e d u nb ho j w d r e -
tfj HMG. bea mfbgj.

YDXK
YDXK ODGY ]QB^MF ]J
]JE]J
E]J O@Q @BO YXJ]]ZXJ QDXEBEA MFBGJ
Qf je je t f j `p jrjr d t ` r p ut
ut s t f j f jd jd n o d g p s w b t mf
mf b e Qfje `b `boo prj
prjssurj
ssurj nr`ps hjo`w hjo`w d mdobhrdtjn ojv ojvjo,
jo,
tfj pdrk odgp p`sbtb`e, tfj pdrk odgp swbtmf mo`sjs t f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu
`nu o j (H (H M G ) s `u
`u e ns d e d u nb hoj
hoj
d e n mb r mu mu b t O 29
29 p `w `w j r s t f j p d r k be
be a o d g p s . M b r mu
mu b t mf b g j t ` d o j r t t f j `p jr jr d t `r . ^f
^f j H M G r j mj
mj bv
bv js
js t f j
O29 dos` pr`vbnjs de beput t` tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`n- o ` w ` b o p r j s s u r j s b a e d o ` e t f j M M N hu s .
u o j (H(H M G ).). ^f j H M G g `e `e b t `r
`r s t f j O 29 29 m b rm
rmu b t d e n
mb r mu
mu btb t 191 c r `g`g t f j n b gg gg jr jr s w b t mf
mf t ` n jt jt j rg
r g be
be j JEABEJ ^JGYJXD^ZXJ MXB^BMDO MFBGJ
b e s t r u g je
je t p d e j o o d g p b e t j e sb
sb t y Qf j e j e a be
be j t j g pj
pj r d t u r j j xm
xmj jns
jns d p r j- j-nj t jr
jr -
gbejn tjgpjrdturj, tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG)
BE]^XZGJE^ YDEJO NBGGBEA s `u
`u e n s d e d u n b ho
ho j mf b gj
gj . ^f j Y ` w jr jr t r d b e M `e
`e t r `o
`o
@ e mb rm r mu bt
bt 191 c r` r `g t f j n bg bg g jrjr s w bt
bt mf
mf b e t f j G `nu
`nu o j (Y M G ) hr ` d nmd
nmd s t s j e ab
ab e j m``o d e t t j g pj
pj r d -
f jd
jd n o d g p s w b t mf mf , t f j H ` n y M `e `e t r `o
`o G `n
`n u oj
oj (H M G ) turj t` tfj HMG `e tfj MMN hus.
n jt
jt j rg
r g b ej
e js s jo jo jm
jmt j n b e t je
je s bt
bt y c `r
`r t f j b e st st r u g je
je t
p d e j o o d g p s.
s. ^f
^f j H M G d o s ` t r d e s g b t s d s b aeae d o r j pr
pr j - O@Q CZJO QDXEBEA ODGY DEE@ZEMJGJE^
s je
je t b e a r j q u b r jn
jn o d g p b e t j e s bt
bt y `v jrjr t f j M M N hu s . MFBGJ
Dc t jr
jr r jm jmj b vb
vb ea
e a t f j s baba e d o c r`
r `g t f j M M N h us us , d o o ^ f j H ` ny M ` e t r ` o G ` nu o j (H M G ) s ` u e ns d e d u nb -
`tfjr nbspody g`nuojs upndtj tfjbr hrbaftejss ojvjo. h oj
o j mf b gj
gj w f j e t f j o `w`w c u jojo w d r e b e a o d g p b o ou
o u g b-
b-
edtjs.
BAEB^B@E ]QB^MF ]JE]J
@ e mb r mu
mu b t S8=, t f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu
`nu o j (H M G )
s je
je s js
js w f j e t f j b ae
ae b t b`
b`e s w b t mf
mf b s b e t f j DM
DM M J ] - ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
]@ X R ` r X Z E p ` s b t b ` e . ^ f j H M G s j e s j s w f j e t f j
baebtb`e
baebtb` e swbtmf bs be tfj ]^ ]^D
DX^ `r `r XZE p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e `e QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mbrmubt C 2222.. ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
DLDX MFBGJ y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
@ e g `nj
`nj os
os j q u bp
bp pj
pj n w b t f d Sj f bm bmo j B e c`r
c`r g d t b ` e 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
M je
je t jr
jr (SB M ),
), t f j H ` ny
ny M `e `e t r `o
`o G `n`n uo
u o j (H M G ) t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
s`uens de dunbhoj mfbgj wfje tfj vjfbmoj bs g`vbea
 

\L   6 Q - > 3 G J]]DAJ MJE ^JX 6Q - >3 - 4

6Q->3 GJ]]DAJ MJE^JX

BENJV

pdaj pdaj

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E SJFBMO


SJFBMOJ
J BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@
^B@E
E MJE^JX
MJE^JX . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV
V ..... ..... ...... .. 8
AXDYFBM
AXDY FBM NB]YO
NB]YOD
DR G@NZOJ
G@NZOJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E mubt \4. Be dnnbtb`e t` boougbedtbea tfj >QN nbspody,


t f j A NG d o s ` b o ou ou g b e d t j s t f j O @ Q nb s po po d y.
y.
BE^X@NZM^B@E Qf jeje t f j t r d e sc s c jr
jr md s j s w btb t mf
mf b s b e Y d r t ^b gj gj
Jdmf c`ur-wfjjo nrbvj jqubppjn Arden Mfjr`kjj bs >QN p`sbtb`e, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt ^491 cr`g tfj ANG
j q u bp
bp pj
pj n w b t f d c `u`u r -w
-w f j j o nr b v j A r d p f b m Nb s p od
od y t ` a r ` u e n ` e mb r mumu b t \4\4.. B e d nnb t b `e
`e t ` b o o u g be
be d t b e a
G`nuoj (ANG). ^fj ANG bs o`mdtjn dt tfj h`tt`g `c t f j >QN n bs bs po
po d y,
y, t f j A N G d o s` s ` b oo
oo ug
ug be
be d t js
js t f j
t f j b e st
st r u g je
je t p d e jo
jo mj et
et j r s t d mk
mk . ^f j A N G n bs bs - YDX^ ^BGJ nbspod y.
Qfje t fj tr d escjr mdsj sw btmf bs be C uoo ^bgj ^bgj >QN >QN
podys trdescjr mdsj g`nj sjojmtb`e. p`sbtb`
p` sbtb`e,
e, bt m` m`eejm
eejmts ts mbrm
brmubt
ubt ^49 493 3 cr`g tfj A NG t`
]`gj vjfbmoj drj jqubppjn wbtf de `ptb`edo Sjfbmoj
Bec`rgdtb`e Mjetjr (SBM). ^fj SBM fds sjvjrdo cuem- ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. Be dnnbtb`e t` boougbedtbea tfj
tb`es< >QN n b sp sp od
od y,
y, t f j A N G d o s ` b oo o o ug
ug b ed
ed t j s t f j C Z O O
•   Nb s p o d y m u r r j e t t b g j d e n nd t j .
^BGJ nbspody.
•   G`ebt`r
G`ebt`r spj spjmb mbcbm
cbm vjfbmoj
vjfbmoj `p `pjrdtbea
jrdtbea systjgs de n
dojrt tfj nrbvj bc d gdocuemtb`e `mmurs. SJFBMOJ BEC@XGD^B@E MJE^JX
•   Nbspody sjrvbmj rjgbenjr `r benbmdtj nbstdemj t`
]jvjrdo cusjs suppoy p`wjr t` tfj Sjfbmoj Bec`rgd-
sjrvbmj. tb`e Mjetjr (SBM). Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj
•   Nbspod y 8Q 8QN/ N/>Q>QN N trd escjr mdsj g`njs `c `p `pjr-
jr- X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b`e b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 cr `g
`g c u s j 6 b e
dtb`e. tfj YNM t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 cjjns mbrmubt C6=
tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C6= sup-
p ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j SB M .
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt
C3 9 t f r ` u afaf c u s j 8 9 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t s

AXDYFBM
]j v jr NB]YODR
jr d o cu pG@NZOJ
sj s s u p po
sj o y p `w
`w j r t ` t f j A r d p f b m Nb s popo d y
D 1 d e n C3 9 d r j F @ ^ d t d o o t b g j s . M b r m u b t C3 9 cj j ns
t f j SB M .
G `nu
`nu o j (AN
(AN G ). ). Qf j e t f j b a e bt bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf b s b e t f j Mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt
X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b`e b t m`e e j mtmt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g `g c u s j 6 b e =33 tfr`uaf cusj 41 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt =33
tfj YNM t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 cjjns mbrmubt C6= m`e e jm
jmt s t ` t f j f jd jd n o d g p s w b t mfmf . Qf je je t f j f jd
jd n -
tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C6= sup- odgp swbtmf bs be tfj YDXK `r O@Q p`sbtb`e, bt m`e-
p o b j s v ` o t d a j t ` t f j ANG . ejmts mbrmubt =33 t` mbrmubt O29. Mbrmubt O29 m`eejmts
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbrmubt t` tfj SBM. Mbrmubt J8 cr`g tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj
C3 9 t f r ` u af af cu sj sj 89 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m`mk . M b r mu
mu b t s (H M G ) p `w`w j r s t f j b oo
oo u g be
be d t b ` e o d g p s b e t f j SB M .
D 1 d e n C3 9 d r j F @ ^ d t d o o t b g j s . M b r m u b t C3 9 c j j ns Mbrmubts \4 den \8 pr`vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj SBM.
t f j AN G . M b r m ub ub t s \4 d e n \8 pr pr `v
`v b nj
nj a r ` u e n c `r
`r t f j
ANG. ^XDE]CJX MD]J XDEAJ NB]YODR 
Qfje tfj trdescjr mdsj bs be jbtfjr >QN O`w, Ydrt
^XDE]CJX MD]J XDEAJ NB]YODR  ^bgj >QN, `r Cuoo ^bgj bt m`eejmts mbrmubt A86 cr`g
Qfje tfj trdescjr mdsj bs be jbtfjr >QN O`w, Ydrt t f j Sj f bm
bmo j B e c `r
`r g d t b ` e M j e t jr
jr (SB M ) t ` a r `u
`u e n `e
^bgj >QN, `r Cuoo ^bgj bt m`eejmts mbrmubt A86 cr`g mbrmubtt \4
mbrmub \4.. Be rjsp
rjsp`esj
`esj,, tfj SBM boo boougbedt
ugbedt js t fj >QN
>QN
tfj Ardpfbm Nbspody G`nuoj (ANG) t` ar`uen `e mbr- nbspody.
mubt \4. Be rjsp`esj, tfj ANG boougbedtjs tfj >QN Qf j e t f j t r d e s cjr
cjr md s j s w b t mfmf b s b e >QN O `w
`w , b t
nbspody. m`eejmts mbrmubt A86 cr`g tfj SBM t` ar`uen `e mbr-
Qf j e t f j t r d e s c jr
jr md s j s w b t mf
mf b s b e >QN O `w
`w , b t mubt \4. Be dnnbtb`e t` boougbedtbea tfj >QN nbspody,
m`eejmts mbrmubt A86 cr`g tfj ANG t` ar`uen `e mbr- t f j SB M d o s ` b o o ug
ug b e d t j s t f j O @ Q nbs
nbs po
po d y.
y.

6Q - >3 - 8 6 Q - > 3 G J]]DAJ MJE ^JX   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Qf je je t f j t r d e sc
s c jr
jr md s j s w bt
bt mf
mf b s b e Y d r t ^b gj gj \4. ^fj SBM nbspodys tfj O`w M``odet Ojvjo wdrebea
>QN p`
>QN p`sbtb`e,
sbtb`e, bt m`m`eejmts
eejmts mbrmmbrmubt
ubt ^49 491
1 cr`g tf j SBM wfje tfj swbtmf mo`sjs.
t ` a r ` u e n ` e mb r mu
mu b t \4
\4.. B e d nnb t b `e
`e t ` b oo
oo u g be
be d t b e a
tfj >QN nbspody, tfj SBM dos` boougbedtjs tfj YDX^ N@@X DLDX DEN OBC^AD^J DLDX NB]YODR] 
^BGJ nbspody. J d m f n` ` r d e n t f j o b ct a d t j f d v j d e d ld r s w b t m f t f d t
m`e e j mt
mt s t ` t f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu
`nu o j (H M G ).). ^f j
`Q
s b tfje
p `s b`e , t fj
b` b t tr
m`deescjr
mt s mdsj
e j mt sw
mb r mu
mu b t btmf
^49bs3 be `Cuoo
cr `g
g tf ^jbgj
^bgj SB>QN
>Q
M tN` H M G s j e s js js w f j e t f j o b c t a d t j ` r d n`
n`` `r ` p je
je s , d e n
ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. Be dnnbtb`e t` boougbedtbea tfj sjens tfj d sbaedo t` tfj SBM `e tfj MMN hus. Be
>QN n bs b s po
po d y,
y, t f j SB M d o s ` b o ou ou g be
be d t j s t f j C Z O O rjsp`esj
rjsp `esj,, t fj SBM nbsp nbspodys
odys wfbmf n`` n``rr bs `pje.
`pje. ^fj
^BGJ nbspody. SB M m ` g g u e b m d t j s w b t f t f j H M G ` v j r t f j M M N hu s
` e m b r m u b t s N4 d e n N8 .
ODGY @Z^DAJ 
Mbrmubt A>3 m`eejmts cr`g tfj Odgp @utdaj G`n-
uoj (O@G) t` t fj Sjfbm jfbmojoj B ec`
ec`rgd
rgd tb`e Mjetjr (SBM) SBM)..
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
M b r m u b t A> 3 s u p p o b j s t f j r j d r o d g p ` u t s b a e d o t ` t f j
SBM.
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
O@Q QD]FJX COZBN QDXEBEA tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
Qf j e t f j o `w
`w w d s f jr
jr c o ub
ub n s w b t mf
mf mo `s
`s js
j s , b t m` e - y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
ejmts
ejmts mb
mbrmub
rmubtt A 82 cr`g tf j SBM t` ar`uen `e mb mbrmub
rmubtt 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
\4
\4.
. ^fj
wfje^fj
tfjSBM nbspodys
swbtmf tfj O `w Qdsfjr
mo`sjs. Qdsfjr Coubn w dr ebea

O@Q JEABEJ M@@ODE^ QDXEBEA


Qfje tfj jeabej m``odet ojvjo swbtmf mo`sjs, bt m`e-
ejmts mb
ejmts mbrmub
rmubtt A 46 cr`g tf j SBM t` ar`uen `e mb
mbrmub
rmubtt
 

\L   6 Q - > 1 DZ N B @ ]R]^JG 6Q - >1 - 4

6Q->1 DZNB@ ]R]^JG

BENJV

pdaj pdaj

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E XDNB@


XDNB @ GJG@
GJG@XR
XR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... .. 4
BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 4 XDNB
XD NB@
@ XJG@^J
XJG@^J ]QB
]QB^M^MFJ FJ] ] ...... ..... ..... 8
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]YJDKJ
]YJ DKJX]„
X]„]^
]^DEN
DENDXN
DXN XDNB@
XDNB@ . . . ... ....... 4
Y@QJX
Y@Q JX DGYOB
DGYOBCBJ
CBJX
X DEN
DEN ]YJDKJX]
]YJDKJX] ..... .... 4 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
Y@QJX
Y@Q JX DE^JE
DE^JEED„
ED„JVY@
JVY@X^ X^ @EO
@EOR . .... ..... 8 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ... .. ...... .. 8
XDNB@
XDN B@ BOOZ
BOOZGB
GBED
ED^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ..... 4

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E M b r mu
mu b t V:
V:44 d e n V:
V:88 c jj
jj n t f j s p jdjd k j r.
r. M b r mu
mu b t V:
V:6 6
cr`g tfj spjdkjr lugpjr fdrejss m`eejmts t` mbrmubt
BE^X@NZM^B@E V:1
V: 1. M b r mu
mu b t V:
V:1
1 b s t f j r j t u r e cr ` g t f j s p j d k jrjr t `
^ f j r j d r j t w ` d u nb ` s y s t j g s ` cc j r j n ` e t f b s v j f b - t f j r d nb `.
`.
mo j.
j. ^f j s t d e nd r n s y s t jg
jg u s js js c`
c`uu r s pjpj d k jr
jr s d e n d Mbrmubt V:8 cjjns tfj rbaft rjdr n``r spjdkjr. Mbr-

s td
t d e nd
n d r n d e t je
je ed
e d . ^f j `p t b` b `e d o s ysy s tj
t j g f d s s bxbx mMub brtmu
muV:
V:6
b t s6 V:
bs 8
V:8t f jd ernj t V:
u r e6 crm`
V:6 `e
`ggt b tefujj stpj
pfjrd`kua
ujr
jarf t `t ftjf jlurg
d nb
pj`.
pj `r.
s pj
pj d k jr
jr s , d p `w
`w j r d g p ob
ob cb
cb jr
jr , s t d e n d r n d e t j e e d d e n
rjg`tj `pjrdtbea swbtmfjs `e tfj stjjrbea wfjjo. f d r e j s s t ` t f j r b a f t r j d r n` n`` `r s pjpj d k jr
jr .
H`tf systjgs drj p`wjrjn hy mbrmubt V48 cr`g cusj
4 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs Y@QJX DGYOBCBJX DEN ]YJDKJX]
be tfj DMMJ]]@XR `r XZE p`sbtb`e, bt m`eejmts mbr- ^fj p` p`wjr
wjr dgpobcbj
dgpobcbjrr bs usjn `e `ptb`ed`ptb`ed o prjgb
prjgbug ug
mubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr systjgs `eoy. ^fj dgpobcbjr bs m`eejmtjn hjtwjje tfj
(YNM) t` mbrmubt D=4. Mbrmubt D=4 p`wjrs mbrmubt V48 r d nb ` d e n t f j s p j d k j r s .
tfr`uaf luemtb`e ho`mk cusj 4. Mbrmubtt D8:
Mbrmub 8:9 9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj Y `wjr N bstrbhu-
Mbrmubt \: pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r h`tf rdnb`s. tb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C1: tfr`uaf cusj 1
H`tf rdnb`s m`eejmt t` tfj MMN hus `e mbrmubts N4 b e t f j lu e mtmt b `e
`e h o`
o`mk . M b r mu
mu bt
b t C 1:
1: c jj
jj ns
ns t f j r d n b `
den N8. dg pob
pobcbj
cbjr.
r. Mbrmubt \: pr`vbnjspr`vbnjs ar`uen c` c`rr tfj dg pob
pob--
cbjr.
cbj r. Mbrmubt
Mbrmubt V3 V39 9 cr`g t fj rd nb` suppobj
suppobjss p`wjr t` t fj
dgpobcbjr.
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Cr`g tfj rdnb`, mbrmubts V:> den V:3 c`r tfj rbaft
cr`et spjdkjr den tfj spjdkjr be tfj rbaft sbnj `c tfj
XDNB@ GJG@XR b e s t r u g je
je t p d e j o, o, m`e e j mt
mt t ` t f j p `w `w j r d g p o bcb bcbj
j r.
r.
@ e t f j s t d e n d r n d e n `p t b`
b`e d o r d n b `s
`s , mb rm
r mu bt
b t C 39
39 M b r m u b t V: > b s t f j c j j n cr ` g t f j r d nb ` t ` t f j d g p o b -
cr ` g cu s j 8 9 b e t f j lu e m t b ` e ho ` m k p ` w j r s t f j r d nb ` cbjr. Mbrmubt V68 bs tfj cjjn cr`g tfj dgpobcbjr t` tfj
gjg`ry
gjg` ry.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y `wjr N bstrb- r b a f t b e s t r u g j e t p d e j o s p j d k j r d e n r b a f t cr ` e t n` ` r
hutb`e M jetjr (Y NM) p` p`wjrs
wjrs luem
luemtb`e
tb`e ho`mk
ho`mk cusj 89 spjdkjr. Mbrmubt V69 bs tfj rjture cr`g tfj spjdkjrs
den mbrmubt C39. t ` t f j d g p ob ob c bj
bj r d e n mb r mu
mu b t V:
V:3 3 bs tfj rjture cr`g
tfj dgpobcbjr t` tfj rdnb`. Mbrmubts V69 den V68 cr`g
XDNB@ BOOZGBED^B@E tfj dgpobcbjr m`eejmt t` mbrmubts V:3 den V:> dt tfj
Qfje tfj pdrkbea odgps `r tfj fjdnodgps drj @E, lugpjr fdrejss c`r tfj rbaft cr`et n``r spjdkjr.
mb r mu
mu b t s J 8 d e n O 29
29 d r j u s j n t ` p `w
`w j r t f j r d nb ` b oo
oo u - C` r t f j o j ct c r ` e t n` ` r s p j d k j r d e n t f j s p j d k j r b e
gbedtb`e odgps. Mbrmubt J8 bs usjn c`r tfj nbggdhoj t f j o jcjc t s b nj
nj `c t f j b e s t r u g je je t p d e j o,
o, mb r mu
mu b t s V: =
odgps. Mbrmubt O29 bs tfj pdrkbea odgps cjjn. d e n V: : cr ` g t f j r d nb ` m ` e e j m t t ` t f j p ` w j r d g p o b -
c bj
bj r.
r. M b r mu
mu bt
b t V := := b s t f j c jj
jj n c r `g
`g t f j r d n b ` t ` t f j
]YJDKJX]„ ]^DENDXN XDNB@ dgpobcbjr. Mbrmubt V61 bs tfj cjjn cr`g tfj dgpobcbjr
^fj stdendrn rdnb` usjs c`ur spjdkjrs. Mbrmubt V:= t ` t f j o jc
jc t b e st st r u g je
je t p d e jo
jo s pj
pjd k j r d e n o jc
jc t c r `e
`e t
cjjns tfj spjdkjr be tfj ojct cr`et n``r. Mbrmubt V:: bs n``r spjdkjr. Mbrmubt V6: bs tfj rjture cr`g spjdkjrs
t f j r j t u r e cr ` g t f j s p j d k j r t ` t f j r d nb ` . t ` t f j d g p ob ob c bj
bj r d e n mb r mu
mu b t V:
V:: : bs tfj rjture cr`g
Mbrmubt V:> cjjns tfj rbaft cr`et n``r spjdkjr. Mbr- tfj dgpobcbjr t` tfj rdnb`. Mbrmubts V61 den V6: cr`g
mu b t V:
V:3 3 b s t f j r j t u r e c r `g
`g t f j s pj
pj d k jr
jr t ` t f j r d nb `.
`. tfj dgpobcbjr m`eejmt t` mbrmubts V:: den V:= dt tfj
Cr`g tfj rdnb`, mbrmubt V:4 m`eejmts t` mbrmubt V:8 lugpjr fdrejss c`r tfj ojct cr`et n``r spjdkjr.
dt tfj lugpjr fdrejss c`r tfj ojct rjdr n``r spjdkjr.

6Q - >1 - 8 6 Q - > 1 DZ N B @ ]R]^JG   \L


NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Mbrmubt V:4, tfj cjjn c`r tfj ojct rjdr n``r spjdkjr t f j d e t je
je ed
e d g `t`t `r
`r t ` jb tf t f jr
jr r d bs
b s j `r o `w jrjr t f j
de n mb mbrmub
rmubtt V:
V:1,1, tfj rjture c` c`rr tfj spj
spjdkjr,
dkjr, m`eejm
m`eejmtt detjeed.
cr`g tfj rdnb` t` tfj p`wjr dgpobcbjr. Dt tfj lugpjr Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e
f d r e j s s c`
c`rr t f j o jct
jct r j d r n`
n```r s pj
pj d k jr
jr , m b rm
rmu b t V2
V2=
= M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) cj jns
jns t f j r j od
od y s w b t mf
mf t f r ` ua
ua f c u s j 4=
4=
cr`g tfj dgpobcbjr m`eejmts t` mbrmubt V:8 den mbrmubt be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk.

V24 m`eejmts
V24 m`eejmts t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt V:
V:6. 6. M brm
brmubts
ubts V2 V2= = den V: V:8 8 Qf jeje t f j r d n b ` b s @ C C, C, t f j s w b t mf
mf b e t f j p `w `w j r
cjj
cjj n t f j s pj
pj d k jr
jr . ^f
^f j s p jdjd k j r r j t u r e b s `e mb r mu mu b t d e t j e e d r j od
od y b s b e t f j N @ QE QE p `s `s b t b`
b`e . B e N@ QE QE
V:6 den mbrmubt V24. p`sbtb`e, tfj rjody swbtmf p`wjrs mbrmubt V4>. Mbrmubt
M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt V :8, t f j c jj jjn c `r `r t f j r ba b a ft
f t r jd
jd r n ````r V4> s u pp pp ob
ob js
js v `o`o t d a j t ` p `w `w j r d e t j e e d g `t `t `r
`r t `
spjdkjr den mbrmubt V:6, tfj rjture c`r tfj spjdkjr, o `w
`w j r t f j d e t je je e d . ^f j a r` r `u e n p d t f b s c r` r `g t f j
m`eejmt cr`g tfj rdnb` t` tfj p`wjr dgpobcbjr. Dt tfj g`t`r t` tfj rjody `e mbrmubt V43, tfr`uaf tfj swbtmf
lu g pj
pj r f d r e j s s c`
c`rr t f j r b a f t r j d r n`
n`` `r s pjpj d k jr
jr, mb r - be tfj rjody t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
mubtt V2
mub V2> > cr`g tfj dgpobcbj
dgpobcbjrr m`eej`eejmmts t` mbrm brmubt
ubt V:V:8 8 Mbrmubt \4 dos` pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj m`bo sbnj `c
den mbrmubt V28 m`eejmts t` mbrmubt V:6. Mbrmubts V2> t f j p `w
`w j r d e t j e e d r j od od y . Qf
Qf j e t f j r d nb ` b s t u r e j n
den V:8 cjjn tfj spjdkjr. ^fj spjdkjr rjture bs `e @E, mbrmubt V39 cr`g tfj rdnb` suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj
mbrmubts V:6 den V28. m`b o s b n j `c
` c d e t j e e d r jojo d y d e n t f j r j o d y s w b t mf
mf js
js t `
tfj ZY p`sbtb`e. Be tfj ZY p`sbtb`e, tfj swbtmf p`w-
XDNB@ XJG@^J ]QB^MFJ] jrs mbrmubt V43. Mbrmubt V43 suppobjs v`otdaj t` p`wjr
Y r j g bu
bu g r d n b `s
`s f d v j r jg
jg `t `t j v `o
`o ug
ug j, j, s jj
jj k,
k, d e n tfj detjeed g`t`r t` rdbsj tfj detjeed. ^fj ar`uen
p r js
js jt
jt s w b t mf
mf j s `e t f j s t j jr
jr b e a w f j j o.
o. ^f j r j g `t
`t j p d t f b s cr ` g t f j g `t `t ` r t ` t f j r j od
od y `e mb r mu mu b t V4
V411,
swbtmfjs m`eejmt t` tfj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) tfr`uaf tfj swbtmf be tfj rjody t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt
`e mbrmubt 192 den ar`uen `e mbrmubt \8. Jdmf swbtmf \4.
bs wbrjn be pdrdoojo. D rjsbst`r be sjrbjs hjtwjje jdmf
s w b t mf
mf d e n a r `u
`u e n mb r mu
mu b t \8 njt
njt j r g be
be j s t f j s b ae
ae d o
sjesjn hy tfj HMG `e mbrmubt 192.
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
Dc t jr
jr s je
je s be
be a d r jq
jq u js
js t c r `g
`g t f j r d n b ` r j g `t `t j
swbtmfjs, tfj HMG sbaedos tfj rdnb` `vjr tfj MMN QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
hus t` gdkj tfj rjqujstjn sjojmtb`e. ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
Y@QJX DE^JEED„ JVY@X^ @EOR y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
^fj p`wjr d etjeed bs `eoy usjn `e vjfbm vjfbmojs ojs hubot 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
c`r jxp`rt gdrkjts. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
^f j p ` w jrjr d e t j e e d r j oodd y s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j
p `w
`w j r d e t j e e d g `t
`t ` r.
r. ^f j r j odod y s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js v `o`o t d a j t `
 

\L   6 Q - > 6 X JDX Q B E N @Q N JC@AAJX 6Q - >6 - 4

6Q->6 XJDX QBEN@Q NJC@AAJX

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Betjredo t` tfj luemtb`e ho`mk, mbrmubt M4: spobmjs t`
cjjn
cjjn mb
mbrmub
rmubtt M43 tfr`uaf cusj 49.
49. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt M43 cjjns
cjjns

XJDX QBEN@Q NJC@AAJX


^fj H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG) `pjrdtjs tfj rjdr
t f j O b a f t J g b t t b e a Nb ` nj (O J N) b e t f j r j d r w b e n` w  
njc`aajr swbtmf.
w b e n`w
n`w nj c` c`a a jr
jr s y s t jg
jg t f r ` ua
ua f d r j odod y o `m
`md t j n b e
t f j lu e mtmt b `e
`e ho `m `mk . Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p r js
js s js
js t f j
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
rjdr wben`w njc` njc`aajr
aajr swbt mf, t fj sw btmf m`eejm m`eejmts ts mbr-
mu bt
bt M 6969 c r` r `g t f j H M G t ` a r `u `u e n mb rmr mu bt
b t \ 4. B e
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
r j s p ` e s j , t f j H M G a r ` u e ns t f j m ` b o s b nj ` c t f j r j d r
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
wben`w njc`aajr rjody `e mbrmubt M4>.
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
Q f j e t f j H M G a r ` u e ns t f j r j d r w b e n` w nj c` a a j r
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
rjody m`bo, tfj m`etdmts mo`sj den m`eejmt mbrmubt D299
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
cr ` g c u s j = b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu t b ` e M j e t j r (Y NM )
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
t` mbrmubt
mbrmubt M4: M4:.. M brmbrmubt
ubt M4: suppobj
suppobjss p`wjr t ` tfj rjdr
wben`w njc` njc`aajraajr arbn. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D29 2999 d os` p`wjrs
p`wjrs tfj
m`b o s bnbn j `c t f j r jo jo d y.
y. M b r mu
mu b t \4 a r `u`u e n s t f j r jd
jd r
wben`w njc`aajr arbn.
 

\L   6 Q - > 2 @SJX FJDN M@E ]@OJ 6Q - >2 - 4

6Q->2 @SJXFJDN M@E]@OJ

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E @SJXFJDN M@E]@OJ ODGY]


Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e

@SJXFJDN M@E]@OJ
Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt
M j e t j r (Y N M ) p `w
t f j lu e mt
mt b `e
`w j r s mb r mu
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu
mu b t G 4 t f r ` u a f cu sj
mu b t G 4 cj jns
jns t f j `v jr
sj 43 b e
jr f j d n
m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrb- m`es`oj odgps.
hutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`w- Jdmf `vjrfjdn m`es`oj odgp fds d swbtmf tfdt m`e-
jrs mbrmubt C6= tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. e j mt
mt s t f j o d g p s t ` a r ` u e n ` e mb r mu
mu b t \4
\4.. ^f j o d g p s
Mbrmubtt C6= suppobjs
Mbrmub suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj `vjrfj vjrfjdndn m`es`
`es`oj.oj. d r j d o s ` a r `u
`u e n jn
jn w f j e t f j H ` n y M `e `e t r `o
`o G `n`n u oj
oj
^f j H ` ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu
`nu o j (H M G ) hr ` d nmd
nmd s t s t f j (HMG) jejrabzjs tfj m`urtjsy odgp rjody t` m`eejmt
pdrk odgp sbaedo den bestrugjet pdejo boougbedtb`e mbrmubt G8 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
o d g p b e t j e s b t y s b a e d o `e t f j M M N hu s . ^f^f j ` v jr
jr f j d n
m`e s `o
`o j r j mj
mj bv
bv js
js t f j s b ae
ae d o s `v jr
jr t f j M M N hu s d e n
mdomuodtjs nbspody boougbedtb`e betjesbty.
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
^fj `vjrfjdn m`es`oj rjmjbvjs tfj cujo pjrmjetdaj
den nbstdemj bec`rgdtb`e `e tfj MMN hus cr`g tfj
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
Y`wjrtrdbe M`etr`o G`nuoj (YMG). ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
^fj `vjrfjdn m` m`es`oj
es`oj m`etd
m`etd bes d Z ]/Gjtrbm sw btmf. tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
^f j s w b t mfmf s jo jo jm
jmt s w f b mf
mf u e b t s t ` s f ` w `e t f j nb s - y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
pody. ^fj
^fj `vjrfjdn m` m`es`oj
es`oj hr`dnmd sts tf j Z ]/Gjtrbm 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
sjojmtb`e `e tfj MMN hus. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

\L   6 Q - : 9 CX @E ^ OB AF ^B E A 6Q - :9 - 4

6Q-:9 CX@E^ OBAF^BEA

BENJV

pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E BE^X@N


BE^X @NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
DZ^@
DZ^@ FJDNO
FJDNODG
DGY]Y] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 YDX
DXKB
KBEA
EA ODGY
ODGY]]. ...... ..... ..... ...... .. 4
NDR^B
NDR^BGJ
GJ XZEEBEA
XZEEBEA ODGY]ODGY] G@NZOJ
G@NZOJ . . . . . . . . . 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
C@A
C@A ODGY
ODGY]] . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. 8
FJDN
FJDNOD
ODGY
GY]
] ............................ 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E tb`e ho`mk


ho`mk m`eej`eejmmts t` mbrm brmubt
ubt O=. Mbrmubt O= p`wjrs
fjdnodgp fbaf hjdgs. Mbrmubt O= dos` m`eejmts t` tfj
BE^X@NZM^B@E H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG).
^fj vjfbmoj bs jqubppjn wbtf d H`ny M`etr`o G`n- B c t f j v j f b m o j w d s hu b o t c ` r s d o j b e t f j M ` u e t r y ` c
uoj (HMG). ^fj HMG m`etr`os tfj dut` fjdnodgp cjd- M d e d nd , t f j Nd y t b g j X u e e b e a O d g p s (NX O ) g ` nu o j
t u r j t f r ` u a f t f j d u t ` f j d no d g p r j o d y . p`wjrs tfj fjdnodgp fbaf hjdgs `e mbrmubt O= wfje
^fj pdrk odgps `pjrdtj wfje tfj fjdnodgp swbtmf t f j f j d no d g p s w b t m f b s ` cc d e n t f j b a e b t b ` e s w b t m f b s
bs be tfj @E `r YDXK p`sbtb`e. Dos`, bc tfj vjfbmoj bs b e t f j X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b `e .
j q u bp
bp pj
pj n w b t f t f j Sj f bmbmo j ^f j ctct ]j mu mu r b t y ]y s t j g
(S^]]), tfj HMG p`wjrs tfj pdrk odgps tfr`uaf tfj DZ^@ FJDNODG
FJDNODG Y]
p d r k o d g p r jo
jo d y b c b t s je
je s js
js u e d u t f `r`r b zj
zj n v jf
jf b mo
mo j ^fj H `ny M `etr` `etr`oo G` G`nuojnuoj (HMG) `pjrd `pjrd tjs tfj Dut`
`pjrdtb`e. F j d no d g p cj d t u r j . ^ f j H M G g ` e b t ` r s ` u t s b nj o b a f t
Mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje- b e t je
je s bt
bt y t f r `u
`u a f t f j d u t ` f jd jd n o d g p o ba
ba f t s je
je s `r
`r.
t j r (Y NM ), p ` w j r s t f j f j d no d g p s w b t m f t f r ` u a f t f j M b r mu
mu b t O 49
492 cr ` g t f j H M G p r `v `v bnj
bnj s : v `o `o t s t ` t f j
mbrmubt hrjdkjr be tfj swbtmf. sjes`r. Mbrmubt O449 cr`g tfj sjes`r sjens tfj obaft
betjesbty sbaedo t` tfj HMG.
YDXKBEA ODGY] B e t f j D Z ^@ ^@ p `s `s b t b`
b`e , t f j f j d no d g p s w b t mf mf p r `-
`-
Mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e v b nj s d s b a e d o t ` t f j H M G hy m ` e e j m t b e a m b r m u b t O 8 >
Mjetjr (Y NM) p` p`wjrs
wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt =33 tfr`uaf cusj 41 be t ` a r `u
`u e n `e mb r mu mu b t \4
\4.. B c `u t s b nj o b af
af t b e t j e sb
sb t y b s
t f j lu e m t b ` e ho ` m k . Q f j e t f j f j d no d g p s w b t m f b s b e o `w
`w j e `u `u a f w f j e t f j H M G s je je s js
js t f j DZDZ ^@
^@ f j d n-
t f j Y DXDX K o d g p p `s `s b t b`
b`e , b t m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t =33 t ` o d g p r j q u j st
st , b t j e jrjr a b zj
zj s t f j d u t ` f j d no d g p r j o d y
mb r mu
mu b t O 29
29. M b r mu
mu b t O 2929 p `w`w j r s t f j p d r k be be a o d g p s , hy ar`uenbea tfj rjody m`bo `e mbrmubt 14>. Mbrmubt D3
s b nj g d r k j r o d g p s . M b r m u b t O 2 9 d o s ` m ` e e j m t s t ` t f j cr`g cusj 4= be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM)
H`ny M`etr`o G`nuoj (HMG). p`wjrs tfj rjody m`bo den m`etdmts.
^fj HMG `pjrdtjs tfj pdrk odgps wfje bt sjesjs Qfje tfj rjody jejrabzjs, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D3 t`
u e d u t f ` r bz
bz jn
jn j e t r y t ` t f j v jf jf b mo
mo j w f b o j t f j Sj f bmb mo j mb r mu
mu b t C=C=>>. M b r mu
mu b t C= > p `w `w j r s mb r mu
mu b t O > t f r ` uaua f
^fjct ]jmurbty ]ystjg bs drgjn. Qfje bt sjesj uedu- t f j f j d no d g p nb g g j r s w b t m f m b r m u b t r y b e t f j g u o t b -
t f `r
`r b zj
zjn j et et r y,
y, t f j H M G j ej e j ra
ra bz
b z js
js t f j p d r k o d g p cuemtb`e swbtmf. Mbrmubt O> p`wjrs tfj fjdnodgps.
rjody hy pr`vbnbea ar`uen c`r tfj rjody m`bo `e mbrmubt
O12.. M brm
O12 brmubt
ubt =3=33 3 p`wjrs
p`wjrs tfj rjody m`b `boo d en m`m`etd
etd mts. C@A ODGY]
Qfje tfj rjody jej jejrabzjs
rabzjs,, bt m` m`eejm
eejmts ts mbmbrmub
rmubtt =3
=333 t` ^f j c `a
`a o d g ps
ps `e o y `p jr jr d t j w f j e t f j f jd
jd n o d g p
mbrmubt O 29 29.. f b af
af h jd
jd g s d r j ` c c d e n t f j p d r k o d g ps
ps d r j ` e . ^f
^f j
c `a
`a o d gp
g p s w bt bt mf
mf m`e t d beb e s d o ba ba f t j g bt
bt t b ea
e a n b` b `n j
FJDNODGY] (O J N) t f d t b oo
oo u g be
be d t j s nu r b e a c `a
`a o d g p `p jr jr d t b ` e .
Qfje tfj fjdnodgp swbtmf bs be tfj O@Q p`sbtb`e, Qf je
je t f j c `a `a o d g p s w b t mf mf mo `s`s js
js , b t s ba
ba e d o s t f j

bt m`eejmts mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be tfj Y`wjr Nbs- H


p d`rny
k o dMg
`eptsr `d or jG`e
`e ``enu
ndueo jn (H
t f jM G
H M) G
` en`mjs
jb rsmu
me
u `b tt sOj=:
=e:sj
s.j Bfc j tdfn-
j
t r b hu t b`
b`e M j e t j r (Y N M ) t ` mb r mu mu b t C= >. >. M b r mu
mu b t C= >
m ` e e j m t s t ` t f j nb g g j r s w b t m f p ` r t b ` e ` c t f j g u o t b - odgp fbaf hjdg `pjrdtb`e `e mbrmubt O=, bt jejrabzjs
cuemtb`e swbtmf den cjjns mbrmubt O>. Mbrmubt O> p`w- t f j c` a o d g p r j o d y . ^ f j H M G j e j r a b z j s t f j r j o d y hy
j r s t f j o ` w hj d g ` c t f j f j d no d g p s . ar`uenbea tfj rjody m` m`bo
bo `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt O2: O2:.. M brm brmubt
ubt C38
Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts fbaf hjdg `pjrdtb`e `r cr`g cusj 42 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM)
co d s f - t ` - p d s s w b t f t f j t u r e s b a e d o s t d o k ` c t f j g u o t b - p`wjrs tfj rjody m`bo den m`etdmts.
cuemtb`e
cuem tb`e sw btmf, mbrmubtmbrmubt O4 O44 4 cr`g cusj 42 be t fj luem-

6Q - :9 - 8 6 Q - : 9 CX @E ^ OB AF ^B E A   \L
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Qfje tfj c`a odgp rjody jejrabzjs, bt m`eejmts mbr- t f j NX O g `nu `nu o j p `w
`w j r s t f j f b a f hj d g s `e mb r mu mu b t
mubt C38 cr`g cusj 42 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje- O=. Qfje tfj fjdnodgps drj @E, tfj nbggjr swbtmf
tjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt O=2. Mbrmubt O=2 p`wjrs tfj c`a be t fj guotb-cuem
guotb-cuemtb`e tb`e swbt mf p`wjrs
p`wjrs tfj o` o`ww hjdgs `e
o d g p s d e n t f j c` a o d g p s w b t m f O J N. M b r m u b t \4 p r ` - mbrmubt O>.
v b nj s a r ` u e n c` r t f j o d g p s d e n t f j O J N. M b r mu
mu b t O = c j jns
jns t f j f b a f hj
hjdd g s `c t f j f j d no d g p s .
Qf je je t f j `p jrjr d t `r
` r c od
od s f js
js t f j f jd jd n o d g ps
ps w b t f t f j
NDR^BGJ XZEEBEA ODGY] G@NZOJ s t d o k ` c t f j g u o t b - cu e m t b ` e s w b t m f , t f j NX O g ` nu o j
M d e d n b d e v jfjf b mo
mo js
js d r j j q ub
ub pp
pp jn
jn w b t f d N d y t b g j sjesjs v`otdaj `e mbrmubt O=. Qfje bt sjesjs v`otdaj
X ue
u e e be
be a O d g ps ps (N X O ) g `n `n uo
u o j.
j. B c t f j f jdjd n od
od g p `e mbrmubt O=, tfj NXO g`nuoj sbaedos tfj H`ny M`e-
swbtmf bs be tfj @CC p`sbtb`e, tfj NXO g`nuoj `pjr- tr`o G`nuoj (H (H MG) `e mbrmubt mbrmubt A => =>.. Be rjsp
rjsp``esj, t fj
d t j s t f j f b a f hj d g s ` c t f j f j d no d g p s d t : 9 p j r m j e t HMG tures `e tfj fbaf hjdg benbmdt`r odgp be tfj
b e t j e sb
sb t y w f j e t f j b a e b t b `e
`e b s b e t f j X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b `e bestrugjet mo moustjr
ustjr..
den tfj pdrk hrdkj bs `cc. Mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be
Y ` w jrjr N b s t rb
r b hu
hu t b `e
`e M j ete t j r (Y N M ) p `w
`w j r s t f j N X O
g`nuoj. Mbrmubt A2 pr`vbnjs tfj pdrk hrdkj sbaedo t`
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
t f j NX O g `nu `nu o j.
j.
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mbrmub
mb rmubtt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y NM t` mbrmubt mbrmubt D88.
D88. Mbr- ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
mubt D88 suppobjs p`wjr t` mbrmubt C6= tfr`uaf cusj 3 tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C6= spobmjs t` tfj NXO y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
g`nuoj. 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
M b r mu
mu b t O = p ` w jr jr s t f j f b a f hj d g s ` c t f j o j ct d e n t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
rbaft fjdnodgps. Qfje tfj fjdnodgp swbtmf bs @CC,
 

\L   6 Q - : 4 X JDX OB AF ^B E A 6Q - :4 - 4

6Q-:4 XJDX OBAF^BEA

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E HDMK-ZY ODGY]


Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts
^DBO ODGY], XJDX OBMJE]J YOD^J ODGY] DEN mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje-
]BNJ GDXKJX ODGY] tjr (Y NM) t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D88 88.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D88 p`wjrs
p`wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt
Mbrmubt D3 cr`g cusj 4= be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e C6= tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk
Mjetjr (YNM) cjjns mbrmubt =33 tfr`uaf cusj 41 be tfj M b r mu
mu b t C6 = s u p p ob ob js
js p `w`w j r t ` t f j Y DXDX K/EJ Z -
luemtb`e
luem tb`e ho`
ho`mkmk.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt =3 =33 3 m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t` tfj fjdnod gp ^X DO DO p `s `s b t b`
b`e s w b t mf
mf . Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p u t s t f j
swbtmf. t r d e s g b s s b ` e b e X J SJ X ]J , t f j s w b t m f m ` e e j m t s m b r -
Qfje tfj fjdnodgp swbtmf bs be tfj YDXK `r O@Q mubt C6= t` mbrmubt O49. Mbrmubt O49 cjjns tfj hdmk-up
p`sbtb`
p` sbtb`e,
e, tfj swbtmf m` m`eejm
eejmts ts mb
mbrmub
rmubtt =3=33 3 t` mbmbrmub
rmubtt o d g p s . M b r mumu b t \4 p r `v `v b nj
nj s a r `u
`u e n c`
c`rr t f j hd m k-k-u p
O29.. Cr `g tfj f jdnodg p swbt mf, mbrmubt
O29 mbrmubt O 29 hrd hrd emfj
emfjss odgps.
t ` p `w
`w j r t f j c r `e
`e t p d r kbkb e a o d g p s d e n r jd jd r o bm
bmj es
es j
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
podtj odgps. Mbrmubt O29 m`eejmts t` mbrmubts O84 den
O88. Mbrmubts O84 den O88 cjjn tfj tdbo odgps den •   M f j m k cu s j 6 b e t f j Y NM d e n c u s j 3 b e t f j lu e m -
s b nj g d r k j r o d g p s . B c t f j v jf
jf b mo
mo j b s j q u b pp
pp jn
jn w b t f d tb`e ho`mk.
•   M f jm
jmk c `r
`r m`e t b e u b t y d m r `s
`s s t f j hd m k-
k-u p o d g p
o d g p `u t d a j g `nu`nu o j,
j, mb r mu
mu b t O 29
29 c jjjj ns t f j g `nu `nu o j
swbtmf wfje bt bs mo`sjn.
dd e
enn stbfnj
j g g d`n
`n
r kujoj
ojr opd`w
`gwpjsr.s t f j r jdjd r t d b o , o b mj
mje s j p o d t j
^fj H `ny M`etr`o G`nuoj G`nuoj (HMG) `pjrdtjs `pjrdtjs tfj pdrk ODG
ODG Y @Z^
@Z^DA
DAJ
J G @NZO
@NZOJ
J ( O@
O@G
G)
odgps wfje bt sjesjs uedutf`rbzjn jetry t` tfj vjfb- ^ f j O d g p @ u t d a j G ` nu o j (O @ G ) nj t j r g b e j s b c d
moj
mo j w fboj tfj Sjfbm jfbmoj oj ^fjct
^fjct ] jm jmurbty
urbty ]ystjg bs d rgjn. r j d r o b af
af t b e a o d g p b s e `t
`t `p jr
jr d t b e a . Qf j e t f j b a e b -
Qf jeje b t s jeje s j u e d u t f `r `r b zj
zj n j et
et r y,
y, t f j H M G j ej e j r-
r- tb`e sw btmf bs be tfj ]^ ]^DDX^ `r `r XZE p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e,e, mbrm
brmubt
ubt
abzjs tfj pdrk odgp rjody hy pr`vbnbea ar`uen c`r tfj D4 c r `g `g c us us j 6 b e t f j Y ` w jr jr N b st s t r b hu
hu t b `e
`e M j et
et j r
rjody m`bo `e mbrmubt O12. Mbrmubt =33 p`wjrs tfj rjody (YNM) m`eejmts t` mbrmubt D84. Mbrmubt D84 cjjns mbr-
m`b o d e n m`e t d m t s . Qf j e t f j r j od od y j e jrjr a b zj
zj s,
s , b t m` e - mu b t C6 1 t f r ` ua ua f c u sj
sj : b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m `mk . M b r -
ejmts mbrmubt =33 t` mbrmubt O29. mubts C61 cjjns tfj O@G.
M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt \4 p r` r`v bn
bn js
js d a r` r `u e n c `r
`r t f j p d rk r k be
be a Mbrmubt A>3 cr`g tfj O@G m`eejmts t` tfj Sjfbmoj
odgps, tdbo odgps, den rjdr obmjesj podtj odgps. B e c`r
c`r g d t b ` e M j e t jrjr (SB M ).
). Qf j e t f j O @ G s je je s js
js d
b e `p
`p jr
jr d t b v j o d g p,
p, t f j S B M n b sp
sp od
od y s t f j n d t d t ` t f j
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD^B@E  vjfbmoj
vjfbm oj `p`pjrdt
jrdt `r`r..
•   Bc tfj vjfbmoj bs jqubppjn wbtf cdmt`ry bestdoojn M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 2929 w f b mfmf c jj
jj ns
ns t f j t d b o o d g ps ps d e n s bn bn j

t r d b o j r t ` w,
w, mb r mu
mu b t O 29
29 m `e
`e e j mt
mt s t ` t f j t r d b o j r t ` w   gdrkjr
mbrmubt O29 odgps, m`eejmts
m`etbeujs t` t`
tfjtfj O@G.podtj
obmjesj Cr`godgps.
tfj O@G, Mbr-
fdrejss.
•   M f j m k cu s j 4 = b e Y NM .
mu bt
bt s O 84
84 d e n O 8888 c r` r `g t f j O @G @ G p `w j r t f j t d b o
•   Mfjmk cusj 41 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk.
o d g p s d e n s b nj g d r k j r o d g p s .
Mbrmubt O:9 cr`g tfj st`p odgp swbtmf m`eejmts t`
]^@Y ODGY] DEN MFG]O ODGY] t f j O @G@ G . C r `g`g t f j O @G @ G , mb rm r mu bt
bt s O 1=
1= d e n O 1> 1>
M b r mu
mu b t D8:9 cr `g `g cu sj sj 44 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu hu - p `w
`w j r t f j s t `p
`p o d g ps
ps d e n mb rm r mu bt
b t O 6161 p `w
`w j r s t f j
t b `e
`e M j et e t j r (Y N M ) s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js v `o
`o t d a j t ` mb r mu
mu bt
b t O 43
43 M j e t j r F b a f G ` u e t jn
jn ]t ` p O d g p s (M F G ]O ). ).
tfr`uaf cusj 2 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt O43 m`e- Mbrmubt \4 ar`uens tfj O@G.
ejmts t` tfj st`p odgp swbtmf.
Qf je je t f j `p jr jr d t ` r p rj
r js sj
s j s t f j h r d k j p j nd
nd o , t f j
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
st`p odgp swbtmf mo mo`s
`sjs
js d en m` m`eejm
eejmts
ts mb
mbrmub
rmubtt O43 t`
mbrmubt O:9. Mbrmubt O:9 m`eejmts t` mbrmubts O1=, O1>
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
d e n O 61 61. M b r mu
mu b t O 1=
1= d e n O 1>
1> c j jn
jn t f j s t `p
`p o d g p s.
s.
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
M b r mu
mu b t O 61
61 p `w`w j r s t f j M j e t jr
jr F b a f G `u
`u e t j n ] t ` p
O d g p s (M F G ]O ). M b r m u bt bt \4 p r `v
`v b nj
nj s d a r `u
`u e n c `r
`r tfbs sjmtb`e
y`u drj `c tfj
o``kbea c`rwbrbea
bs e`t nbdardgs. Bc rjcjr
c`uen fjrj, tfj m`gp`ejet
t` sjmtb`e
t f j s t `p
` p o d g p s d e n M F G ] O o d g ps
ps .
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
Bc tfj vjfbmoj bs jqubppjn wbtf d odgp `utdaj g`n-
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
u o j,
j, mb r mu
mu b t O :9
:9 m`e e j mt
mt s t ` t f j g `nu
`nu o j.
j. ^f j o d g p
`utdaj g`nuoj p`wjrs mbrmubt O1=, O1> den O61.
 

\L   6 Q - : 8 ^Z X E ]B AE DO] 6Q - :8 - 4

6Q-:8 ^ZXE ]BAEDO]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E s ba


ba e d o o d g p.
p. M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 3>
3> d o s ` s p ob
o b mj
mj s t ` p `w
`w j r t f j
r ba
b a f t t u r e s ba
ba e d o b e nb
nb md
md t ` r o d g p b e t f j b e st
st r u g je
je t
JOJM^X@EBM COD]FJX XJODR moustjr.
^fj joj jojmmtr`ebm codsfjr rjody be tfj luem luemtb`etb`e ho` ho`mkmk Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts tfj ojct ture sbaedo, tfj
s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js h d t t j ry
r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j t u r e s ba b a e d o /f d z d r n guotb-cuem
guotb- cuemtb`e
tb`e swbtmf m`eej `eejmmts mbrm brmubt
ubt O: cr` cr`gg tfj
swbtmf mbrm brmubtry
ubtry be tfj guotb- guotb-cuem cuemtb`etb`e sw btmf. Qfje Qfje c od
od s f jr
jr r jojo d y t ` mb rm
r mu bt
b t s O 34
34 d e n O 3: 3:. M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 34
34
t f j b a e b t b ` e s w b t m f b s @ CC, t f j f d z d r n c o d s f j r s w b o o cj j ns t f j o j c t r j d r t u r e s b a e d o o d g p d e n s b nj g d r k j r
` p j r d t j hu t t f j t u r e s b a e d o s w b o o e ` t . o d g p.
p. M b r mu
mu b t O 3:
3: c jjjj ns
ns t f j o jc jc t c r `e
`e t t u r e s baba e d o
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e odgp. Mbrmubt O3: dos` spobmjs t` p`wjr tfj ojct ture
M j e t jr
jr (Y N M ) p `w `w j r s t f j j oj oj mt
mt r ` e bm
bm c od
od s f j r t f r ` uaua f sbaedo benbmdt`r odgp `e tfj bestrugjet moustjr.
cusj 4= be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. M b r mu
mu bt
b t \4 p r` r `v bn
bn js
js a r `u`u e n c `r `r t f j t u r e s ba ba e d o
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts odgps.
mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje-
tjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D88. Mbrmubt D88 cjjns tfj codsfjr FD\DXN COD]FJX]
rjody tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt \4 Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts tfj fdzdrn codsfjrs, tfj
pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rjody. g u o t b -cu
-cu e mtmt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf mb r mumu b t O 48
48 cr `g`g t f j co d s f jr jr
M b r mu
mu b t O : cr `g `g t f j c o d s f jr jr r j odod y m`e e j mt mt s t ` t f j rjody mbrmubts O39, O34, O3> den O3:.
guotb-cuem
guotb- cuemtb`e
tb`e swbt mf t` suppoy p`wjr p`wjr t` t fj t ure sba- M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 3434 c j jn
jn s t f j o jcjc t r jd
jd r t u r e s ba
ba e d o o d g p. p.
e d o mb r mumu b t s . ^f j g u o t b- b-c u e mt
mt b `e
`e s w b t mfmf m`e e j mt mt s t ` M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 3939 c j jn
jn s t f j r bab a f t r jd
jd r t u r e s ba
b a e d o o d g p.p.
tfj rbaft rjdr ture sbaedo odgps `e mbrmubt O39 den Mbrmubt O3: cjjns tfj ojct cr`et ture sbaedo odgp, sbnj
tfj ojct rjdr ture sbaedo odgp `e mbrmubt O34. Mbrmubt g d r k jrjr o d g p d e n t f j b e st st r u g je
je t mo us
us t jr
jr b e nbnb md
md t ` r
O 3>
3> cr `g `g t f j s w b t mfmf c jjjj ns t f j r b a f t cr `e `e t t u r e s b ae ae d o o d g p.
p. M b r mu mu b t O 3>
3> c jjjj ns
ns t f j r b af
af t c r `e
`e t t u r e s ba ba e d o
o d g p d e n s bn bn j g d r k jrjr o d g p. p. M b r mumu bt
b t O 3:
3: c j jn jn s t f j o d g p , s b nj g d r k j r o d g p d e n t f j b e s t r u g j e t m o u s t j r
o j ct cr ` e t t u r e s b a e d o o d g p d e n s b nj g d r k j r o d g p . benbmdt`r odgp.
M b r m u b t O 4 8 c r ` g t f j co d s f j r r j o d y m ` e e j m t s t ` t f j M b r mu
mu b t \4 p r `v `v b nj
nj s a r ` u e n c ` r t f j f d z d r n co codd s f j r
g u o t b-
b-cu e mt
mt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf t ` s u pp pp oy
oy p `w `w j r t ` t f j f d z d r n odgps.
codsfjr mb mbrmub
rmubts.
ts. ^fj guotb-guotb-cuem cuemtb`etb`e swbtmf m` m`eejm
eejmts ts
t` tfj rjdr ture sbaedo odgps `e mbrmubts O39 den O34
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
d e n t f j c r `e `e t t u r e s b a ed
e d o d e n s bn bn j g d r k jr jr o d g ps p s `e
mbrmubts O3> den O3:.
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
^ZXE ]BAEDO]jr d t `r
Qf je
je t f j `p jr `r s jo
jo jm
jmt s t f j r b af
af t t u r e s ba
ba e d o ,
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
t f j g u o t b-
b-cu e mt
mt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t O : cr `g`g
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
tfj codsfjr rjody t` mbrmubts O39 den O3>. Mbrmubt O3>
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
c jj
jj n s t f j r ba
ba ft
f t c r `e
`e t t u rere s baba ed
e d o o d g p d e n s bn bn j
g d r k j r o d g p . M b r m ub
ub t O 3 9 cjj
cjj ns t f j r b a f t r j d r t u r e
 

\L   6 Q - : = Q B YJX ] 6Q - := - 4

6Q-:= QBYJX]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts tfj @E p`sbtb`e, p`wjr
b s s u pp
pp ob
ob jn
jn t f r ` ua
ua f t f j s w b t mf
mf t ` mb r mu
mu b t S4=. ^f j
BE^JXGB^^JE^ QBYJX @YJXD^B@E S4= mb r mu mu bt
b t m`e e jmjmt s c r `g
`g t f j s w b t mf mf t ` t f j r jd jd r
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts wbpjr m`etr`o g`nuoj.
mbrmub
mb rmubtt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y NM t` mbrmubt mbrmubt D=4.D=4. Mbr- ^f j g `n `n u ojoj p r`
r`mj ssss js
js t f b s s ba ba e d o d e n s u pp pp obob js
js
mu btb t D=4 p `w`w j r s mb r mumu b t C 63
63 t f r `u
`u a f t f j mb r mu mu bt
bt p `w j r t ` t f j w b pj pj r g `t `t `r
`r. A r `u` u e n c `r `r t f j w b pj pj r
hrjdkjr be mdvbty 4 `c tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C63 g`t`r bs suppobjn `e mbrmubt \4.
suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj betjrgbttjet wbpjr swbtmf. Qfje t fj sw btmf bs podm podmjn
jn be tfj NJ OD ODR R p`sbtb`
p`sbtb`e, e,
Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts O@Q spjjn wbpjr `pjr- p`wjr bs suppobjn cr`g tfj swbtmf t` tfj g`t`r m`e-
dt b`
b`e,e, tfj swbtmf m`eej`eejmmts mb mbrmub
rmubtt C63 t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt S=
S=.. tr`o `e mbrmubt S8>. ^fj g`nuoj pr`mjssjs tfbs sbaedo
Mbrmubt S= p`wjrs tfj wbpjr g`t`r o`w spjjn hrusf. d e n m`e e j mt mt s t f j g `t `t ` r t ` v ` ot
ot d a j . ^f j d g ` u e t `c
Qfje t fj `pjrd
`pjrd t`r sjojmts
sjojmts FBA F spj spjjn jn w bpj
bpjrr `pj
pjr-r- NJ OD ODR R bs m` m`etr`ooj
etr`oojn n hy t fj p`sbtb`e
p`sbtb`e `c tfj rjdr wbpjr
dt b`
b`e,e, tfj swbtmf m`eej`eejmmts mb mbrmub
rmubtt C63 t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt S>
S>.. swbtmf.
Mbrmubt S> p`wjrs tfj wbpjr g`t`r spjjn hrusf. Qf jeje t f j QD] F s w b t mf mf b s d m t bv bv d t j n,
n, p `w
`w j r b s
Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r sjojmts betjrgbttjet wbpjr `pjr- pdssjn tfr`uaf tfj swbtmf t` mbrmubt S89. ^fbs mbrmubt
d t b `e
`e t f j w b pj
pj r s w b t mf
mf s jeje n s d s ba
ba e d o s t ` t f j H ` n y b s n` u ho j m r b g p j n d t t f j s w b t m f . @ e j hr d e m f ` c t f j
mbrmubt m`eejmts t` tfj rjdr wbpjr m`etr`o g`nuoj. ^fj
M
nj`e`tejr
jtrrg
`ob eG
`o js `n
js `nt fujoj
oj d g
(H`MuG e t) ``ce njmbod
odr mu
myu bstjo
joSjm:t4j.n ^
jm `f
e j mbHr mu mMuGbt `t f jr
jr h rd r d e mf
mf m`e e jm jmt s t ` t f j r jd jd r w d s f jr jr p u g p
S:9 cr`g tfj swbtmf. g`t`r.
Dc t j r nj t jr
jr g b e bebe a t f j d g ` u e t `c nj od od y s jo
jo jm
jmt j n, De dnnbtb`edo beput t` tfj rjdr wbpjr m`etr`o g`n-
t f j H M G p jr jr b`
b `n bm
b md o o y je jr jr a bz
bz js
js t f j b e t jr jr g bt bt t j e t uoj bs supp suppobj objnn `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt A 16 16.. ^fbs mbrm brmubt
ubt bs m` m`e-e-
wbpjr rjody `e mbrmubt S46. Mbrmubt C63 cr`g tfj mbr- e jm
jmt jn
jn t ` t f j o bc bc t ad
ad t j d e n o bcbc t ao
ao d ss
s s d ldl d r s w bt
b t mf
mf js
js .
mu b t hr jd jd k j r b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m `mk p `w `w j r s t f j r j od od y M b r m u b t A1 6 s b a e d o s t f j m ` e t r ` o w f j e t f j o b ct a d t j ` r
m`bo den m`etdmts. Mbrmubt C63 bs F@^ wfje tfj baeb- obctaodss `pjes.
t b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf b s b e t f j DM DM M J ] ]@ X R `r `r X Z E p `s `s b t b`
b `e . Qfje tfj obctadtj bs dldr tfj wbpjr m`etr`o g`nuoj
Qf je je t f j b e t jr jr g btbt t j e t w b pj
pj r r jo jo d y j ej ej ra
r a bz
b z js
js b t wboo e`t doo`w tfj rjdr wbpjr `r wdsfjr t` `pjrdtj.
p`wjrs
p` wjrs mb mbrmub
rmubtt S3 S3.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt S3 m`eej m`eejmmts t` mb mbrmub
rmubtt S=
FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
t f r `u
`u a f t f j b e t jr jr g bt
bt t j e t w b pjpj r s w b t mf mf . M b r mumu btb t S=
p`wjrs
p` wjrs tfj wbpjr g`t`r o`w o`w spjspjjn jn hrusf. Mbrmub Mbrmubtt \8 •   M f j m k cu s j s 6 d e n 4 4 b e t f j Y NM
•   Mfjmk cusjs = den 6 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk
pr`vbnj
pr` vbnjss ar`uen c`r tfj hrusf. Qfje Qfje e`t jej jejrabzj
rabzjn, n,
•   M f j m k t f j ` p j r d t b ` e ` c t f j o b ct a d t j d ld r s w b t m f
tfj rjody m`eejmts mbrmubt C63 t` mbrmubt S33. Mbrmubt
S3 3 m ` e e j m t s t ` t f j p d r k s w b t m f b e t f j b e t j r g b t t j e t O@Q QD]FJX COZBN OJSJO ]JE]@X
wbpjr g`t`r den tfj HMG.
Qf je je t f j s w b t mf
mf b e t f j o `w `w w d s f j r c ou ou bn
b n s je
je s `r
`r
XJDX QBYJX/QD]FJX mo`sjs, bt m`eejmts mbrmubt A82 cr`g tfj Sjfbmoj Bec`r-
^f j r j d r w b pj
pj r d e n w d s f j r s y s t jg
jg u s js
js d s w b t mf
mf g d t b ` e M j e t jr
jr (SB M ) t ` a r `u `u e n `e mb r mu mu b t \8 \8.. ^f j
dssjghoy o`mdtjn be tfj rbaft swbtmf p`n. SB M nb s p o d y s t f j o ` w w d s f j r c o u b n g j s s d a j .
Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj DMMJ]]@XR `r
XZE p`p`sbtb`
sbtb`e,
e, bt m` m`eejm
eejmts
ts mbmbrmub
rmubtt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D=4.
Mbrmubt D=4 p`wjrs mbrmubt S8= tfr`uaf cusj = be tfj QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
luemtb`e ho`
luemtb`e ho`mmk. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt S8
S8= = supp
suppobj
objss p`
p`wjr
wjr c` c`rr tfj ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
rjdr wbpjr/wd sf swbtmf. tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
Mbrmubt D8:9 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj YNM p`wjrs mbr- y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
mubtt C19 tfr`uaf cusj 6 be tfj luemtb`
mub uemtb`e e ho`
ho`mmk. M brm
brmubt
ubt 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
C 19
19 p `w
`w j r s t f j r jd
jd r w b pj
pj r g `t
`t `r
` r d e n t f j m`e t r `o
`o
g`nuoj o`mdtjn betjredo t` tfj g`t`r dssjghoy. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

\L   6 Q - : > ^X DB OJX ^@Q 6Q - :> - 4


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

6Q-:> ^XDBOJX ^@Q

AJEJXDO BEC@XGD^B@E M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt 2> b s c jnjn p `w j r t f r `u `u afa f t f j e `r `r g d oo
oo y
M O @ ]J N s b nj ` c t f j s t ` p o d g p r j o d y hy m b r m u b t C1 9 .
BE^X@NZM^B@E M b r m u b t C1 9 b s F @ ^ d t d o o t b g j s d e n p r ` t j m t j n hy d
^w ` t r d b o jr
jr t ` w p d mkmk d a j s d r j d v d b o d hoj
hoj ; d c d m t `r
`r y mb rm
r mu bt
bt h rjr j d k jr
jr o `m
`md t j n b e t f j r ba
b a ft
f t r jd
jd r q u d r t jr
jr
b e st
st d o o jn
jn p d mkmk d a j d e n d p d mkmk d a j w b t f d c t j r-
r-g d r k jt
jt pdejo.
pr`vbsb`es. ^fbs sjmtb`e pr`vbnjs sjpdrdtj wbrbea nbd-
OJC^ ^ZXE XJODR 
a r d g s c` c`rr j d mf
mf .
Y`wjr c`r tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj ojct ture rjody bs sup-
pobjn hy mbrm mbrmubtubt O34
O34.. ^fbs
^fbs mbrm
mbrmubt
ubt m`
m`eejmts
eejmts t` t fj ojct
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E sbnj ture sbaedo odgps. Ar`uen c`r tfj m`bo sbnj `c tfj
rjody bs suppobjn `e mbrmubt \4.
^XDBOJX ^@Q„ CDM^@XR BE]^DOOJN Q f j e t f j ` p j r d t ` r t u r e s t f j o j ct t u r e s b a e d o @ E,
^f j c d mt mt `r
`r y b e st
st d o o jn
jn t r d b o jr
jr t `w`w s y stst j g b e t f b s p`wjr co`ws tfr`uaf tfj m`bo be tfj rjody t` ar`uen
vjfbmoj usjs tfrjj rjodys den d mbrmubt hrjdkjr do`ea mdusbea tfj m`etdmts be tfj rjody t` swbtmf cr`g tfj
wbtf tfj trdbojr t`w wbrbea m`eejmt`r. e`rgdooy M O@]J N p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e
e t` m`eejm
m`eejmtt mbrm brmubts
ubts 2> den
M b r mu
mu b t D8:9 cr `g `g cu sj sj 44 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu hu - O34.
tb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C19 tfr`uaf cusj 6 M b r mumu bt
b t 2> b s t f j c jj jjn c `r
`r t f j m`e t d m t s bn
b n j `c t f j
b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m
`mk . M b r mu mu b t C1 9 s u p po po b js
js hd t t j r y r jo
jo d y.
y. M b r mu mu bt
b t O 34
34 m`e e jm jmt s c r `g
`g t f j r jojo d y t ` t f j
v `o
`o t d a j c `r
` r t f j t r d b o jr
jr t `w`w mb r mu mu b t h r jd
jd k j r d e n t f j tr d bojr t`w m`eejmt`r.
m`eejmt`r.
m`e t d m t s b njnj ` c t f j s t ` p o d g p r j od od y M brb r mu
mu bt
bt 2> b s c jn jn p `w j r t f r `u`u af
a f t f j e `r `r g d oo
oo y
^f j t r d bo b o jr
jr t `w
`w mb rm rmu bt
bt h rjr jd k jr
jr b s t d p jn jn t ` t f j M O @ ]J N s b nj ` c t f j s t ` p o d g p r j o d y hy m b r m u b t C1 9 .
t r d b o jr
jr t `w
`w f d r e jsjs s o `m` md t j n b e t f j o j ctct r jd
jd r q u d r t j r M b r m u b t C1 9 b s F @ ^ d t d o o t b g j s d e n p r ` t j m t j n hy d
pdejo. mb rm
r mu btbt h rjr j d k jr
jr o `m
`md t j n b e t f j r ba
b a ft
f t r jd
jd r q u d r t jr
jr
pdejo.
]^@Y ODGY XJODR 
Y ` w jr
jr c `r
`r t f j m`b o s b n j `c
` c t f j s t `p
`p o d g p r j od
od y b s FJOYCZO BEC@XGD
BEC@XGD^B@E 
^B@E 
suppobj
supp objn
n hy mb mbrmub
rmubtt O:9
O:9.. ^fbs mb mbrmub
rmubtt m`eej
`eejmmts t` tfj •   M f j m k c u s j 4 4 b e t f j Y NM
s t `p
`p o d g p s . A r `u
`u e n c`
c`rr t f j m`b o s b nj b s s u pp
pp ob
ob jn
jn `e •   Mfjmk cusj 6 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk

mbrmubt \4 \4.. •   Mfjmk tfj Be-Obej mbrmubt hrjdkjr

Qfje t fj `pjrd`pjrd t`r prjssjs


prjssjs t fj hrd kj pjndo, pjndo, v`
v`otdaj
otdaj •   D trdbojr hrdkj pr`vbsb`e bs tdpjn t` tfj fdrejss

co`ws tfr`uaf tfj m`bo `c tfj rjody t` ar`uen mdusbea d t t f j o ` w j r o j ct ` c t f j b e s t r u g j e t p d e j o


tfj m`etdmts be tfj rjody t` m`eejmt mbrmubts C19 den
2:. ^XDBOJX ^@Q„ DC^JX-GDXKJ^
Mbrmubt 2: m`eejmts t` tfj ojct den rbaft ture sbaedo ^fj dctjr-gdrkjt trdbojr t`w m`eejmt`r bs o`mdtjn be
rjodys. S`o `otdtd aj co`ws tfr`uaf tfj mo mo`s
`sjn
jn m`etd
m`etd mts be t f j o jc
jc t r j d r q u d r t j r p d e j o.
o. ^f j m`e e j mt mt ` r m`e t d b e s
tfj rjodys t` tfj trdbojr t`w m`eejmt`r. c jj
jj n mb r mu
mu b t C1 9 cr `g `g cu s j 6 b e t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m`mk .
M b r mu
mu b t O 39
39 cr ` g t f j r b a f t t u r e s b ae
ae d o s , mb r mu
mu b t O 29
29
XBAF^ ^ZXE XJODR  c `r
`r p d r kbkb e a o d g ps
ps , d e n mb r mu mu bt
b t O :9
:9 c r `g
`g t f j s t `p `p
Y ` w jr
jr c `r
`r t f j m `b`b o s b nj
nj `c t f j r ba b a f t t u r e r jo
jo d y b s o d g p s w b t mf
mf .
suppobjn
suppobj n hy mb mbrmub
rmubtt O39
O39.. ^fbs mb mbrmub
rmubtt m`eej
`eejmmts t` tfj
r b a f t s b nj t u r e s b ae
ae d o o d g p s . A r `u
`u e n c `r`r t f j m `b
`b o s b nj
`c tfj rjody bs suppobjn `e mbrmubt \4. ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r t u r e s t f j r b a f t t u r e s b ae
ae d o @ E,
p ` w j r co ` w s t f r ` u a f t f j m ` b o b e t f j r j o d y t ` a r ` u e n QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
m d u s b e a t f j m ` e t d m t s b e t f j r j o d y t ` s w b t m f cr ` g t f j ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
e`rgdooy M O@]J N p` p`sbtb`
sbtb`e e t` m`eejm
m`eejmtt mb mbrmub
rmubtsts 2> den tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
O39.
M b r mu
mu bt
b t 2> b s t f j c jj
jj n c `r
`r t f j m`e t d m t s bn
bn j ` c t f j 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
r jo
jo d y.
y. M b r mu
mu bt
b t O 39
39 m`e e jm
jmt s c r `g
`g t f j r jojo d y t ` t f j t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
trdbojr t`w m`eejmt`r.
 

\L   6 Q - 3 9 Y@Q JX Q B E N @Q ] 6Q - 39 - 4

6Q-39 Y@QJX QBEN@Q]

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]


BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV
V ..... ..... ...... .. 8
Y@QJX
Y@Q JX QBEN
QBEN@Q
@Q]
] ....................... 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E p ob


ob jn
jn `e mb r mu
mu b t T 48
48 hd mk t ` t f j s w b t mf
mf . ^f j NNG
m`eejmts mbrmubt T48 t` ar`uen mbrmubt \4.
BE^X@NZM^B@E C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn.
Do o c ` u r p ` w jrjr w b e n`w
n`w s md e hj m `e `e t r ` oo
oo jn
jn hy t f j ^f j Y N G m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t T 48
48 t ` mb r mu
mu b t C6
C644 den
swbtmfjs `e tfj Nrbvjrs N ``r G`nuoj (NN (NN G) G).. Dnnb- m`eejmts mbrmubt T88 t` ar`uen mbrmubt \4.
t b `e
`e d o oy
o y, t f j o j ct
ct r jdjd r w b e n `w`w d s w j oo oo d s t f j r b a f t
OJC^ XJDX QBEN@Q 
cr `e
`e t d e n r b a f t r j d r w b e n`w
n`w s f d v j s j pdpd r d t j s w b t m f js
js .
^f j s w b t m f p `n `n `e t f j NNG d m`e t d b e s o `m `mk `u t M b r mu
mu b t s T 41
41 d e n T 81
81 m`e e j mt
mt t f j Nr b v jr
jr ‒s
‒s N` `r
`r
s w b t mf
mf . ^f j o `m `mk -`
-`u t cj
cjdd t u r j p r jv
jv je
je t s t f j w b e n`wn`w s G`nuoj (NNG) t` tfj ojct rjdr wben`w swbtmf. Qfje
c r `g
`g h jb jb e a ` pj
pj rd
rd t j n h y d e y s w b t mfmf `t f jrjr t f d e t f j t f j `p jr jr d t ` r f d s e `t `t s jo
jo jm
jmt j n t f j w b e n`w n`w o `m`mk -`
-`u t
nrbvjrs n``r swbtmf. c j d t u r j , t f j NNG m ` e e j m t s m b r m u b t s T 4 1 d e n T 8 1 t `
J d m f r j d r w b e n `w `w s w b t mfmf m`e t d b e s d e O J N . ^f j hdttjry v`otdaj. Dt tfj ojct n``r fdrejss, mbrmubt T41
N N G p rj r jv je
je t s b oo
oo u gb
gb e d t b `e
`e `c t f j O J N s w f j e t f j m`eejm
m` eejmts ts t` mbrm brmubt
ubt T4T46 6 d en mb mbrmub
rmubtt T8T81 1 m`eejm
m`eejmts ts t`
`pjrdt`r sjojmts tfj wben`w o`mk-`ut cjdturj. mbrmubt T86. Mbrmubts T46 den T86 m`eejmt t` tfj ojct
r j d r p ` w j r w b e n` w s w b t m f .
Y@QJX QBEN@Q] B c t f j w b e n` w b s ` p j r d t j n c r ` g o j ct r j d r s w b t m f c ` r
M b r mu
mu b t D8:9 cr `g
`g cu sjsj 44 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b hu
hu - wben`w N@QE `pjrdtb`e, tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt
tb`e Mjetjr (Y NM) p`wjrs mbrmub mbrmubtt C64 tfr`uaf tfj mbr- T48 cr`g tfj p`wjr wben`w g`t`r t` ar`uen `e mbr-
mubt hrjdkjr be mdvbty 8 `c tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt mubt \4. ^fj ojct rjdr wben`w swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt
C 64
64 s u pp pp ob
ob js
js p `w
`w j r t ` t f j N r b vj
vj rs
r s N ``
` `r G `n`n u oj
oj T86
T8 6 t` mbrm brmubt
ubt T8T88. 8. Mbrmubt T8 T88 8 p`wjrs t fj wben`w 
(NNG) den tfj Ydssjeajrs N``r G`nuoj (YNG). ^fj g`t`r. Mbrmubts T48 den \4 pr`vbnj ar`uen.
NNG d e n Y NG ` p j r d t j t f j p ` w j r w b e n` w s . M b r m u b t C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn.
^fj ojct rjdr wben`w swbtmf m`eejmts T88 t` ar`uen
\4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj p`wjr wben`w systjg. `e mb r mu mu b t \4
\4.. M b r mu
mu b t T 46
46 p ` w jr jr s t f j r j d r w b e n`w
n`w  
OJC^ CX@E^ QBEN@Q @YJXD^B@E  g`t`r. Mbrmubts T88 den \4 pr`vbnj ar`uen.
^f j Nr b v jr jr s N` `r
`r G `nu`nu o j ` p jr jr d t j s t f j o jc
jc t cr `e
`e t ^fj ojct rjdr wben`w swbtmf m`etdbes d Obaft Jgbt-
w b e n`w
n`w . Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r s jo
jo jm
jmt s w b e n`w
n`w N@ QE QE t b e a Nb `nj`nj (O J N). N). ^f j N NG b oo oo u g be
be d t j s t f j O J N ` e
`p jr
jr d t b ` e , t f j NNG m`e e j mt mt s mb r mu
mu b t C6 4 t ` mb r mu mu b t mb r mu
mu b t J 8 4.4. M b r mu
mu b t J 8 4 m `e
`e e j mt
mt s t ` mb r mumu b t J 8 9 d t
T84. Mbrmubt T84 a`js cr`g tfj swbtmf t` tfj p`wjr tfj ojct n``r fdrejss. Mbrmubt J89 m`eejmts t` tfj ojct
w b e n`w
n`w g `t `t ` r.
r. Ar ` u e n c`
c`rr t f j g `t `t ` r b s s u pp
pp obob jn
jn `e r j d r w b e n` w s w b t m f d e n p ` w j r s t f j O J N.
t f j T 44 44 m b rm
rmu b t hd m k t ` t f j s w b t mf mf . ^f j N NG m`e - B c t f j `p jr jr d t ` r f d s s jo
jo jm
jmt j n t f j w b e n`w n`w o `m`mk -`
-`u t
ejmts mbrmubt T44 t` ar`uen mbrmubt \4. c jd
jd t u r j , t f j N N G w b o o e `t ` t s u pp
pp oy
oy p `w`w j r t ` t f j o j ct
ct
C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn. r j d r w b e n`w
n`w s w b t mf
mf `e mb r mu mu b t s T 81
81 d e n T 41
41. D os os `,
`,
^f j NNG m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t T 44
44 t ` mb r mu
mu b t C6 4 d e n t f j NNG n` j s e ` t b o o u g b e d t j t f j O J N b e t f j s w b t m f .
m`eejmts mbrmubt T84 t` ar`uen mbrmubt \4. B c t f j w b e n`w
n`w b s ` pj
pj r d t j n c r ` g NX B SJ X ‒]
‒] s w b t mf
mf
c `r
`r w b e n`w
n`w N@ QE QE `p jrjr d t b ` e , t f j NNG p `w `w j r s mb r -
XBAF^ CX@E^ QBEN@Q @YJXD^B@E  mubtt T8
mub T81 1 d en ar`uens mbrmubt
mbrmubt T4 T41.1. Mbrmubt T8T811 m`e-
m`e-
^f j Y d s s je je a jr
jr s N` `r `r G `nu
`nu o j (Y NG ) `p jr jr d t j s t f j e jm
jmt s t ` mb r mu mu bt
b t T 86
86 d t t f j o jcjc t r jd
jd r n ``
``r f d r e js
js s.
s.
r b a f t c r ` e t w b e n` w . B c t f j NX B SJ X ` p j r d t j s t f j p d s - Cr`g mbrmubt T86, murrjet pdssjs tfr`uaf tfj mo`sjn
sjeajr wben`w, tfj Nrbvjrs N``r G`nuoj sbaedos tfj m`e t d m t s b e t f j o jcjc t r jd
jd r w b e n `w
`w s w b t mf
mf t ` mb r mu
mu bt
bt
Y d s s j e a j r s N` ` r G ` nu o j ` v j r t f j M M N H u s . T 88
88. M b r mumu bt
b t T 8888 p `w`w j r s t f j w b e n `w
`w g `t`t `r
`r. ^f j
C` r w b e n`w n`w N@ QE QE `p jr jr d t b ` e , t f j Y N G m`e e j mt mt s ar`uen pdtf c`r tfj g`t`r bs `e mbrmubt T48 cr`g tfj
mbrmubt C64 t` mbrmubt T88. Mbrmubt T88 a`js cr`g tfj g `t
`t ` r,
r, t f r ` ua
ua f t f j mo `s
`s jn
jn m`e t d mt s b e t f j o jct
jct r j d r
p `w
`w j r w b e n `w `w s w b t mfmf mb r mu
mu bt
bt r y b e t f j Y N G t ` t f j w b e n `w
`w s w b t mfmf t ` mb r mu
mu bt
b t T 46
46, t ` T 41 41 h d mk
mk t ` t f j
p `w
`w j r w b e n`wn`w g `t `t ` r.
r. Ar ` u e n c` r t f j g ` t `r`r b s s u p - NNG.

6Q - 39 - 8 6 Q - 3 9 Y@Q JX Q B E N @Q ]   \L
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn. poy p`wjr t` tfj rbaft rjdr wben`w swbtmf `e mbrmubts
^f j NNG p `w
`w j r s mb r mu
mu b t T 41
41 d e n a r `u
`u e ns mb r mu
mu b t T46 den T86. Dos`, tfj YNG n`js e`t boougbedtj tfj
T81. O J N b e t f j s w b t mf
mf .
B c t f j w b e n`w
n`w b s ` pj pj r d t j n c r ` g NX B SJ X ‒] ‒] s w b t mf
mf
XBAF^ XJDX QBEN@Q  c`rr w b e n`w
c` n`w N@ QE QE `p jr jr d t b ` e , t f j NNG s b ae ae d o s t f j
Mbrmubts T46 den T86 m`eejmt tfj Ydssjeajr‒s N``r Y NG ` v j r t f j M M N H u s . B e r j s p ` e s j , t f j Y NG p ` w -
G `n
`n uo
u o j (Y N G ) t ` t f j r ba b a ft
f t r jd
jd r w b en
e n `w
`w s w btb t mf
mf . jrs mbrmubt T86 den ar`uens mbrmubt T46. Cr`g mbrmubt
Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r fds e`t sjojmtjn tfj wben`w o`mk- T 86
86, mu r r jeje t p d s s js
js t f r ` uaua f t f j mo `s `s jn
j n m `e t d m t s b e
`ut cjdturj, tfj YNG m`eejmts mbrmubts T46 den T86 t f j r b a f t r j d r w b e n`w
n`w s w b t mf mf t ` m b r mu
mu b t T 88
88. M b r mu
mu b t
t ` hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j . T88
T8 8 p`wjrs
p`wjrs tfj wben`w g`t` g`t`r. r. ^fj
^fj ar`uen pdtf c` c`rr
B c t f j w b e n`
n`w b s ` pjpj rd
rd t j n c r `g
`g r b af
af t r jd
jd r s w b t mf
mf tfj g`t`r bs `e mbrmubt T48 cr`g tfj g`t`r, tfr`uaf
c`r wben`w N@QE `pjrdtb`e, tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbr- tfj mo`sjn m`etdmts be tfj rbaft rjdr wben`w swbtmf t`
mubt T48 cr`g tfj p`wjr wben`w g`t`r t` ar`uen `e tfj YNG `e mbrmubt T46.
mbrmubt \4. ^fj rbaft rjdr wben`w swbtmf m`eejmts mbr- C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn.
mubt T86 t` mbrmubt T88. Mbrmubt T88 p`wjrs tfj wbe- Dc t jr
jr t f j N N G s ba ba e d os
o s t f j Y N G `e t f j M M N H u s ,
n`w g`t`r. Mbrmubts T48 den \4 pr`vbnj ar`uen. t f j Y N G p `w `w j r s mb r mumu bt
b t T 46 46 d e n a r `u `u e n s mb rm
r mu bt
bt
C`r wben`w ZY `pjrdtb`e tfj mbrmubts drj rjvjrsjn. T86.
^f j r ba b a ft
f t r jd
jd r w b e n`
n`w s w bt bt mf
mf m`e e jmjmt s T 8888 t `
ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. Mbrmubt T46 cr`g tfj YNG p`w-
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
j
r braf
asf tm b rrmu
mjd
judbrt w
Tb48
4e8n `w
`tw
f r `s ua
u
wabft mf
mft .f jM bmromu
m`s
`usbt
bjn
jtn Tm48
4`8e t dpm`w
`tw
s jbres tt f
f jj
wben`w g`t`r. Mbrmubts T88 den \4 pr`vbnj ar`uen. QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
^f j r b a f t r jd jd r w b e n `w `w s w b t mf mf m`e t d b e s d O b af af t ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
J g b t t bebe a N b `n `n j (O J N ). ). ^f j Y N G b oo oo ug
ug be be d t j s t f j tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
OJN `e mbrmubt J89. y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
B c t f j `p jr jr d t ` r f d s s jo jo jm
jmt j n t f j w b e n`w n`w o `m `mk -`
-`u t 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
cj d t u r j , t f j Nr b v j r ‒s N` ` r G ` nu o j s b a e d o s t f j Y NG t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
` e t f j M M N hu s . B e r j s p ` e s j , t f j Y NG w b o o e ` t s u p -
 

\L   6 Q - 3 4 Y@Q JX N @@X O@MK] 6Q - 34 - 4

6Q-34 Y@QJX N@@X O@MK]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E mbrmubt Y=3. ^fj NNG dos` m`eejmts mbrmubt Y=> cr`g
t f j g `t `t ` r t ` a r ` u e n.
n.
BE^X@NZM^B@E Qf je je t f j N N G r jm jmj bv
bv js
js t f j Z E O @ M K s ba ba e d o , b t
^fj Nrbvjrs N``r G`nuoj (NNG) p`wjrs tfj nrbv- p`wjrs mbrmubt Y=> den ar`uens mbrmubt Y=3.
j r s n`
n`` `r o `m `mk g `t `t ` r.
r. ^f j Y d s s je je a jr
jr s N` `r
`r G `nu`nu o j Dct j r r j mjmj bv
bv be
be a d O @ M K s b ae ae d o , t f j Y N G s u pppp obob js
js
(YNG) p`wjrs tfj pdssjeajr, h`tf rjdr n``ro`mk den hd t t j r y v `o`o t d a j t ` t f j r b a f t cr `e
`e t n` n```r o `m
`mk g `t `t ` r,r,
t f j o bc
bc t a d t j o `m
`mk g `t `t `r
`r s . ^f
^f j N N G d e n Y N G j d mf mf rjdr n``r o`mk g`t`rs den obctadtj o`mk g`t`rs `e mbr-
m`etdbe d n``r o`mk swbtmf. Qfje `ej `c tfj swbtmfjs mubt Y8. ^fj YNG dos` m`eejmts mbrmubt Y=> cr`g tfj
bs dmtbvdtjn, d sbaedo bs sjet `e tfj MMN Hus t` tfj g`t`r t` ar`uen.
`t f jr
jr n `` ``r g `n `n uo
u o j (Y N G `r N N G n jp jp je
je n be
b e a `e Qf je je t f j N N G r jm jmj bv
bv js
js t f j Z E O @ M K s ba ba e d o , b t
w f b mf
mf s w b t mfmf d m t b vd
vd t j n) t ` j bt
bt f j r O @ M K `r Z EO @ M K p`wjrs mbrmubt Y=> den ar`uens mbrmubt Y8.
tfj o`o`mk
mk g`t`rs.
g`t`rs. ^fj ^fj Xjg`tj Kjyojss Kjyojss J etry trd esgbt-
t j r m d e d o s ` O @M @ M K `r Z E O @ M K t f j n ` `r `r o `m
`mk d e n XJG@^J KJROJ]] JE^XR
obctadtj o`mk g`t`rs. ^fj YNG m`etdbes tfj rdnb` crj- ^f j X jg jg `t
`t j K jyjy oj
o j s s J e t r y (X K J ) t r d e sg s g bt
bt t jr
jr
q u j e my
my r j mj mj bv
bv jr
jr t f d t r j mjmj bv
bv js
js t f j X KJ t r d e s g b t t j r s je
je n s t f r jj
jj u e bq
bq u j s bab a e d o s t ` t f j r d n b ` c r jq
jq u je
je mymy
sbaedos. r j mj
mj bv
bv jr
jr b e Y d s s je
je a jr
jr s N` `r `r G `nu
`nu o j (Y NG )< )< O @ M K,

^fj vjfb vjfbmo


moj
j bs jqubp
jqubppj pjn n wbtf d X`o X`oobea
obea N ````rr O`m
O`mkk Z
t fEj Ot f
@rMj K
j sdb aeend oYsDE
D
, E
t fBjM Y. NG
Dc t jr
Dc jhr
r `b td nm
r jm
jdmsjtb svj
vjtsf jd ed p
y p`re` jp r`b -c
cj d t u r j . Q f j e t f b s cj d t u r j b s j e d ho j n, t f j Y NG w b o o
o`mk tfj n``rs den obctadtj dctjr tfj vjfbmojs rjdmfjs d t j s b a e d o ` v j r t f j M M N hu s .
dppr`xbgdtjoy 4: GYF.
OBC^AOD]]
Y@QJX N@@X O@MK] Mbrmubtt D8:
Mbrmub 8:99 cr`g cusj 44 be tfj Y `wjr N bstrbhu-
M b r mu
mu b t D8:9 cr `g `g cu sj sj 44 b e t f j Y ` w j r Nb s t r b huhu - tb`e Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C19 tfr`uaf cusj 6
tb`e Mjetjr (Y NM) p`wjrs mbrmub mbrmubtt C64 tfr`uaf tfj mbr- b e t f j lu e m t b ` e ho ` m k . B c t f j o b c t a o d s s o b g b t s w b t m f b s
mubt hrjdkjr be mdvbty 8 `c tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt mo`s
mo `sjn,
jn, bt m` m`eejm
eejmtsts mb
mbrmub
rmubtt C19 t` t fj obc obctaod
taod ss sw btmf
C 64
64 s u pp pp obob js
js p `w
`w j r t ` t f j N r b vj vj rs
r s N `` ` `r G `n `n u oj
oj (pusf hutt`e) `e mbrm brmubt
ubt Y 49 494.
4. Qfje
Qfje mo mo``sjn, t fj obct-
(NNG) den tfj Ydssjeajrs N``r G`nuoj (YNG). ^fj a o d s s s w b t mf
mf m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t Y 4 94 94 t ` mb r mu mu b t Y 4 9999 .
NNG den YNG `pjrdtj tfj p`wjr n``r o`mks. Mbrmubt Mbrmubtt Y 49
Mbrmub 499 9 cjjns tf j obctaodss s` s`ojoje`b
e`bn. n. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt \4
\4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj p`wjr n``r o`mks. ar`uens tfj s` s`oje`
oje`bn.
bn.
^f j Y N G m`e t d b e s t f j r d n b ` c r jq jq u jeje my
my r jmjmjb vj
vj r
t f d t r jm
jmj bvbv js
js t f j r d n b ` c r jq
jq u je
je my
my s ba
ba e d o s c r `g
`g t f j
X jg
jg `t`t j K jy jy oj
oj s s J e t r y (X K J ) t r d e sg s g bt
bt t jr
jr. Dc t jr jr ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
jbtfjr tfj pdssjeajr n``r o`mk swbtmf dmtbvdtjs `r bt
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
r j mj
mj bv
bv js
js b e pu
pu t c r `g
`g t f j X KJ t r d e s g b t t j r, r, t f j Y NG
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
s je
je n s t f j d p pr pr `p
`p rb
r b d t j s b a e d o t ` t f j N N G `v jr jr t f j
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
MMN Hus. Qfje tfj NXBSJX] n``r o`mk swbtmf dmtb-
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
vdtjs, tfj NNG sjens tfj dppr`prbdtj sbaedo t` tfj
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
YNG.
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
Dc t j r r j mj
mj bv
bv b e a d O @ M K s b ae ae d o , t f j NNG s u pp pp ob
ob js
js
hd t t j r y v `o
`o t d a j t ` t f j o j c t cr `e `e t n`n```r o `m
`mk g `t `t ` r ` e
 

\L   6 Q - 3 8 Y@Q JX G B X X @X] 6Q - 38 - 4

6Q-38 Y@QJX GBXX@X]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E N u r be


be a O J C ^ d n lu
lu st
s t g je
je t s,
s , t f j N N G s up
up p ob
ob js
js
p`wjr t` tfj OJC ^/XBA F^ g`t`r
p`wjr g`t`r `e mbrm brmubt
ubt C1: de n
BE^X@NZM^B@E ar`uens mbrmubt C1=.
^f j Nr b v jr jr s N` `r `r G `nu`nu o j (NNG ) m`e t r ` os os h` h`tt f C`r XBAF^ dnlustgjets, tfj p`odrbty rjvjrsjs. ^fj
p`wjr gbrr`rs. ^fj NNG dnlusts tfj ojct gbrr`r den NNG suppobjs p`wjr t` mbrmubt C1= den ar`uens mbr-
s b a e d o s t f j Y d s s j e a j r N` ` r G ` nu o j (Y NG ) ` v j r t f j mubt C 1:
1:..
M M N h u s t ` d n lu lu s t t f j r b af
af t g b rrrr `r
`r. D p u sf sf h ut ut t `e
`e
XBAF^ GBXX@X DNLZ]^GJE^ 
s w b t m f ` e t f j ` u t s b nj ` c t f j NNG m ` e t r ` o s t f j f ` r b -
z `e
`e t d o d e n v jr jr t b md
md o p `s
`s bt
bt b `e
`e `c h `t `t f g b rr r r `r
`r s . ^f j ^f j Y NG d nlu st st s t f j r b a f t g b r r `r
`r b e r j s p`
p`e s j t `
N N G d o s ` f d s d s jo jo jm
jmt `r
`r s w b t mf
mf w b t f r b af af t , o j ct
ct d e n s b a e d o s b t r j m j b v j s ` v j r t f j M M N hu s c r ` g t f j NNG .
mjetjr (`cc) p`sbtb`es c`r gbrr`r sjojmtb`e. Q f j e d e Z Y d nlu s t g j e t b s g d nj , t f j Y NG s u p p o b j s
] `g
` g j g `n `n jo
jo s w b t f X jg jg `t `t j K j yo
yo js
js s J e t r y (X K J ) p`w
p` w jr t` t fj rbaf t gbrr`r Z Y /N@Q N@QE E g`t`r `e mbrmubt
fdvj d gjg`ry cjdturj tfdt doo`ws tfj XKJ trdes- C14 den ar`uens mbrmubt C1=.
g b t t j r t ` g ` v j t f j nr b v j r s s j d t d e n ` u t s b nj g b r r ` r s Qf j e d N@ QE QE d nlu st st g j e t b s g d nj , t f j p `o`o d r b t y
t` d sdvjn p`sbtb`es.
p`sbtb`es. ^fj ^fj gjg`ry cjdturj dos` mde sjt rjvjrjs. ^fj YNG suppobjs p`wjr t` mbrmubt C1= den
t f j r d nb ` p u s f hu t t ` e s t ` p r js js jt
jt s t d t b ` e s.
s. ar`uens mbrmubt C14.
N u r bebe a O J C ^ d n lu lu st
s t g je
je t s,
s , t f j Y N G s up up po
po bj
bj s
Y@QJX GBXX@X p`wjr
p` wjr t` tfj OJC ^/XBA F^ g`t`r g`t`r `e mbrm brmubt
ubt C1: de n
^f j mb r mu mu bt b t s c r `g
`g t f j o jc jc t `u t s bn
bn j g b rrr r `r
`r t ` t f j ar`uens mbrmubt C1=.
Nr b v j r N` ` r G ` nu o j (NNG ) d e n r b a f t g b r r ` r t ` Y d s - C`r XBAF^ dnlustgjets, tfj p`odrbty rjvjrsjs. ^fj
sjeajrr N``
sjeaj N``rr G` G`nuojnuoj fd vj bnjetbmdo
bnjetbmdo mbrm brmubt
ubt eughjrs. YNG suppobjs p`wjr t` mbrmubt C1= den ar`uens mbr-
J d m f g br b r r `r
`r f d s t w ` g `t `t `r
`r s ; d e Z Y /N @ QE QE g `t `t `r
`r mubt C1:.
de n d OJC ^/XBA F^ g`t`r. g`t`r. ^fj ^fj g`t`
g`t`rs rs swbtmf p` p`odr-
odr-
b t y t ` d o o`o`w g b rr r r `r
`r d n lu
lu s t gj
g je t . ^f j N N G d e n Y N G FJD^JX JOJGJE^]
dnlust gbrr`r p`sbtb`e hy suppoybea p`wjr `r ar`uen ^fj Nrbvjr N``r G`nuoj (NNG) p`wjrs tfj fjdtjr
t` tfj gbrr`r g`t`rs. mbrmubt be tfj ojct p`wjr gbrr`r. ^fj Ydssjeajr N``r
J d m f g br b r r `r
`r f d s d v jr jr t b md
md o p `s
`s bt
bt b `e
`e s je
je s `r`r d e n d G ` nu o j p ` w j r s t f j f j d t j r j o j g j e t b e t f j r b a f t g b r -
f `r
`r b z `e
`e t d o p `s `s b t b`
b`e s je je s `r
`r. ^f j s je je s `r`r s b e t f j o jc jc t r `r
`r. Qf j e t f j H `ny M ` e t r `o `o G `nu`nu o j (H M G ) nj t j mt mt s
gbrr`r m`eejmt t` tfj NNG. ]jes`rs be tfj rbaft gbr- t f j `p j r d t `r`r p r js js sj
sj n t f j r jd jd r w b en e n `w
`w n jc jc `a
`a aj
aj r
r `r
`r m`e e jm jmt t ` t f j Y N G . ^f j N N G d e n Y N G n jt jt j r-
r- s w b t m f , b t hr ` d nm d s t s t f j d p p r ` p r b d t j g j s s d a j t ` t f j
gbej f`rbz`etd
f`rbz`etd o p`sbtb`e p`sbtb`e `e mb mbrmub
rmubtt C6: den vjrtbm vjrtbmdodo N N G d e n Y N G `v jr jr t f j M M N h us us . ^f^f j N N G d e n
p`sbtb`
p` sbtb`e e `e mb mbrmub
rmubtt C6>C6>.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt C63 pr`vbnjs pr`vbnjs ar`uen Y N G d mt m t b vd
vd t j t f j f jd
jd t j r jo jg
jg je
je t s b e t f j g br b r r `r
`r s
c`r jdmf sjes`r. u e t b o t f j H M G e ` o ` e a j r hr ` d nm d s t s t f j g j s s d a j ` e
Bc tfj vjfbmoj bs jqubppjn wbtf de dut`gdtbm ndy/ tfj MMN hus.
e b af
af t r jd
jd r v bj bjw g b rr rr `r
`r, t f j o jc jc t p `w
`w j r g br b r r `r
`r d o s ` ^f j NN G d e n Y NG p `w `w j r t f j f j d t j r j o jg
jg j e t ` e
d u t ` g d t b md
md o o y d nl nlu u s t s t ` v d r y b e a d g hbj
hbj e t o b a f t b e t je
je - m b r m u b t M 4 3 . @ e m b r m u b t \4 , t f j NNG d e n Y NG p r ` -
sbty.. Mbrmub
sbty Mbrmubts ts Y 44> den Y 448 m`eej m`eejmt mt t fj ojct p` p`wjr
wjr vbnj ar`uen c`r tfj fjdtjr jojgjets.
gbrr`r t` tfj dut `gdtbm ndy /ebaft rjdr vbj vbjww gbrr`
gbrr`r. r.
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
OJC^ GBXX@X DNLZ]^GJE^ 
^f j NNG d nlu st st s t f j p `s`s b t b`
b`e `c t f j o jc
jc t g b r r `r
`r.
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
Q f j e d e Z Y d nlu s t g j e t b s g d nj , t f j NNG s u p p o b j s
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
p`wjr
p`wjr t` tfj ojcojctt gbrr`r Z Y /N@Q N@QE E g`t`
g`t`rr `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
C14 den ar`uens mbrmubt C1=.
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
Qf j e d N@ QE QE d nlu st st g j e t b s g d nj , t f j p `o
`o d r b t y
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
rjvjrjs. ^fj NNG suppobjs p`wjr t` mbrmubt C1= den
ar`uens mbrmubt C14. t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry,
ry, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - 3 = Y@Q JX ]JD^ 6Q - 3= - 4

6Q-3= Y@QJX ]JD^

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Y@QJ


Y@ QJX
X ]JD
]JD^] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FJD^J
FJD ^JN
N ]JD^]
]JD^] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. =
GJG@
GJ G@XR
XR ]JD
]JD^]
^] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y41 mbrmubt hdmk t` tfj
swbtmf. D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbr-
BE^X@NZM^B@E mubt Y41 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
H`tf cr`et p`wjr sjdts `e tfbs vjfbmoj fdvj sjpd- C`r F@XB \@E^ \@E^D DO XJDXQDXN cuemtb`e tfj mbr-
rdtj g`t`rs c`r dnlustbea oughdr, cr`et, rjdr, f`rbz`e- mubts drj rjvjrsjn. Y41 bs tfj cjjn, den Y4: bs tfj
tdo den vjrtbmdo p`sbtb`e. Dos`, tfj vjfbmoj gdy fdvj ar`uen.
Qfje tfj `p `pjrdt`r
jrdt`r sjo sjojm
jmts
ts tfj XJDX SJX^BMDOSJX^BMDO
`ptb`edo fjdtjn sjdts. Z Y cu e mt mt b `e
`e , t f j s w b t mf
mf p d s s js
js p `w
`w j r c r `g
`g mb r mumu b t
] `g
` g j g `n`n jo
jo s w b t f X jgjg `t`t j K j yoyo js
js s J e t r y (X K J )
fdvj d gjg`ry cjdturj tfdt doo`ws tfj XKJ trdes- C=: t` mbrmubt Y44. Mbrmubt Y44 m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r.
g b t t j r t ` g ` v j t f j nr b v j r s s j d t d e n ` u t s b nj g b r r ` r s Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y4= hdmk t` tfj swbtmf.
t` sdvjn p`sbtb`es. ^fj gjg`ry cjdturj dos` mde sjt D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y4=
t f j r d nb ` p u s f hu t t ` e s t ` p r js
js jt
jt s t d t b ` e s.
s. t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
C`r XJDX SJX^BMDO N@QE cuemtb`e tfj mbrmubts
Y@QJX ]JD^] d r j r j vj
vj r sj
sj n. Y 4 = b s t f j c jj
jj n, d e n Y 4 4 bs
bs t f j a r ` u e n.
H ` t f p `w
`w j r s j d t s y s t jg
jg d r j p r ` t jm
jmt j n hy d 89 d g p Qfje tfj `p `pjrdt`r
jrdt`r sjo
sjojmjmts
ts tfj CX@E^ SJX^ SJX^BMDO BMDO
mb r mu
mu b t hr jd
jd k j r o `m
`md t j n b e md v b t y = `c t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e Z Y cu e mt mt b `e
`e , t f j s w b t mf
mf p d s s js
js p `w
`w j r c r `g
`g mb r mumu b t
ho`mk. Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e C=: t` mbrmubt Y42. Mbrmubt Y42 m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r.
Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C=: tfr`uaf tfj mbrmubt Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y84 hdmk t` tfj swbtmf.
hrjdkjr. D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y84
B e h `t`t f p `w
`w j r s jdjd t s , mb r mu
mu bt
b t C =:
=: c jjjj ns
ns t f j s jd jd t t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
p `s
`s bt
bt b `e
`e s w b t mf
mf d e n o ug ug h d r d n lu
lu s t gj
g j et
e t s w b t mf
mf . D C`r CX@E^ SJX^ SJX^BMDOBMDO N@Q N@QE E cuem
cuemtb`e
tb`e tfj mb mbr-
r-
HZ] hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmfjs cjjns doo tfj m`e- mubts drj rjvjrsjn. Y84 bs tfj cjjn, den Y42 bs tfj
td mts. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt \4 pr`v
pr`vbnjs
bnjs ar`uen c`r jdmf p`wjr sjdt . ar`uen.
Q f j e t f j ` p j r d t ` r s j o j m t s t f j X J M O B EJ Z Y c u e m -
OZGHDX DNLZ]^GJE^  tb`e, tfj swbtmf pdssjs p`wjr cr`g mbrmubt C=: t` tfj
Oughdr p`sbtb`e bs dnlustdhoj `e h`tf p`wjr sjdts. Y >=
> = mb rm
r mu bt
bt . M br
b r mu
mu bt
bt Y > = m`e e jm jmt s t ` t f j g `t `t `r
`r .
M b r mu
mu b t C =: cjj
cjj ns t f j o j c t d e n r b a f t o u g hd r d nlu st
st - Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y>4 hdmk t` tfj swbtmf.
g je
je t s w b t mf
mf . B n je
je t b md
md o mb r mu
mu bt
b t s c r `g
`g jd m f s w b t mf
mf D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y>4
p ` w j r ` r a r ` u e n t f j o u g hd r g ` t ` r t ` d nlu s t o u g hd r t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
p`sbtb`e. C `r
`r X J M O B E J N @ QE QE c ue ue mt
mt b `e
`e t f j mb r mu
mu bt
bt s d r j
@e jbtfjr p` p`wjr
wjr sjdt, nurbea OZ GHDX C@XQD C@XQDXN r j v j r s j n. Y > 4 b s t f j cj j n, d e n Y > = b s t f j a r ` u e n.
dnlustgjets, tfj oughdr swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt C=:
t` mbrmubt
mbrmubt Y 493 93.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt Y 49
4933 cjjns
cjjns tfj oughdr g`t` g`t`r. r. YD]]JEAJX‒] ]JD
]JD^ 

^fj ar`uen pdtf bs suppobjn `e mbrmubt Y491 cr`g tfj Qfje t fj `pjrdt `r sjojmts
sjojmts tf j F@X B\@E^
B\@E^D DO C @X-
g`t`rr tfr`uaf tfj mo
g`t` mo`s
`sjn
jn m`etd
m`etd mts be swbtmf t` mbrmubt mbrmubt QDXN cuemtb`e, tf j sw btmf pd ssjs p`wjr cr`g mbrmubt
\4. C=: t` mbrmubt Y4>. Mbrmubt Y4> m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r.
C` r O Z G H DX DC^ d nlu st st g j e t s , t f j mb r mu
mu b t s d r j Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y43 mbrmubt hdmk t` tfj
r j vj
vj r sj
sj n. Y o 91
91 p ` w jr
jr s t f j g `t
`t ` r d e n mb r mumu b t Y 4 93
93 swbtmf. D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbr-
pr`vbnjs ar`uen. mubt Y43 t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4.
C`r F@XB \@E^ \@E^D DO XJDXQDXN cuemtb`e tf j mbr-
NXBSJX‒] ]JD^  mubts drj rjvjrsjn. Y43 bs tfj cjjn, den Y4> bs tfj
Qfje t fj `pjrdt `r sjojmts
sjojmts tfj F@XB \@E^
\@E^D DO C @X- ar`uen.
QDXN cuemtb`e, tf j sw btmf pd ssjs p`wjr cr`g mbrmubt Qfje tfj `p `pjrdt`r
jrdt`r sjo sjojm
jmts
ts tfj XJDX SJX^BMDO
SJX^BMDO
C=: t` mbrmubt Y4:. Mbrmubt Y4: m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r. Z Y cu e mt
mt b `e
`e , t f j s w b t mf
mf p d s s js
js p `w
`w j r c r `g
`g mb r mu
mu b t

6Q - 3= - 8 6 Q - 3 = Y@Q JX ]JD^   \L
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

C=: t` mbrmubt Y49. Mbrmubt Y49 m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r. •   Y 4 9 : ” o u g hd r c` r w d r n


Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y48 hdmk t` tfj swbtmf. ^` `pj pjrd
rd tj tfj sjdt g`t` g`t`r( r(s)
s),, tfj m`etr`
`etr`oo g`nuo
g`nuoj
j
D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y48 suppobjs tfj p`wjr den ar`uen. ^fj c`oo`wbea bs d obst
t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. `c t fj mbrmubts
mbrmubts tfd t m`eej
`eejmmt cr` cr`g
g tfj m`etr`
`etr`oo g`nuoj

d r jC`r vXJDX
r j vj sj n. SJX^BMDO
j r sj Y 4 8 b s t f j cN@QE
jj n, d e ncuemtb`e
jj Y 4 9 b s ttfj
f j ambrmubts
r `u
`u e n. t ` •t f  Yj4s4j2d ,t Yg4`8t 4
` r-s <]j d t c r ` e t u p d e n n` w e
Qfje tfj `p `pjrdt`r
jrdt`r sjo sjojm
jmts
ts tfj CX@E^ SJX^ SJX^BMDO BMDO •   Y444, Y44= - Xjdr up den n`we

Z Y c u e mt mt b `e
`e , t f j s w b t mf
mf p d s s jsjs p `w
`w j r c r `g
`g mb r mu
mu b t •   Y 4 4 : , Y 4 4 1 - ]j d t c` r w d r n d e n r j d r w d r n

C=: t` mbrmubt Y46. Mbrmubt Y46 m`eejmts t` tfj g`t`r. •   Y>4, Y>= - Xjmobejr c`rwdrn den rjdrwdrn

Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y89 hdmk t` tfj swbtmf. •   Y 4 9 3 , Y 4 9 1 ” O u g hd r c` r w d r n d e n r j d r w d r n

D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y89


t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. ]JD^ Y@]B^B@E ]JE]@X] 
C` r CX @ E^ SJ SJ X ^B ^B M DO
DO N@ QE QE cu e mt mt b `e
`e t f j m b r - ^f j G jg
jg `r
`r y ]j d t G `nu
`nu o j (G ]G ) r j mj
mj bv
bv js
js s jd
jd t
mubts drj rjvjrsjn. Y89 bs tfj cjjn, den Y46 bs tfj p`sbtb`e beputs cr`g cbvj sjes`rs be tfj nrbvjr‒s sjdt.
ar`uen. @e mbrmubt Y82, tfj G]G suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj sjdt
Q f j e t f j ` p j r d t ` r s j o j m t s t f j X J M O B EJ Z Y cu e m - p`sbtb`
p` sbtb`e
e sjes`
sjes`rs
rs `e mbrm
brmubt
ubt Y 82
82.. ^fj G]G pr` pr`vbnj
vbnjss
tb`e, tfj swbtmf pdssjs p`wjr cr`g mbrmubt C=: t` tfj ar`uen c`r tfj sjes`rs `e mbrmubt Y86.
Y > > mb rm r mu bt
bt . M br
b r mu
mu bt
b t Y > > m`e e jm jmt s t ` t f j g `t `t `r
`r. Mbrmubt Y8: pr`vbnjs tfj beput cr`g tfj f`rbz`etdo
Ar`uen bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt Y>8 hdmk t` tfj swbtmf. c`rwd
c` rwd rn/rjdrw drn g`t`
g`t`rr sjes`
sjes`rr t` t fj G] G. Mbrmubt

D hus hdr betjredo t` tfj swbtmf m`eejmts mbrmubt Y>8 Y>1 pr`vbnjs tfj beput cr`g tfj rjmobej g`t`r sjes`r.
t` ar`uen `e mbrmubt \4. Mbrmubt Y49= sjens tfj oughdr g`t`r sjes`r beput.
C `r
`r X J M O B E J N @ QE QE c u em e mt b `e
`e t f j mb r mu
mu bt
bt s d r j Mbrmubt Y81 pr`vbnjs tfj beput cr`g tfj rjdr rbsjr
r j v j r s j n. Y > 8 b s t f j c j j n, d e n Y > > b s t f j a r ` u e n. g `t`t ` r s j e s `r
`r t ` t f j G ]G . M b r mu mu b t Y 8 3 p r `v
`v b nj
nj s t f j
beput cr`g tfj cr`et rbsjr g`t`r sjes`r. Mbrmubt Y82
GJG@XR ]JD^] c r `g
`g t f j G ]G p `w `w j r s t f j r b s jr
jr g `t`t ` r s je
je s `r
`r s . ^f j
Mbrmubt D1 cr`g cusj 4: be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e G]G pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj rbsjr g`t`r sjes`rs `e
Mjetjr (YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C=: tfr`uaf tfj mbrmubt mbrmubt Y86.
hrjdkjr be mdvbty = `c tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C=:
GJG@XR ]QB^MF 
p`wjrs tfj Gjg`ry ]jdt G`nuoj (G]G). Mbrmubt \4
pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj G]G. ^f j g j g `r `r y s w b t mf
mf b s u s jn
jn c`c`rr p r `a
`a r d g g b e a t f j
Qfje tfj `pjrdt`r g`vjs tfj p`wjr sjdt swbtmf `r nj sb
sb r jn
jn s jd
jd t p `s
`s b t b`
b`e s b e t ` t f j G ]G g j g` g`r y.
y. ^f j
t f j o u g hd r d nlu st st g j e t s w b t mf
mf , m `e
`e t d mt s b e t f j s w b t mf
mf gjg`ry swbtmf dos` pr`ardgs p`wjr gbrr`r p`sbtb`e
MO@]J m`eejmtbea tfj swbtmf t` tfj G]G. ^fj G]G bet` tfj Nrbvjrs N``r G`nuoj (NNG) den tfj Ydssje-
r jm
jmj bvbv js
js t f b s b e pu pu t d e n `p jr jr d t j s t f j p r` r `p jr
jr s jd jd t a j r s N` ` r G ` nu o j (Y NG ), d e n p r j s j t s r d nb ` s t d t b ` e
g`t`r. sjojmtb`es.
^f j nr b v j rs rs g j g `r`r y s jd
jd t s y s t jg
jg md e hj d mt b v d t j n Mbrmubt Y88 cr`g NNG suppobjs p`wjr t` tfj tfrjj
hy jbtfjr `ej `c tfj gjg`ry swbtmfjs `e tfj ojct n``r sjts `c swbtmfjs be tfj gjg`ry swbtmf; sjt, gjg`ry
p d e j o ` r t f r ` u a f t f j X j g `t `t j Kj y oj oj ss
ss J e t r y (X KJ ) 4, d e n g j g `r `r y 8. ^f j t f r j j s w b t mfmf s jtjt s d r j w b r j n b e
t r d e s g bt
bt t j r.
r. B c `e j `c t f j g jg jg `r`r y s w b t mf
mf js
j s `e t f j p d r d o o jo
jo d e n j d mf
mf m`e t d b e s d s jp jp d r d t j r j s b st
st ` r.
r. ^f j
n ``
``r p d ej e j o b s p u sf s f jn
jn , t f j N r bv b v jr
jr s N ````r G `n `n uo
uo j v`otdaj ojvjo prjsjet `e mbrmubt Y88 njpjens `e wfbmf
(N N G)G ) s ba b a ed
e d o s t f j G ] G `e t f j M M N h us us . B c t f j g jg
jg `r `r y s w b t mf
mf b s d m t bv
bv d t j n.
n. M b r mu mu bt
b t \4 c r `g `g t f j
g j g ` r y cu e m t b ` e b s d m t b v d t j n hy t f j X KJ t r d e s g b t - NNG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj swbtmfjs.
t j r,
r, t f j Y d s s je je a jr
jr N` `r `r G `nu `nu o j (Y(Y N G ) s ba ba e d o s t f j D c t j r d g j g ` r y s w b t m f d m t b v d t j s , t f j NNG hr ` d n-
G]G `e tfj MMN hus. m d s t s t f j d p p r ` p r b d t j s b a e d o ` e M M N hu s . ^ f j G ]G
^fj c`oo`wbea
c`oo`wbea bs d obst `c t fj mbrm mbrmubts
ubts tfd t m`
m`eejm
eejmtt dnlusts sjdt p`sbtb`e be rjsp`esj t` tfj sbaedo.
c r `g
`g t f j p `w
`w j r s j d t s w b t mf
mf t ` t f j G ] G d e n t f jb
jb r M b r m u b t G 4 c r ` g t f j NNG p ` w j r s t f j a r j j e O b a f t
cuemtb`es< Jgbttbea Nb`njs (OJN) be tfj sjt swbtmf. Mbrmubt A>2
•   Y>9 - Xjmobejr up
p`wjrs tfj rjn OJN be tfj sjt swbtmf. Mbrmubt \4 pr`-

v b nj
nj s a r ` ueue n c `r
`r t f j O J Ns .

   Y>6
Y 4 2 -- Xjmobejr
Cr ` e t u p n`we
•   Y 8 4 - Cr ` e t n` w e
FJD^JN ]JD^]
•   Y44 - Xjdr up
]j pd
pd r d t j m`e t r ` o g ` nuo
nuo js
js `p jr
jr d t j t f j nr b vj vj r d e n
•   Y 4 = - X j d r n` w e
pdssjeajr fjdtjn sjdts. Mbrmubt C=: cr`g tfj mbrmubt
•   Y 4 : - ]j d t c ` r w d r n
hr jd
jd k j r b e md v b t y = `c t f j lu e mt mt b `e
`e ho `m `mk s u pp pp ob
ob js
js
•   Y 4 1 - ] jd
jd t r jd
jd r w d r n p `w
`w j r t ` h`h`tt f f j d t j n s jd
jd t m`e t r ` o g ` nu oj oj s.
s. M b r mu
mu b t
•   Y 4 9 > ” o u g hd r r j d r w d r n
D1 c r `g
`g c us us j 4: b e t f j Y ` w jr jr N b st s t r b hu
hu t b`
b `e M j etet j r
(YNM) p`wjrs mbrmubt C=: tfr`uaf tfj mbrmubt hrjdkjr.

\L   6 Q - 3 = Y@Q JX ]JD^ 6Q - 3= - =
NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E
@YJXD^B@E (M`etbeujn)

Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, bt fjdtjr arbns be tfj sjdt. Cr`g jbtfjr m`etr`o g`nuoj,
m`eejmts mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj YNM t` mbrmubt mbrmubt Y61 p`wjrs tfj arbn be tfj nrbvjrs sjdt musf-
D88. Mbrmubt D88 p`wjrs mbrmubt C14 tfr`uaf cusj 48 b `e
`e M u r r j e t co `w
`w s `u t `c t f j s jdjd t mu s f b `e`e `e mb r mu
mu b t
be tfj lu
luemtb`
emtb`e
e ho`
ho`mk
mk.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt C14 spobmj
spobmjss t` supp
suppoy
oy Y 6 6 t ` t f j a r b n `e t f j s j d t hd m k.
k. M b r m ub
ub t \4 cr
cr `g
`g t f j

p
sw`wb tjr
jmf
mrf js
jst ` d et nf jp r`
rn`rb
rvbbn
bvnjr
jjs
jrs dd e e n b eppu
pdust sj
sjt e` aj
atjfr j ffjd
jjd
jddttjn
jjnn ss jdj
jdd tt
jd arbn
J d mbef tfj jdsjdt
f jd t j n hdmk
jd t suppobjs
s jd m`e t r `o
`o g ar`uen.
`n u oj
`n oj g `e
`e b t `r
`r s s jdjd t
m`etr`o
m` etr`o g `nuo `nuojs. js. Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnj pr`vbnjss ar` ar`uenuen c` c`rr tfj t jg
jg pj
pj r d t u rj
r j t f r `u
`u af
af d t f jr jr g bs
bs t `r
`r b e jd mfm f s jd jd t .
m`etr`o g`nuojs den h`tf fjdtjn sjdt swbtmfjs. Qf je je s jd jd t t j gpg p jr
jr d t u r j r jd
jd m fj
f j s t f j t j gp
gp jrjr d t u r j
H ` t f f jd jd t j n s jd jd t s w b t mf mf js
js f d v j t f r jj jj p `s `s bt
bt b `e
`e s ; s jo
jo jm
jmt j n h y t f j `p jr jr d t ` r t f r `u
`u a f t f j f jd
jd t j n s jd jd t
@ CC, O @ Q ` r F B AF . M b r m u b t Y 1 s j e ns t f j nr b v j r s ‒s swbtmf, tfj m`etr`o g`nuoj st`ps suppoybea v`otdaj t`
f j d t j n s j d t s w b t m f s b a e d o t ` t f j nr b v j r s f j d t j n s j d t tfj fjdt jn sjdt arbns. ^` gdbetd be sjojm sjojmtjn sjdt tjg-
m`e t r `o`o g `n `n u oj oj . M b r mu mu bt
b t Y 6 s je je n s t f j p d s sj sj ea
e a jr
jr pjrdturj, tfj m`etr`o g`nuoj mymojs tfj arbn @E den
f jd
jd t j n s jd jd t s w b t mf mf s ba ba e d o t ` t f j p d s sj sj ea
ea jr
jr f jd jd t j n @CC.
s jd
jd t m`e t r `o `o g `n `n u oj oj . B e t f j O @ Q d e n F B A F p `s `s b-
b-
tb`es, tfj nrbvjrs fjdtjn sjdt swbtmf m`eejmts hdttjry
v `o
`o t d a j `e mb r mu mu b t C1 4 t ` mb r mu mu b t Y 1 (nr b vj vj r ‒s
‒s ) ` r Y 6
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
(p d s s je
je a jr
jr ).
). ^f j O @ Q d e n F B A F p `s `s b t b`
b`e nj t je je t j s
fdvj d rjsbst`r be sjrbjs hjtwjje tfj njtjetj den mbr-
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
mu bt
b t Y 1 `r Y 6 . B e t j r e d o t ` t f j s w b t mf mf , v `o`o t d a j c r `g`g ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be

mbrmubtt C14 pdssjs


mbrmub pdssjs t fr`uaf tf j rjsbst`r rjsbst`r t` mbrmubt
mbrmubt Y 1 tfbs sjmtb`e
y`u drj `c tfj
o``kbea c`rwbrbea
bs e`t nbdardgs. Bc rjcjr
c`uen fjrj, tfj m`gp`ejet
t` sjmtb`e
`r Y6. ^fj v`otdaj ojvjo `e mbrmubt Y1 `r Y6 cr`g tfj
swbtmf njpjens `e swbtmf p`sbtb`e (O@Q `r FBAF). 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
Dc t jr
jr r jmjmj b vb
vb ea
ea d s ba ba ed
e d o c r`
r `g b t s f jd
jd t j n s jd
jd t t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
s w b t mf
mf , t f j f j d t j n s j d t m`e t r ` o g ` nu
nu o js
js p `w
`w j r s t f j
 

\L   6 Q - 3 > Y@Q JX ]Z E X @@C 6Q - 3> - 4

6Q-3> Y@QJX ]ZEX@@C

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]


Y@QJ
Y@QJXX ]ZEX
]ZEX@@
@@C
C ....................... 4 QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDG
DG BENJ
BENJV
V ..... ..... ...... .. 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Qf j e t f j `p jr jr d t ` r s jojo jm


jmt s t f j M O @ ]J cu e mt mt b `e
`e ,
v`otdaj bs pr`
v`otdaj pr`vbnj
vbnjn n `e mbrmubt
mbrmubt C63 tfr`uaf tfj mo mo`s
`sjn jn
Y@QJX ]ZEX@@C m`e t d m t s b e t f j s w b t mf mf t ` mb r mumu b t T >8>8. M b r mu
mu b t T >8 >8
Qfje tfj baebtb`e swbtmf bs be tfj DMMJ]]@XR `r m`eejmts hjtwjje tfj swbtmf den tfj m`etr`o g`nuoj.
X Z E p `s
`s b t b`
b`e b t m`e e j mt
mt s mb r mu
mu b t D4 c r `g
`g c u s j 6 b e ^f j m`e t r ` o g ` nuonuo j t f j e d m t b vd
vd t j s t f j g `t
`t ` r d e n
tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr (YNM) t` mbrmubt D=4. g`vjs tfj suer``c t` tfj njsbrjn p`sbtb`e. ^fj p`sb-
Mbrmubtt D=4 p`wjrs
Mbrmub p`wjrs mbmbrmub
rmubtt C63 tf r`uaf tfj mbrm brmubt
ubt t b ` e s j e s ` r nj t j m t s w f j e t f j r ` ` c b s d t t f j j e n ` c b t s
hrjdkjr be mdvbty 4 `c tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C63 t r d v jo
jo b t s je
je n s d s ba ba e d o t ` t f j m`e t r `o
`o g `n`n u oj
oj d e n

cjjns tfj p`
cjjns p`wjr
wjr suer``
suer``cc m`etr`o
m`etr`o g`nuoj de n swbtmf. v`otdaj bs sfut `cc t` tfj g`t`r.
Mbrmubt \4 pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj suer``c systjg.
Qfje t fj `pjrd `pjrd t`r sjojmts
sjojmts tfj @YJ E cuem cuemtb`e,
tb`e, v`ot-
v`ot-
]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
daj bs pr`vbnjn `e mbrmubt C63 tfr`uaf tfj mo`sjn m`e-
t d mt
m t s b e t f j s w bt bt mf
mf t ` mb rm r mu bt
bt T >4 >4. M brb r mu
mu bt
bt T >4 >4
QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
m`eejmts hjtwjje tfj swbtmf den tfj m`etr`o g`nuoj.
^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
^f j m`e t r ` o g ` nuo nuo j t f j e d m t b vdvd t j s t f j g `t `t ` r d e n
tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
g`vjs
g`v js tfj suer``
suer``cc t` tfj njsb njsbrjn
rjn p`p`sbtb`
sbtb`e.
e. D p`sbtb`
p`sbtb`e e
y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
s je
je s `r`r b s u s jn
jn t ` p rj r j vj
vj et
e t t f j s u erer ``
``c c r `g
`g h jb jb e a
6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
g ` v j n t ` c d r b e d e y ` e j nb r j m t b ` e . Q f j e t f j s j e s ` r
t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
nj t j m t s t f j r ` ` c b s d t t f j j e n ` c b t s t r d v j o b t s j e ns d
sbaedo t` tfj m`etr`o g`nuoj den v`otdaj bs sfut `cc t`
tfj g`t`g`t`r. r.
 

\L   6 Q - 3 : ]YJJN YX @Y@X^B @E DO ]^JJX B E A 6Q - 3: - 4

6Q-3: ]YJJN YX@Y@X^B@EDO ]^JJXBEA

BENJV
pdaj pdaj

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]YJJN YX@Y@X^B@EDO ]^JJXBEA


ND^
ND ^D OBEK
OBEK M@EEJ
M@EEJM^ M^@X @X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ]@OJ
]@ OJE@
E@BN
BN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
BE^X
BE^X@N
@NZM
ZM^B
^B@E
@E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
]YJJN YX@Y@X^B@EDO ]^JJXBEA M@E^X@O QBXB
QBXBEA
EA NBDAX
NBDAXDGDG BENJ
BENJV V ..... ..... ...... .. 4
G@NZ
G@ NZOJ
OJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E Mbrmubt A1 suppobjs tfj vjfbmoj spjjn sjes`r t` tfj
]Y]MG.
BE^X@NZM^B@E
^fj spj
spjjn
jn pr`
pr`p`
p`rtb`ebea
rtb`ebea st jj
jjrbea
rbea systjg dut `gdtb- ]YJJN YX@Y@X^B@EDO ]^JJXBEA ]@OJE@BN
mdooy d nlus
nlusts
ts stjjrb
stjjrbea
ea jcc
jcc`rt
`rt hdsjn `e vjfb
vjfbmo
moj
j spjjn.
spjjn. ^f j s pj
pj jn
jn p r `p
`p `r
`r t b `e
`e d o s t j jr
jr b e a m`e t r ` o g `nu
`nu o j

^fj systjg pr`vbnjs dnnbtb`edo stjjrbea dssbst wfboj (]Y ]M G ) `p jr jr d t j s t f j s pj


pj jn
jn p r `p`p `r
`r t b `e
`e d o s t j jr
jr b e a
tfj vjfbmoj bs stdtb`edry `r dt o`w nrbvbea spjjns. Dt s `o
`o je
je `b
`b n. ^f^f j ]Y ]M G s u pp pp ob
ob js
js d p u os os j w b nt f g `nu `nu -
so`wjr spjjns, tfj systjg pr`vbnjs arjdtjr dssbst. Dt o d t j n v ` o t d a j t ` t f j s ` o j e ` b n. M b r m u b t s ]2 2 d e n ]2 6
f b a f jr
jr s pj
pj jns
jns , b t p r `v
`v b nj
nj s o js
js s d s s b s t r j su
su o t b ea
ea b e m`eejmt tfj ]Y]MG t` tfj s`oje`bn.
bemrjdsjn
bem rjdsjn stjjrb
stjjrbeaea jcc
jcc``rt.
Be tfj XZE p`sbtb`e, tfj baebtb`e swbtmf m`eejmts ND^D
ND^D OB EK M@EEJM
M@EEJM^@X
^@X
mbrmubt D4 cr`g cusj 6 be tfj Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mje- M b r mu
mu b t s N2 6 d e n N2 2 m `e `e e j mt
mt t f j ]p jj
jj n Y r ` p`
p`r -
tjr (Y NM ) t ` mb mbrmub
rmubtt D8888.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt D88 p`wjrs p`wjrs mbrm brmubt
ubt t b ` e d o ]t j j r b e a M ` e t r ` o G ` nu o j (]Y ]M G ) t ` t f j nd t d
C6= tfr`uaf cusj 3 be tfj luemtb`e ho`mk. Mbrmubt C6= obek m` m`eejm
eejmt`rt`r.. Mbrmub
Mbrmubtt N22 m`eejmm`eejmts ts t` mb
mbrmub
rmubtt N6=
s u pp
pp ob
ob js
js p `w
`w j r t ` t f j ]p jj jj n Y r ` p `r
`r t b `e
`e d o ]t j j r bebe a w f b mf
mf m`e t b e uj uj s t ` t f j n d t d o be be k m`e e jm
jmt `r
`r. ^f j
M`etr`o G`nuoj (]Y]MG). Mbrmubt \8 pr`vbnjs ar`uen ]Y]MG trdesgbts ndtd t` tfj smde t``o tfr`uaf tfj
c `r
`r t f j ] Y ] M G . n d t d o bebe k m`e e jm jmt `r
`r `e mb r mu mu bt
b t N 2 2.
2. ^f j ] Y ] M G
rjmjbvjs ndtd cr`g tfj smde t``o `e mbrmubt N26.
]YJJN YX@Y@X^B@EDO ]^JJXBEA M@E^X@O
G@NZOJ
M b r mu
mu b t C6 = p `w `w j r s t f j ]p j jn
jn Y r ` p `r`r t b `e
`e d o ]t j j r-
r- ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]
b e a M ` e t r `o`o G `nu`nu o j (]Y ]M G ). ). M b r mu
mu b t \8 p r `v `v b nj
nj s QBXBEA NBDAXDG BENJV
a r ` u e n c ` r t f j ]Y ]M G . ^fj c`oo`wbea benjx m`vjrs doo m`gp`ejets c`uen be
@ e m b r mumu b t ] 4, t f j ]Y ]M G s u pp pp obob js
js : v `o `o t s t ` t f j tfbs sjmtb`e `c tfj wbrbea nbdardgs. Bc tfj m`gp`ejet
stjjrbea wfjjo spjjn sjes`r. ^fj sjes`r pr`vbnjs tw` y`u drj o``kbea c`r bs e`t c`uen fjrj, rjcjr t` sjmtb`e
s ba
ba e d o s t ` t f j ] Y ] M G `e mb r mu mu bt
b t s ] =,
= , d e n ] >. > . ^f j 6Q-98 c`r d m`gpojtj obst `c doo m`gp`ejets sf`we be
]Y]MG pr`vbnjs ar`uen c`r tfj stjjrbea wfjjo spjjn t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s .
sjes`r `e mbrmubt ]8.
 

\L   6 Q - 1 9 ]YOB MJ B E C@X G D^B @E 6Q - 19 - 4

6Q-19 ]YOBMJ BEC@XGD^B@E

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^fbs sjmtb`e bnjetbcbjs doo spobmjs be tfj wbrbea nbd-
ardgs. Bt dos` sf`ws tfj spobmjs be tfjbr jetbrjty. Doo
mb r mu
mu bt
b t s t f d t d r j p d r t `c t f j s p ob
ob mj
mj s d r j s f `w
`w e , d e n
t f j s y s t jg
jg s t f j y d c cj mtmt d r j r j cj
cj r je
je mj
mj n. C` r v b jw
jw b e a
tfj o`mdtb`e `c jdmf spobmj be tfj vjfbmoj, rjcjr t` ]jm-
t b`e 6Q6Q--2:.
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - 6 9 M@E E JM^@X YB E - @Z ^] 6Q - 69 - 4

6Q-69 M@EEJM^@X YBE-@Z^]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E

BE^X@NZM^B@E
^fj pdajs rjcjrjemjn be tfbs sjmtb`e sf`w tfj m`e-
ejmt`r, tfj mbrmubts be tfj m`eejmt`r, den tfj pbe tfdt
mbrmub
mbrmubtt `m
`mmmupbj
upbjs.
s. Benbvbnudo m`
m`eejm
eejmt`r
t`r eughjrs dr j
rjcjrjem
rjcjrjemjn
jn `e nbdard g pdajs t fr`uaf`
fr`uaf`utut A r`up 6Q.
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry,
ry, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj


Yuhobmdtb`e E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-
83-98-
98-23
23 Cjhrud
Cjh rudry
ry,, 422
4223
3
 

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 4


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

6Q-29 M@EEJM^@X O@MD^B@E]

NJ]MXBY^B@E DEN @YJXD^B@E ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]

BE^X@NZM^B@E M@EEJM^@X/AX@ZEN O@MD^B@E]


^fbs sjmtb`e pr`vbnjs booustrdtb`es bnjetbcybea m`g- C`r btjgs tfd t drj e `t sf`we be t fbs sjmtb`e
sjmtb`e d E/]
p`ejet den m`eejmt`r o`mdtb`es be tfj vjfbmoj. D m`e- bs podmjn be tfj Cba. m`ouge.
ejmt`r benjx bs pr`vbnjn. Zsj tfj wbrbea nbdardgs be
j d mf
mf s jm
jmt b `e
`e c `r
`r m`e e j mt
mt ` r e u g hjr
hjr b nje
nje t b cbm
cbmd t b ` e .
Xjcjr t` tfj benjx c`r tfj pr`pjr cbaurj eughjr.

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


M499 HK Xjdr `c Xbaft C`a 4 M442 AR Xbaft Cr`et `c 49
Odgp ^rdesgbssb`e
M494 HK @e Y`wjr ]tjjrbea =, : M489 HK @e ^fjrg`stdt F`usbea :
Yugp M484 AR Beljmt`r E`. 4 :, 2
M498 HK Xjdr `c Ojct C`a Odgp 4 M488 AR Beljmt`r E`. 8 :, 6
M49= HK Xjdr `c Ojct Fjdnodgp 4, : M48= AR Beljmt`r E`. = :, 2
M49> AR O`wjr Ojct `c 4= M48> AR Beljmt`r E`. > :, 6
Bestrugjet Ydejo
M48: HK @e ^fr`ttoj H`ny :, 2
M49: HK Cr`et `c Ojct Cjenjr =
M483 HK @e ^fr`ttoj H`ny :, 2
]bnj ]fbjon
M481 AR @e Betdkj Gdebc`on :, 6
M493 HK Ojct Cjenjr ]bnj =
]fbjon, Ejdr Hrdkj M486 HK @e ^fr`ttoj H`ny :
Gdstjr Myobenjr M482 AR Beljmt`r E`. : :, 2
M491 HK Ojct Cjenjr ]bnj = M4=9 AR Beljmt`r E`. 3 :, 6
]fbjon, Ejdr Hrdkj M4=4 HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8
Gdstjr Myobenjr
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet,
M496 HK Ojct Cjenjr ]bnj = Ejdr YMG
]fbjon, Ejdr Hrdkj
M4=8 AR Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8
Gdstjr Myobenjr
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet,
M492 HK Ojct Xjdr M`rejr `c = Ejdr YMG
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet
M4== HK Ojct C`a Odgp 4
M449 HK H`tt`g `c Qbensfbjon >
M4=> HK Xjdr `c ^rdescjr Mdsj 1, 49
Qdsfjr Coubn Xjsjrv`br
M4=: HK Dh`vj Xjdr `c Mdtdoytbm 1, 49
M444 HK H`tt`g `c Qbensfbjon >
M`evjrt`r
Qdsfjr Coubn Xjsjrv`br
M4=3 HK Ojct Cr`et `c ^rdescjr 1, 49
M448 HK Mjetjr `c M`wo >
Mdsj
M44= HK H`tt`g `c Qbensfbjon >
M4=1 HK Xbaft Xjdr `c Jeabej :
Qdsfjr Coubn Xjsjrv`br (>.9O Jeabej)
M44> HK Hjo`w Hdttjry ^rdy >
M4=1 HK Xjdr `c Jeabej (:.8O 2
M44: HK Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8 Jeabej)
]fbjon, Hjo`w YNM
M4=6 HK Ejdr Nbstrbhut`r :, 2
M443 HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
M4=2 HK Ejdr Nbstrbhut`r :, 2
Bestrugjet Ydejo
M442 AR Ojct ]bnj `c @bo Yde :
(>.9O Jeabej)

6Q - 29 - 8 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


M4>9 HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8 M43= AR Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet, Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Dt YMG Ho`mk
M4>4 Q^ Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8 M43> HO Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet, Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Dt YMG Ho`mk
M4>8 AR Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8 M432 HK Ojct ]bnj `c 1, 49
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet, ^rdesgbssb`e
Dt YMG M419 HK Ojct ]bnj `c 1, 49
M4>= AE ^`p Ojct M`rejr `c 4= ^rdesgbssb`e
Ndsf Ydejo, Hjfben M414 HK Ojct ]bnj `c 1, 49
Bestrugjet Ydejo ^rdesgbssb`e
M4>> HK Hjo`w YNM
Hj 3 M418 HK Xjdr `c Ajejrdt`r 6
M4>: HK Xbaft Cr`et `c Jeabej :, 6 M41= HK Ejdr D/M M`gprjss`r 3, 6
M4>3 HK Dt Ajejrdt`r 3 M41: AR Beljmt`r E`. 1 2
M4>1 HK Dt ]tdrtjr G`t`r 3, 6 M413 AR Beljmt`r E`. 6 6
M4>6 HK O`wjr Ojct Cr`et `c 4 M412 HK @e Xdnbdt`r Mjetjr 4
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet ]upp`rt
M4>2 HK Xbaft C`a Odgp 4 M464 HK @e ^fr`ttoj H`ny 2
M4:9 HK Xjdr `c Xbaft C`a 4 M899 ED^ Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
Odgp Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
M4:4 HK O`wjr Xbaft Cr`et `c 4 Ho`mk
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet M894 XN Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
M4:8 HK Dt F`re, O`wjr Xbaft 4 Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Cr`et `c Sjfbmoj Ho`mk
M4:= HK Dt F`re, O`wjr Xbaft 4 M898 HK Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
Cr`et `c Sjfbmoj Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
M4:> HK Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8 Ho`mk
]fbjon M89= HO Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
M4:: HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8 Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet Ho`mk
M4:3 HK Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8 M89> RO Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
]fbjon Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Ho`mk
M4:1 HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet M89: HK Xbaft M`urtjsy Odgp 44
M4:6 HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8 M893 HK @e Cr`et `c FSDM Zebt 48
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet M891 AR Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
M4:2 HK Xbaft Xjdr M`rejr `c 8, 88 Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Jeabej M`gpdrtgjet Ho`mk
M896 HK Dt Ao`vj H`x Odgp 44
M439 HK X baft M`rejYdejo
Bestrugjet r `c 48 M892 HK @e FSDM Zebt E/]
M434 HK Cr`et `c Ojct Cjenjr = M849 HK Xjdr `c ]wbtmf E/]
]bnj ]fbjon M844 HK Xjdr `c Sjfbmoj 44
M438 XN Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48 Bec`rgdtb`e Mjetjr
Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e (SBM)
Ho`mk M848 XN Mjetjr `c Bestrugjet 44
Ydejo

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - =


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


M84= AE Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48 M8>9 HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e Bestrugjet Ydejo
Ho`mk M8>4 Q^ O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
M84> HK Xjdr `c Dsf Xjmjbvjr 44 Bestrugjet Ydejo
Odgp M8>8 AR ^`p `c Bestrugjet 44
M84: HK @e H`tt`g `c FSDM E/] Ydejo, Hjtwjje
Zebt ]tjjrbea M`ouge den
M843 HK Xjdr `c Mbadr Obaftjr 44 Mjetjr Co``r M`es`oj
M841 HK Hjfben Xjdr Qbpjr 44 M8>= HK Xjdr `c Ojct Bestrugjet 44
]wbtmf Ydejo ]pjdkjr
M846 HK Xjdr `c @vjrnrbvj 44 M8>> HK Xjdr `c Y`wjr @utojt 44
]wbtmf M8>: HK Mjetjr, ^`p `c 44
M842 AR Xjdr `c Xdnb` 44 Bestrugjet Ydejo
M889 HK Xjdr `c Xdnb` 44 M8>3 HO Ojct ]bnj `c FSDM E/]
M884 HK Xjdr `c Xdnb` 44 F`usbea
M8>1 XN Dh`vj Ao`vj H`x 44
M888 HK Xjdr `c Bestrugjet 44
Moustjr M8>6 HK @e ]tjjrbea M`ouge E/]
M88= HK Xjdr `c Fjdnodgp 44 M8>2 HK O`wjr Ojct `c 44
]wbtmf Bestrugjet Ydejo
M88> RO Hjfben Ydssjeajr 44 M8:9 ED^ Xbaft ]bnj `c FSDM E/]
Dbrhda M8:4 HK Xbaft ]bnj `c FSDM E/]
M88: HK @e ]tjjrbea M`ouge 4> M8:8 HK Ojct ]bnj `c FSDM E/]
M883 AR @e ]tjjrbea M`ouge, 4> M8:= RO ^`p `c FSDM E/]
Ejdr Baebtb`e ]wbtmf M8:> HK Xbaft ]bnj `c FSDM E/]
M881 HK Ojct M`urtjsy Odgp 44 M8:3 HK @e FSDM E/]
M886 HK @e ]tjjrbea M`ouge 4> M=99 RO O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
M8=9 ED^ @e ]tjjrbea M`ouge 4> Bestrugjet Ydejo
M8=4 Q^ Xbaft Jen @c E/] M=94 ED^ O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
Bestrugjet Ydejo Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be
M8=8 AR ^`p `c Hrdkj Yjndo Drg 4= M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt
M8== HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4= M=98 HO/   O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be Q^ Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be
M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt
M8=> @X O`wjr Ojct `c 4= M=9= RO O`wjr Ojct `c 4=, 4>
Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be Bestrugjet Ydejo
M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt M=9> AR O`wjr Ojct `c E/]
M8=: HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4= Bestrugjet Ydejo
Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be M=9: HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be
M8=3 Q^ O`wjr Ojct `c 4= M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt
Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be M=93 HK Ejdr H`tt`g `c Nrbvjr‒s 43
M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt ]jdt Hjot Modsp
M8=1 HK ]tjjrbea M`ouge, @e E/] M=91 HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4=
]fbct Mdhoj Bestrugjet Ydejo, Be
M8=6 HK ^`p Xbaft `c Bestrugjet 44 M`eejmt`r Hrdmkjt
Ydejo M=96 HK Hjo`w Mjetjr Co``r 43
M8=2 HK Dt Luemtb`e Ho`mk E/] M`es`oj,
M`es` oj, Ejdr Ydrk
Hrdkj

6Q - 29 - > 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


M=92 AR Be Ojct Xjdr N``r 42 M==: HK Xjdr `c Xbaft Cr`et 43
M=49 AR ^`p Ojct M`rejr `c 4= ]jdt
Ndsf Ydejo, Hjfben M==3 HK ^`p `c Xbaft D-Yboodr 4:
Bestrugjet Ydejo M==1 HK Hjfben Xjdr Sbjw 4:
M=44 HK Hjo`w Xbaft Xjdr 43 Gbrr`r
Ydssjeajr ]jdt M==6 HK ^`p `c Ojct D-Yboodr 4:
M=48 RO Hjo`w Mjetjr Co``r 43 M==2 XN Mjetjr `c Fjdnobejr, 4:
M`es`oj, Ejdr Ydrk Dh`vj Xjdr Sbjw Gbrr`r
Hrdkj
M=>9 Q^ Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
M=4= XN Hjo`w Xbaft Xjdr 43
M=>4 ED^ Hjfben N`gj Odgp 4:
Ydssjeajr ]jdt
M=>8 HK Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
M=4> HK Hjo`w Xbaft Xjdr 43
Ydssjeajr ]jdt M=>= HK Be Ojct H   Yboodr
    42
M=4: HK Ejdr Cujo ^dek 43 M=>> HK Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
M=43 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr 41 M=>: HK   
Be Xbaft H   Yboodr 42
Ydejo, Ejdr H`tt`g `c M=>3 HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
Obctadtj @pjebea
M=>1 HK Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
M=41 ED^ Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
M=>6 HK Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
Ho`mk M=>2 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89
M=46 HK Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48 M=:9 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89
Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e M=:4 AR Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
Ho`mk M=:8 HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
M=42 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo E/] M=:= HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
M=89 AR Xbaft Xjdr Tudrtjr 43 M=:> HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
Ydejo, Ejdr Obctadtj
@pjebea M=:: HK Hjfben Xbaft Kbmk 48
Ydejo, Dt Luemtb`e
M=84 HK BBe
e Obctadtj 84 Ho`mk
M=88 AE Be Obctadtj 84 M=:3 HK Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46
M=8= AR Be Obctadtj 84 M=:1 HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
M=8> HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84 M=:6 HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46
M=8: AE Be Obctadtj 84 M=:2 HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
M=83 AR Be Obctadtj 84 M=39 HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
M=81 HK Xjdr `c Mdra` Odgp 41 M=34 ED^ Be Obctadtj 84
M=86 AR Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr 41 M=38 HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
Ydejo, Ejdr H`tt`g `c
M=3= HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
Obctadtj @pjebea
M=3> HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
M=82 HK Hjo`w Ojct Xjdr 41
Ydssjeajr ]jdt M=3: HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84

M==9 AR Be Xbaft Xjdr N``r 42 M=33 HK BBe


e Obctadtj 84
M==4 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89 M=31 HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
M==8 Q^ Hjo`w Xbaft Xjdr 43 M=36 HK Be Obctadtj
Be 84
Ydssjeajr ]jdt M=32 HK @e ^rdbojr Fbtmf 89
M=== Q^ Hjo`w Xbaft Xjdr 43 M=19 ED^ Mjetjr `c Fjdnobejr, 4:
Ydssjeajr ]jdt Dh`vj Xjdr Sbjw Gbrr`r
M==> HK Be Ojct Cr`et N``r 46 M=14 HK Ejdr ^`p `c Xbaft 4:
H-Yboodr

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - :


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


M=18 HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89 M>== HK Dt Odgp E/]
M=1= HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89 M>=> HK Xjdr `c ]uer``c E/]
M=1> HK Be Xbaft Xjdr N``r 42 M>=: XN Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
M=1: HK Be Xbaft Xjdr N``r 42 ]jdt
M=13 HO Be Xbaft Xjdr N``r 42 M>=3 XN Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
]jdt
M=11 HK Be Xbaft Xjdr N``r 42
M>=1 HK Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
M=16 HK Be Ojct Xjdr N``r 42
]jdt
M=12 HK Be Ojct Xjdr N``r 42
M>=6 Q^ Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
M=69 HO Be Ojct Xjdr N``r 42 ]jdt
M=64 HK Be Ojct Xjdr N``r 42 M>=2 AR Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
M=68 Q^ Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r 46 ]jdt
M=6= HK O`wjr Ojct `c 4= M>>9 AE Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
Bestrugjet Ydejo ]jdt
M=6> HK Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 89 M>>4 HK Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
]jdt
M=6: HK Ojct ]bnj `c Mjetjr 43
Co``r M`es`oj M>>8 HK Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
]jdt
M=63 HK Be Nrbvjr‒s N``r E/]
M>>= HK Be Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M=61 HK Be Nrbvjr‒s N``r E/]
M>>> HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M=66 HK Be Nrbvjr‒s N``r E/]
M>>: HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>99 ED^ Dt Odgp E/]
M>>3 HK Dt Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>94 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>>1 @X Dt Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>98 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>>6 XN Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>9= HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>>2 HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>9: ED^ Dt Odgp E/]
M>:9 XN Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>93 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>:4 HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>91 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>:8 HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>96 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>:= AE Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>92 ED^ Be Obctadtj, Hjfben 8=
Obmjesj
Obmjes j Yodtj Odgps M>:> HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>49 ED^ Be Obctadtj, Hjfben 8= M>:: HK Be Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
Obmjesj
Obmjes j Yodtj Odgps M>:3 HK Be Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>48 AE @e Ydssjeajr‒s Cr`et E/] M>:1 HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
]jdt
M>:6 HK Be Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
M>4= HK Zenjr Ydssjeajr‒s E/]
M>:2 HK Zenjr Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt E/]
Cr`et ]jdt
A499 Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8
M>41 HK @e Zenjrsbnj `c F``n 88
]fbjon

M>8> Q^ Dt Odgp E/] A494 Xbaft ]bnj `c Jeabej 3


M>8: AR Dt Odgp E/] Ho`mk (>.9O Jeabej)
M>83 HK Dt Odgp E/] A494 Hjo`w Ajejrdt`r (:.8O 6
M>81 Q^ Dt Odgp E/] Jeabej)
M>86 AR Dt Odgp E/]
M>82 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>=4 HK Dt Odgp E/]
M>=8 HK Dt Odgp E/]

6Q - 29 - 3 6 Q - 2 9 M@EE JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba. M`ee # M`o`r O`mdtb`e Cba.


A49= Xbaft ]bnj `c Jeabej 3 A496 Cr`et `c Ojct Cjenjr =
Ho`mk (>.9O Jeabej
Jeabej)) ]bnj ]fbjon
A49= Hjo`w Ajejrdt`r (:.8O 6 A492 Cr`et `c Ojct Cjenjr =
Jeabej) ]bnj ]fbjon
A49> Xbaft ]bnj `c Jeabej 6 A=99 Xbaft Xjdr Tudrtjr 43
Ho`mk (>.9O Jeabej
Jeabej)) Ydejo
A49> Hjo`w Ajejrdt`r (:.8O 6 A=94 Xjdr `c Ydssjeajr‒s 43
Jeabej) ]jdt
A49: Xbaft Xjdr `c Jeabej : A=98 @e Co``r Yde, Xjdr `c 41
(>.9O Jeabej) Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt
A49: Hjo`w D/M M`gprjss`r 2 A=9= @e Co``r Yde, Xjdr `c 41
(:.8O Jeabej) Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt
A493 Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8 A=9> @e Co``r Yde, Xjdr `c 41
]fbjon Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt
A491 Xbaft Cjenjr ]bnj 8 A=9: @e Co``r Yde, Xjdr `c 41
]fbjon Nrbvjr‒s ]jdt
 

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 1


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   a
   e
    b
    t
    f
   a
    b
    O
    n
   e
    J
    t
   e
   `
   r
    C
    4
 .
    b
   a
    C
 

6Q - 29 - 6 6 Q - 2 9 M@EE JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    c
   j
    O
  „
    t
   e
   j
   g
    t
   r
   d
   p
   g
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    8
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 2


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    f
   a
    b
    X
  „
    t
   e
   j
   g
    t
   r
   d
   p
   g
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    =
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 49 6 Q - 2 9 M@E EJM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
    t
   e
   j
   g
    t
   r
   d
   p
   g
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    >
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 44


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    9
 .
    >
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    :
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 48 6 Q - 2 9 M@E EJM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    9
 .
    >
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   g
   j
    t
   s
   y
    ]
   a
   e
    b
   a
   r
   d
    f
    M
    3
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 4=


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    9
 .
    >
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   e
   `
    b
   s
   s
    b
   g
   s
   e
d
   
   r
    ^
    1
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 4> 6 Q - 2 9 M@E EJM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    8
 .
    :
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    6
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 4:


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    8
 .
    :
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    2
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 43 6 Q - 2 9 M@E EJM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

    O
    8
 .
    :
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   e
   `
    b
   s
   s
    b
   g
   s
   e
   d
   r
    ^
    9
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 41


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
    o
   j
   e
   d
    Y
    t
   e
   j
   g
   u
   r
    t
   s
    B
   e
    4
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 46 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
    t
    b
   e
    Z
    M
    D
    S
    F
    n
   e
   d
    k
   m
   `
    o
    H
   e
   `
    b
    t
   
   e
   u
    L
    8
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 42


4223 Arden Mfjr`kjj
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn) Yuhobmdtb`e E`.
E`. 64-=19-34>1
^]H 83-98-23
83-98-23 Cjhru
Cjhrudry
dry,, 4223
4223

   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    c
   j
    O
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
    o
   j
   e
   d
    Y
    t
   e
   j
   g
   u
   r
    t
   s
   e
    B
    =
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 89 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   e
   g
   u
    o
   `
    M
   a
   e
    b
   r
   j
   j
    t
    ]
    >
    
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 84


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
    c
   `
   `
    X
    :
    4
    b
   a
 .
    C
 

6Q - 29 - 88 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    f
   a
    b
    X
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   y
    n
    H
   `
    3
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 8=


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    c
   j
    O
  „
   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   y
    n
    H
   `
    1
    
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 8> 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   r
   `
   `
    N
    t
   e
   `
   r
    C
    6
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 8:


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   r
   `
   `
    N
   r
   d
   j
    X
    2
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 83 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   w
   `
    ^
   r
   j
    o
    b
   d
   r
    ^
   y
   r
   `
    t
   m
   d
    C
    9
    8
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 29 - 81


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   r
   `
    t
   m
   j
   e
   e
   `
    M
   j
    t
   d
   a
    t
    c
    b
    O
    4
    8
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 29 - 86 6 Q - 2 9 M@E E JM^@X O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

Cba. 88 Zenjrf``n Odgp 


Cba. 8= Obmjesj Yodtj Odgps 

\L   6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - 4
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

6Q-2: ]YOBMJ O@MD^B@E]

NBDAE@]B] DEN ^J]^BEA ]MFJGD^BM] DEN NBDAXDG]

BE^X@NZM^B@E ]YOBMJ O@MD^B@E]


^fbs sjm
sjmtb`e
tb`e pr` pr`vbnj
vbnjss boous
booustrd
trd tb`es bnjetbcyb
bnjetbcybea ea tfj C `r
`r s po
po bm
bmj s t f d t d r j e `t
`t s f `w
`w e b e t f j c ba
ba u rj
rjs b e
ajejrdo o`mdtb`e `c tfj spobmjs be tfbs vjfbmoj. D spobmj tfbs sjm
sjmtb`e
tb`e d E/] bs podmjn be tfj Cba. m`ouge m`ouge
b e nj x b s p r ` v b nj n. Z s j t f j w b r b e a nb d a r d g s b e j d m f
sjmtb`e c`r spobmj eughjr bnjetbcbmdtb`e. Xjcjr t` tfj
benjx c`r pr`pjr spobmj eughjr.

]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba. ]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba.


Eughjr Eughjr

]499 Ejdr Y`wjr Nbstrbhutb`e Mjetjr 4 ]48> Ejdr Sjfbm


bmoj
oj ]pjjn M`etr`o 4
]494 Ejd
Ejdr Hdttjry ^jgpjrdturj 4 ]jrv` ^/@
]jes`r ^/@ ]48: Ejdr M`etr`oo
ooj
jr, Detbo`mk Hrdkjs :
]498 Ejdr Hdttjry ^jgpjrdturj
Ejd 4 ]483 Ejdr D/M Fbaf Yrjssurj ]wbtmf 4
]jes`r ^/@ ^/@ (>.9O Jeabej)
Jeabej)
]49= Ejdr Hdttjry ^jgpjrdturj
Ejd 4 ]483 Be Hrdemf t` ]tdrtjr G`t`r (:.8O =
]jes`r ^/@ Jeabej)
]49> Xbaft Cr`et M`rejr `c Jeabej
Xba 4 ]481 Ejdr Beljmt`r E`. = ^/@ (>.9O 8
M`gpdrtgjet Jeabej)
]49: Xbaft Cr`et M`rejr `c Jeabej
Xba 4 ]486 Ejdr Beljmt`r E`. : ^/@ (>.9O 8
M`gpdrtgjet Jeabej)
]493 Xbaft Cr`et M`rejr `c Jeabej
Xba 4 ]486 Ejdr ^/@s c`r Beljmt`rs 3 den 6 =
M`gpdrtgjet (:.8O Jeabej)
]491 Ojct Cr`et M`rejr `c Jeabej 4 ]482 Xjdr `c Jeabej (>.9O Jeabej) 8
M`gpdrtgjet
]482 Ejdr Beljmt`r E`. = ^/@ (:.8O =
]496 Ojct Cr`et M`rejr `c Jeabej 4 Jeabej)
M`gpdrtgjet ]4=9 Xjdr `c Jeabej (>.9O Jeabej) 8
]492 Ejdr JSDY/Yuraj ]`oje`bn ^/@ 4 ]4=9 Ejdr Mrdeksfdct Y`sbt
btbb`e =
]443 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Hrdkj Qdrebea
Ejd 4 ]jes`rr ^/@ (:.8O Jeabej)
]jes` Jeabej)
]wbtmf ]4=4
]4=4 Be Hr
Hrde
demf
mf t` ^rde
desg
sgbs
bssb
sb`e
`e (>
(>..9O 8
]441 Be Hrdemf t` Hrdkj Qdrebea 4 Jeabej)
]wbtmf ]4=4 Xbaft Xjdr `c Jeabej (:.8O =
]446 Be Hrdemf t` Hrdkj Qdrebea 4 Jeabej)
]wbtmf ]4=8 Ejdr Hrdemf t` ^rdesgbssb`e 8
]442 Ojct Xjdr `c Jeabej 4 (>.9O Jeabej)
M`gpdrtgjet ]4=8 Xjdr `c Jeabej (:.8O Jeabej) =
]489 Ejdr ^/@ t` O`w Qdsfjr Coubn 4 ]4== Be Hrdemf t` @bo Yrjssurj 8
Ojvjo ]jes`r ]jes`r den Mrdeksfdct Y`sbtb`e
]484 Ejdr ^/@ t` O`w Qdsfjr Coubn 4 ]jes`r (>.9O Jeabej)
Ojvjo ]jes`r ]4== Ejdr Beljmt`r E`. : ^/@ (:.8O =
]488 Ejdr Sjfbmoj ]pjjn M`etr`o
Ejd 4 Jeabej)
]jrv` ^/@ ]4=> Ejdr Hrdemf t` Y`wjrtrdbe 8
]48= Ejdr Sjfbmoj ]pjjn M`etr`o
Ejd 4 M`etr`o G`nuoj (>.9O Jeabej)
]jrv` ^/@ ]4=> Xjdr `c Jeabej (:.8O Jeabej) =

6Q - 2: - 8 6 Q - 2 : ] YOB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba. ]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba.


Eughjr Eughjr
]4=: Ejdr Hrdemf t` YMG (>.9O 8 ]=9= Ejdr Hrdemf t` Co``r M`es`oj 1
Jeabej) ]=9> Ejdr Hrdemf t` Co``r M`es`oj 1
]4=: Xbaft Xjdr `c Jeabej (:.8O = ]=9: Ejdr Hrdemf t` Ojct Xjdr N``r 1
Jeabej)
]=93 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Ojct Xjdr N``r 1
]4=3 Ejdr Beljmt`r E`. 1 ^/@ (:.8O
Ejd =
]=91 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Ojct Xjdr N``r 1
Jeabej)
]=96 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1
]899 Ejdr Fjdnodgp ]wbtmf ^/@ >
]=92 Be Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1
]894 Ejdr Fjdnodgp ]wbtmf ^/@ >
]=49 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1
]898 Ejdr ]t`p Odgp ]wbtmf ^/@ >
]=44 Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 1
]89= Ejdr ]t`p Odgp ]wbtmf ^/@ >
]=48 Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 1
]89> Ejdr Hrdemf t` Bestrugjet
Ejd >
Moustjr ]=4= Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 1

]89: Ejdr Hrdemf t` Bestrugjet


Ejd > ]=4> ^`p `c Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 1
Moustjr ]=4: ^`p `c Ojct Xjdr Tudrtjr Ydejo 1
]893 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Xjdr Qben`w > ]=43 Ejdr Xbaft ]bnj ^/@ c`r Obctadtj 6
Njc`aajr ]wbtmf
]=41 Be Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1
]891 Ejdr ]fbct Betjro`mk ^/@ >
]=46 Be Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1
]896 Ejdr Hrdemf t` ]fbc
Ejd bctt Betjro`
o`m
mk >
]=42 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Xbaft Xjdr 6
^/@
N``r Dldr ]wbtmf
]892 Ejdr Hrdemf t` ]fbc
Ejd bctt Betjro`
o`m
mk >
]=89 Be Hrdemf t` N`gj/Xjdnbea 2
^/@
Odgp
]849
]849 Ejdr ^rd
Ejdr rde
esc
scjr
jr Md
Mdsj
sj Boo
ooug
ugbe
bedt
dtb`
b`e
e >
]=84 Hjtwjje Ndy/Ebaft Gbrr`r ^/@ 2
Odgp ^/@
den Xbaft Sdebty Gbrr`r ^/@
]844 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Ardpfbm Nb
Ejd Nbs
spody >
]=88 Hjtwjje Ndy/Ebaft Gbrr`r ^/@ 2
G`nuoj/Sjfbmoj Bec`rgdtb`e
den Xbaft Sdebty Gbrr`r ^/@
Mjetjr ]=8= Ejdr Ndy/Ebaft Gbrr`r ^/@ 2
]848 Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ >
]=8> Be Ojct Cr`et N``r, Hjtwj
wjj
je 49
]84> Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ >
Y`wjr Qben`w G`t`r ^/@ den
]84: Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ > Y`wjr Gbrr`r ^/@
]843 Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ > ]=8: Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r, Ejdr 49
]846 Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ > Y`wjr Qben`w G`t`r ^/@
]842 Ejdr Hrdemf t` Ardpfbm Nb
Ejd Nbs
spody > ]=83 Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r, Ejdr 49
G`nuoj/Sjfbmoj Bec`rgdtb`e Y`wjr Qben`w G`t`r ^/@
Mjetjr ]=81 Be Xbaft Cr`et N``r, Ejdr 49
]889 Ejdr Ydssjeajr Dbrhda ^/@ > Y`wjr Qben`w G`t`r ^/@
]884 @e FSDM Fdrejss 3 ]=86 Be Obc
bcttadtj, Ejdr Xjdr Qben`w 44
Njc`aajr ^/@
]888 @e FSDM Fdrejss 3
]88= @e FSDM Fdrejss 3 ]=82 BG`t`r
e Obc
bctta^/@
dtj, Ejdr Xjdr Qbpjr 44
]88> @e FSDM Fdrejss 3
]==9
]==9 Be Cd
Cdmt
mt`r
`ry
y ^rd
rdbo
bojr
jr ^`w Fd
Fdrrej
ejss
ss,, 1
]88: @e FSDM Fdrejss 3 Ejdr H`ny Fdrejss M`eejmt`r
]883 @e FSDM Fdrejss 3 ]==4
]==4 Be Cd
Cdmt
mt`r
`ry
y ^rd
rdbo
bojr
jr ^`w Fd
Fdrrej
ejss
ss,, 1
]=99 Ejdr Ojct Kbmk Ydejo : Ejdr ^rdbojr Xjmjptdmoj
]=94 Ejdr Ojct Kbmk Ydejo : Fdrejss M`eejmt`r
]=98 Ejdr Ojct Kbmk Ydejo : ]==8 Be Obc
bcttadtj, Ejdr Ojct H`ny 44
M`eejmt`rs

\L   6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - =
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba. ]pobmj O`mdtb`e Cba.


Eughjr Eughjr
]=== Ejdr ^/@ t` Xbaft Y`wjr ]jdt 6 ]>92 Ejdr Ojct Cr`et ^ure ]b
]ba
aedo E/]
]==> Be Hrdemf t` N`gj Xjdnbea 2 Huoh ]`mkjt
Odgp ]>49 Ejdr Ojct Cr`et Ydrk Odgp Huoh E/]
]==: Be Hrdemf t` Y`wjr Dgpobcbjr 1 ]`mkjt
]==3 Be Obctadtj, Hjtwjje Xjdr Qbp
bpj
jr 44 ]>44 Be Ojct ^dbo Odgp Fdrejss, E/]
G`t`r ^/@ den Obctadtj O`mk Hjtwjje H`ny M`eejmt`r den
G`t`r ^/@ Ar`ggjt
]>99 Be Ojct Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/] ]>48 Be Ojct ^dbo Odgp Fdrejss, E/]
Ejdr Oughdr G`t`r ^/@ Hjtwjje H`ny M`eejmt`r den
Ar`ggjt
]>94 Be Ojct Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/]
Ejdr Xbsjr G`t`r ]jes`r ^/@ ]>4= Ejdr Xbaft Cr`et ^ure ]b
]ba
aedo E/]
Huoh ]`mkjt
]>98 Be Ojct Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/]
Hjtwjje Xbsjr G`t`r ]jes`r ]>4> Ejdr Xbaft Cr`et ^ure ]b
]ba
aedo E/]
^/@ den Fjdtjn ]jdt G`nuoj Huoh ]`mkjt
^/@ ]>4: Ejdr Xbaft Cr`et Ydrk Odgp E/]
]>9= Be Ojct Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/] Huoh ]`mkjt
Ejdr ]jdt ]wbtmf ^/@ ]>43 Be Xbaft ^dbo Odgp Fdrejss, E/]
]>9> Be Xba
baf
ft Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/] Hjtwjje H`ny M`eejmt`r den
Ejdr ]jdt G`t`r ^/@s Ar`ggjt
]>9: Be Xba
baf
ft Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/] ]>41 Be Xbaft ^dbo Odgp Fdrejss, E/]
Ejdr ]jdt G`t`r ^/@s Hjtwjje H`ny M`eejmt`r den
Ar`ggjt
]>93 Be Xba
baf
ft Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/]
Be Hrdemf t` ]jdt ]wbtmf ]>46 Be Obmjesj Yodtj Odgp Fdrejss 44
]>91 Be Ojct Y`wjr ]jdt Fdrejss, E/] ]>42 Be Obmjesj Yodtj Odgp Fdrejss 44
Ejdr Oughdr G`t`r ^/@ .
]>96 Ejdr Ojct Cr`et ^ure ]ba
Ejd bae
edo E/]
Huoh ]`mkj
]`mkjtt
 

6Q - 2: - > 6 Q - 2 : ] YOB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L


]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
    t
   e
   j
   g
    t
   r
   d
   p
   g
   `
    M
   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    4
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - :
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    9
 .
    >
  „
   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
   a
   e
    b
   r
    b
    Q
    b
   j
   e
   a
   e
    J
    8
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 2: - 3 6 Q - 2 : ] YOB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   j
   e
    b
   a
   e
    J
    O
    8
 .
    :
  „
   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
   a
   e
    b
   r
    b
    Q
    b
   j
   e
   a
   e
    J
    =
 .
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - 1
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
    o
   j
   e
   d
    Y
    t
   e
   j
   g
   u
   r
    t
   s
    B
   e
    >
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 2: - 6 6 Q - 2 : ] YOB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

Cba. : H`ny ]pobmjs 


Cba. 3 FSDM Fdrejss ]pobmjs 

\L   6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - 2
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
   a
   e
    b
   r
    b
    Q
   j
    n
    b
    ]
   y
    n
   `
    H
    t
    c
   j
    O
    1
 .
   a
    b
    C

6Q - 2: - 49 6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
   a
   e
    b
   r
    b
    Q
   y
    n
   `
    H
   j
    n
    b
    ]
    t
    f
   a
    b
    X
    6
 ,
   a
    b
    C

\L   6 Q - 2 : ] YOB MJ O@MD^B @E ] 6Q - 2: - 44
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

Cba. 2 X``c Qbrbea ]pobmjs 


Cba. 49 Cr`et N``r Fdrejss ]pobmjs 

6Q - 2: - 48 6 Q - 2 : ]Y OB MJ O@MD^B @E ]   \L
]MFJGD
]MFJGD^BM]
^BM] DEN NBDAX
NBDAXDG]
DG] (M`et
(M`etbeujn)
beujn)

   s
   j
   m
    b
    o
   p
    ]
   j
    t
   d
   a
    t
    c
    b
    O
    4
    4
 .
    b
   a

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