Js 5186 : 1994 aredta are saat arett ate Test SOT Seas fsareq aT water — ards ( agar gadtert ) Indian Standard DESIGN OF CHUTE AND SIDE CHANNEL SPILLWAYS — CRITERIA ( First Revision ) UDC 627-83 © Bis 1994 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 April 1994 Price Group 5Spillways Including Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee, RVD 10 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Spillways Including Energy Dissipators Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Spillway is an integral part of all river valley projeets and is essentially required to pass down to the river or to. some other natural drainage, surplus or flood water which cannot be safely retained upstream of the storage dam. Provision of a hydraulically efficient and. structurally strong spillway is very important for the safety of the dam and the life and property along the river down below. Generally the spillway can be provided directly over the dam in case of concrete or masonry Gam. But for dams composed of earth or rock, or for dams over which it is impossible oF undesirable, for special reasons, to pass water, some form of spillway adjacent to the dam is to be provided. ‘These may be either closed conduit or open channel spillways. In open channel spillways Water ip conveyed from the reservoir to the river below the dam of io other natural drainage Through an excavated and lined open channel with fairly steep slope and placed either along a dam abutment or through a saddle in the rim of the reservoir. These consist of a. low crest anda paved channel ona stecp slope on the natural or excavated earth or rock formation. Generally the control structure is placed normal or nearly sormal to the centre line of the channel downstream. Such a spillway is termed chute spillway. In narrow canyons, ot otherwise, where the site for the contro} structure is limite: in width, the erest is. placed aimost parallel to the channel and the spillway is then called side channel spillway. A typical arrangement for chute fand side channel spillway is shown in Fig. 1. Chute and side channel spillways can be constructed on all typ2s of foundation materials ranging from solid rock to soft clays. However, if the foundation material is incapable of passing the water without excessive erosion, it should always be protected by concrete paving. Due to possible use of large amounts of spillway excavation in the dam embankment, these spillways ‘generally result in overall economy in earthfill dams. ‘These structures are specially. suited in situations where sound rocky foundations required for the conventional type of spillways (vertical drop type ) are not available. Therefore, due to simplicity of their design and construc~ tion, adaptability to almost any foundation condition, these spillways are used with earthtill dams more often than any other type. ‘This standard was first published in 1969. This standard has been revised to update its contents based on the experience gained with the use of this standard. ‘The principal modifications are in respect of design requirements of outlet channel, floor lining, drainage system and anchors, For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, should be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 “Rules for rounding off numerical values '( revised )'- The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 5186 : 1994 Indian Standard DESIGN OF CHUTE AND SIDE CHANNEL SPILLWAYS — CRITERIA ( First Revision ) 1 SCOPE ‘This standard covers the criteria for hydraulic and structural designs and other general require- ments of chute and side channel spiliways. 2. REFERENCES The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard: IS No. Tile 4410 Glossary of terms relating to (Part 9) : 1982 river valley projects : Part 9 Spillways and. syphons (first revision ) 11155: 1984 Code of practice for constru- ction of spillways and similar overflow structure 11527: 1985 Criteria for structural design of energy dissipators for spillways 11772:1986 Guidelines for design of drainage arrangements of energy dissipators and train- ing walls of spillways 3 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS 4410 ( Part 9): 1982 shall apply. AGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Geology of the site will be taken into considera- tion for designing the details of the structure. 5 SPILLWAY LAYOUT 5.1 The outflow characteristics of a spillway depend on the particular device selected to control the discharge. After having selected a spillway control with certain dimensions and crest level, the maximum spillway discharge and the maximum reservoir water level may be determined by flood routing for adopted design- edilood. Other components of the spillway may then be proportioned to conform to the required capacity, topography and foundation conditions of the’site. $2 Site conditions generally influence the location, type, and components of a spillway. The steepness of the terrain traversed by the control and discharge channel, the class and amount of excavation and the possibility for its use as embankment material, the chances of scour of the bounding surfaces and the need for lining, the permeability and bearing capacity of the foundation, and the stability of the excavated slopes should necessarily be consi- dered in the selection of layout. 6 HYDRAULIC DESIGN GA Chute or side channel spillways in general consist of the following components: a) An approach channel, b) Control structure, c) Side channel trough, 4) Discharge channel, e) Fnergy dissipator and/or terminal stru- ceture, and f) Outlet channel. 6.2 Approach Channel 6.2.1 Where the spillway is located through an abutment, saddle or ridge, an approach channel is required to draw water from the reservoir and convey it to the control structure. 6.2.2 Approach velocities should be limited and channel curvatures and transitions should. be mace gradual, in order to minimize head loss through the channel and to obtain uniformity of flow over the spillway crest. Head loss in the approach channel has the effect of reduc- ing the spillway discharge. High velocity may also necessitate lining of the channel depend- ing upon the rock. Even distribution of flow should be ensured over the spillway crest as far as possible. 6.2.3 The approach velocity and depth below crest level have important influence on the discharge over aa overilow crest, Preferably the depth below the erest_may be about half of the head over the crest for good co-efficient of discharge.JS 5186; 1994 6.3 Control Structure 6.3.1 The control structure in chute spillways is generaily placed normal or nearly normal to the axis of the discharge channel in the head reach and in side channel spillways the control Structure is placed along the side or approxi- mately parallel to the upper portion of the spillway discharge channel. Control structure is to limit or prevent outflows below fixed reservoir levels and to regulate releases when the reservoir rises above that level 6.3.2 Control structure in plan_may be straight, semicircular, or U-shaped. The crest may be gated or ungated. ‘The overflow section may be ogee shaped, or broad crested 63.3 The crest profile should be designed to suit the conditions of gate operation. At partial gate openings free flow profiles are likely fo develop negative pressures. In low crests which are usually with these types of spillways the negative pressures may be avoided without any appreciable extra cost by adopting a jet flow profile for a small gate opening for the part of the crest downstream of the gate sill The co-efficient of discharge in this case is teduced and can best be Worked out on a hydraulic model. 6.44 Side Channel Trough GA1 In side channel spillway the control structure is generally placed along the side of of approximately parallel to the upper portion of the spillway discharge channel. Flow over the crest falls into a trough, turns approxi- mately at a right angle and then continues into the main discharge channel. The flow into the trough may enter only on one side in the case ofa steep hillside location, or on both sides and over the end of the trough if it is located ‘on a knoll or gently sloping abutment. 6A2 Reduction in discharge over the crest due to submergence, if it occurs, should be taken into consideration. The submergence may be due to some flow conditions along the reach of the trough under consideration oF acontrol section or a construction in the channel downstream of the trough. 6.4.3 The crest structure should be designed as in 6.3.3. 6.44 Cross-Section of Trough The cross-sectional shape of the side channel trough is influenced by the overflow crest on ‘one side and by bank conditions on the oppo- site side, A trapezoidal cross-section with minimum width to depth ratio is recommended for the side channel trough. However, the minimum width should be commensurate with both practical and structural aspects. If the width to depth ratio is large, the depth of flow in the channel will be shallow, resulting in Poor diffusion of increasing flow with the channel flow. Moreover, with greater bed widths the excavation will increase. 6.4.4.1 Because of turbulences and vibrations inherent in site channel flow, the trough should be set well into the original formation for safety. The side slopes shonld be trimmed to the steepest angle at which the material will safely stand and lined with concrete aachored directly to the reek. 6.4.5 Slope Por the suveritical stage in the rough, the incom- ing low willnot develop high transverse velocities because of the low drop. before it mects. the chan vel flow. thus cRecting a. good. ilfesion with the watsr bulk in the trough. Since both the incoming veloctis and the channel velo- cities will bs relatively’ slow, a. faitly “complete intermingling of the flows will take. place, the:cby producing comparatively smoth Mow inthe side chanel “Where the ‘channel. flow isupereriveal the chanvel scloctes willbe igh and the! intermixing of the high-ene transverse flow with the channel strcam will be Fough and. turbulent. The transverse. Hows will toad 20 sweep the channel ow. to the far Side of the channel, producing. violent wave action with, ‘attendant. vibrations. Therefore, for good hydraulic performance the side channel trough should have mild slope ora steep slope witha control section at the downstream end Of side channel trough ‘so that the Now is, sub Critical in the trough. ‘The slope depends on site conditions and should be so chosen a 0 Fedduce the excavation to a minimum 6.4.6 Control Section The control section is a section downstream of side channel trough where the depth of flow changes from subcritical to supercritical. Control section may be provided by constrict: ing the channel sides or elevating the channel bottom. The best location of a control section is usually at point where bed slope has to be steepened to keep the channel on the ground. Special conditions may require another location. For example, the section may be placed im: mediately downstream of the discharge trough. 6.4.7 Water Surface Profile The water surface profile on the side channel trough may be determined using the following equation Which is based on the law of conserva- tion of linear momentum, assuming that the only forces producing motion inthe channel resultfrom the fall in the water surface in the direction of the axis and that the entire eneray of flow over, the crest is dissipated through its intermingling with the channel flow and is therefore of no assistance in moving the water along the channel. Axial velocity is produced only. after the incoming water particles joia the channel stream. QF (Vi+Ve) one tose} where [os-ro + G@- 00] AY = drop in water surface in a small reach between Section 1 and Section 2 in m; Q, = discharge at Section 1, in m*/s; ¥ = accelertion due to gravity in m/s*; V, = velocity at Section 1, in m/s; V, = velocity at Section 2, in m/s; and Q, = discharge at Section 2, in m*/s. Q, and Q, may be calculated for a particular reach knowiag the discharge per unit length of the crest. 6.4.8 Design Procedure The following steps are recommended for the design of a side channel trough: a) Desiga the side channel crest controlled or uacontrolied, as required. The length of the crest should be determined by the total discharge to be passed and the sur- charge allowed; b) Choose a suitable cross-section, bottom profile and location and the datum of the control section; «) Caleulate the ertical depth of flow at the 4) If the control section is not at the down stream end of trough, calculate the hydraulic properties of the downstream end of the trough using Bernoulli's theor~ rem and by trial and error method; ©) Determine the water surface profile in the trough using the equation given in 6.4.7; £) Fit the channel profile to the crest datum by relating the water surface profile to the reservoir level such that the submer- gence of the overflow is consistent with the condition assumed for evaluating the discharge over the crest; and g) Various designs should be made by assuming different bottom widths, to high velo- cities is as far away as possible from the control structure, 65.4.2 The head losses which occur in the channel are friction, turbulence, impact and transition losses, since in most chanacls changes are made gradually, ordinarily all losses. except those due to friction should be neglected. The velocities along the channel should, therefore, be worked out by applying Bernoulli's theorem in seetions: AZ + dp thy = dy thy + he where az drop of head from Sections 1 to 2 in m; dyydy == depth of flow at Sections 1 and 2 in m yy hy = velocity head at Sections 1 and 2 in m/s; and, iy = total loss of head in the reach AL jin m; SLA, where s is average friction stope Hs, + 2) AL where 5, 84 = friction slopes at sections 1 and 2. Friction slope s may be expressed by Mannings dea ga 7 or (RY whee V = velocity of flow in m/s; n= cocflicient of roughness; and r= hydraulic mean depth in m. 65.4.3 The coefficient of roughness, n, will depend on che nature of the channel surface. The friction Ios: should be maximized for working out the depth of ow for free board, and minimized for working out net energy at the stilling basin for the design of the basin, For concrete fining the value of u may be taken as 0-018 for free board to account for air entrainment and swelling, and 0-008 for the design of stilling basin. 6.8.5 Convergence and Divergence From economic considerations sectioy may be aarfower or wider than either the crest or the teemiaal structure thus requi ing converging or diverging transitions to fit the varioas components together. Side wall convergence in discharge channel should be made gradual to ‘avoid cross, waves ride ups’ ‘on the walls and uneven distribution of flow across the channel. Similarly the rate of divergence of the side walis should be gradual to ensure the flow to spread uniformly over the entire width of the ehinvel and to avoid unde- sirable flow conditions at the terminal structure and separation of flow at the side walls. ‘The side transition for convergence or diver gence should be provided at an angle given by the following equation: the channel oot where <= angle of convergence or divergence; v and F = Froude number given by ved where V = average of the velocities at the begin- ning and end of transition; g = acceleration duc to gravity; and d = average of the depths of flow at the beginning and end of transition;65.6 Curves The centre line of the spillvay should be kept straight as far as possible. However, on piaces Where it has to be curved owing to unavoidable circumstances particular attention should be Paid to the degree of superelevation to be pro- vided at the outside of the bend. ‘The super- elevation should be determined by hydraulic, model studies. Sloped sides of spillway chan- nel should be avoided on the outside of sharp bends because they cause a higher supereleva- fon of water sutface than that by’ vertical walls. 6.5.7 Free Board 65.7.1 The free board provided for discharge channel where flow is supercritical should not less than that given by the following formula: Free board (in m ) = 0-61 + 0-037 8vd!* where ¥ = maximum velocity of flow in ms, and d= depth of flow in m. 6.5.7.2 Where side walls of stilling basin are not desired to be overtopped by waves, sages, Splash or spray, the free board for the side walls in the basia, in the absence of any model tests, should be given by the following formula: Free board (inm) = 0-1 (% + dy) where % = incoming velocity to the basin in mss and dy = conjugate tailwater depth in m. 66 Terminal Structure or Energy Dissipator 6.6.1 In order to avoid excessive scour on the downstream of discharge channel, the excessive energy of water should be dissipated before the discharge is returned to the downstream river channel. 6.7 Outlet Channel 6.7.1 Outiet channel conveys spillway flow from the terminal structure to the river channel below the dam. It should be of sufficient size to pass the anticipated flow without forming a control which will affect the tailwater levels for energy dissipators, 6.1.2 The dimension of channel and require~ ment of protective measuces by lining or rip rap should depend upon the nature of channel bed and the velocity achieved after the energy dissipator. The scouring of channel affects ‘the tailwater levels. Is 5186: 1994 6.7.3 The tailwater level in the outlet channel may be affected by the scour of channel bed as above, and by retrogression in the river bed Gue to relatively clear water from the reservoir. In case the outlet channel is only a pilot channel in errodible material, the erroded material may form islands or bars in the channel downstream and raise the tailwater levels. These likely chaages in the tailwater level should be taken care of in design of energy dissipators. 6.7.4 Where two or more types of energy dissi- pators have been used for the service or auxiliary spillway, adequate care should be taken io assess’ through model _ studies and taking into consideration the effect «f the eroded material and its deposition further downstream in the overall planing and func- tioning of energy dissipators. and other appurtenant structures such as tail race channels of the power houses so that the eroded material or its deposition does not interfere with energy dissipators or the appurtenant stractures. 7 HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTS 7A Where necessary the design should be checked by conducting tests on geometrically similar or distorted models. 1.2 With prop: the shape of the crest and other such that precedent is available, hydraulic model tesis may not be necessary: However, for unusual conditions and wherever there is. bend in channel, appropriate model tests should are in hydraulic studies where atures are 8 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS 8.1 Side Walls Where retaining walls for sides of entrance channel, discharge channel and stilling basin are used, they should be designed to withstand all possible combinations of various loadings, for example, backfill, earth or rock pressure, water pressure, live load surcharge, uplift pressures and ‘forces due to horizontal or Vertical seismic acceleration. 8.2 Floor Lining Where velocity of flow and type of bed rock warrant protection of bed rock against erosion, the bed rock should be lined with some prote- ctive material which generally tekes the form of concrete lining. ‘The lining may be requited in entrance channel, discharge trough or channel and stilling basin.IS 5186 : 1994 8.241 Thickness of Lining During spillway flows the floor lining is sub- jected to hydrostatic forces due to the weight of the water in the channel, to boundary drag forces due to frictional resistance along the surface, to dynamic forces duc to flow impinge- ment, to uplift forces due to reduction of pressure along the boundary surface, or to uplift pressure caused by Icakage through joints or cracks. When there is no spill, the lining is subject to the action of expansion and contrac- tion due to temperature variations, alternate freezing and thawing, weathering and chemical deterioration, to the offects of settlement and buckling, or to uplift pressures duc to under seepag: or high ground water condition. Since it fs not possible to evaluate the various forces which might oceur and also not to make the lining heavy enough to resist them, the thick- ness of the lining is established ona more or less empirical basis, and under drains, anchors, cut offs, ete, are’ provided to stabilize the lining: 8.2.1.1 The thickness of lining of approach channel will depend upon the velocities, depth of flow and poor rockjsoil conditions. “The thickness of the ordcr of 15 em to 30 em have been found satisfactory for normal circumstances. 8.2.1.2 In the discharge channel, where the velocity of water is usually very high, the design of the floor slab should depend on the foundation (for example unyielding rock, relatively yielding rock or earth), velocity and intensity of flow, uplift head and other similar factors including the location of spill- way with respect to dam, Probable hydro- static uplift forces under adverse condition may be considered partially relieved by the drainage system. The forces should be estimated conservatively for particular foundation and drainage system. To provide a relatively water tight functional lining which may with- stand reasonable weathering and abrasion and will hold up against normal experienced forces, a minimum thickness of 20 cm is recommended for small spillways, where the lining is placed directly on rock. When the lining is placed ‘on foundations other than rock and subjected to forces other than normal experienced forces, a detailed design should be carried out and slab thickness arrived at accordingly. 8.2.1.3 Stilling basin floor lining Stilling basin floor lining should be as. given in IS T1527 : 1985 ( under revision ). 82.1.4 The reinforcement in slabs should be provided as follows: a) For slabs on rock, a minimum. shrinkage/ temperature reinforcement equal to 015 percent of the cross-sectional area may be provided on the top face both. ways for thickness up to_450 mm. For thick: ness greater than 450 mm, only 50mm may be considered. In case of high strength deformed steel bars, this percentage may be reduced to 0°12 percent. b) For slabs on yielding foundations like carth/poor rock, depending upon the actual site conditions, the reinforcement should be designed suitably. 8.2.2 Waterstops and Joints The lining should be laid in panels approxi- mately 10m x 10 m so as to make the enirance channel lining a reasonably watertight upstream apron to reduce uplift on the control structures. Where required, the joints in the lining should be provided with waterstops in all the joints. The requirement of waterstops in the lining of discharge channel will depend upon the degree of water tightness required against the exterior water heads. Where a layer of gravel has been provided under the lining, the provision of waterstops may not be necessary, otherwise waterstops should be provided in the longitudi- nal joints, and i transverse joints at the concave curves. Because of high velocity flow passing across the joint’ with an offset (see 8.2.2.2) the possibility of water seeping water the transverse joints is very little. The down stops should not be provided in transverse joints unless complete water tightness against exterior water heads is required because these transverse joints should otherwise serve asa relief against built up of high uplift pressure under the lining in case of any possible chocking of under drains, Where the foundations are permeable, ‘waterstops should be provided in the joints of stilling basin floor lining sas to avoid circu. lating flow under the lining due to differential head on the joints in the zone of hydraulic jump. 82.2.1 The waterstops should also be provided in the joints of side walls where seepage of flow behind the walls is undesirable. 8.2.2.2 The transverse joints should be provided with 13 mm offset, as shown in Fig. 2so as to avoid high velocity flow striking against the edge of the lower floor, cause water to seep through the joint under a very high pressure and dislodge or uplift the lining. To further ensure against this, the lifting of upstream edge of lower slab due to differential settlements or heaving should be checked by providing cut-off (see 8.2.3 ), especially when the fining is found- ed ona layer of gravel or earth.Is 5186 : 1904 Fig. 1 Typicat Sipe CHANNEL aND CHUTE SPILLWAY ARRANGEMENT (aR mgs Se 2804 300 FIR IE YS mm Sano —~ 75mm LEAN concrete -/ {oF 150mm sewer ee ‘brain itn OE NTS % oF 200mm sewer wat oo Nac eae ‘A non amitimetes, Fic. 2 Typicat Deratts or TRaNsveRse JonsTs usTS 5186 : 1994 82.2.3 The offet in the downstream slab at the 82.3 Cuofs transverse joint, as shown in Fig. 2, shoul ay) also be provided in the joints of side walls Where the lining is place¢ earth ona steep (Fig. 3). All gradient or the lining is',. .ced ona layer of fravel and not anchored 16 the foundation, a J00NT VERTICAL WAGE Cut-off should be provided on the upstream end of each panel to check the creeping (Fig. 2). This cut-off should also check the lower slab lifting above the lower edge of the upper slab, These cut-offs should also form barriers against seepage of water in the gravel layer or amon; the contact of lining and foundations, ani divert “the seepage water to” the traniverse oimeTioN OF Low in the longitudinal joints as well, where lining is founded ona layer of gravel’ as shown in 8.2.3.1 Similar small cut-offs should be provided dimensions in millimetres. Fig. 4A. Typical joint details for lining on Fic. 3. Deralts oF Jomrs iN Sie Watts rock are shown in Fig. 4B. CONTRACTION JONT RUBBER WATER STOP ‘75mm LEAN CONCRETE \¢ oF 150mm SEWER FIFE ORAIN WITH OPEN JOINTS GA JOINT DETAILS FOR LINING ON GRAVEL CONTRACTION JOINT RUBBER WATER STOP BURLAP 125mm SAND AGGREGATE, rm LEAN CONCRETE 100 =” {OF 1somm SEWER PIPE ORAIN WITH OPEN JONTS, 4B JOINT DETAILS FOR LINING ON ROCK All dimensions in millimetres. Fig. 4 Deraits oF LonGrrupinat Jomnts8.2.3.2 Cut-offs should also be provided at the upstream end of the spillway to reduec seepage of flow along th 3g, increase path of per- colation, intercept permcable strata and_ reduce uplift under the spillway and adjacent struc- ‘tures. Cut-ofls should also be provided at the downstream end of spillway to check erosion nd undermining of the structures. The depth and thickness of such cut-offs would depend upon the nature of the foundations. 8.2.4 Drainage System As mentioned in 8.2, the stability of floor lining. is increased by providing underdrains. | Thes drains reduce the uplift on the lining. The drainage for oor lining, energy dissipstors and training walls of spillways and. the drainage for backfill should be according to the provisions given in IS 11772. 1986. 8.2.4.1 Where the foundation _is sufficiently impervious to prevent leakage from draining away or where it is subject to draw moisture to the underside of the Lining by capillary action, a continuous gravel blaaket should be provided under the lining, especially where the area is subject to frost’ action. This blanket should serve to insulate the fotindations against frost penevation, ‘The thickness uf gravel layer ‘would depead upon the climate of ths acea and susceptibility of the foundation to frost heaving. 8.2.4.2 The gravel blanket should be well graded to safeguard against_ movement of foundativn material with the seepage flow. B.24.3 The drains under the lining should consist of a network of pipe drains which should follow the joints in the lining. The drains should either be perforated or non-perforated clay or cement sewer pipes laid with open joints in gravel and bedded on a mortar or porous concrete pad to prevent the foundation material from being leached into the pipe. 8.2.4.4 Where the stratifications in foundation Tock are almost parallel to channel bed, vertical drainage holes piercing through the layers of stratifications, backfilled with gravel should be provided to relieve uplift on the layers of foun- dation due to seepage or ground water. These holes should be connected to the pipe drains. 8.2.4.8 The drains under the discharge channel should have their outlets either ia the discharge channel itself through the side walls, or into TS 5186: 1994 drainage gallery in case of wide and long spillway. “The outlets should be connected to the pipe drains. 8.24.6 The drains under the lining below maximum tailwater level and stilling basin shonld have their outlets inte the chute’ blocks of the basin. The drainage system of stilling basin floor should, however, be kept separate from that of the other floor lining. 8.24.7 Sewer pipe drains with open joints should also be provided at the toe of the’ heel of the side walls to collect seepage water from the backfill and relieve the side walls from water pressure. These pipes should have their outlets in the discharge channel through the side walls or independent outlets elsewhere. 8.2.5 Anchors ‘The floor of the chute should be anchored to the foundation by anchor bars to increase the effective weight of the slab against displacement due to uplift and other forces. 8.2.5.1 For chute spillways on rock foundation, it may be generally sufficient to provide nomi- nal anchors, say 25 mm mild steel rounds 3m long at the rate of 1-5 m centre to centre (staggzced ) ia the rock with suitable drainage t, in the absence of any analysis. jow and around the energy dissipa- tion arrangement should be designed according to IS 11527 : 1985. 8.2.5.2 The diameter of hole into which the anchor bars should be placed and grouted should at be less dhiun one and a half times the maximum transverse dimension of the bar. 8.2.5.3 Actual pull out tests should be carried out at the site to determine the depth and spacing of anchors, diameter of holes and type of anchors to be provided. 82.5.4 Tn soft rocks where bond bewteen rock and grout is very poor, or in earth, bulb anchors as shown in Fig. 5 should be used. 8.2.6 Surface Finish Recmise of very high velocity of flow in chute or side channel spillways, the concrete surface finish against which water should flow, is of paramount importance, The abrupt or gradual irregularities for such formed or unformed sur- faces should be reduced to the minimum and should conform to the details given in IS 11155 : 1984,TS 5186 : 1994 SRGSESS! SRSSTSR ENLARGED Baru Fon AUSEREO HOLE BACKFLL Leni cotenete ANCHOR / APPRORMATE EF FECTIVE {ADDED WEIGHT OBTAINED ey ANCHORAGE All dimensions in millimettes, Fig. 5 Deraits oF Bute Ancnors 10Bareau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of stadardization, marking and quality Certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyrisl BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS, This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Amendinents are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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