Favour Mathematics Course FURR ARE HKDSE Mathematics (F.5) Permutation & Combination Name: Date: Content: (3 lessons) Notes Exercises — —<—<——_! Summary A. The counting principle The counting principle: Pages 1-3 Ex 14, 1B B. Factorial Factorial: Page 3 Ex 24, 2B C. Permutation Permutation: Pages 4-8 i Ex 34, 3B, 3C D. Combination Combination: Pages 9-13 Ex 44, 4B, 4C E. Further examples Miscellaneous exercises: Pages 14-18 Ex 54, 5B, 5C, 3D Materials prepared by Favour Education Centre (RAH 2011)PURER Permutation and Combination (FSM) Summary 1. The multiplication rule of counting ‘Suppose a task involves two independent procedures. The first procedure can be done in m different possible ways, while the second procedure can be done in m different possible ways. Then the no. of ways to complete the task= _mxn_. mthway nihway Procedure 4 Procedure 2 2. Factorial @) nt=n(a-1)(2-2)--3-2-1 ol=1 (b) The no. of ways to arrange m objects in a particular order (2) n(m—1)(n—2)-3-2-1 Stel 3. Permutation (a) Suppose we need to take r objects from m objects. ‘The no. of ways to arrange these r objects in a particular order =ax(n-1)x(n=2) xx (ntl) = PP nt (b) Definition of B" =nx(n-1)x(n-2)x--x(n-r el) = (=n! 4. Combination (a) The no. of ways to select r objects from m objects n(a-(n=2)-(a-r+1) PP b) Definition of C” (>) Definition of an - © Notes ~~OREN Permutation and Combination (FSM) A, Counting Example AL (a) Restaurant A offers 4 different dinner sets while restaurant B offers 6. If John is going to have a dinner set either in A or B, how many choices does he have? (b)_ In how many ways can a number be chosen from 1 to 50 such that itis either a prime number ora muhiple of 6? (c) In how many ways can a number be chosen from 1 to 50 such that it is either a multiple of 3 or : ways can a card be drawn from a deck of 52 playing cards such that a spade or a queen is drawn (e) In how many ways can a card be drawn from a deck of 52 playing cards such that it is black or aheart? @ Example A2 ‘There are 60 students who have joined either the table-tennis club or the basketball club or both. If 35 of them are members of the table-tennis club, while 46 of them are members of the basketball club, how many’ students join both clubs? Given: the no. of objects in Set A (say, the no. of students taking Geography) = n(4) the no. of objects in Set B (say, the no. of students taking History) = n(B) = b. ‘The addition principle of counting: + When A and B are mutually exclusive (none of the objects belong to both sets), then the total no. of objects is: n(A or B)=a+b + When A and B are non-mutually exclusive, and the no. of objects belonging to both sets = n(4 and B) = then the total no. of objects is: n(A or B)=a+b—x [ie n(4) +n(B)- n(4 and B)] Notes ~2~RBS Permutation and Combination (FSM) Example A3 There are four different ways to go from P to Q, and three different ways to go from Q to R. How many ways are there to go from P through Q to R? Example Ad The password of John’s email is composed of five digits. If he forgets the first and the last digit, how many times should he try at most in order to login to his email? (Suppose he can try as many times as he likes.) The multiplication principle of counting: + Suppose a task involves two independent procedures. The first procedure can be done in ny different possible ways, while the second procedure can be done in m2 different possible ways. The no. of ways to complete the task = n; xnz (Por k procedures, and the procedures can be done in mi, 12, nay... ne different possible ‘ways respectively, then the no. of ways to complete the task = 2) x m2 113 Xu. X Mk») Example AS (@) Alady has 8 blouses, 4 skirts, 9 handbags and 5 pairs of shoes. How many different outfits ean she wear? (b) Paul can have either a rice set lunch or a noodle set lunch at a restaurant, The restaurant procides 4 different rice sets and 5 different noodle sets. How many different set lunches can Paul choose from ? Example A6 A two-digit number is formed by using the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. (a) How many two-digit numbers can be formed if the tens digit and units digit of the number are different? (Le. without repetition) (b) How many two-digit numbers can be formed if the tens digit and units digit of the number can be the same? (ie. with repetition) Notes ~3~want Permutation and Combination (F5¥) Example A7 A3-digit number is formed from the digits 0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9. Each digit can be used only once. (a) How many possible numbers can be formed? (b) How many of these are even numbers? (©) How many of these are less than 500? Example AS There are three envelopes marked with A, B, C, and five letters marked with I, 2,3,4,5. Now letters are chosen so that one letter will be put into each of the three envelopes. How many possible outcomes are there? Self-evaluation (Counting): 1. Bag X contains the number cards 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9. Bag Y contains the number cards 0, 2,4, 5 and 7. Ifa number card is draw from each bag, find (@) the total number of possible outcomes; (b) the number of outcomes in which the number drawn from X is greater than that drawn. from Y. 2. Avehicle licence plate is composed of 2 letters followed by 4 digits. (a) How many different plates are possible if there is no restriction in the choice of letters and digit? (0) How many different plates are possible if the letters O and J are excluded? (©) How many different plates are possible if the letters O and J are excluded and at least one of the digits must be 8? Notes ~~SOBER Permutation and Combination (FSM) @ nl=n-(n-1)(m—2)...2+1, where mis a positive integer. (read as n factorial) ¢ Ole1 Example BL Evaluate the following: 10! (a) 3! () 16! © s+4 @ SHI © xt OM | Example B2 Simplify the following: (n=2)! @ 2 wo oe © eel x @-D! (n-2) (n+2)! (a-2)! (a-1)! © Ga Ga! Example B3 Express the following by using factorial notation. (a) 22x23 x24 25x.....x 88 (b) 2x 4x 6x8 x... x 120 (©) 1X3 XS x eX 99 Example B4 In how many ways can we arrange five different letters (A, B, C,D,E)inarow? Express the answer by using factorial notation. A[B[C|DIE] Notes ~S~AREERE Permutation and Combination (F5M) ermutation A permutation is one of the ways in which a number of things can be ordered (or arranged). Number of permutations is the number of ways in which a given number of things can be ordered. Example Cl Evaluate the following expressions without using factorial notation: @ B ) Fe © B-B @) Rix PP Example C2 Rewrite the following by using factorial notation. @ FB &) PF © FF @ Fk 4 Suppose we need to take r objects from m distinct objects. The no, of ways to arrange these r objects in a particular order =nx(n—1)x(n-2)x-x(n—r tl) = PP ¢ The number of permutations of m distinet objects = = n!= PP” Example C3 (@) How many ways are there to rank 7 candidates who attempt a fitness test? (b) Ina game each kid needs to occupy one seat as soon as the music stops. If there are 12 kids playing the game and there are 7 seats in a row, find the number of permutations (©) Ina lucky draw, there are five different prizes and 20 participants. In how many ways can the participants get the prizes if one person receives one prize at most? (@_ From a collection of 10 hottest songs, a list ranking the top 4 must be made. In how many ways can such a list be made? Notes ~6~UBER ‘Permutation and Combination (FSM) Example C4 In how many ways can the letters in the word “FAVOUR” be arranged if (@) 2 different letters are taken at a time, (®) 4 different letters are taken at a time. (©) all the letters in the word are taken at a time, Example CS In how many ways can the letters in the word “COLUMBIA” be arranged if (a) the first three letters remain unchanged; (b) the first letter is a vowel; (©) the first letter is a consonant and the last letter is a vowel. (@ both of the first letter and the last letter are consonant. Example C6 Five digits are chosen from the digits 1 to 9, without repetition, to form a 5-digit number. How many possible numbers can be formed if at least one of the digits is an even number? *Example C7 ‘Maggie has 3 Chinese books and 7 English books, all of which are different. In how many ways can she arrange: (a) 6 of them ona shelf? (b) 3 Chinese books on the left and 7 English books on the right of a shelf? (c) all of them ona shelf with the Chinese books together? Notes ~7~PORE Permutation and Combination (FSH) *Example C8 5 boys and 4 girls are arranged to sit in a row. How many possible arrangements are there if, (2) there is no restriction? (b) a particular boy must sit in the leftmost? (©) the 5 boys are on one side? (@) the boys and girls must alternate? Example C9 How many »-digit numbers, where m <3, can be formed with the digits 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, if: (a) the digits in each number must be different; (b) the digits in each number may be the same. Discussion for enrichment only: (a) How many permutations are there to seat 6 children at a round table? (b) 3 men and 3 women joined a social dinner and sat at a round table. In how many ways can they be seated so that no two women are next to cach other? Notes ~8~SORERZ Permutation and Combination (FSM) Discussion” (i) Consider the four letters 4, B, C, D. If three letters are selected and arranged in a particular order, how many permutations are there? (ii) If the three letters are selected letters without arranging their order, how many combinations are there? + Acombination is one of the ways in which a number of things can be selected from a larger set of things (no need to consider the order of the things selected). + The number of combinations of selecting r distinct objects from m distinct objects n = C. for ,C, ( ) r + Ga n Example D1: Evaluate the value of the following: @ G () ce © cY-c @ cxci © Cy Example D2: Show that @ G. (b+) Cy +Cr © ah =(r+1)- Ch Notes ~~FRLERE Permutation and Combination (F5M) Example D3 (a) Without using the calculator, find the number of possible combinations of choosing 50 cards from a deck of 52 playing cards (0) A Mark Six lottery ticket consists of marking 6 different numbers ranging from 1 to 49. How many different lottery tickets can you mark? Example D4 (a) An orchestra has 16 male members and 25 female members. An administrative committee is to be formed by selecting 3 men and 3 women. How many possible combinations are there? (6) Ateam of 3 management trainees is to be selected from a group of 5 men and 6 women. If there must be at least one woman in the team, calculate the number of possible ways of forming the team. Example D5 In how many ways can a group of 5 printers be selected from 8 impact and 6 non-impact printers if the group must contain (@) exactly 3 non-impact printers? (b) at least 3 non-impact printers? *Example D6 8 out of 12 scouts are selected to stand four on each side of a hall entrance. Find the number of ways in which this may be done if (a) there is no restriction; (b) the 2 tallest scouts must stand at the end of each side. Notes ~10~FREER Permutation and Combination (F5M) Example D7 Ina school library, 7 different storybooks and 6 different reference books have arrived recently. A librarian decides to display 5 of the storybooks and 4 of the reference books on a shelf. In how many ways can the librarian (a) _ select the books for display? (b) _azrange the books on display in order? ‘xample D8 ‘There are 8 different bottles of red wine and 9 different bottles of white wine in stock. The shopkeeper determines to display 3 bottles of red and 2 bottles of white wine on a rack. Find the number of possible arrangements he can make. *Example D9 2 men and 2 women are chosen from 8 pairs of couples. Find the number of possible choices if (2) 2 pairs of couples are chosen, (b) no couple is chosen, (©) exactly | pair of couple is chosen, Notes ~II~ed Permutation and Combination (FSM) r Examples Example El The prime ministers 4, B, C, D, E, F and G of 7 countries will address at a summit meeting. (a) Find the number of arrangements that can be made so that (i) A will speak before C, i) A will speak before C and C will speak E. () In how many of those ways in (a)(ii) will C speak immediately after 4? Example £2 (a) How many different numbers of 4 digits may be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 ifno digi () How many of the numbers formed in (a) are even? (©) Find the sum of all the numbers formed in (a). is used more than once in any number? Example £3 There are 3 letter-boxes marked P, Q and R and 8 letters marked 4, B,C, D, E, (@) When the letters are placed in a row, find the number of arrangements if (the letters 4, B and C are always together, (ii) the letters 4 and H must be separated, (ii) the letters 4, B, C, D are separated from each other. (6) Find the number of ways in which the § letter can be placed in the boxes if (there is no restriction, (@ 4 of them are in box P, 3 of them in box Q and 1 of them in box R. Notes ~12-OREESE Permutation and Combination (FSM) Example £4 Given 12 points in a space, 8 of which lie on same plane and 4 on another plane. No straight line can be drawn through any 3 or more points on a plane. Find the number of triangles that can be formed by using any 3 of the 12 points as vertices. Example BS (@ Find the number of diagonals that can be drawn in an n-sided polygon. (b) What is the greatest number of points of intersection of 6 straight lines with different slopes? (©) What is the greatest number of points of intersection of 7 circles with different radii? Example E6 Four lattices are selected from the 5x4 grid board indicated in the figure above so that they form the comers of a rectangle having sides parallel to the edges of the board. How many different rectangles can be formed in this way? Notes ~13~SOERE Permutation and Combination (FSM) Exercises Ex1 The counting principle 1. In how many ways can a number be chosen from the set of positive integers from 6 10 31 inclusive such that it is either a prime number or a multiple of 5? x Fiona wants to buy a birthday present for Ken. She is considering one item from 4 different watches, 6 different sweaters and 7 different shirts. How many different presents can she choose from? 3. John plans to go to city 4. He can choose one of the 3 routes by bus, one of the 6 routes by train or one of the 2 routes by plane. In how many ways can John go to city 4? 4. Ina school, students can join the kendo club, the archery club or the riding club as their extra-curricular activities. It is given that the number of student in the kendo club, the archery club and riding club are 50, 30 and 20 respectively. Among them, 10 students join both the archery club and riding club. Find the total number of students in these three clubs. 5. Ina shopping centre, there are 35 shops selling clothes and 13 shops selling shoes. Among them, 5 are selling both clothes and shoes. Find the total number of shops selling elothes or shoes. 6. There are 5 roads between A and B and 4 roads between B and C. Ifa person travels from A to town C via town B, how many different routes can he / she choose? 7, Asstudent must take a social science subject and a language subject. The social science subjects available are Economics, Geography and Commerce. The language subjects available are English, Chinese, Japanese, German and French, How many ways can the student arrange his / her study program? 8. Asschool has 7 English, 6 Mathematics and 2 Physics teachers, How many ways is it possible to assign an English, a Mathematics and a Physics teachers to a certain class? 9. _A four-course dinner consists of a soup, a main dish, a dessert and a drink. If one can select from 4 different soups, 5 main dishes, 3 deserts and 6 drinks, how many dinner choices are possible? Exervises Page 1FREER Permutation and Combination (F5M) 10. (@) In how many ways can 5 true-false questions be answered? (b)_ In how many ways can 10 multiple choice questions, each with 4 options, be answered? (©) A test paper consists of 5 true-false questions and 10 multiple choice questions with 4 options, In how many ways can this paper be answered? 11. How many three digit odd numbers can be formed from each of the following sets of digits? @ 1,2,3,6,7,9 (b) 0,1,2,3,6,7,9 12. Ina certain town, each car registration number consists of 2 letters followed by a number between 1 and 9 999 inclusive. If the letters are limited to those from A to H, how many different registration numbers are possible? 13. There are 5 positions to be filled in a student union election. Among the positions, there are 3 candidates (including Andy) for the chairman, 4 candidates for the vice-chairman, 3 candidates for the secretary, 2 candidates for the treasurer and 5 candidates for the public relations convener. - _ IfAndy is the elected chairman, he can form his own cabinet among the candidates for the other 4 positions. - Ifone of the other 2 candidates for chairman is elected, the other positions will be elected by voting In how many ways can the 5 positions be filled? 14. Ina city, the pollution level of a day can be described as low, medium or high. (a) In how many ways can a weck’s pollution level be described? (b) Within how many years must there be repetition of the description of a week’s pollution level? Give your answer correct to the nearest integer. (Assume that there are 52. weeks in ayear) 15. Using 8 different letters, how many strings consisting of 3 different letters can be formed? Exercises Page 2FREES Ex2 Factorial Ex2A a-7) Evaluate the following expressions. 1 5! 2. 9-3! 7 q see « 13! 4151 Simplify the following expressions. (8-10) (nt (2-2) Ex2B (Level 1) 41, Evaluate the following. @s! ) 91-31 8! ins (e) ae @) 4! x5! 2. Evaluate the following. @c Co wc} OC} Evaluate each of the following in terms of n. (Nos. 3-4) 3.(@) nl + (m-a)t ®) @-2aT 1 e GAOT Test 4.) C3 ©) Cy. ocr Permutation and Combination (F5M) (n+6)! (a4) 1 & 4. 4lxs! 4 ul a8 8. Find wif Cf, =Cjy. 6. Find n if C} = 91. 7. Show that nCy' = (r#1)C yy 8 Simplify each ofthe following and give the answers ib the form C" @cy+cy (b) CF #CF (Level 2) 9.Findrif CP = Ci, 10. simplify C7°'-C7" Exercises Page 3ORCA Parmutation and Combination (FSM) Ex3 Permutation Ex3A 1. Evaluate the following expressions: @ ® ) Be OR 2. How many ways are there to rank 6 candidates who attempt a fitness test? 3. How many ways are there to arrange 7 balls of different colours in a line? 4, From acollection of 10 hottest songs, a list ranking the top 4 must be made. How many ways are there to make such a list? 5. How many different arrangements of 3 letters can be formed the 26 letters A to Z if repeated letters are not allowed? 6. 6 singers, A, B, C, D, E and F, will sing a TV program. Find the number of arrangements that can be made such that (a) C will sing first; (6) B will sing first and either A or E will sing last; (©) Dwill sing immediately after F? 7. Provethat P" = (n—r+I)x 2 8. Prove that P? = P™+rx Pm! Exercises Page 4SREEE Permuction and Combination (F580) Ex3B (ode: NC.5A-48) 1, In how many ways can 8 boys be arranged to stand in a row for being photographed? 2. There is an English novel (in 3 volumes) and there is a translated version of the novel in Chinese (also in 3 volumes). In how many ways can these books be arranged on a shelf? Calculate the number of permutations of any 4 different letters taken from the letters P, Q, R, S, 7, U and V. 4. If 2 different numbers are taken from the numbers 2, 3, 5 and 7 to forma fraction, how many fractions can be formed? 5. Calculate the number of 3-digit numbers that can be formed by using the numerals 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 without repetition. 6. In the class 5B, there are 30 students. Find the number of all possible Ways of electing three students to be the chairman, vice chairman and treasurer of the class association. 7. In how many ways can letters from the word ‘DISCOURAGE’ be arranged in a row if (a) 4 different letters are taken each time? (b) 7 different letters are taken each time? (¢) all the letters in the word are taken each time? 8. A teacher prepares 5 different books for 7 students. If each student ‘can get one or no book from the teacher, find the number of ways of distributing the books among the students. 9. In how many ways can the prime numbers between 10 and 35 be arranged if (a) 2 different prime numbers are taken each time? (b) 5 different prime numbers are taken cach time? 10. At a birthday party, some students can participate in a lucky draw. ‘The months of their birthdays are all different, but the months all have 31 days, (@) Find the maximum number of the students who can participate in the lucky draw. (b) If the actual number of the students is the maximum number in (a), (i) inhow many ways can 3 of the students be awarded the first prize, the second prize and the third prize respectively? in how many ways can 7 of the students be awarded the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh prizes respectively? Exercises Page $BEES Permutation and Combination (F5M) 41. There are 5 cards marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Find the number of ways of forming {@) 2 4digit odd number, (b) a S-digit even number using these cards, 12. Find the number of ways of forming a 6-digit number with different digits by using the ten numerals 0 to 9. 13. There are 10 successive parking spaces in a car park. 7 cars are going to park into these spaces. If it is required that the 3 unoccupied spaces are next to each other, in how many ways can the spaces be assigned to the cars? 14. Find the number of ways of rearranging the letters in the word “DECIMAL such that {a) the letter D is in the middle; (b) the first letter is A and the last letter is not M. 15. Five letters are taken from the word ‘HISTOGRAM’ and arranged. Find the number of ways of arranging them if (2) the last letter is a vowel; (b) the first and the last letters are consonants. 16. There are 10 carriages in a roller-coaster. Each carriage can carry 1 person only. Ken and 9 other persons are going to ride on the roller-coaster. If Ken takes the first carriage, in how many ways can the others be arranged” 17. There are 8 members in 2 swimming club. To participate in a medley relay, 2 team of four members will be selected to swim in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle respectively. It is known that three members of the club cannot swim in butterfly only and the others are able to swim in any stroke. Find the number of ways of forming the swimming team. 18. By choosing 4 different numerals from the ten numerals 0 to 9, how many 4-digit numbers that are divisible by 5 can be formed? 19. Peter, Paul, Mary and Simon are arranged in a row. {a) Find the number of all arrangements. (b) If Peter and Paul must be next to each other, how many possible ‘arrangements are there? (c) If Peter, Paul and Mary must be next to each other, how many possible arrangements are there? Exercises Page 6RRR Permutation and Combination (F5M) Ex3C (Code: MT: 48-122) 1. A photo is to be taken for 5 students. (a) In how many ways can all of them be arranged in a row? (b) In how many ways can 3 of them be arranged to occupy 3 seats in a row? 2. Four playing cards “A”, “J”, “Q” and “K” are arranged in a row. How many different permutations are there? How many arrangements can be made with the letters w, x, w, x, y and z if each arrangement contains (@) 2 different letters? (b) 5 different letters? 4, Fiona, Gigi, Helena, Iris and Joyce are the final contestants in a beauty contest. In how many ways can the first three places be filled? How many different arrangements of 3 colours can be formed from 27 different colours? 6. How many 4-digit even numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, if all the digits in the number are different? 7. How many different strings of 4 letters can be formed from the consonants of the alphabet if all the letters in the word are different? 8, In how many ways can 4 boys and 5 girls be arranged in a line so that the boys and girls are placed alternately? 9. Inhow many ways can 4 prizes be awarded to 10 students if (a) each students is eligible for every prize? (b)_ each student is eligible for at most one prize? 10, Eight students A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are arranged to stand in a row, In how many of the arrangements do students A, B, C, and D stand together? 11. With the letters of the word “RELATIONS”, how many strings of 5 different letters cach can be formed in which the odd positions are occupied by vowels? Exercises Page 7FOE Permutation and Combination (FSM) 12. How many odd numbers greater than 5 000 can be formed form the digits 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8 ifthe digits in cach number must be different? 13. For the permutations of the letters of the word “POINTER”, taking all letters at a time, (a) how many words begin and end with a consonant? (>) how many words have the vowels in the even positions? (c) how many words do not have “N” as their middle letter? 14, 5 different Toyo cars and 2 different Hon cars are parked in a queue. Find the number of different arrangements if (a) there is no restriction, (b) the 2 Hon cars must be parked together, (©) the 2 Hon cars must be separated, (@)_ the 2 Hon cars must be parked one at each end. 15. 6 distinct flags are hoisted in a post. Find the number of ways of arranging them if (a) 4 ofthe flags must be placed together, (b) 2 ofthe flags must be separated. Exercises Page 8PORRERE Permutation and Combination (FSM) Ex4 Combination Ex4A Evaluate the following expressions. (1-6) 1 @ 2 iG 3 Ge 4 Ch oS oe 6. cyt 7. Inhow many ways can a committee of 3 principals be selected from a group of 10 principals? 8. There are 25 students in the Science Club. In how many ways can 4 officers be sclected? 9. Inarestaurant, 5 out of LI different sets of lunch are listed on its menu daily. How many days will elapse before the lunch menu has to repeated? 10. Areplay team of 4 persons is selected from a group of 9 runners. How many different teams can be formed if (a) an outstanding runner must be included in the team? (6) a wounded runner must be excluded from the team? 11, Given 10 points in a plane, 5 of which lie in the same straight line and no other group of 3 or more points can be drawn through by one straight line. Find the number of different triangles that can be formed by using the 10 points as vertices, 12. Abox contains 4 green apples and 8 red apples. In how many ways can a child pick 3 of these apples and receive (@) exactly 2 green apples? (b) at most 1 green apple? 13. A poker hand (f#£S}#145) of 5 cards are selected from a deck of 52 playing cards. How many different poker hands contain (a) all Spades? (b) 3 Aces and 2 Kings? (©) 4 cards with identical numbers or letters? Exercises Page 9eRe Permutation and Combination (FSM) 14, 16. 17. ‘An examination paper has 3 sections A, B and C. A student must do 4 out of 7 questions in section A, 3 out of 5 questions in section B and 2 out of 3 questions in section C, In how many ‘ways can a student attempt the paper? A human resource manager has to locate 15 clerks into 3 offices that require 7, 5 and 3 clerks respectively. In how many ways can the 3 group of clerks be chosen? A sample of 5 cars is selected for a destructive test from a group containing 7 small, 4 medium and 6 large cars. How many samples are possible (a) with no restriction? () with 2 small, 2 medium and | large car? (©) with at least 1 small ear? Prove that C? Cr 4207 +093 Exercises Page 10wens Permutation and Combination (FSM) Ex 4B [ode NCSA4C-8.17) 1. There are eight different points on the circumference of a circle. (@)__ with these points as the vertices, how many triangles can be drawn? (b) With these points as the vertices, how many quadrilaterals can be drawn? 2, How many combinations are there if 2 different letters are taken from the word “RADIUS”? How many combinations are possible if 5 different letters are taken from the word “BOUNDARY”? 4. How many combinations are possible if 4 different numbers are taken from the integers 1 to 9? 5. How many combinations are possible if 4 flowers are taken from 7 flowers which are different in colour? 6. Inthe lucky draw at a banquet, 5 people out of the 12 guests at each table can win the special prizes. Find the number of combinations of guests getting the prizes at each table. 7. There are 7 kinds of fruit in a juice stall. Under each of the following conditions, find number of different kinds of juice that can be mixed. (a) each customer can choose 2 different kinds of fruit for the mixed juice. (b) Each customer can choose 3 different kinds of fruit for the mixed juice. 8. In Mr Wong's wallet, there are Hong Kong banknotes currently in circulation, one for each kind of face values. (a) Find the number of banknotes in his wallet. (b) Find the number of different combinations if 3 banknotes are taken from his wallet. 9. There are 15 points on a plane and no three points are collinear, It is given that a straight line can be formed by joining any two points, Find the total number of straight lines that can be formed. 10. How many combinations are there if 3 different letters are taken from each of the words “FOLK” and “DANCE”. 11. If 8 different numbers are chosen from the integers 1 to 14 and 4 different numbers are chosen from the integers 15 to 20, find the number of all possible combinations. Exercises Page U1aeeeeHE Permutation and Combination (FSM) 12. 13. 14, 15, ‘A pack of 52 playing cards is divided into four suits: spades, hearts, clubs and diamonds. The numbers of cards in each suit are the same. How many possible combinations of 4 cards in different suits can be drawn from the pack? ‘There are 9 boy scouts and 6 girl guides. If 5 representatives are selected among them and at most 2 are boy scouts, find the number of all possible selections. 3 different numbers are taken from the integers 2 to 20. Find the number of combinations with at least one prime number. 4 different numbers are taken from the integers 16 to 34. Find the number of combinations with at most 3 odd numbers. : Exercises Page 12,ARREARS Permutation and Combination (FSM) Ex4C Wade: 1. Two colours are chosen from the colours red, yellow, green and blue to fill a logo. How many combinations are available? 2. In how many ways can a committee of 3 principals be selected from a group of 13 principals? 3. There are 25 students in the Science Club. In how many ways can 4 representatives of the club be selected? 4, There are 42 students in a class. 39 of them will be chosen to take part in a singing contest. In how many ways can the students be chosen? 5. Letters are selected from the word “QUESTION”. How many selections are possible if each selection contains (a) 3 letters? (0) 5 letters? 6. given 6 points in a plane, no three of them are collinear. How many triangles can be drawn by using them as vertices? 7. In how many ways can 11 men be divided into a group of 4 and a group of 7 respectively? 8. _ Inthe Legislative Council, a special committee of 5 members has to be formed from 10 non-official members and 7 official members. In how many ways can the committee be formed if it consists of (a) 5 non-official members? (b) 3 non-official members and 2 official members? 9. Given 10 points in a rectangular coordinate plane, 5 of which lie on the same straight line and no other group of 3 or more points can be drawn through by a straight line. Find the number of different triangles that can be formed by using the 10 points as vertices. 10. A transportation company has 8 lorries and 10 drivers available. When it receives 4 orders of one lorry each, how many different selections of lorries and drives are there to meet the requests? 11. In how may ways can a committee of 5 people be chosen from 12 candidates so as to (a) include both the youngest and the oldest? (b) exclude the youngest if it includes the oldest, or vice versa? Exercises Page 13OAS Permutation and Combination (FSM) Ex5 Miscellaneous Exercises Ex5A 1. 10, ul 13. Kenneth has received 5 Mathematics assignments, 2 Chinese assignments and 3 Physics assignments for a school holiday, If he choose to do one of the assignments after dinner, how many options hoes he have? Inan educational publishing company, there ate 7 employees in the Mathematics department, 8 employees in the English department and 12 employees in the Chinese department, If one of the employees is asked to submit a proposal to the general manager, find the possible number of proposals. Company A provides 4 different kinds of soft drink while company B provides 3. How many types of soft drink can be chose from the companies? ‘Achild has 6 sweaters and 7 pairs of trousers. How many different outfits can he / she wear? ‘Acar manufacturer has 7 car models and 8 colour schemes. How many choices it can provide to its customers? ‘A.computer shop has 5 types of monitors, 4 CPU systems and 7 printers available, How many different computer systems consisting of a monitor, a CPU system and a printer can be formed? Ina student union selection, there are 3 candidates for the chairman, 4 candidates for the vice-chairman, 5 for treasurer, 2 for secretary and 7 for recreation. In how many ways can these five officers be filled? How many 3-digit even numbers can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 7 and 8 if (@) the digits can be repeated? (b) the digits must be different? Mary is attempting 4 True or False questions, How meny possible combinations are there? If two letters are chosen from the word “MATHS”, how many combinations are there? ‘Two fare dice are thrown and the sum of the numbers is calculated. In how many ways can the sum be greater than 8? ‘Two letters are chosen from the word “Mathematics”. How many combinations contain at least one vowel? 2 red balls and 2 white balls are randomly placed in a row. How many possible orders are there? Exercises Page 14BGLEEE Pernntation and Combination (FSM) 14. 15. 16. 17. ‘Mary, Susan and John enter a mall through one of its three entrances. If cach of them select ‘one entrance randomly in how many ways can they enter the mail? ‘There are 3 paths connecting the places A and B, and 6 paths conneeting the places B and C. Miss Li wants to go to C from A via B. How many different routes can she choose from? Using 5 different letters, how many strings consisting of 3 different letters can be formed? If-4 letters are selected from 8 letters of the word “COMPUTER”, calculate the number of possible: (2) combinations, _(b) arrangements. Ex5B 1 Mrs. Wong wishes to purchase a new car. The model that she likes comes in 5 colours. It can be either sedan, hatchback or wagon. There is a choice of manual or automatic geat. What is the number of options available to Mrs. Wong? Find the number of ways that a group of 4 representatives can be chosen from 5 men and 8 women when it contains (@)_ only people of the same sex, (b) atleast one woman. A display stand has 4 black, 3 silver and 1 gold ball-pens of the same model. Find the number of different arrangements of the 8 ball-pens on the stand if (@) they are placed at random, (b) the 3 silver ball-pens must be placed together. Adisk box contains 10 floppy disks of which 3 are black and the other 7 are each of different colours, 8 disks are selected from the box. What is the number of possible different selections? The think-tank ofa firm comprises 3 representatives from each of 4 departments: production, marketing, finance and personnel. A task group of 4 persons is randomly selected from the think-tank, Find the number of different task groups that can be formed if (a) no person is selected from the personnel department, (b) one person is selected from each department, (©) one person is selected from the production department, two persons from the marketing department and one from wither of the other two departments, (d)_ the finance manager, who is a representative of finance department in the think-tank, must be on the task group. A flock of 6 birds is to be chosen from 10 blue and 5 yellow birds in a cage, Find the number of way’ this flock may be chosen if (a) aparticular bird must be in the flock, (b) (i) the flock must contain at least 3 blue birds and a least two yellow birds, (ii)_if'in addition to (i), two particular blue birds can’t be placed together in the flock. Exercises Page 15PSE Permutation and Combination (P3M) Ex5C (Mea Rev Ex 12] 1. 14 letters are selected from the 8 letters of the word “COMPUTER’, calculate the number of possible: (a) combinations, _(b) arrangements. 2. There are 50 applicants for 2 identical vacancies in a company. In how many ways can the vacancies be filled? 3, Gary can go to university from his home in the following ways. Method 1: Hie can take one offfuses to Shatin, then take one of 3 buses to Sai Kung, and finally take one of 3 vans to the university. Method 2; He can take the MTR to one ofS stations and then take one of 3 buses to the university. In how many ways can Gary go to university from his home? 4, Inakitchen, 4 kinds of meat (beef, pork, chicken and lamb) and 5 types of sauce (black bean, mushroom, garlic, curry and barbecue) are available. A dish can be cooked by stir-frying, steaming or baking. How many varieties of dish are available if we want to make a dish that consists of (a) one kind of meat with one type of sauce? * (b) two kind of meat with one type of sauce? 5, There are 5 men and 5 women queuing at bus stop. (@) Find the number of ways to form the queue if the 5 men are queuing in the front (b)_Abusis approaching and itis nearly full. If only 3 people in the queue can get on the bus, how many combinations of people can get on the bus? 6. Winnie has 5 dogs. (a) Inbow many ways can she arrange them in a row? (b) In how many ways can she choose 4 of them if (i) there are no restrictions? Gi) 2 particular dogs must be included? 7, Find the number of ways that a group of 4 representatives can be chosen from 5 men and & women when it contains: (a) people ofthe same sex, (b)_at least one women. 8, Mandy has to put 3 different Chinese stamps, | Korean stamp and 2 different US stamps ina stamp album, In how many ways can she arrange the stamps if (a) all the stamps are placed in one row? (b) all the stamps are placed in one row with the 2 US stamps together? (© the stamps are placed in two rows of three? Exercises Page 16wee Permutation and Combination (F5M) 9. In the figure, there is a 4x5 gird board with 20 different [A] BTC] DE letters on it. Suppose four lattices are selected so that they [F |G | HL | J form the comers of a rectangle or a square having sides {K | L [MNO parallel to the edges of the board. How many differeat [P-[O TRS LT rectangles and squares altogether can be formed in this ways? 10. Consider the letters of the word “TUESDAY”. We arrange them in different orders. (@)_Inhow many of the arrangements begin with “T” and end with “Y"? (©) How many of the arrangements begin with “T” but do not end with “Y"? (©) How many of the arrangements do not begin with “T” but end with “Y"? (@® How many of the arrangements do not begin with “T” and do not end with “Y"? LL. Consider the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. When the letters are placed in a row, find the number of arrangements if (@)_ the letters C, D and E are placed together, (b) the letters A and B must be separated, (©) the letters B, F, G and H are separated from each other. 12. The Olympic board of a country is going to choose a team of 6 athletes from 18 track and 12 field athletes to participate in the Olympic Games. (@_Inhow many ways can the team be formed? (®) _Inhow many ways can the team consist of track athletes only? (© Inhow many ways can the team consist of 4 track athletes and 2 field athletes? Ex5D BIC SA Sup Bx 4] 1. When a task in a computer game is completed, a code with 5 different digits will be generated random. Find the total number of codes that can be generated. 2. Find the number of permutations of 6 different letters taken from the 9-letter word “TRAPEZIUM”. 3. prize, the second prize, the third prize and the fourth prize to 4 of them. 4. Under each of the following conditions, how many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the four numerals 2, 4, 6 and 8? (@) Each numeral can only be used once. (®) Each numeral can be used more than once. Exercises Page 17RGERE Permutation and Combination (FSM) 10. . By using 10 cards marked 0 to 9 respectively, (@) how many 4-digit numbers that are divisible by 10 can be formed? (b) how many S-digit numbers that are not divisible by 10 can be formed? 6 different letters are taken from the word “BISECTOR” and rearranged. Find the number of permutations which satisfy each of the following requirements. (@) The first letter is S of T. (b) The first and the second letters are neither I nor E. Letters are taken from the word “SOMETHING?” and then arranged in a row. In each of the following cases, how many permutations are possible? (a) 5 different letters are taken at a time. (b) 7 different letters are taken at a time. Mr Chan, Mr Lee, Mr Cheung, Mr Wong, Mr Ho and Mr Mok are going to stand in a row for an opening ceremony. If Mr Chan stands at the left-most or the right-most of the row, in how many ways can they be lined up? ‘na table there are 12 balls of different colours. If 6 of the balls are put into a bag and one “particular bali must be selected, how many combinations of balls are there? A restaurant provides 15 kinds of Chinese food and 12 kinds of Western food. 10 customers order different kinds of food, one for each and either in Chinese style or in Western style. How many combinations are there if at most 2 customers choose Western food? A pack of 52 playing cards is divided into four suits: spades, hearts, clubs and diamonds. The pumbers of cards in each suit are the same. How many combinations of 4 cards from the pack are possible if at least one heart is taken? 3 students are chosen from 8 students of different heights. (a) how many combinations of students are possible if the tallest and the shortest students are chosen? (®) Using the result of (2), caleulate the number of combinations in which the tallest and the shortest are not chosen at the same time. (c) Using another method, find the result of (b). Exercises Page 18