Substrate-level phosphorylation refers to a set of chemical events that take place in human cells

during glycolysis, the process of converting glucose into two high-energy molecules known as
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is achieved by transferring a phosphate group from each of
two phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) molecules to generate ADP, which is subsequently converted
into ATP. However, photophosphorylation uses the sun to access energy stored in ATP, whereas
oxidative phosphorylation uses the oxidation of organic substances to obtain energy stored in
ATP. Reduced coenzymes are produced by photophosphorylation, whereas reduced coenzymes
are oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation.Therefore, the major distinction between substrate
level and oxidative phosphorylation is that substrate level phosphorylation is the direct
phosphorylation of ADP with a phosphate group utilizing energy derived from a linked reaction,
whereas oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from oxidized ADP.