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Rfid Based Students Attendance Management System1
Rfid Based Students Attendance Management System1
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Abstract In recent years, there have been rise in the number of applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems
and have been successfully applied to different areas as diverse as transportation, health-care, agriculture, and hospitality industry to
name a few. RFID technology facilitates automatic wireless identification using electronic passive and active tags with suitable readers. In
this paper, an attempt is made to solve recurrent lecture attendance monitoring problem in developing countries using RFID technology.
The application of RFID to student attendance monitoring as developed and deployed in this study is capable of eliminating time wasted
during manual collection of attendance and an opportunity for the educational administrators to capture face-to-face classroom statistics
for allocation of appropriate attendance scores and for further managerial decisions.
INTRODUCTION
T
he emergence of electronic paradigm for a more efficient and effective method of solving this
learning compared to traditional method problem. A technology that can solve this problem
and availability of almost all information on and even do more is the RFID technology. RFID is
the information superhighway(Internet), nowadays an automated identification and data collection
have caused students to be less motivated to come technology, that ensures more accurate and timely
to the lecture rooms than ever before. Laziness on data entry. RFID is not actually a new technology; it
the part of students, nonchalance to school work, only quickly gained more attention recently because
extra social activities that have no importance in of its current low cost and advances in other
aiding the objectives of the institution and a lot computing fields that open up more application
more, may prevent students from attending areas. RFID combines radio frequency and
lectures. Sequel to these, lecturers and microchip technologies to create a smart system that
administrators in most developing countries have can be used to identify, monitor, secure and do
had to come up with ways to ensure a healthy object inventory. At their simplest, RFID systems
participation from students, and make sure that the use tiny chips called ―tags that contain and
student-lecturer interactive relationship is kept transmit some piece of identifying information to an
intact. This in some cases have come in simple RFID reader, a device that in turn can interface with
forms like roll calls, while in more interesting cases, computers [7]. The ability of RFID systems to
can be formats like surprise quizzes, extra credit in deliver precise and accurate data about tagged
class, etc. These strategies are however time items will improve efficiency and bring other
consuming, stressful and laborious because the benefits to business community and consumers
valuable lecture time that could otherwise been alike in the not distant future [11]. In this paper, we
used for lectures is dedicated to student attendance present an intelligent RFID based lecture attendance
taking [8] and sometimes not accurate. access control and management system tailored
around Nigerian Universities’ Commission (NUC)
In addition to all these challenges, the attendances policy of ensuring a 70% course attendance by
are recorded manually by the tutor and therefore students for a course before likelihood of writing a
are prone to personal errors. There arises a need for semester examination for any course. The
application of RFID Technology to student course
Arulogun is currently in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria,
attendance monitoring problem especially in
E-mail: 1otarulogun@lautech.edu.ng developing countries in our proposition will lead to
Olatunbosun and Fakolujo are currently in the Electrical and Electronic elimination or reduction of the quality time wasted
Engineering Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria,.
Olaniyi is currently in the Department of Computer Engineering, Federal during manual collection of attendance, creation of
University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. E-mail: a student database management system that is not
3mikail.olaniyi@futminna.edu.ng
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prone to errors or being manipulated by anyone scores in the final grading of student performance
and above all aids in better management of in a particular course.
classroom statistics for allocation of attendance
The TR-R01-OEM reader board performs all the tag passes within range of the reader antenna, the
functions necessary for the RFID reading station. It RF magnetic field generated by the reader powers
continuously reads and decodes transponders that the tag. The data is then sent as a packet using a two
are within its reading range. When a transponder wire RS232 (or TTL) interface. While the tag
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remains within reading range, it will be reference signal and is connected to the common
continuously powered and the reader will ground of the computer via the DB9 to USB
continuously transmit its data. The reader has two interface cable. The DC power jack is used to power
connectors: A female DB9, and a 2.1mm DC Jack the reader. The centre pin of the jack is connected to
shown in Fig. 3. The female DB9 provides the RS232 the positive side of a 9-12V DC power supply. The
serial output from the reader. Pin 2 is the transmit outer conductor is connected to the negative side of
signal output (TXD). It is connected to receive the power supply (9V DC battery).
(RXD) signal input of the computer via the DB9 to
USB interface cable. Pin 5 is the common ground
A single antenna is required for powering and b. Connecting the USB end of the serial cable
reading the passive transponders (tags). The to one of the USB ports of the computer
antenna is used in series resonant circuit, formed by system being used.
capacitor, inductor and resistor. The antenna is a c. Connecting the 9V dc battery to the
square antenna 9cm X 9cm with 83 turns, Adapter and then the adapter to the RFID
inductance of 1.58mH with 10 ohm resistance. The reader’s power jack.
reading range is spherical with the antenna located d. Determination of the appropriate COM
at the equator. Minimum and maximum read range port of the computer used, and ensure that
is determined by the surface area of the tag. The it corresponds to the one used within the
system was set up as shown in figure 4.0 with the programming code written to control the
following steps: system
a. Connecting the Male head of the RS232
serial cable to the Female DB9 port of the
RFID reader.
e. .
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Fig. 5. Flowchart showing the mode of operation of the student attendance RFID system.
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A careful observation of the trend of usage of RFID take a snap of the person using the card. Webcam
tags leads one to consider the possibility of its reduces proxy attendance attempts. This is used to
utilization for monitoring the attendance of cross-verify in the event of an undesirable event or
students in educational institutions, with the aid of dispute. Consequently, the attendance data then can
program driven computers. While every student be used to create many types of reports like daily
given a specific RFID tag attends the lecture attendance details, monthly, weekly and real time
through entrance door, a serial number (related to feedback to parents. The attendance score
each student’s matriculation number) of tag is calculation can be automated using the collected
associated with the student database entry. So every data. After setting up the student attendance RFID
time a student uses his/her card, the entries will be system from the mode of operation depicted in the
entered into the database with the time stamp. The diagram shown in figure 6.0:
use of webcam might be optionally necessary to
The tag is activated when it passes through a radio the beginning and end of classroom lecture with
frequency (RF) field (125 kHz in this case), which is additional time delay for end of class activation to
generated by the antenna embedded within the allow every student to record exit time on the
reader box. The program checks whether the tag is reader. The lecturer/instructor can call for
valid or not. If the tag is valid, it will continue to the information over any student by using queries
database program and registers the student’s provided by the application. More flexibility and
attendance for the course. If the tag is invalid, the unconscious interaction of students to the
program gives a notification that the tag has not developed system can be achieved by using active
been registered to any student and requires the user tags. This will increase the overall cost of the
to either supply a valid tag. system.
Due to the reason of cost and flexibility of At the end of the semester, the lecturer can grade
implementation, this RFID attendance design students attendance scores in a particular course
application uses a passive tag and thus for every based on some specific metrics provided in the
class, students would have to bring their tags close application. The selected metrics could be frequency
to the reader (about 10 cm from the reader). On of presence in class, duration of stay in class,
doing this, the reader reads the tag and the punctuality, etc. The program gives the following
application program records the student’s arrival output: student name, Matriculation number, tag ID
time and when leaving the class, students will also number, department, the course in question and the
have to bring their tags close to the reader again. attendance status based on the specified metrics. A
With records of arrival and exit time, appropriate privileged user can de-assign students from their
short message service is forwarded to the parents’ specific tag, and reassign the tag to other students if
mobile phone number in real time or as a weekly need be as shown in the Graphical User Interfaces
sms/email digest through the SMS/EMAIL (GUI’s) of the RFID system application control
gateway as shown in Figure 1.0. Each course program shown in Fig. 7.0-11.0
lecturer has RFID tag that serves as the control for
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Fig. 10. Individual attendace mark Fig. 11. Attendance enability time
CONCLUSION
As the RFID technology evolves, more sophisticated over the RFID reader which are located at the
applications will use the capability of RFID to entrance of lecture halls with a considerable degree
receive, store and forward data to a remote sink of success and acceptability of usage in our faculty.
source. RFID has many applications as can be We hope that this system can shift the paradigm of
imagined. In this paper, we have utilized the students’ lecture attendance monitoring in face-face
versatility of RFID in implementing functional and classroom and provide a new, accurate, and less
automatic student course attendance recording cumbersome way of taking student attendance in
system that allows students to simply fill their Nigerian Higher Institutions.
attendance just by swiping or moving their ID cards
RECOMMENDATIONS
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February-2013 9
ISSN 2229-5518
Every good engineering design innovation has [9] Liu C.M and Chen L.S (2009), "Applications of RFID
technology for improving production efficiency in an
limitations. This passive RFID based lecture
Integrated-circuit packaging house," International
attendance monitoring system is not without Journal of Production Research, vol 47, no. 8, pp. 2203-
limitation as a data collection technology with 2216,.
accurate and timely data entry. Hence, the [10] RFIDSensNet Lab (2005), A white paper on Automatic
limitation of this design would be improved upon Attendance System. Texas A & M University, Texas,
in future by considering the following salient USA.
References
[1] Chitresh, S and Amit K (2010),”An efficient Automatic
Attendance Using Fingerprint Verification Technique
”,International Journal on Computer Science and
Engineering (IJCSE),Vol. 2 No. 2,pp 264-269.
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