Szarfemberg Tomasz - Czasy W Jezyku Angielskim

TOMASZ SZARFEMBERG
CZASY W JĘZYKU
ANGIELSKIM
ZASADY UŻYCIA I ĆWICZENIA
A L T R A V O X PRESS
CZASY W JĘZYKU
ANGIELSKIM
TOMASZ SZARFEMBERG
CZASY W JĘZYKU
ANGIELSKIM
ALTRAVOX PRESS
Copyright © by ALTRAVOX PRESS 1996
ISBN 83-85983-15-5
Wydawca: Altravox Press

ul. Toruńska 104
87-800 Włocławek
tel. (054) 411-65-25
e-mail: altpress@polbox.com
Druk Zakłady Graficzne im. KEN SA

i oprawa: ul. Jagiellońska 1, Bydgoszcz
tel. (052) 322 18 21
Spis treści
Present Continuous 9
Ćwiczenia 1-4
Present Simple 13
Ćwiczenia 5-12
Present Simple I Present Continuous 20

Ćwiczenia 13-19
Past Simple 25
Ćwiczenia 20-27
Past Continuous 31
Ćwiczenia 28-30
Past Simple / Past Continuous 34

Ćwiczenia 31-33
Present Perfect 36
Ćwiczenia 34-38
42
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect I Present Perfect Continuous

44
Ćwiczenia 39-40
Present Perfect I Past Simple
Ćwiczenia 41-44 45
Past Perfect
Ćwiczenia 45-46 48
Past Perfect Continuous

Ćwiczenia 47-48 50
Past Simple / Past Perfect

Ćwiczenie 49 52
Past Simple (Continuous) / Present Perfect (Continuous)

Ćwiczenie 50 52
Future Simple
Ćwiczenia 51-52 54
Future Continuous
Ćwiczenia 53-54 57
Future Simple / Future Continuous 58
Ćwiczenia 55-56
Future Perfect 62
Future Perfect Continuous 63
Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous 64

Ćwiczenia 57-58
Forma be going to 66
Ćwiczenia 59-61
Future in the Past 68
Future in the Past Continuous 69
Czasy mieszane 69
Ćwiczenia 62-65
Tryb warunkowy, I typ 74
Ćwiczenia 66-67
Tryb warunkowy, II typ 75

Ćwiczenia 68-69
Tryb warunkowy, III typ 76

Ćwiczenia 70-71
Tryb warunkowy, I, II, III typ 82

Ćwiczenia 72-73
Tryb warunkowy, typy mieszane 84

Ćwiczenia 74-75
Strona bierna 86
Ćwiczenia 76-79
Następstwo czasów. Mowa zależna 91

Ćwiczenia 80-86
Od autora
Niniejsza książka służyć może zarówno osobom rozpoczynającym przygodę z

językiem angielskim, jak i tym, które w nauce języka angielskiego są zaawansowane.
Napisana została również z myślą o osobach przygotowujących się do egzaminów
maturalnych i wstępnych na studia wyższe. Omawia ona zasady użycia czasów, przede
wszystkim, w brytyjskiej angielszczyźnie, tradycyjnie najpopularniejszej odmianie języka
angielskiego w Polsce. Oprócz zasad użycia w książce zamieszczono szereg ćwiczeń,
których koncepcja, układ oraz zamieszczenie tzw. "klucza" sprawiają, że z książką
pracować można samodzielnie, bez pomocy nauczyciela.
Tomasz Szarfemberg
Present Continuous
I am working Am I working? I am not working Am I not working?

You are working Are you working? You are not working Are you not working?
He is working Is he working? He is not working Is he not working?
She is working Is she working? She is not working Is she not working?
It is working Is it working? It is not working Is it not working?
We are working Are we working? We are not working Are we not working?
You are working Are you working? You are not working Are you not working?
They are working Are they working? They are not working Are they not working?
I am - I'm is not - isn't Am I not? - Aren't I?

You are - You're are not - aren't Are you not? - Aren't you?
He is - He's Is he not? - Isn't he?
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając czasownik be i dodając końcówkę- ing do bezokolicznika.
do - doing
work - working
Jeżeli ostatnią literą bezokolicznika jest e, to dodając końcówkę -ing literę tę usuwamy:
move - moving
take - taking
W przypadku czasowników jednosylabowych zawierających jedną samogłoskę, po której

następuje pojedyncza spółgłoska, spółgłoskę tę podwajamy:
run - running
dig - digging
Tak samo postępujemy w przypadku czasowników wielosylabowych, których ostatnia,

akcentowana sylaba spełnia powyższe warunki:
be'gin - beginning
re'fer - referring
Zawsze podwajamy końcową spółgłoskę I, poprzedzoną pojedynczą samogłoską:
travel - travelling
Czasu Present Continuous używamy:
a) chcąc wyrazić czynność, która odbywa się w momencie, gdy o niej mówimy:
Father is watching TV now.

Ojciec ogląda teraz telewizję.
9
The children are playing in the garden at the moment.
Dzieci bawią się w tej chwili w ogrodzie.
b) mówiąc o czynnościach odbywanych w teraźniejszości, chociaż nie koniecznie w chwili,

kiedy o nich mówimy:
Mr Simms is a journalist. He is writing an article about the political situation in Pern now.
Pan Simms jest dziennikarzem. Obecnie pisze artykuł o sytuacji politycznej w Peru.
c) chcąc wyrazić zmieniające się obecnie sytuacje:
It is getting dark.
Robi się ciemno.
The prices of the houses in our district are going up.

Ceny domów w naszej dzielnicy idą w górę.
d) mówiąc o czynnościach przyszłych, zaplanowanych przez ich wykonawców:
I am leaving tomorrow.
Wyjeżdżam jutro, (tak postanowiłem)
They are coming tonight.

Przychodzą dziś wieczorem, (tak zadecydowali)
e) z przysłówkami always i continually chcąc wyrazić nasze zdenerwowanie, irytację lub

niezadowolenie:
Bob is always coming late.

Bob zawsze się spóźnia.
Ann is continually complaining.

Anna wciąż narzeka.
Istnieje grupa czasowników, które nie występują w czasie Present Continuous. Są to

czasowniki wyrażające pracę zmysłów, emocje, pracę umysłu. Oto najważniejsze z nich:
believe wierzyć need potrzebować

belong należeć prefer woleć
feel czuć realise zdawać sobie sprawę
hate nienawidzić recognise rozpoznawać
have mieć remember pamiętać
hear słyszeć want chcieć
know wiedzieć, znać wish pragnąć, życzyć
like lubić suppose przypuszczać
love kochać think uważać, że
mean znaczyć understand rozumieć
10
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski:
1 Betty słucha teraz radia.

2 Dzieci nie bawią się w tej chwili, one śpią.
3 Czy John przygotowuje się do egzaminów teraz?
4 Dlaczego nie odrabiasz lekcji?
5 Moi rodzice piją herbatę w tej chwili.
6 Mr Cox maluje teraz swój dom.
7 Moi sąsiedzi odpoczywają w tej chwili w ogrodzie.
8 Tom pisze teraz list do Anny.
9 Uczniowie siedzą teraz w klasie.
10 Nauczyciel stoi przed tablicą i mówi do uczniów.
11 Gdzie oni teraz idą?
12 Kto puka do drzwi?
13 Ojciec naprawia teraz samochód.
14 Mama sprząta teraz pokój dzieci.
15 Sekretarka pisze list na maszynie.
16 Czytam teraz bardzo interesującą powieść.
17 Co ona teraz robi? Ogląda film.
18 Jadę w góry w przyszłym tygodniu.
19 Idziemy dzisiaj do kina.
20 Właśnie myślę o twojej propozycji.
21 Spójrz na tego chłopca. On bije psa.
22 Nie wchodź tam. Oni kłócą się.
23 Mamy teraz lekcję języka rosyjskiego.
24 Robert wrzuca list do skrzynki.
25 Obecnie budujemy wiele nowych sklepów w naszym mieście.
26 Czego słuchacie?
27 Nie przeszkadzajmy Annie. Ona pisze list na maszynie.
28 Piotr pomaga teraz swojemu bratu rozwiązać trudne zadanie.
29 O czym rozmawiacie?
30 Dlaczego nie tańczycie?
2 Do każdego zdania ułóż pytanie i przeczenie:
1 The English lesson is finishing now.

2 We are staying with our aunt.
3 Chris is running very fast.
4 Father is working in the garden now.
5 She is smiling at you.
6 Grandmother is preparing a meal.
7 I am writing a letter to my friend.
8 They are building a new cinema in our district.
9 The artist is painting a picture.
10 The housewife is cleaning the carpet.
11 John is leaving us on Saturday.
12 We are playing chess at the moment.
13 The doctor is examining Betty 's throat.
14 The boss is talking to his new secretary.
15 We are having breakfast now.
3 Czasowniki podane w nawiasach wyraź w czasie Present Continuous:
1 Mr Smith (teach) his son to ride a horse now.

2 Why (you not wear) dark glasses today? It is so sunny.
3 Ladies and gentlemen our plane (fly) at the altitude of 10.000 metres.
4 "What (Tom do) now?" "He (help) his younger brother."
5 Mother (mend) Betty's skirt.
6 "Why (you move) the furniture to your study?" "It is because they (paint) our living room
tomorrow."
7 It is a very nice morning. The sun (shine), the children (play) and we (have) our morning tea.
8 Nigel (always ring) after 10 p.m. and (ask) stupid questions.
9 "Where is Paul?" "He (work) in his study at the moment."
10 May I borrow your computer or (you use) it today?
11 "Susan, what (you do) this evening?" "Nothing particular."
12 We (go) to the theatre. Would you like to go with us?
13 Look, someone (wave) to us.
14 I (have) my breakfast at 7.00 because I (catch) an early train.
15 Why (you drive) so fast?
16 The kids are suspiciously quiet. You had better go and see what they (do).
17 My grandfather (look) for his umbrella.
18 We (not go) out as it (rain) heavily and the wind (blow).
19 Look! Someone (take) our dog.
20 "What (you do) in my room?" "I (look) for my notebook."
21 I (leave) very early tomorrow, that is why I (pack) my things now.
22 "What (Chris do) there ?" "He (probably wait) for someone."
23 We (have) a party this evening, that is why we (bring) all the chairs here.
24 Professor Watson (give) his lecture next Thursday.
25 I (take) my children to the zoo tomorrow.
26 Diego Maradona (play) for our team this season.
27 I (meet) my nephew at the airport on Saturday.
28 Uncle Fred (visit) us today.
29 Where (the Woodles go) for their holidays this year?
30 I (have) lunch with my boss tomorrow.
31 Sue's grandparents (celebrate) their golden wedding next week.
32 We (return) to school the day after tomorrow.
33 Vienna Visions (open) another new branch in Barcelona next August.
34 We (move) into our new flat soon.
35 I (give) up sailing this summer.
36 Tom and Anna (get) married in February.
37 My parents (send) me to Argentina this month.
38 I (play) chess with Igor tomorrow.
39 They (build) a new hospital here.
40 The shop (close) down next Saturday.
41 I (collect) my suit from the dry cleaner's tomorrow.
12
42 We (go) to Greece for our summer holidays.
43 What (you talk) about?
44 "What (you do) tonight?" 'We (eat) out."
45 The conference (take) place in Uruguay.
4 Uzupełnij zdania wstawiając odpowiedni czasownik w formę czasu Present Continuous:
boil iron drive ride do play

repair watch take read go make
1 The tea is going to be ready soon. The water in the kettle

2 It won't be long. I still my shirt.
3 Don't switch the W off! I the film.
4 United against Real Madrid tomorrow. It is going to be the game of the year.
5 The kids terrible noise upstairs. Go and see what they there.
6 I (not) my car as the mechanic it today.
7 David his bicycle at the moment.
8 I cannot lend you the book. I still it.
9 We to Cordoba next week.
10 Why (you not) the medicine if you have a cold.
Present Simple
I work Do I work? I do not work Do I not work?

You work: Do you work? You do not work Do you not work?
He works Does he work? He does not work Does he not work?
She works Does she work? She does not work Does she not work?
It works Does it work? It does not work Does it not work?
We work Do we work? We do not work Do we not work?
You work Do you work? You do not work Do you not work?
They work Do they work? They do not work Do they not work?
do not - don't Do I not? - Don'tl?

does not - doesn't Does he not? - Doesn't he?
W III osobie liczby pojedynczej, do formy podstawowej dodajemy końcówkę -s lub -es.
Jeżeli ostatnią literą czasownika jest y poprzedzona spółgłoską to dodając końcówkę w 3
osobie liczby pojedynczej należy najpierw y zamienić na i, a następnie dodać końcówkę -es:
try - tries
cry - cries
13
W przypadku kiedy litera y poprzedzona jest samogłoską dodajemy tylko -s:
enjoy - enjoys
buy - buys
Czasu Present Simple używamy:
a) Wyrażając state, powtarzające się czynności lub trwałe stany:
My dog eats meat.

Mój pies jada mięso.
I play the piano.

Gram na pianinie, (potrafię to robić)
I know your sister very well.

Znam bardzo dobrze twoją siostrę.
b) z przysłówkami -always, seldom, sometimes, often, rarely, usually, every day (week,
year), twice a month (day, year):
We usually have breakfast at eight.

Zwykle jemy śniadanie o ósmej.
John seldom uses this room.

John rzadko korzysta z tego pokoju.
c) mówiąc o prawach i regułach naukowych:
Water freezes at the temperature below zero.

Woda zamarza w temperaturze niższej niż 0°.
d) komentując wydarzenia sportowe lub mówiąc o tym, co dzieje się obecnie na scenie
teatralnej:
Lineker passes the ball to Robson

Lineker podaje piłkę Robsonowi.
Robert enters the room and sees Laura there.

Robert wchodzi do pokoju i widzi tam Laurę.
e) mówiąc o czynności przyszłej, wynikającej z ustalonego rozkładu, planu:
The train arrives at 7:30.

Pociąg przyjeżdża o 7:30.
We leave London at 10:15.

Wyjeżdżamy z Londynu o 10:15.
14
f) kiedy występuje kilka, następujących jedna po drugiej czynności:
We arrive at the hotel at 7:30 and leave our things in the rooms. At 8:15 we go down
for breakfast and after that, at 9:00 go on a sight seeing tour.
Przyjeżdżamy do hotelu o 7:30 i zostawiamy rzeczy w pokojach. 08:15 schodzimy na
śniadanie, a potem, o 9:00 jedziemy na wycieczkę.
g) w odróżnieniu od czasu Present Continuous, użycie czasu Simple Present do wyrażenia

czynności przyszłej oznacza, że czynność ta nie została zaplanowana przez jej wykonawcę
lecz przez kogoś innego:
Paul takes the final exam on Friday.

Paul przystępuje do egzaminu końcowego w piątek, (tak ustalił egzaminujący)
h) z czasownikami zwykle nie występującymi w czasie Present Continuous (patrz str. 1 0 ) :
I like annimals.
Lubię zwierzęta.
1 Czasami kupujemy masło w tym sklepie.

2 Ja zwykle piję piwo po obiedzie.
3 Anna bardzo dobrze gra na skrzypcach.
4 Moja sekretarka zawsze przychodzi na czas.
5 My często korzystamy z kuchenki mikrofalowej.
6 Lubię herbatę, ale wolę kawę.
7 My zwykle jeździmy latem za granicę.
8 Woda wrze w temperaturze 100 °C.
9 Nienawidzę plotek.
10 Widzę, że mnie nie rozumiecie.
11 Młodzi ludzie bardzo lubiąegzotyczne podróże.
12 Zwykle idziemy spać o jedenastej.
13 Woda zmienia się w lód w temperaturze 0 °C.
14 Jeden dolar równa się stu centom.
15 Słońce wschodzi na wschodzie, a zachodzi na zachodzie.
16 Jestem pewien, że znacie odpowiedź na moje pytanie.
17 Moja żona wydaje dużo pieniędzy na ubrania.
18 Bill za mało myśli, a za dużo mówi.
19 Aktorzy występują w filmach i sztukach.
20 Słynni sportowcy zarabiają bardzo dużo pieniędzy.
21 Twój brat mówi bardzo szybko.
22 Znam wiele wierszy na pamięć.
23 Większość sklepów otwiera się o 9:00.
24 Nigdy nie spędzamy wakacji w górach.
25 Najczęściej jeździmy nad morze.
26 Jak często widujesz się ze swoim chłopakiem?
15
TI Obawiam się, że on ci nie wierzy.
28 Czy Bob zawsze tu przychodzi?
29 O której godzinie zwykle jecie śniadanie?
30 Nie lubię jazzu, ale uwielbiam muzykę poważną.
31 Ojciec rozpoczyna pracę o 9:00, a kończy ją o 17:00.
32 Mama nie chodzi na mecze piłki nożnej.
33 Mieszkania w Warszawie nie kosztują tyle co w Londynie.
34 Ananasy nie rosnąw naszym kraju.
35 Moi rodzice nie trzymają pieniędzy w prywatnym banku.
6 Czasowniki w nawiasach wyraź w formie czasu Present Simple:
1 I usually (go) to school on foot.

2 I never (buy) cigarettes for my father.
3 They usually (visit) us in the evening.
4 Bill (love) playing football.
5 It rarely (rain) in Africa.
6 It never (snow) in July here.
7 I (not speak) French at all.
8 Where (you usually spend) your winter holidays?
9 John normally (visit) us twice a week.
10 Sheila (not like) pop music at all.
11 Why (he always stay) at the same hotel whenever he (come) to Warsaw?
12 What time (the postman come)?
13 Peter (miss) my classes too often.
14 My son (want) another bicycle.
15 The Blacks (not own) this place.
16 My brother (not want) to be a lawyer. He (intend) to be a doctor.
17 This hotel (not belong) to the Rushdome chain.
18 We (not play) chess at night as a rule.
19 (you remember) Albert's phone number?
20 My cousin (collect) coins and stamps.
7 Każde zdanie rozpocznij zaimkiem he:
1 I live in London.
2 I work in Chelsea.
3 I get up at 7:30.
4 I brush my teeth.
5 I take a shower.
6 I have my coffee at 8:00.
7 I go to work by car.
8 I park the car in the street.
9 I work in the office.
10 I start work at 9:00.
11 I finish work at 6:00.
12 I have dinner at home.
16
13 I read an evening paper.
14 I watch TV for about two hours.
15 I feel tired and go to bed.
16 I spend too much money on gambling.
17 I rarely visit my relatives in Germany.
18 I wear a suit every day.
19 I do not like onion.
20 I try not to drive my car in the rush hour.
21 I always help my parents.
22 I think I am superstitious.
23 I very often forget the key.
24 I grow beautiful flowers in my garden.
25 I often make coffee but never drink it.
26 I do not carry heavy things.
27 I prefer a good book to a good film.
28 I ride a bike from time to time.
29 I rarely borrow money but always remember to give it back.
30 I often receive guests.
8 Odpowiedz na pytania:
1 Where do you come from?

2 Where do you live?
3 Where does your father work?
4 At what time do you usually have breakfast?
5 What does a doctor do?
6 Why do you always remind me about it?
7 How often do you have arguments with your younger sister?
8 What do you usually have for your breakfast?
9 What do you usually talk about with your parents?
10 What kind of music does your brother like?
11 Where do you usually spend your winter holidays?
12 What does your sister study?
13 What does your neighbour do for living?
14 How much do you pay for your flat?
15 How many English writers do you know?
16 Who do you share the room with?
17 Why do you want to visit Rome?
18 How often does your father shave?
19 Who teaches you English?
20 Who in your family washes up after dinner?
9 Do każdego zdania ułóż pytanie oraz przeczenie:
1 He loves Mary.
2 Mary loves him.
17
3 You look beautiful.
4 She talks too much.
5 My parents belong to the Conservative Party.
6 They live at the seaside.
7 You often forget to pay for your meal.
8 She always comes on time.
9 They pick grapes in August.
10 In summer the sun rises early.
11 She believes me.
12 I remember his telephone number.
13 She knows the truth.
14 We visit Cracow twice a year.
15 Susan borrows money from her friends.
16 Your father works very hard.
17 He drives very carefully.
18 They trust you.
19 His cousins run this place.
20 We share the expenses.
21 She generally agrees with me.
22 I swim three times a week.
23 We play bridge on Fridays and Saturdays.
24 I shave each morning.
25 We make use of it.
26 I share the room with Max.
27 They sell fish here.
28 My grandfather usually walks the dog.
29 Henry's girlfriend cooks very well.
30 His uncle often gives him a present.
10 Do każdego zdania ułóż pytanie według podanego niżej w
He knows my cousin, (his sister)

Does his sister know my cousin, too?
1 John plays the violin, (his sister)

2 I speak Russian, (your wife)
3 Ann hates getting up early, (her husband)
4 He doesn't know how to do it. (you)
5 They usually have tea for breakfast, (you)
6 It often rains in England, (your country)
7 We need some help from our parents, (you)
8 You play tennis very well, (your wife)
9 Your son makes a lot of mistakes, (your daughter)
10 Your mother comes from Hungary, (your father)
11 They visit you regularly, (you)
12 My father earns much more than my mother, (your father)
13 We intend to visit Milan this summer, (you)
18
it vve Miuw uie nyni answei. yit;;
15 You prefer to write with a pen. (your sister)
11 Wybierz właściwą formę czasowników w nawiasach:
1 They usually (come, comes) back at six.

2 He (do not feel, does not feel) well.
3 Where (do you want, does you want) to celebrate your birthday?
4 He (speaks, speak) three foreign languages.
5 The show (start, starts) at six.
6 Christmas (is, are) in December.
7 School (finish, finishes) in June.
8 My nephew (live, lives) in Uruguay.
9 My father never (has, have) eggs for breakfast.
10 He always (kisses, kiss) his wife when he (comes, come) from work.
11 Bus drivers in our country (work, works) forty hours a week.
12 I (need, needs) new headphones badly.
13 Betty often (take, takes) care of her younger sister.
14 We often (invite, invites) guests to our house.
15 Our kids (do not eat, does not eat) too many cakes.
16 Fishermen (catches, catch) fish.
17 I (does not, do not) remember his name.
18 (Do you , Does you) live in a big city?
19 He (washes, wash) his shirts himself.
20 We normally (do not watch , does not watch) films in the morning.
21 They (treat, treats) us badly.
22 This engine (makes, make) a lot of noise.
23 The Vistula (flow, flows) through Poland.
24 The butcher (sell, sells) meat.
25 I (play, plays) in this tournament each year but I never (wins, win) anything.
26 This plant (grow, grows) only in South America.
27 My uncle (smoke, smokes) about twenty cigarettes a day.
28 Leaves (falls, fall) in autumn.
29 We (have, has) our books printed in Warsaw and then (distribute , distributes) them all
over Poland.
30 Father usually (read , reads) an evening paper after dinner.
12 Ułóż pytania w trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej, pytająco podkreśloną część zdania:
przykład: I live in Manchester.

Where does your brother live?
1 I get up at seven.
2 I drive a Japanese car.
3 I go to the cinema once a week.
4 I earn $2.000 a month.
5 I read novels.
19
6 I drink four cups of coffee a day.
7 I go to Brighton for my holidays.
8 I like classical music.
9 I go to church on Sundays.
10 I visit mv parents twice a week.
11 I travel by air.
12 I have three jackets.
13 I shave in the morning.
14 I spend $200 a week.
15 I sleep upstairs.
Present Continuous / Present Simple
13 Do każdego zdania ułóż zdanie w czasie Present Simple według podanego wzoru:
They are singing a song now.

They usually sing a song.
1 They are cleaning the windows now.

2 She is baking cakes now.
3 He is working hard now.
4 She is driving her father's car now.
5 They are having their lunch in the garden now.
6 Tom is playing tennis now.
7 Chris is leaving early today.
8 John is helping his mother now.
9 They are getting off at South Kensington today.
10 Robert is looking after his younger brother now.
11 Ann is writing a long letter now.
12 John is looking for the keys now.
13 She is drinking coffee for breakfast this morning.
14 They are reading the evening papers now.
15 She is washing up at the moment.
16 Tim is driving too fast today.
17 Grandmother is having a rest after lunch.
18 Ralph is sweeping the floor now.
19 The housewife is carrying heavy bags.
20 We are going out this evening.
14 Używając słowa podanego w nawiasie, ułóż do każdego zdania, zdanie w czasie

Present Continuous według podanego wzoru:
He usually has lunch at home, (restaurant)

But today he is having lunch in a restaurant.
20
1 He usually listens to classical music. (folk music)
2 He usually drinks cold milk. (hot milk)
3 They usually sing Polish songs. (English song)
4 He usually dances with Sue. (Betty)
5 He usually drives a Honda. (Toyota)
6 They usually eat out in Italian restaurants. (Greek restaurant)
7 They usually watch American films. (Spanish film)
8 They usually pay in dollars. (pounds)
9 He usually uses a Korean computer. (Japanese computer)
10 He usually plays the piano. (the guitar)
11 They usually have fish for dinner. (pork)
12 He usually reads a paper. (novel)
13 She usually buys oranges. (bananas)
14 I usually sleep upstairs. (downstairs)
15 He usually finishes his work at seven. (eight)
16 I usually fly British Airways. (LOT)
17 Peter usually visits us in the evening. (morning)
18 I usually travel alone. (my wife)
19 We usually watch basketball matches. (football match)
20 I usually have boiled eggs in the morning. (fried eggs)
15 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiednie formy czasów Present Simple lub

Present Continuous:
1 She (go) to bed now.

2 They often (dance) together.
3 I (read) a book about England at the moment.
4 The Browns (have) breakfast at the moment.
5 He usually (ride) a bicycle after dinner.
6 Tom often (play) tennis.
7 I always (get) up at seven.
8 John (speak) English and Russian.
9 We (speak) English now.
10 Tom and Ann (dance) now.
11 John (swim) very well.
12 I (want) to be a doctor.
13 Paul usually (go) to work by car.
14 He (go) to work by bus now.
15 Mother usually (cook) dinner for us.
16 Roger (live) in London.
17 I (stay) at my aunt's at the moment.
18 They (enjoy) themselves in Spain now.
19 Jane usually (cry) when she hears bad news.
20 I cannot hear anything because the boys (talk) very loudly.
21
16 Do każdego zdania oznajmującego ułóż w odpowiednim czasie Present Simple
lub Present Continuous pytanie według podanego niżej wzoru:
Paul spends his holidays in France.

Doesn't his sister spend her holidays in France as well?
Paul is working in the garden now.

isn't his sister working in the garden as well?
1 Paul belongs to our local library.

2 Paul drinks tea for breakfast.
3 Paul is building another house.
4 Paul loves classical music.
5 Paul is learning to dance.
6 Paul walks his dog three times a day.
7 Paul is watching a film now.
8 Paul is cleaning the windows.
9 Paul usually goes to work on foot.
10 Paul collects stamps.
11 Paul gives very good parties.
12 Paul is riding a bicycle now.
13 Paul is leaving on Friday.
14 Paul finishes work at six.
15 Paul likes watching television.
16 Paul works for Benetton.
17 Paul needs some help from us.
18 Paul is waving to us.
19 Paul drives an Audi.
20 Paul is mowing the lawn.
17 Czasowniki w nawiasach wyraź w formie czasu Present Simple lub

Present Continuous:
1 I (think) she (know) everything about your past.

2 I (just smell) the lilies of the valley, (they not smell) wonderful?
3 The houses in our city (get) more and more expensive.
4 I (not hear) the teacher. You (talk) too loudly.
5 You cannot talk to Jane now. She (take) a shower at the moment.
6 We usually (watch) TV in the evening but this evening we (play) bridge.
7 You (speak) so quickly now that I (not understand) you.
8 Hardly anyone (drive) a Rolls-Royce.
9 Why (you wear) the sunglasses when it is so cloudly?
10 "How much money (we owe) you?" 'You (owe) me $100".
11 He never (remember) to return books to the library on time.
12 "(you always use) your brother's car?" "No, I (only use) it today as mine is broken down."
13 "Who (knock) at the door?" "I am sure it is Miss Wyatt. I (think) she (want) to borrow
something from us."
14 What time (your train leave)?
22
15 I (go) to Mike's, (you wish) to go with me?
16 Why (he shout) at the children today? He (not do) it as a rule.
17 'What (you do)?" "I (look) for my notebook."
18 Whenever I (meet) Jarry he always (pretend) he (not see) me.
19 We (get) up at 8:00, then (catch) the train, (arrive) in Rome at 11:00 and then (go) on a
sightseeing tour.
20 Don't disturb Bill! He (sleep) at the moment. He always (sleep) between five and six.
21 Mr Blend (smoke) another cigarette now. I (think) he (smoke) too much.
22 "Who is the girl in the red Porsche?" "It is Miss Robson. She (write) political articles for
The Spectator. At present she (write) an article about the situation in Argentina."
23 It often (rain) in autumn but never (snow) in summer.
24 Listen! Someone (shout) at us.
25 He (earn) quite a lot of money, yet he often (come) and (say) he is short of it.
26 I (hope) they (think) about us.
27 I (not know) what you (talk) about.
28 "What (all these people do) here?" "They are famous scientists, who (come) from different
countries. They (discuss) the problem of AIDS."
29 If he (not be) home yet, it (mean) he (take) part in his party convention.
30 You are (be) very impolite today, David. I (think) you (deserve) punishment.
31 It (require) a lot of practice to achieve success in this field.
32 They usually (go) shopping in the morning.
33 What (make) you think so?
34 What (this sentence mean)?
35 Be quiet! I (listen) to the news.
36 How long (it take) to get from here to Blackburn?
37 What a smell! I (suppose) something (bum).
38 Who is the small boy who (tease) our dog?
39 I (see) my doctor tomorrow.
40 (you like) what he (do) now?
41 What he says (appear) to be a lie.
42 Look! These two cars (go) to run into each other.
43 My wife (say) she is tired of working with those people and she (seriously consider)
changing her job.
44 Their house (stand) on a hill overlooking the village.
45 Why on earth (he always ring) when I am fast asleep? I am fed up with it.
1 I (think, am thinking) they (talk, are talking) about us now.

2 John very seldom (drinks, is drinking) beer, that is why I am surprised he (drinks, is
drinking) it now.
3 I (want, am wanting) to win the match tomorrow, that is why I (work, am working) so
hard today.
4 We (do not go, are not going) to the cinema very often but we (go, are going) there
tonight as they (show, are showing) a really good film.
5 You (know, are knowing) my wife but I (do not know, are not knowing) yours.
6 John usually (has, is having) breakfast at eight but today he (has, is having) it at nine.
23
7 I (think, am thinking) she (resembles, is resembling) Sharon Stone.
8 I (see, am seeing) you (do not understand, are not understanding) me at all.
9 (Does John know, Is John knowing) what we (do, are doing) now?
10 Paul (reads, is reading) a lot. Now he (reads, is reading) a novel by Hailey.
11 'What (do you do, are you doing) at the moment?" "I (prepare, am preparing) a meal
for the kids".
12 I (hope, am hoping) Ann (remembers, is remembering) me.
13 Tom (loves, is loving) Rome. He (visits, is visiting) the city each year.
14 Brenda Mckay, who (works, is working) permanently for Daily News (works, is working)
for us temporarily.
15 My brother (employs, is employing) twenty five people.
1 "Czy znasz tę dziewczynę?" "Nie, widzę ją po raz pierwszy."

2 "Czy myślisz teraz o Stevie?" "Nie, nigdy o nim nie myślę."
3 "Czy mogę rozmawiać z Anną?" "Nie, nie ma jej teraz w domu. Ma teraz lekcje gry na
pianinie".
4 "Czy znasz tego człowieka?" "Tak, to pan Rossi." "Skąd on pochodzi?" "On pochodzi z
Włoch, jest dziennkarzem. Obecnie pisze artykuł o sytuacji politycznej w Polsce".
5 Dlaczego oni przychodzą zawsze, kiedy mam coś ważnego do zrobienia?
6 Nie wierzę, że Piotr ciężko teraz pracuje.
7 Nie rozumiem dlaczego Sue gra teraz w brydża. Przecież ona nigdy nie gra w karty.
8 Obecnie wiele młodych dziewcząt nosi krótkie spódniczki.
9 Czy czujesz się lepiej?
10 Kolor sukienki, którą nosi teraz Kate, nie pasuje jej.
11 Tom zawsze goli się rano, kiedy wstaje. Zastanawiam się, dlaczego nie robi tego teraz.
12 "Co robisz?" "Pakuję swoje rzeczy, ponieważ mój pociąg odjeżdża za dwie godziny."
13 Mark rzadko zmienia zdanie.
14 "He pieniędzy winien ci jest Richard?" 'Winien mi jest $300, ale widzę się z nim jutro i
dostaję swoje pieniądze z powrotem."
15 Mówisz tak cicho, że nie słyszę cię.
16 Mam nadzieję, że nie myślisz o tym poważnie.
17 Ojciec niesie namiot, co oznacza, że jedziemy jutro nad morze.
18 Kiedy pytam Piotra o zdrowie jego żony, nigdy mi nie odpowiada.
19 Jest to powieść o człowieku, który przybywa do Ameryki, zakłada własnąfirmę i po kilku
latach staje się zamożnym człowiekiem.
20 Chodźmy do domu, ponieważ robi się ciemno.
24
Past Simple
I I I
worked Did I work? did not work Did not work?
You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
He worked Did he work? He did not work Did he not work?
She worked Did she work? She did not work Did she not work?
It worked Did it work? It did not work Did It not work?
We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
did not - didn't Did I not? - Didn't I?
W przypadku czasowników regularnych formę Past Simple w zdaniu oznajmującym tworzymy

dodając do formy podstawowej czasownika końcówkę -ed lub -d (jeżeli czasownik kończy się
na e):
pick - picked ale live - lived

look - looked like - liked
Zasada podwojenia końcowej spółgłoski czasownika jest taka sama jak w przypadku dodawania
końcówki -ing (patrz str. 9)
Jeżeli ostatnią literą bezokolicznika jest litera y poprzedzona spółgłoską to przed dodaniem
końcówki -ed, y zmienia się w i:
cry - cried
try - tried
W przypadku, kiedy y poprzedzone jest samogłoską jedynie dodajemy końcówkę -ed:
enjoy - enjoyed
Jeżeli czasownik jest nieregularny, to w czasie Past Simple, w zdaniach oznajmujących używamy
jego II formy:
begin began begun

lose lost lost
W pytaniach i przeczeniach pojawia się operator did (forma przecząca did not), który sprawia,
że czasownik występuje tu w formie podstawowej. Wyjątkiem jest czasownik be, którego
II forma (was i were) występuje w zdaniach oznajmujących, pytaniach i przeczeniach.
Czasu Past Simple używamy:
a) mówiąc o czynnościach lub stanach nie mających już związku z teraźniejszością.
25
W zdaniach tego typu często pojawia się okolicznik czasu, określający moment wykonania
danej czynności:
We played tennis yesterday.

Graliśmy wczoraj w tenisa.
We lived in Beirut many years ago.

Wiele lat temu mieszkaliśmy w Bejrucie.
b) pytając o datę lub czas wykonania czynności przeszłej:
When did you see Paul?

Kiedy widziałeś Pawła?
What time did Jane leave the house?

0 której godzinie Jane wyszła z domu?
c) mówiąc o przyzwyczajeniach mających miejsce w przeszłości:
He always had coffee for breakfast.

On zawsze pijał kawę na śniadanie.
George smoked twenty cigarettes a day.

George palił dwadzieścia papierosów dziennie.
d) chcąc wyrazić czynność przeszłą w trybie dokonanym i niedokonanym:
1 watched that film before.

Obejrzałem ten film wcześniej.
lub
Oglądałem ten film wcześniej.
20 Podane zdania wyraź w czasie Past Simple:
1 I get up at 6:30.
2 They tum the radio on.
3 He loves her.
4 The child often cries.
5 They have a big dog.
6 He paints pictures.
7 Tom's father repairs cars.
8 I know the answer.
9 I remember where Jane lives.
10 I think you are right.
11 I belong to this library.
12 Who runs this place?
13 We meet quite often.
14 I pay by cheque.
26
15 You look beautiful.
16 I grow roses in my garden.
17 He sleeps soundly.
18 My father speaks Spanish and Italian.
19 He eats a lot.
20 They talk very loudly.
1 I watched the match alone.

2 Mickiewicz wrote a lot of poems.
3 We picked cherries in grandfather's orchard.
4 The sun set at 7:34 pm.
5 He called us yesterday.
6 I remembered that woman's face.
7 John helped our daughter a lot.
8 I got up at seven yesterday.
9 I saw Bill last Sunday.
10 I read the book many years ago.
11 He shaved yesterday.
12 My grandmother belonged to the Conservative Party.
13 I forgot Fiona's phone number.
14 They visited Rome in August.
15 He borrowed some money from my sister.
16 Mother prepared a meal for the kids.
17 We played badminton yesterday.
18 Paul played the violin at the concert yesterday.
19 They made those cars twenty years ago.
20 I found the purse on the floor.
21 John locked the door.
22 He remembered to leave the note.
23 Judie worked there for three years.
24 Nigel distributed the books.
25 The teacher gave us the right answer.
1 I was there yesterday.

2 John met me at the airport.
3 We bought that house in 1992.
4 We liked that film very much.
5 I wrote a letter to Peter an hour ago.
6 We played tennis yesterday.
7 We were in France last year.
8 He was absent on Friday.
9 Father rested after lunch.
10 Mother cooked dinner for all of us.
11 We talked about Sylvia a few minutes ago.
12 The driver drove very fast.
13 Betty danced with Robert at the party.
14 We went swimming after our classes.
15 We enjoyed our holidays in Sweden.
16 Paul drank milk for breakfast.
17 We went shopping at five.
18 I was at the conference three days ago.
19 Bob gave me flowers.
20 We received that parcel on Monday.
23 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Past Simple:
1 I (walk) the dog after dinner

2 The teacher (open) the window.
3 We (like) that play very much.
4 Betty (switch) off the light at eight.
5 We (dance) a lot at the party last Saturday.
6 I (talk) to your brother at the cinema the day before yesterday.
7 Peter (borrow) some money from me yesterday.
8 Mrs Francis (travel) a lot in her youth.
9 The children (play) in the garden after breakfast.
10 We (watch) an interesting film last night.
11 I (use) the typewriter only once.
12 The man (kiss) the woman.
13 They (close) the shop at six.
14 The Smiths (live) in London from 1985 to 1990.
15 Mr Wood (smoke) about ten cigarettes a day.
1 I (go) to Scotland four years ago.

2 Mr Falk (spend) his holiday in Portugal last year.
3 We first (meet) in 1994.
4 I (see) your brother at the theatre last week.
5 We (have) our lunch at two yesterday.
6 Paul (come) back from school at three.
7 He (do) his homework at five.
8 The Browns (buy) the house only two weeks ago.
9 John (be) absent from school for three days last week.
10 Peter (write) to us last month.
11 I (pay) $100 for my new dress.
12 They (make) the furniture last century.
13 We (get) up at seven.
14 We (take) our dirty clothes to the laundry yesterday.
15 She (wear) a very fashionable coat last spring.
28
25 Ułóż pytania, pytając o podkreśloną część zdania:
1 He arrived in New York in 1994.

2 You got a lovely present for Christmas.
3 Sue didn't eat because she had a toothache.
4 They watched that film last night.
5 He rang three times.
6 He spoke very carefully.
7 Fiona read three detective stories last month.
8 They talked about their plans.
9 John spent $50 on his new trousers.
10 He found the key under the table.
11 They listened attentivelvto the lecturer.
12 The Greens kept their money in Giro Bank.
13 Ann got up at eight yesterday.
14 Steve visited Rome three months ago.
15 He watched the play because he liked it.
16 She borrowed three books from our local library.
17 He went there twice a week.
18 She put the pen on the desk.
19 They borrowed the money because they needed it badly.
20 Mv best friend lived close to me.
21 His brother found a gold ring in the garden.
1 I (want) to talk to you about it last night.

2 I (thank) them for everything they (do) for me.
3 We (have) to wear uniforms when we (be) at school.
4 Warren (live) in that city for three and a half years.
5 Why (you not tell) me about everything when we (see) each other last week?
6 Someone (steal) Monika's car she (park) in front of the bank.
7 I (remember) to call you but (forget) your phone number.
8 We (sign) the agreement and (go) for a drink.
9 I (not study) German as I (not like) the language.
10 Our parents (not earn) too much either when they (begin) their careers.
11 The English lesson (finish) yesterday at 10:30.
12 I (not enjoy) the film because there (be) too much violence in it.
13 What (Adam say) when he (see) you crying yesterday?
14 They (close) the store ten minutes earlier last Friday.
15 That disaster (happen) in 1992.
16 I (not complete) my studies because I (take) up something else.
17 John (try) to persuade us but he (not succeed).
18 I (understand) almost everything as the lecturer (not speak) very fast.
19 I (be) so exhausted that I (can) hardly breathe.
20 I (have) a cold bath just after I (come) home.
21 We (receive) your letter three days ago.
22 Susan (not spend) all her money so it (be) possible for her to give some of it to her sister.
23 The police never (catch) the thief who (steal) the radio from my car.
24 Nigel (greet) us cheerfully when we (meet) last time.
25 How much (you pay) for the boat?
26 Tom (pretend) he (not see) us because most probably he (not feel) like talking to us.
27 The Browns (sell) their old house in 1991 and (move) into the new one in 1992.
28 Shakespeare (not write) novels, he (write) plays.
29 Garry (come) home, (unlock) the door, (enter) the house and (see) a paper lying on the
floor.
30 She (graduate) from Warsaw University in 1993 and a year later she (leave) Poland.
31 My son (be) bom in 1994.
32 Why (she buy) that funny hat? I suppose it (not be) her own idea. Someone (advise) her to
purchase it.
1 Zadali mi wiele pytań na zebraniu.

2 Po raz pierwszy usłyszałem tę piosenkę w San Remo.
3 Zapłaciliśmy prawie $30.000 za ten samochód.
4 Próbowałem się z tobą skontaktować wiele razy.
5 Kiedy Tom był w Stanach Zjednoczonych, pisywał do mnie bardzo często.
6 Alice płakała, kiedy dowiedziała się o tym wypadku.
7 Sue pracowała w biurze pana Wright'a zaledwie przez sześć tygodni.
8 Musiałam wstać bardzo wcześnie przedwczoraj.
9 Nie potrafiłem przetłumaczyć tamtego listu.
10 Nasza drużyna wygrała mecz w ubiegłą sobotę.
11 Znałem wielu pisarzy, kiedy pracowałem w wydawnictwie.
12 Pożyczyliśmy trochę pieniędzy od naszych sąsiadów w ubiegłym miesiącu.
13 Pan Rossi uczył nas włoskiego przez dwa lata.
14 Nie kupiła tamtej sukienki, ponieważ była za droga.
15 Dlaczego mu odmówiłaś, kiedy chciał z tobą zatańczyć?
16 Spaliśmy dobrze ostatniej nocy.
17 Nie przyjąłem propozycji pana Rogers'a, ponieważ miałem kilka lepszych.
18 Chociaż wstaliśmy wcześnie, spóźniliśmy się na pociąg.
19 Znalazłem ten pierścionek na plaży.
20 Dlaczego nie powiedziałaś mu o swoich planach kiedy cię o nie pytał?
21 Dr. Johnson dzwonił kilka razy, kiedy ciebie nie było.
22 Lekarze, którzy leczyli moją babcię, byli zadowoleni z wyniku operacji.
23 Kiedy byłem w szkole, znałem wiele wierszy na pamięć.
24 O której godzinie listonosz przyniósł ten list?
25 Dlaczego wybraliście najdłuższądrogę?
26 Posprzątałem pokój i wyprowadziłem psa.
27 Czy pożyczyliście mu tyle pieniędzy, ile chciał?
28 Wszyscy zaczęli się śmiać, kiedy usłyszeli mój dowcip.
29 Usiadł i poprosił o szklankę wody mineralnej.
30 Czy pomogłeś Tomowi, kiedy cię o to prosił.
31 Kto rzucił kamieniem w mojego psa?
30
32 Znalazłem tę starą maszynę do pisania w piwnicy mojego dziadka.
33 Położyłem obrączkę gdzieś w łazience.
34 Pytałem o drogę wielu ludzi, ale nikt nie potrafił mi pomóc.
35 Czy Paul był obecny wczoraj w szkole?
36 Kto nie wyłączył światła w łazience?
37 Płacili nam $50 dziennie, kiedy pracowaliśmy w Lexico.
38 Dlaczego tak wcześnie się ożeniłeś, Chris?
39 Nie byłem w stanie płynąć dłużej.
40 Kiedy przyjechałeś tu po raz pierwszy?
41 Jaki prezent dałeś swojej dziewczynie na jej urodziny?
42 Ile kwiatów dostałaś wczoraj od Patryka?
43 Czy powiedziałeś mu o naszych zamiarach?
44 Wysłaliśmy panu książeczkę czekową dwa dni temu.
45 Gdzie i kiedy otrzymał pan te zdjęcia?
Past Continuous
I I I
was working Was working? was not working Was I not working?
You were working Were you working? You were not working Were you not working?
He was working Was he working? He was not working Was he not working?
She was working Was she working? She was not working Was she not working?
It was working Was it working? It was not working Was it not working ?
We were working Were we working? We were not working Were we not working?
You were working Were you working? You were not working Were you not working?
They were working Were they working? They were not working Were they not working?
was not - wasn't Was not? - Wasn't I?

were not - weren't Were you not? Weren't you?
Czas Past Continuous tworzymy, odmieniając be w czasie przeszłym (was lub were) i dodając
końcówkę -ing do czasownika.
Zdania w tym czasie nie mówią nam, czy wykonywanie czynności doprowadziło do
zamierzonego skutku i tłumaczone są w trybie niedokonanym.
Zasady dodawania końcówki -ing (patrz str.9)
Czasu Past Continuous używamy:
a) chcąc wyrazić czynność, która wykonywana była w przeszłości w sposób ciągły:
Kate was sleeping all morning.

Kate spała przez cały poranek.
The children were playing in the garden all afternoon.

Dzieci bawiły się w ogrodzie przez całe popołudnie.
31
b) chcąc wyrazić czynność przeszłą odbywającą się w momencie wystąpienia innej czynności;
czynność wyrażona w Past Continuous rozpoczęta została wcześniej i prawdopodobnie
jeszcze trwała po zakończeniu tej drugiej (wyrażonej w Past Simple):
I was driving my car when I saw my sister-in-law.

Prowadziłem samochód, kiedy zobaczyłem moją szwagierkę.
When I entered the bedroom my wife was still sleeping.

Kiedy wszedłem do sypialni, moja żona jeszcze spała.
c) chcąc wyrazić dwie, równocześnie odbywane czynności przeszłe:
While I was mending the roof my father was working in the garden.
Podczas kiedy naprawiałem dach, mój ojciec pracował w ogrodzie.
You were talking while I was trying to explain it to you.

Rozmawialiście, kiedy starałem sie wam to wyjaśnić.
d) wyrażając czynność, która się powtarzała denerwując nas:
When we went to the disco my boyfriend was always dancing with other girls.
Kiedy szliśmy na dyskotekę, mój chłopak zawsze tańczył z innymi dziewczętami.
John was often calling us after midnight.

John często dzwonił do nas po północy.
e) wyrażając czynność, która odbywała się w określonym momencie w przeszłości

(akurat wtedy):
Yesterday, at two I was having lunch with Boris.

Wczoraj o drugiej jadłem obiad z Borysem.
We were waiting for you at the airport at 11:30.

Czekaliśmy na was na lotnisku o 11:30.
28 Do każdego zdania wyrażonego w Past Continuous ułóż pytanie i przeczenie:
1 I was wondering who was living here.

2 I was listening to music when I heard the door bell.
3 Jane was having breakfast when the postman came.
4 She was wearing jeans when I saw her.
5 Paul was reading a book all afternoon.
6 Peter was waiting for Tom when it started to rain.
7 Clara was getting off the bus when she suddenly fell down.
8 Mother was mending our clothes all evening.
9 The Millers were travelling for six hours yesterday.
10 When Mr Johnson was driving his car he saw the accident.
11 Sharon and Ronald were talking to each other when I entered the room.
32
12 Pete was telling us jokes all the time during the party.
13 Yesterday, at six Jane was having dinner with me.
14 The singer was singing a beautiful song.
15 They were watching TV when I arrived.
29 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Past Continuous:
1 My grandfather (work) in the garden when I came back.

2 While I (watch) TV the telephone rang.
3 The milkman came while I (have) breakfast.
4 They (dance) when I came in.
5 While I (take) a shower someone knocked at the bathroom door.
6 I fell down while I (run).
7 What (you read) when the light went out?
8 I (drive) my car when it suddenly stopped.
9 It (rain) all day on Tuesday.
10 Jonathan (work) for Mr Justi when I first met him.
11 The two men (fight) when the police arrived.
12 Sue (sleep) when we returned home.
13 We (wait) for you all day yesterday.
14 What (they do) when you saw them?
15 We (not watch) the film while you (work).
16 While the kids (play) their parents (have) lunch.
17 I (drive) the car while my wife (sleep).
18 What (you do) at six yesterday?
19 Jane (not play) the piano while I (watch) the tennis match.
20 Two hours ago we (swim).
21 We (solve) the problem when the teacher entered the classroom.
22 While my mother (prepare) a meal my father (read) a paper.
23 The TV programme began while I (have) my coffee.
24 We (talk) all the time during breakfast.
25 Paul (still work) when we returned from school.
26 I (wonder) what you (do) at 9:30 yesterday.
27 While I (work) hard you (take) a rest.
28 We could see hardly anything as it (rain) heavily.
29 As a matter of fact my wife and I (talk) about you the other day.
30 I fell off the ladder as I (climb) it.
1 Pan Rimmer mieszkał w bardzo małym mieszkaniu, kiedy go poznałem.

2 Spałeś, kiedy rozmawialiśmy o tobie.
3 Anna szukała pracy, kiedy się poznaliśmy.
4 Ostatnim razem przebywaliśmy u ciebie przez cały tydzień.
5 Właśnie podpisywaliśmy kontrakt, kiedy John wstał i opuścił pokój.
6 Kiedy zastanawiałem się co dać mojemu bratu na urodziny, on wszedł.
7 Wczoraj o trzeciej jadłem w restauracji obiad z moją narzeczoną.
8 Wczoraj na zebraniu omawialiśmy problem bezrobocia w naszym mieście.
9 Po śniadaniu pracowałem w ogrodzie przez kilka godzin.
10 Wybierałam w sklepie nowy kapelusz, kiedy weszła pani Cranshaw.
11 Jakiego koloru sukienkę nosiła Rachel, kiedy ją wczoraj widziałaś?
12 Grali jeszcze w karty, kiedy wróciliśmy z opery.
13 Robert pokazywał mi swoją kolekcję znaczków, kiedy usłyszeliśmy pukanie do drzwi.
14 Podczas kiedy bawiliście się na plaży, ja opiekowałam się waszym bratem.
15 Nie zrozumiałem, o czym mówił wykładowca.
16 Kiedy wzywałem pogotowie, przyjechała policja.
17 Zwiedzaliśmy katedrę, kiedy czekaliście na nasz telefon.
18 Robiło się ciemno, kiedy zdecydowaliśmy się wracać do hotelu.
19 Kiedy bagażowy pchał wózek, jedna z walizek spadła.
20 Kiedy włamywacz opuszczał mieszkanie pana Ramsey'a, policja złapała go.
Past Simple / Past Continuous
1 While we (talked , were talking) we (heard , were hearing) other people's voices.
2 While I (walked , was walking) they (followed, were following) me.
3 When my father (dug, was digging) the garden he (found , was finding) that ring.
4 As I (took, was taking) a shower the hot water (stopped, was stopping) running.
5 I (didn't enjoy, wasn't enjoying) playing cards with Brian as he (cheated , was cheating).
6 Some man (looked, was looking) at you while you (counted , were counting) the money.
7 I (dropped , was dropping) the bottle while I (watered , was watering) the flowers.
8 I (tried , was trying) to covince him all the time but I (didn't succeed , wasn't succeeding).
9 The police (noticed , were noticing) the burglar as he (climb, was climbing) the fence.
10 While I (shaved, was shaving) my wife (prepared , was preparing) breakfast.
11 I (looked , was looking) for the key and finally (found , was finding) it on the carpet.
12 The secretary (dropped, was dropping) a sheet of paper while she (carried, was carrying)
a pile of documents.
13 I (didn't recognise, wasn't recognising) Trevor when I (saw, was seeing) him in the street
one day.
14 We (thought, were thinking) of buying another property but eventually (gave, were
giving) up that idea.
15 I (broke, was breaking) my leg while I (played , was playing) football.
32 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasów Past Simple lub Past Continuous:
1 When I (enter) the classroom the teacher (explain) that rule to the pupils.
2 We (play) bridge when the light suddenly (go) out.
3 When I finally (arrive) Susan and Tom (just leave) so I (not have) much time to talk to
them.
34
4 I (shave) when I (hear) that news on the radio.
5 I (not recognise) Sue as she (wear) dark glasses,
6 We (still pack) our things when the taxi (come).
7 I suddenly (realise) I (use) someone else's pen.
8 While I (have) a cold bath my sister (dry) her hair.
9 While I (drill) my wife (use) the vacuum cleaner, that is why we (not hear) the telephone
ringing.
10 I (unlock) the door when I (hear) a strange noise coming from the kitchen.
11 He (drive) his car at 150 kilometres per hour when the police (stop) him.
12 When I (come) home my parents (be) very busy. My mother (bake) cakes and my father
(trim) the hedge.
13 While we (dance) we (talk) about our youth.
14 When I (look) out of the window I (see) Mr Hurd, who (park) the car.
15 Our teacher never (shout) at us unless we (make) him very angry.
16 When I (see) Richard he (stand) in front of the bank.
17 "When I (go) into my grandmother's room she (knit) a pullover."" (you like) it?"
"She had only begun knitting it so I could not say."
18 I (dry) the dishes when I (drop) that plate.
19 I (find) that necklace as I (play) on the beach. I (realise) it (belong) to Tom' mother
so I (give) it back to her.
20 They (still repair) my car when I (go) to the garage on Tuesday.
21 What (the pupils do) when the teacher (enter) the classroom?
22 When professor Sheridon (ask) Walter about his essay he (say) he (still work) on it.
23 My wife (wake) me up and (say) she (hear) some noises.
24 'Why (you throw) the newspaper away?" "I am sorry I (not know) you (still read) it."
25 Everyone (start) to laugh when they (hear) Andrew's joke.
26 I (use) to go to the cinema almost every second day when I (live) in Poznań.
27 We (play) basketball when it (start) to rain.
28 Andrew (wear) a green jacket when I (see) him at the party.
29 I (just think) about your cousin when he (call) me.
30 (it rain) when you (wake) up?
1 Moja kuzynka Nadia odwiedziła nas trzy dni temu.

2 Puszczaliśmy latawce, kiedy zaczęło padać.
3 Kiedy Robert wyjeżdżał, poprosił mnie o moje zdjęcie.
4 Nie słyszałem o czym mówił, ponieważ słuchałem radia.
5 Cierpliwie odpowiedział na wszystkie moje pytania.
6 Zgubiłem portfel, kiedy biegłem do biura.
7 Kiedy wieszałem zasłony, spadłem z krzesła.
8 Dlaczego wciąż walczyliście, kiedy przyjechała policja?
9 Kiedy zmywałem, upuściłem jednąz filiżanek.
10 Nie spaliśmy, kiedy wrócili rodzice.
11 Stałam w kolejce, kiedy tamten mężczyzna podszedł do mnie.
12 Woda wrzała, kiedy wszedłem do kuchni.
13 Nie miałem pojęcia, na kogo czeka moja córka.
14 Wczoraj, kiedy robiłem zakupy, spotkałem swojego starego przyjaciela.
35
15 Tańczyliśmy i śpiewaliśmy przez całą noc.
16 Wczoraj, między ósmą a dziewiątą bawiłem się z wnukiem w ogrodzie.
17 Co robiłeś, kiedy wszyscy byli na zebraniu?
18 Sekretarka tłumaczyła list, kiedy szef przyszedł do biura.
19 Myłam okna, kiedy zauważyłam samochód Piotra.
20 Przechodziłem przez jezdnię, kiedy przypomniało mi się, że mój brat oczekuje mnie
w banku.
Present Perfect
I I
I have worked Have worked? I have not worked Have not worked?
You have worked Have you worked? You have not worked Have you not worked?
He has worked Has he worked? He has not worked Has he not worked?
She has worked Has she worked? She has not worked Has she not worked?
It has worked Has it worked? It has not worked Has it not worked?
We have worked Have we worked? We have not worked Have we not worked?
You have worked Have you worked? You have not worked Have you not worked?
They have worked Have they worked? They have not worked Have they not worked?
I have - I've have not - haven't Have not- Haven't I?

He has - He's has not - hasn't Has he not - Hasnt he?
Czas ten tworzymy, odmieniając operator have lub has i używając formy imiesłowu biernego
(III forma czasownika).
W przypadku czasowników regularnych formę imiesłowu biernego tworzymy tak samo jak
formę Past Simple, dodając końcówkę -ed lub -d (patrz str. 25).
Jeżeli czasownik jest nieregularny, to w czasie Present Perfect używamy jego III formy:
begin began begun

lose lost lost
Present Perfect wyraża związek teraźniejszości z przeszłością która interesuje nas przez
swój związek z chwilą obecną. W odróżnieniu od Past Simple, nie jest rzeczą istotną, kiedy
dana czynność miała miejsce. Tłumacząc zdania wyrażone w tym czasie w języku polskim,
używamy zarówno czasu teraźniejszego, jak i przeszłego.
Czasu Present Perfect używamy:
a) do wyrażenia czynności, która miała miejsce w przeszłości, ale jej skutki widoczne są
teraz:
I have washed up the dishes.

Zmyłem naczynia, (sąteraz czyste)
36
have forgotten Tom's address.
Zapomniałem adres Tom'a. (wciąż nie pamiętam gdzie mieszka)
b) z przysłówkiem just, aby wyrazić właśnie zakończoną czynność:
Karen has just arrived.
Karen właśnie przyjechała, (jest teraz z nami)
Barbara has just brought the paper.

Barbara właśnie przyniosła gazetę, (gazeta leży teraz przed tobą)
c) chcąc wyrazić czynność, której czas wykonania nie jest określony:
I have visited Rome.

Odwiedziłem Rzym.
ale
I visited Romein 1994.
Odwiedziłem Rzym w 1994.
d) z przyimkami for i since do wyrażenia stanów, które swój początek miały w przeszłości i
wciąż jeszcze trwają w chwili mówienia:
I have known your brother since 1994.
Znam twojego brata od roku 1994. (poznali się w 1994r. i wciąż się znają)
I have been married for three years.

Jestem żonaty od trzech lat. (poślubiłem żonę przed trzema laty i wciąż jesteśmy
małżeństwem)
e) w zdaniach zawierających następujące okoliczniki czasu: today, this week, this month,
this year; w zdaniach tych zarówno wyrażona czynność, jak i czas jej wykonania stanowią
część teraźniejszości:
I have seen your husband today.

Widziałam dziś twojego męża.
We have been to London this year.

Byliśmy w tym roku w Londynie.
Należy pamiętać, że chcąc wyrazić w tego typu zdaniach brak ich związku z teraźniejszością
użyjemy Past Simple:
I talked to him this morning.

Rozmawiałem z nim dziś rano. (teraz jest wieczór)
I visited Italy this summer.

Tego lata odwiedziłem Włochy. (jest już jesień)
37
f) chcąc powiedzieć, że jakaś czynność lub stan od pewnego czasu nie miały miejsca
I have not been to Poland for three years.

Od trzech lat nie byłem w Polsce.
I have not seen Mr Cox since Monday.

Od poniedziałku nie widziałem pana Cox'a.
g) z przysłówkami lately i recently (ostatnio):
We have worked very hard recently.

Ostatnio bardzo ciężko pracowaliśmy.
Bob has been busy lately.

Bob jest ostatnio zajęty.
h) z przysłówkami already (już, w zdaniach oznajmujących) i yet (już, w pytaniach;

jeszcze nie, w przeczeniach):
He has already come.

On już przyszedł.
Has he come yet?

Czy on już przyszedł?
He hasn't come yet.

On jeszcze nie przyszedł.
i) z przysłówkami always i never, łącząc przeszłość z teraźniejszością:
I have always wanted to be a pilot.

Zawsze chciałem być pilotem, (wciąż chcę nim zostać)
She has never believed me.

Nigdy mi nie wierzyła, (wciąż mi nie ufa)
j) z okolicznikiem so far (dotąd, do tej pory):
i have saved $5000 so far.

Zaoszczędziłem do tej pory 5000 dolarów.
So far we have solved five problems.

Do tej pory rozwiązaliśmy pięć zadań.
k) mówiąc o czynnościach przeszłych, które mogą powtórzyć się w teraźniejszości:
Dusteen Lee has written a few very good novels.
Dusteen Lee napisał kilka bardzo dobrych powieści, (może napisać następne)
Gdyby pisarz ten już nie żył, należałoby użyć czasu Past Simple.
38
34 Do każdego zdania ułóż pytanie i przeczenie:
1 Bill has broken his arm.

2 They have already come.
3 My father has worked very hard recently.
4 I have already washed my hands.
5 We have visited that museum lately.
6 Paul's sister has already arrived.
7 John's father has bought his son a new bicycle.
8 I have already found the key.
9 She has lived here for fifteen years.
10 I have just written a long letter to my friend.
11 I have been to England recently.
12 The play has already begun.
13 Tom has won the cup.
14 They have just cleaned their room.
15 She has been there for three months.
16 I have known Linda since 1994.
17 David has saved $1000 so far.
18 We have just received your application.
19 James has opened the window.
20 Brenda has always enjoyed big parties.
35 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Present Perfect:
1 Take off your shoes, please. I (just wash) the floor.

2 The hot water (stop) running.
3 "(you hear) from Tom recently?" "No, I (not hear) from him since he went to Amsterdam."
4 (Betty arrive) yet?
5 (you water) the flowers yet?
6 How many cakes (you buy)?
7 I'm sorry but I (not finish) it yet.
8 (you ever be) to Brazil?
9 They (just announce) the news.
10 (you send) the letter to Mike yet?
11 Why (you not talk) to him yet?
12 (you ever drink) gin and tonic?
13 I (never meet) your sister-in-law.
14 Paul is not here. He (just go) out.
15 How long (he be) there?
16 Sue (be) in love with Jimmy since she met him in Belgium.
17 I (not see) Tim for three weeks.
18 "Why is he so tired" "Because he (work) hard recently."
19 We cannot get inside because someone (lock) the door and we haven't got the key.
20 Susan (eat) the whole bar of chocolate.
21 I (meet) your brother today.
22 The Smiths (phone) us this morning.
39
23 John takes very good pictures because he (read) a lot of books on photography.
24 Who (you buy) this beautiful dress for?
25 Why (you not call) them yet?
26 (she find) her purse yet?
27 Since when (you understand) Japanese?
28 I (never like) this sort of thing.
29 We will fly to Columbia as soon as we (buy) the tickets.
30 We (enjoy) ourselves very much today.
1 Właśnie przeczytałem twoje wypracowanie.

2 Betty nie posprzątała swojego pokoju.
3 Dzieci nie skończyły jeszcze śniadania.
4 Widziałem ostatnio bardzo interesującą sztukę.
5 Nigdy nie słyszałem tej piosenki.
6 Nie odebrałem jeszcze rzeczy z pralni.
7 Nauczyciel właśnie otworzył okno.
8 Czy już wypiłeś kawę?
9 Nigdy wcześniej tu nie byłem.
10 Diego nie wrócił jeszcze z Buenos Aires.
11 Widziałem dzisiaj twoją kuzynkę.
12 Moja żona wyprała moje spodnie i wyprasowała je.
13 Czy Linda już wyjechała?
14 Jak długo znasz pana Grey'a?
15 Pan Slim jest naszym szefem od pięciu lat.
16 Od kiedy Piotr jest nieobecny w szkole?
17 Piotr jest nieobecny w szkole od poniedziałku.
18 Państwo Rossi właśnie telefonowali do nas z Neapolu.
19 Zrobiliśmy już wszystko i możemy wracać do domu.
20 Obejrzałem ten film i muszę przyznać, że był nudny.
21 Nie byliśmy w teatrze od kilku miesięcy.
22 "Czy masz jakieś wiadomości od Marka?"
"Nie, nie pisał do mnie odkąd wyjechał do Rosji."
23 Nigdy nie podobały mi się bardzo szczupłe dziewczyny.
24 Czyjuż rozwiązaliście to zadanie?
25 Przepraszam, ale zapomniałem jak masz na imię.
26 Nie wygraliśmy niczego od dawna.
27 Jane nie otrzymała jeszcze odpowiedzi z ambasady.
28 Nie mogę w to uwierzyć. Tom nigdy nie jeździł szybko samochodem.
29 Czy kiedykolwiek widziałeś nosorożca?
30 Nikt jeszcze nie zdobył tego szczytu.
40
37 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Present Perfect:
aphy.
1 How long (you be) able to drive?

2 "Since when (you like) boxing?" "I (like) it since I started watching it on Eurosport."
3 He (be) in Chile for seven months.
4 I (not be) to Barcelona for six years.
5 Since when (you not use) this vacuum cleaner?
6 "Since when (she be) able to play the violin?" "She (be) able to play the violin since
her early childhood."
7 "Since when (you not eat) here?" "I (not eat) here since I found a cheaper place."
8 "How long (Bob work) for you?" "He (work) for me for three years."
9 "Since when (you not listen) to radio Gol?" "I (not listen) to it since Jim Besinger
stopped being their annoucer."
10 How long (you know) each other?
1 Nie miałem wypadku od 1992 r.

2 Nie miałem wypadku od czterech lat.
3 Nie oglądałem telewizji od dwóch dni.
4 Nie oglądałem telewizji od poniedziałku.
5 Jesteśmy małżeństwem od trzech lat.
6 Jesteśmy małżeństwem od 1992 r.
7 Bardzo się zmieniłeś, odkąd widziałem cię po raz ostatni.
8 Jak długo znasz pana Wright'a?
9 Od kiedy wiesz o tym?
10 Nie byłem w kinie od kilku tygodni.
11 Nie byłem w kinie, odkąd zmieniłem pracę.
12 Podatki mocno wzrosły od początku lat 90-tych.
13 Nie padało, odkąd tu przyjechaliśmy.
14 Coraz mniej ludzi przychodzi na mecze, odkąd ceny biletów poszły w górę.
15 Produkcja naszych samochodów wzrosła, odkąd zaczęliśmy sprzedawać je do Hiszpanii.
16 Mój ojciec nie pali od kilku miesięcy.
17 Pani Young musi pracować w dwóch miejscach, odkąd zmarł jej mąż.
18 Nie jestem w stanie pomagać moim dzieciom, odkąd straciłam pracę.
19 Pan Gonzalez jest naszym nauczycielem hiszpańskiego od czterech lat.
20 Pan Gonzalez jest naszym nauczycielem hiszpańskiego od 1990 r.
41
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been working Have I been working? I have not been working Have I not been working?
You have been working Have you been working? You have not been working Have you not been working?
He has been working Has she been working? He has not been working Has she not been working?
She has been working Has he been working? She has not been working Has he not been working?
It has been working Has it been working? It has not been working Has it not been working?
We have been working Have we been working? We have not been working Have we not been working?
You have been working Have you been working? You have not been working Have you not been working?
They have been working Have they been working? They have not been working Have they not been working?
have not = haven't Have I not?-Haven't I?

has not = hasn't Has he not? - Hasn't he?
Czas ten tworzymy, odmieniając operator have lub has, używając formy been i dodając
końcówkę -ing do czasownika.
Czasu Present Perfect Continuous używamy:
a) chcąc wyrazić czynność rozpoczętą w przeszłości i wciąż trwającą:
Jane has been sleeping for two hours.

Jane śpi od dwóch godzin.
We have been travelling for five hours now.

Podróżujemy od pięciu godzin.
b) kiedy wydaje nam się, że wykonywanie czynności zostało dopiero co zakończone,

ponieważ widoczne są tego skutki:
Someone has been using my towel.

Ktoś korzystał z mojego ręcznika, (jest mokry)
Father has been working too hard.

Ojciec zbyt ciężko pracował, (jest teraz zmęczony)
c) istnieje pewna gmpa czasowników, które w czasie Present Perfect Continuous nie występują
(patrz str. 10).
Porównanie Present Perfect i Present Perfect Continuous
a) używając czasu Present Perfect Continuous, stwierdzamy przede wszystkim fakt, że

czynność jest lub była wykonywana; używając czasu Present Perfect zwracamy uwagę
na skutki jej wykonania widoczne w chwili mówienia:
I have been saving money since October. So far I have saved $1000.
Odkładam pieniądze od października. Do tej pory odłożyłem $1000.
42
I have been reading this book for three days. So far I have read two hundred pages.
Czytam tę książkę od trzech dni. Do tej pory przeczytałem dwieście stron.
b) ν odniesieniu do właśnie zakończonej czynności, Present Perfect Continuous wyraża

czynność, która nie została przerwana i miała charakter ciągły. Nie używamy tego czasu,
mówiąc ile razy czynność ta była wykonywana lub podając ilość zrobionych lub
wykonanych rzeczy. W takich przypadkach używamy czasu Present Perfect:
John has been calling you since breakfast.

John dzwonił od śniadania.
John has called you six times since breakfast.

John dzwonił do ciebie sześć razy od śniadania.
w odniesieniu do czynności i stanów mających swój początek w przeszłości i trwających

nadal, pierwsze wyrażamy czasem Present Perfect Continuous, drugie Present Perfect:
She has been sleeping since ten.

Ona śpi od dziesiątej.
They have known each other for six years.

Znają się od sześciu lat.
W przypadku niektórych czasowników takich jak live, work możliwe jest użycie jednego i
drugiego czasu. Należy pamiętać, że czynności wyrażone czasem Present Perfect mają
charakter stały, a te wyrażone czasem Present Perfect Continuous - tymczasowy:
My father has been working since two o'clock.

Ojciec pracuje od godziny drugiej.
My father has worked for Mr Blake since 1982.

Ojciec pracuje dla pana Blake'a od 1982 r.
d) mówiąc o czynnościach właśnie zakończonych, Present Perfect Continuous stwierdza

jedynie fakt ich odbycia, natomiast Present Perfect wskazuje na zamierzone skutki
wykonania tych czynności:
I have been repairing my car.
Naprawiałem samochód. (tak spędziłem kilka ostatnich godzin)
I have repaired my car.

Naprawiłem samochód. (widoczny jest rezultat mojej pracy)
43
39 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Present Perfect Continuous lub
Present Perfect:
1 We (solve) mathematical problems for two hours. So far we (solve) six.

2 I (run) for ten minutes. So far I (cover) three kilometres.
3 You (work) too hard, Bob. That is why you are so tired.
4 Jane (eat) two bars of chocolate. She is not hungry anymore.
5 Jane (eat) chocolate. That is why her lips are brown.
6 "What (you do)?"
"I (paint) the windows."
"How many (you paint) so far?"
"I (paint) six."
7 I (wash) up. That is why my hands are wet.
8 She is crying because she (cut) onions for the last ten minutes.
9 I (read) this book for two days. So far I (read) three hundred pages.
10 I (write) this letter for about twenty minutes. So far I (write) three pages.
11 We (study) very hard this term.
12 I (hear) from him quite regularly since he left Poland.
13 Brian looks very sad. What (happen)?
14 My grandmother (be) in hospital for three weeks.
15 I (know) Peter for quite a long time but only recently I (find) out what a decent and
honest man he is.
16 I (use) this lawn-mower for seven years and so far it (never break) down.
17 I (work) in the garden for two hours, that's why everything is so tidy there.
18 I (work) in the garden for two hours, that's why I need a rest.
19 We (have) a lot of problems with our son since he went to school.
20 My wife (look) for an exciting and a very well-paid job. So far she (not find) one which
would meet her expectations.
1 Od dwudziestu lat uczę gry na pianinie, ale nigdy jeszcze nie spotkałem tak bardzo
utalentowanego dziecka.
2 Szukam tego czasopisma od dwudziestu minut, ale jeszcze go nie znalazłem.
3 "Czy Ania posprzątała już swój pokój?" "Nie, ona od dwudziestu minut bawi się z kotem."
4 "Jak długo słuchasz wiadomości?" "Słucham ich od dziesięciu minut."
5 Od kilku lat odkładamy pieniądze, ale do tej pory nie odłożyliśmy wystarczająco dużo, aby
kupić nowy dom.
6 Nikt nas jeszcze nie odwiedził, odkąd przyjechaliśmy do Londynu.
7 Policja nie złapała jeszcze złodzieja, którego poszukują od czterech dni.
8 Od pół godziny próbuję uruchomić silnik, ale do tej pory nie udało mi się to.
9 Opiekuję się młodszą siostrą odkąd rodzice poszli na zakupy.
10 Darek gra w naszej drużynie od trzech miesięcy. Do tej pory strzelił dziesięć goli.
11 Tańczą od godziny. Zastanawiam się, kiedy im się to znudzi.
12 Od pięciu lat piszę książki. Do tej pory wydałem dwie powieści i trzy nowele.
13 Olga piła mleko, dlatego jej usta są teraz białe.
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14 Zawsze podobali jej się przystojni mężczyźni.
15 Nie odezwał się słowem, odkąd wrócił ze szkoły.
16 Panie Brown, pani Goldstein oczekuje pana od kilku minut w recepcji.
17 Czy ktoś widział dzisiaj Mike'a?
18 Bob nie jest w najlepszym nastroju, ponieważ nie zdał egzaminu,
19 Pospiesz się! Taksówka właśnie przyjechała.
20 Bawicie się zbyt długo. Myślę, że powinniście iść spać.
Present Perfect / Past Simple
41 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Present Perfect lub Past Simple:
1 I (already do) my homework.

2 I (do) my homework yesterday.
3 I (just receive) a letter from Tom.
4 I (receive) a letter from Tom the day before yesterday.
5 John is not home. I think he (just leave).
6 John (leave) Spain two days ago.
7 I (work) for B&C for eleven years and I am very satisfied with my job.
8 I (work) for B&C for eleven years. Now I work in another place,
9 Our company (sell) three thousand cars this year.
10 Our company (sell) a few thousand cars between 1992-1993.
11 "(you ever be) to Rome?" "No, I (never be) there."
12 "When (you be) last in Rome" "I (be) there in 1994."
13 I (see) Bill when he was leaving the shop.
14 The mansion (belong) to our family for years.
15 Charles is a very handsome man. That is why Linda (be) in love with him ever since she
(meet) him.
16 When I (see) the Slims last time they (live) in Leeds.
17 Paul is giving up smoking. He (not smoke) for three weeks.
18 "When (they announce) that?" "They (announce) it five minutes ago."
19 (you ever taste) caviar?
20 I (read) a lot recently.
21 I (read) a lot when I (be) a student.
22 We often (smell) gas when we (live) in that old flat.
23 Here is your shirt. I (iron) it for you.
24 I (just finish) my composition.
25 I (finish) writing it a few minutes ago.
26 "(she take) the medicine yet?" 'Yes, she (take) it at seven o'clock."
27 The play (start) at 8:30 and (last) an hour and a half.
28 "( they deliver) the furniture yet?" "Yes, they (deliver) it yesterday."
29 Bolesław Prus (write) "Lalka".
30 I (just miss) my train. Now I will have to wait for the next one.
31 My uncle (come) to England in 1945. For almost forty years he (work) as a bus driver.
He (retire) in 1985.
45
32 "(you see) Joseph today?" 'Yes, I (see) him at four."
33 "Where do you think you (lose) your passport?" "I suppose I (lose) it on the bus going to
the airport."
34 "How (you like) the game on Saturday?" "I (enjoy) it very much especially from the
moment when Chelsea (be) two goals down."
35 Charles Dickens (write) "The Pickwick Papers".
36 Mr Lawson, who lives next door (write) "Love's Great Adventure".
37 "(you feed) the dog today?" "Yes, I (feed) him in the morning."
38 "When (you talk) to Bill?" "I (talk) to him after the match."
39 I (play) tennis for about three years. Then I (go) to Chicago (give) it up and (take) up
basketball. Now I (be) with my team for almost five seasons.
40 I (travel) a lot when I (be) at the University. In 1992 I (start) working for IPN and
(stop) travelling. I (not be) abroad ever since.
41 What countries (you visit) since you (come) to Europe?
42 "(Tom phone) you recently?" "No, he (not call) me since we (have) that argument."
43 "How long (your son be) unemployed?"
"He is not unemployed anymore."
"How long (it take) him to find a job?"
"It (take) him six months."
44 David (already tell) me about the adventures they (have) when they (be) in Panama.
45 "Are you still working on it?" 'Yes, but I (not do) too much recently as I (be) busy doing
other things."
42 Według podanego niżej przykładu każde zdanie wyraź w czasie Present Perfect, używając
przyimków for i since:
I last visited London on August 22.

I haven't visited London since August 22.
1 It's three years since I saw her.

2 It's twenty five years since I had an accident.
3 He was last here four years ago.
4 I last had a beer three days ago.
5 It's five years since we talked to each other.
6 I last heard from Tom in 1993.
7 It's almost two years since I bought a suit.
8 The Prime Minister last visited our town in 1991.
9 When I last saw your daughter she was ten.
10 I last had fish on Friday.
11 Professor Smith last gave a lecture in November.
12 We last stayed at the hotel in August.
13 I last went to a concert when I was a teenager.
14 They last mentioned professor Bull's name at the conference in Geneva.
15 Borg won his last tournament in 1982.
16 I last went to the mountains in 1992.
17 He last borrowed money from us a few years ago.
46
18The Rims last invited us a month ago.
19 Paul last wore that hat last winter.
20 I last went to the theatre five years ago.
21 Marko Van Dijk last wrote a novel in 1987.
22 Tom last gave me flowers in March.
23 We last won a game five weeks ago.
24 Betty last went to Wales in 1991.
25 I last bought a book two weeks ago.
1 Pojechaliśmy do Brighton w ubiegłym roku.

2 Ostatnio odwiedziliśmy dwie restauracje w naszym mieście.
3 Poinformował nas o tym kilka dni temu.
4 Mój ojciec pracował w tamtej firmie przez dwadzieścia pięć lat.
5 Pan Black był naszym nauczycielem przez trzy lata.
6 Mój brat ma problemy finansowe odkąd stracił pracę.
7 Samolot do Londynu właśnie wystartował.
8 Samolot do Londynu wystartował pół godziny temu.

9 Nasz poprzedni szef zarządzał naszą firmą przez dziesięć lat.
10 Skończyłem ten artykuł w ubiegłym tygodniu.
11 Skończyłem już ten artykuł i zamierzam pisać następny.
12 Papieża widziałem, kiedy byłem w Rzymie.
13 Czy pan Rush jeszcze nie opuścił hotelu?
14 Bjom Borg po raz pierwszy wygrał turniej w Londynie w 1976 r.
15 Po raz ostatni byłem w Wiedniu w 1994 r.
16 Nigdy nie byłem w Wiedniu. Jakie jest to miasto?
17 "Czy widziałeś się ze swoim lekarzem w tym tygodniu?" 'Tak, widziałem się z nim
we wtorek."
18 "Kiedy po raz ostatni pożyczałeś mu samochód?" "Mylisz się, on nigdy nie pożyczał
ode mnie samochodu."
19 "Jak długo należysz do tej biblioteki?" "Należę do niej odkąd zacząłem chodzić do szkoły."
20 Van Gogh namalował "Słoneczniki".
21 Mój szwagier, który jest artystą namalował bardzo oryginalny obraz.
22 Skomponowałem ten utwór, kiedy byłem bardzo młody.
23 Dlaczego nie graliście wczoraj w brydża?
24 Nic nie zrozumiałem z jego wczorajszego przemówienia, ponieważ nie znam
hiszpańskiego.
25 Kto widział wczoraj moją siostrę w teatrze?
26 Bardzo rzadko nas odwiedzał, chociaż mieszkał blisko nas.
27 Nigdy nie widziałem kogoś tak zarozumiałego.
28 Rachel nie mieszka w Jerozolimie, odkąd jej rodzice sprzedali dom.
29 Nie brałem kąpieli od dwóch dni.
30 Twój włoski poprawił się, odkąd pan Cabrini zaczął ciebie uczyć.
47
1 Spotkałem dzisiaj twoją siostrę.

2 Spotkałem twoją siostrę dzisiaj o jedenastej.
3 Czy widziałeś się w tym tygodniu ze swoim adwokatem?
4 Tak, widziałem się z nim we wtorek.
5 W tym roku odwiedziliśmy Włochy.
6 Odwiedziliśmy Włochy w sierpniu tego roku.
7 W tym miesiącu otrzymałem odpowiedź z ambasady Stanów Zjednoczonych.
8 W tym miesiącu, w ubiegłym tygodniu otrzymałem odpowiedź z ambasady Stanów
Zjednoczonych.
9 Tego lata było wiele słonecznych dni. (lato jeszcze trwa)
10 Tego lata było wiele słonecznych dni. (jest już jesień)
Past Perfect
I had worked Had I worked? I had not worked Had I not worked?
You had worked Had you worked? You had not worked Had you not worked?
He had worked Had he worked? He had not worked Had he not worked?
She had worked Had she worked? She had not worked Had she not worked?
It had worked Had it worked? It had not worked Had it not worked?
We had worked Had we worked? We had not worked Had we not worked?
You had worked Had you worked? You had not worked Had you not worked?
They had worked Had they worked? They had not worked Had they not worked?
I had - I'd had not - hadn't Had not- Hadn't l?
Czas ten tworzymy, odmieniając operator had i używając formy imiesłowu biernego,
(patrz str. 36)
Czasu Past Perfect używamy:
a) chcąc podkreślić uprzedniość jednej czynności przeszłej (lub stanu) do innej czynności
przeszłej (lub stanu):
George had studied hard before he became a doctor.

George wiele się uczył, zanim został lekarzem.
I remembered I had left the keys in the office.

Przypomniało mi się, że zostawiłem klucze w biurze.
b) chcąc wyrazić, że jakiś stan lub czynność rozpoczęte w przeszłości wciąż trwały w
momencie wystapienia innej, późniejszej czynności lub stanu:
48
When I met them in Paris they had already been married for seven years.
Kiedy spotkałem ich w Paryżu, byli już małżeństwem od siedmiu lat.
He had worked in Brazil for three years when I met him in Sao Paulo.
Kiedy spotkałem go w Sao Paulo, pracowałjuż w Brazylii od trzech lat.
W przypadku kiedy występuje sekwencja czynności przeszłych, wykonywanych jedna po

drugiej, w krótkich odstępach czasu, czynności te wyrażamy czasem Past Simple:
I came home, unlocked the door, came in and took off the coat.
Przyszedłem do domu, otworzyłem drzwi, wszedłem i zdjąłem płaszcz.
45 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Past Perfect:
1 They said they (invite) him three times.

2 We (know) each other for a year when we got mam'ed in 1993.
3 My father (work) very hard before he became rich.
4 Paul (be) a very good worker before he met that woman.
5 My mother told me that you (call) me several times the week before.
6 After I (spend) the money I had to borrow some from Alice.
7 I thanked him for the postcard he (send) to me from Portugal.
8 (he work) as a journalist before he took up writing novels?
9 What would you have done, if you (know) about it earlier?
10 Mr Simms had no idea where his wife (put) his corespondence.
11 The police, who (have) many problems with the football fans were very surprised
by the absence of violence during our last match.
12 I told him I (never meet) his wife before.
13 I (not study) French before I went to school.
14 John said he (never see) me playing so well before.
15 I didn't remember what time I (leave) the house.
16 By that time he (save) enough.
17 How long (Linda be) in New York before she got that job?
18 It was only when I left the airport that I realised I (leave) one of my suitcases
in the hall.
19 When I met John in 1991 he (already be) the head of the company for almost five years.
20 I wondered who (take) my umbrella.
21 My mother wanted to know how much money I (spend) in Italy in August.
22 (you be) to Italy before last year's trip?
23 How long (you know) each other before you got married?
24 If I (be) there I would have certainly helped you.
25 By that time we (already discuss) everything.
1 Nie mogłem tańczyć, ponieważ wcześniej złamałem nogę.

2 Betty nie przyszła wczoraj do szkoły, ponieważ wcześniej przeziębiła się.
49
3 Nie poszliśmy do kina we wtorek, ponieważ mój chłopak zapomniał kupić bilety.
4 Paul nie odwiózł mnie wczoraj do pracy, ponieważ sprzedał samochód.
5 Od kilku lat należałem do Partii Konserwatywnej, kiedy moja żona do niej wstąpiła.
6 Peter nie zdał egzaminu, ponieważ nie przygotował się do niego.
7 Czułem się bardzo zmęczony, ponieważ nie spałem poprzedniej nocy.
8 Nie kupiliśmy nowego samochodu, ponieważ wydaliśmy wszystkie pieniądze na dom.
9 Musiałem zostać w domu, ponieważ brat wziął moje klucze.
10 Nie wysłałem listu do Urzędu Skarbowego w ubiegłym tygodniu, ponieważ do
tego czasu jeszcze go nie napisałem.
11 Nie wierzyli mi, kiedy powiedziałem, że wygrałem dwadzieścia tysięcy dolarów.
12 Byliśmy pewni, że wcześniej poinformowałeś klientów o nowych godzinach otwarcia
naszego biura.
13 Nie poznałem wczoraj Alicji, ponieważ zmieniła fryzurę.
14 Wczoraj zmienili trenera, który pracował w naszym klubie przez pięć sezonów.
15 Kupiliśmy naszej córce psa kilka dni temu. Zawsze chciała mieć psa.
16 Przeanalizowaliśmy wszystkie warunki umowy zanim ją podpisaliśmy.
17 Jeździłem tamtym samochodem przez sześć lat, zanim go sprzedałem.
18 Zanim przyjechała policja, sprawca zbiegł z miejsca przestępstwa.
19 Kiedy przyszliśmy do teatru, przedstawienie już się zaczęło.
20 Kiedy wszedłem do gabinetu, stwierdziłem, że ktoś wziął dokumenty z biurka.
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been working Had I been working? I had not been working Had I not been working?
You had been working Had you been working? You had not been working Had you not been working?
He had been working Had he been working? He had not been working Had he not been working?
She had been working Had she been working? She had not been working Had she not been working?
It had been working Had it been working? It had not been working Had it not been working?
We had been working Had we been working? We had not been working Had you not been working?
You had been working Had you been working? You had not been working Had you not been working?
They had been working Had they been working? They had not been working Had they not been working?
I had-I'd had not - hadnt Had I not- Hadn't I?
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając had been i dodając końcówkę -ing do czasownika głównego.
Zasady dodawania końcówki -ing (patrz str. 9).
Czasu Past Perfect Continuous używamy:
a) mówiąc o czynności, która była wykonywana przed wystąpieniem innej czynności

lub wydarzenia w przeszłości:
She had been trying to open the door for almost half an hour before I helped her
Przez pół godziny próbowała otworzyć drzwi, zanim jej pomogłem.
50
I had been reading since nine o'clock and felt very sleepy afterwards.
Czytałem od godziny dziewiątej i zachciało mi się później spać.
47 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Past Perfect Continuous:
1 I didn't know what the lecture was about because he (talk) all the time.
2 Bob failed the final exam because he (watch) films instead of studying.
3 I (think) about it all day long before I made up my mind.
4 I was very tired in the morning because my neighbours (sing) all night long.
5 I (look) for the keys for almost half an hour before I found them.
6 We (wait) for our teacher for fifteen minutes before we decided to go home.
7 Before the competition we (work) very hard indeed.
8 When I entered the room I guessed someone (use) my electric typewriter as it was
switched on.
9 When I saw my father I understood he (mend) the car as his hands were greasy.
10 Jane said she (wash) up since eight.
11 I couldn't believe when I leamt she (drive) the car for eleven hours without stopping.
12 I couldn't find my favourite doll as my younger sister (play) with it before I came back
from school.
13 He (work) for more than three hours before the job was completed.
14 Tom realised we (discuss) his decision before he came in.
15 She felt more confident after she (speak) for a few minutes.
16 I was sure that my son (smoke) because the room was filled with cigarette smoke when
I entered it.
17 The police had evidence that Mr Prim (call) someone shortly before his sudden death.
18 Although our dog (miss) for only a few hours we gave up hope of finding him.
19 The painting I (work) on since January was ready in November.
20 Graham (write) numerous things for a year before they published his first novel.
1 Pracował bardzo ciężko tamtego dnia i dlatego był taki zmęczony, kiedy go spotkaliśmy.
2 Długo omawialiśmy tę kwestię, zanim zdecydowaliśmy się niczego nie zmieniać.
3 Miała brudne ręce, ponieważ bawiła się w piasku.
4 Spóźniłem się do pracy, ponieważ mój sąsiad do późnych godzin nocnych głośno
słuchał muzyki.
5 Od około piętnastu minut słuchałem muzyki, kiedy zadzwonił telefon.
6 Szedłem przez około piętnaście kilometrów, zanim zdecydowałem się usiąść.
7 Czytałem książkę od kilku minut, kiedy zgasło światło.
8 Cały dzień bawił się z psem i dopiero wieczorem odrobił pracę domową.
9 Graliśmy przez pół godziny, kiedy sędzia przerwał mecz.
10 Czytałem tę powieść przez cztery godziny, zanim ją odłożyłem.
11 Byli bardzo zdziwieni, kiedy powiedziałem, że tłumaczyłem ten list przez pięć minut.
12 Bill zapytał mnie, jak długo myślałem ojego propozycji.
13 Prowadziłem samochód prawie przez sześć godzin, zanim Robert zmienił mnie.
14 Byłem pewien, że ktoś korzystał z mojego parasola, ponieważ był mokry.
15 Matka musiała posprzątać pokój, w którym wcześniej bawiły się dzieci.
51
16 Wygrał turniej, ponieważ bardzo dużo trenował.
17 Byłem pewien, że dwaj mężczyźni idą za mną od jakiegoś czasu.
18 Zanim wydarzył się ten wypadek, od trzech dni padał śnieg.
19 Rita mieszkała z nami przez dwa tygodnie, zanim znalazła tamto mieszka - e
20 Zastanawiałem się nad tamtym problemem przez kilka dni, zanim znalazłe— -oz.'.iazanie.
Past Simple / Past Perfect
1 Nie miałam pojęcia, dlaczego Tom wyszedł tak wcześnie.

2 Już sprzedali swój dom, kiedy do nich zadzwoniliśmy.
3 Zapewnił mnie, że nie zrobił tego celowo.
4 Bardzo podobał mi się list, który Martina wysłała z Pragi.
5 Czy zarządzałeś inną firmą zanim zacząłeś pracować dla nas?
6 Betty powiedziała, że nie widziała moich notatek.
7 Bill nie mógł grać wczoraj, ponieważ złamał nogę.
8 Kiedy dowiedziałem się o ich problemach, zdecydowałem się im pomóc.
9 Kiedy poznałam mojego męża, on już ukończył universytet.
10 Ile miałeś wypadków, zanim zacząłeś jeździć ostrożnie?
11 Nie uczyłem się angielskiego, zanim przyjechałem do Londynu.
12 Powiedział, że jeszcze nie widział tak rozsądnego polityka.
13 Steve był bardzo dobrym studentem, zanim poznał swoją dziewczynę.
14 Musieliśmy zaoszczędzić $2000, zanim mogliśmy pojechać do Włoch.
15 Potwierdził, że nigdy tam wcześniej nie był.
16 Kiedy wyszedłem z biura, stwierdziłem, że ktoś ukradł mój samochód.
17 Brownowie byli już tam od kilku dni, kiedy przyjechaliśmy.
18 Nie wiedzieliśmy, że Roger i Mary rozwiedli się.
19 Wywietrzyła pokój, zanim weszliśmy do niego.
20 Wychowała trójkę dzieci, zanim zaczęła tu pracować.
Past Simple (Continuous) I Past Perfect (Continuous)
50 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiednią formę czasów Past S τ ple

(Continuous) lub Past Perfect (Continuous):
1 We (discuss) it almost for half an hour when Peter (come) and (say) that Juoe aready
refuse) to support our plan.
2 He (cannot) believe it when I (say) I (live) in Poland for twenty years and net see
Warsaw by then.
52
3 I had no idea what Fiona (do) since three o'clock.
4 While I (knit) my husband (work) in the garage.
5 I (knit) the pullover for a week when I (decide) to change the pattern.
6 George (carry) the suitcase for a few minutes when he (ask) me to give him a hand.
7 My teacher was disappointed when he (leam) that I (do) those exercises for two hours
and (manage) to do only six of them.
8 When I (come) home at seven I (find) out that the children (play) in the garden since four
o'clock and that my wife (not come) home from the office by then.
9 My wife asked me how long I (try) to change the bulb.
10 I (live) in Lisbon for ten years and then I (move) to Porto.
11 I (live) in Lisbon for ten years when you visited me for the first time.
12 I (live) in Lisbon when The Second World War broke out.
13 Tom and I (be) married for three years and a half when our first child was born.
14 When Grace (enter) the bathroom she (realise) someone (use) her towel because it
was wet.
15 The room was bright as my husband (paint) it white.
16 Kate looked very upset as she (fail) her final exam.
17 My mother (already iron) my shirt by the time I got back from school.
18 I (enter) the room, (open) the window, (look) out of it and (see) your car in the street.
19 The police (follow) him since the very moment they (start) to suspect him.
20 I soon (realise) how lucky I (be) to survive the crash.
21 Our uncle (return) from a business trip and (find) out that someone (break) into his house.
22 I wanted to talk to the bank manager but his secretary told me he (just go) out.
23 We (call) the suppliers to ask why the goods we (order) (not arrive) by Wednesday.
24 Eventually I (find) the answer to the problem I (work) on for several days.
25 We (decide) to continue producing the toy which (be) so popular among children for years.
26 I (play) much better I (expect).
27 We soon discovered we (not take) the right route.
28 Rachel admitted she (be) in love with him.
29 My grandfather (retire) at the age of sixty five after he (work) for nearly forty five years.
30 After they (not promote) her, Grace Wise (decide) to look for another job.
31 Since my old student identity card (expire) I (have) to apply for a new one.
32 After she (fail) the driving test, Beryl decided to give up driving lessons.
33 I (not have) to water the flowers as my father (do) it before.
34 We (cannot) spend last weekend in Vienna as my boss said he (want) to see me on
Saturday.
35 I (not be) able to read that text because I (not take) my glasses with me.
53
Future Simple
I wil/shall work Will/shall I work? I will/shall not work WŁsnal 1 not work?
You will/shall work Will/shall you work? You will/shall not work W&stei >OJ not work?
He will/shall work Will/shall he work? He will/shall not work Wfrshal he not work?
She will/shall work Will/shall she work? She will/shall not work Wfcshai sre network?
It will/shall work Will/shall it work? It will/shall not work Wäs-al 2 not work?
We will/shall work Will/shall we work? We will/shall not work W&sral «e not work?
You will/shall work Will/shall you work? You will/shall not work Wi'sba1 jOJ not work?
They will/shall work Will/shall they work? They will/shall not work WŁśrai r e . network?
I will- I'll will not - wont wainof Vtbrtt?

Ishal -I'll Shall not-shan't
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając operator will lub shall (dla 1 osoby liczby pojedynczej lub
mnogiej) i używając formy podstawowej czasownika.
Czasu Future Simple używamy:
a) chcąc wyrazić stany lub czynności przyszłe, wynikające z okoliczności zewnętrznych,

niezależnych od ludzi:
My brother will be eighteen next month.

W przyszłym miesiącu mój brat skończy osiemnaście lat.
They will reach the town before midnight.

Dojadą do miasta przed północą.
b) wyrażając opinie, wnioski, obietnice, postanowienia dotyczące przyszłość
I will pass the final exam.

Zdam egzamin końcowy.
They will perhaps come here by eight.

Być może przyjdą tu przed ósmą.
c) mówiąc o czynnościach przyszłych, które będąsię powtarzać:
Thieves will always steal.

Złodzieje zawsze będą kraść.
They will always quarrel about nothing.

Zawsze będą kłócić się o nic.
d) w pytaniach ogólnych w 2 osobie, wyrażając prośbę lub zaproszeń e
Will you wait for me, please?

Proszę cię, zaczekaj na mnie.
54
Will you help me, please?
Proszę cię, pomóż mi.
e) w pytaniach w 1 osobie, używając formy shall wyrażając propozycję zrobienia czegoś,

podjęcia działań:
Shall I wait for you?

Czy mam czekać na ciebie?
Shall I answer the question?

Czy mam odpowiedzieć na pytanie?
f) używając formy s/ia//w 2 osobie wyrażamy obietnicę osoby mówiącej:
You shall get a place in my team.

Znajdzie się miejsce dla ciebie w mojej drużynie, (obiecuję ci to)
You shall see Paris this year.

Zobaczysz Paryż w tym roku. (obiecuję ci to)
g) użycie formy won't wyraża odmowę wykonania czynności:
I won't take your advice.

Nie będę ciebie słuchać.
I won't play tomorrow.

Nie zagram jutro.
h) w zdaniach warunkowych (typ I), (patrz str. 74)
51 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Future Simple:
1 I (bring) it in a moment.
2 The Bells (be) here tonight.
3 He (be) able to speak very fluent English in a short time.
4 I do not think they (recognise) you.
5 I hope you (like) it here.
6 Do you really think you (have) time to do it tomorrow?
7 I (never forget) his face.
8 They (pay) you a lot of money once you sign the contract.
9 Unfortunately my wife (need) a visa if she wants to go to Italy.
10 He (feel) much better when he gives up smoking.
11 I wonder who (help) us now.
12 I hope James (not forget) to lock the door.
13 I am sure you (have) your neighbours complaining if you keep on watching TV so loudly
late at night.
14 If you do want to be a doctor, you (have) to study very hard.
15 If you touch it, it (all fall) down.
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16 "I wonder what your mother (say) when she learns what you have bought for the money
she gave you." "I don't think she (say) anything but I am sure she (not give) it to me soon."
17 They (arrive) on Sunday at four.
18 We (know) his decision soon.
19 We (have) to ask someone how to get there.
20 At what time (they come) tomorrow?
21 Tom, (you stop) it or not?
22 We (have) to buy a flat for our daughter.
23 What (the title be) of your next novel?
24 I am sure they (find) some way out.
25 How long (she stay) with you?
26 You (not see) the match if you don't buy the tickets tomorrow.
27 The show (begin) at seven thirty.
28 I (read) it once again.
29 I am afraid they (not be) able to help you.
30 Let's hope we (not have) to go there on foot.
31 It seems to me they (lose) the game.
32 Don't tease the dog, he (bite) you!
33 Can you imagine they (be) married on Saturday?
34 You (miss) the train if you don't leave immediately.
35 (you be) at the concert on Saturday?
36 As soon as I get there I (call) you.
1 Nie będę mógł zostać z wami tak długo.

2 Gdzie zostawicie wiadomość?
3 Dlaczego będziemy musieli czekać na Jane?
4 Czy nie będziesz mogła zaopiekować się moim młodszym bratem?
5 Będziesz musiała na siebie uważać.
6 Nigdy nie zapomnę tego, co widziałem w Afryce.
7 Piotr nie pomoże nam, jeżeli nie zrobimy tego, o co nas prosi.
8 Dlaczego nie przeprowadzicie się?
9 Czy mamy zrobić to teraz?
10 Zawsze będzie tu padać we wrześniu.
11 Zobaczysz, będzie tam cudownie.
12 Obawiam się, że jutro nie wygramy.
13 Jeżeli przeprowadzimy się do South Kensington, będę musiał zmienić pracę.
14 Jestem pewna, że łatwo cię rozpoznają.
15 Kto zaopiekuje się panną Rose?
16 Niestety, nie będziemy mieć czasu, aby zobaczyć wszystkie zabytki we Florencji.
17 Będziesz wyglądać bardzo elegancko w tym garniturze.
18 Nie będę więcej się spóźniać.
19 Nie będzie tam nikogo.
20 Obawiam się, że pana syn nie będzie dobrym pracownikiem.
21 Gdzie pojedziecie latem na wakacje?
22 Poproszę Adama, aby porozmawiał o tym ze swoim teściem.
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23 Mamy nadzieję, że wkrótce dostarczą nasze rzeczy.
24 Jestem pewien, że nasz syn wiele osiągnie w życiu.
25 Czy pożyczysz mi trochę pieniędzy do soboty?
26 Nie będę przeciwny ich małżeństwu.
27 Dam ci znać, kiedy będę wiedzieć coś nowego w tej sprawie.
28 Jeżeli nie przestaniesz się spóźniać, będziesz musiał znaleźć inną pracę.
29 Katastrofy lotnicze zawsze będą mieć miejsce.
30 Winda zabierze państwa na osiemnaste piętro.
31 Jutro o tej porze będziemy już w Los Angeles.
32 Zobaczysz, że Nick mi nie uwierzy.
33 Brian z pewnością zda wszystkie egzaminy.
34 Mam nadzieję, że nikt się o tym nie dowie.
35 Czym mam wam to powtórzyć?
Future Continuous
I will/shall be working Will/shall I be working? I will/shall not be working Will/shall I not be working?
You will/shall be working Will/shall you be working? You will/shall not be working Will/shall you not be working?
He will/shall be working Will/shall he be working? He will/shallnot be working Will/shall he not be working?
She will/shall be working Will/shall ihe be working? She will/shallnot be working Will/shall she not be working?
It will/shall be working Will/shall it be working? It will/shall not be working Will/shall it not be working?
We will/shall be working Will/shall we be working? We will/shall not be working Will/shall we not be working?
You will/shall be working Will/shall you be working? You will/shall not be working Will/shall you not be working?
They will/shall be working Will/shall theybe working? They will/shall not be working Will/shall they not be working?
I will - I'll will not - won't Will I not? - Won't I?

I shall - l-ll shall not-shan't
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając operator will lub shall (1 osoba liczby pojedynczej i mnogiej),
używając formy be i dodając końcówkę -ing do czasownika głównego.
Czasu Future Continuous używamy:
a) chcąc wyrazić, że w określonym momencie w przyszłości dana czynność będzie

wykonywaną:
Tomorrow at seven thirty I will be flying to New York.

Jutro o siódmej trzydzieści będę leciał do Nowego Jorku.
I won't be present at the meeting tomorrow because at this time I will be giving an interview.
Nie będę obecny jutro na zebraniu, ponieważ w tym czasie będę udzielał wywiadu.
b) chcąc wyrazić przypuszczenie dotyczące chwili obecnej:
Tom will be working now.

Tom pewnie teraz pracuje.
57
They will be talking about us now.
Oni pewnie teraz o nas rozmawiają.
c) w pytaniach, nadając im zabarwienia uprzejmości:
Will you be waiting for us?

Czy będziecie na nas czekać?
When will you be visiting us again?

Kiedy nas ponownie odwiedzicie ?
d) stwierdzając jedynie, że jakaś czynność odbywać się będzie w przyszłości i nie wyrażając
tego, że jest ona wynikiem postanowienia osoby ją wykonującej:
I will be working with Jane amd Tom.

Będę pracował z Jane i Tom'em. (stwierdzenie faktu)
porównaj:
Present Continuous
I am working with Jane and Tom tomorrow, (wyrażenie czynności przyszłej, będącej
wynikiem wcześniejszych ustaleń)
Future Simple / Future Continuous
a) podobnie jak Present Continuous, Future Simple wyraża, że wykonywana w przyszłości

czynność jest wynikiem decyzji podjętej przez jej wykonawcę:
I will visit you tomorrow.

Odwiedzę was jutro, (tak zdecydowałem)
Tom won't use the computer.

Tom nie będzie korzystał z komputera, (tak postanowił)
Tom won't be using the computer.

Tom nie będzie korzystał z komputera, (stwierdzenie faktu)
b) zdania wyrażone czasem Future Simple mogąbrzmieć jak prośby, zaproszenia, podczas
gdy czas Future Continuous tego nie wyraża.
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Różne sposoby wyrażania przyszłości
Wyobraźmy sobie, że pytamy kilka osób o ich plany na najbliższy weekend.
(i) Tom, który umówił się z Robertem na przejażdżkę konną, powie:
I am riding a horse.
(ii) John musi zostać w domu i przygotowywać się do egzaminu, powie:
I am staying / going to stay at home.
(iii) Ewa nie zdecydowała sie jeszcze co będzie robić, ale przypuszcza, ze będzie robić
coś interesującego, powie:
I suppose I will go for a trip.
(iv) Piotr, który tak jak zawsze, będzie opiekować się młodszą siostrą powie:
I will be taking care of my little sister as usual.
53 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w formę czasu Future Continuous:
1 This time next week I (take) my final examination.

2 You will see, when we arrive he (still work) in the garden.
3 Susan (most probably sleep) now.
4 This time tomorrow I (fly) to London.
5 Don't call Derek now! He (have) his breakfast now.
6 It won't be very difficult to recognise Jeniffer as she (hold) a white handkerchief.
7 I am going to hospital tomorrow and I (see) Dr Charison there.
8 I cannot lend you my computer because I (use) it today.
9 If you do not go back home soon, your parents (look) for you everywhere.
10 They (paint) my house next week.
11 You had better not visit them this evening as they (get) ready for the examination.
12 I would rather you did not call me at seven as I (probably have) a bath then.
13 In three years you (earn) as much money as your father does.
14 I (wait) for you in front of the bank as usual.
15 Tomorrow, at 11:30 we (have) our English lesson.
16 From 8:00 to 9:451 (watch) a football match.
17 Hubert (leave) South Africa soon.
18 I am afraid we (do) it till very late at night if we do not hurry up.
19 Where (you spend) your weekend?
20 My father (fish) all morning on Saturday.
21 Tomorrow, at eight my sister (have) her driving lesson.
22 There is no need to worry, I (look) after your luggage while you are not here.
23 Sonia doesn't feel like going out tonight because she (read) a very interesting novel.
24 We will be busy this afternoon. My wife (iron) and I (fix) shelves in the library.
25 Please, do not disturb my son now. He (probably work) in his study.
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1 Czy możesz to sobie wyobrazić? Jutro o tej porze będziemy lecieć do Buenos Aires.
2 Lepiej nie chodź tam teraz. Oni pewnie rozmawiają o swoich osobistych pianach.
3 Odtąd będę wydawał więcej pieniędzy na rozrywkę.
4 Będziesz otrzymywać mniej pieniędzy, jeżeli nie zaczniesz szybciej pracować.
5 Będę próbował tak długo, jak to konieczne.
6 Dziś wieczorem będę słuchała muzyki.
7 Będę ubiegał się o prezydenturę w przyszłych wyborach.
8 Jutro o tej porze moja siostra będzie zdawała egzamin z historii.
9 W środę wieczorem będę rozmawiał w tej sprawie z panem Hill'em
10 Będziemy przebywać w tym hotelu przez pięć dni.
11 Kto będzie jej pomagał, kiedy ja wyjadę?
12 Nie będę oglądała tego przedstawienia.
13 Gdzie będziecie czekać na naszą grupę?
14 Mój mąż, jak zwykle, będzie brał prysznic akurat wtedy, kiedy ja zechcę wziąć kąpiel.
15 Jutro rano będę widział się ze swoim adwokatem.
16 Myślę, że znów będę prasowała spodnie męża.
17 Za około piętnaście minut będziemy przelatywać nad Neapolem.
18 Jestem pewna, że Rachel będzie kąpać dziecko, kiedy przyjdziemy.
19 Będę słuchał przemówienia premiera z uwagą
20 Dzisiaj będę wyjaśniał państwu reguły nowej gry.
21 Będą się śmiać, kiedy się o tym dowiedzą.
22 Co będziesz robić dzisiaj po obiedzie?
23 Kate i Brian pewnie wjeżdżają teraz do Francji.
24 Jak długo będzie pan naprawiał to urządzenie?
25 Mówią że jutro przez cały dzień będzie padał śnieg.
26 Będę pisała wypracowanie dziś wieczorem.
27 Jutro jadę do Warszawy i będę rozmawiał z ambasadorem.
28 Będziemy oczekiwali państwa po śniadaniu.
29 Mogę pana zapewnić, że będziemy robić wszystko, aby uratować pańska, żonę.
30 Będziemy tańczyć i śpiewać przez całą noc.
55 Czasowniki w nawiasach należy wstawić w odpowiednią formę czasu Future Simple

lub Future Continuous:
1 "I will call you at eight." "You'd better call me later. At eight I (still have) a bath."
2 Peter has broken his leg. He (not be) able to play tennis for a few months
3 "Can you type this letter for me Miss Sharp?" "Certainly, I (do) it at once."
4 My daughter (graduate) from school next month.
5 The mechanic (repair) my car for several days.
6 (you use) the lawnmower the day after tomorrow? If not, I would like to borrow it
for a couple of days.
7 Can you imagine? This time next month we (enjoy) ourselves in Las Vegas.
8 "Shall I make you some coffee?" "Oh no, thank you. I (have) some at the airport."
9 (you come) to the cinema tonight? If so, I (meet) you there.
10 Who do you think (run) our firm?
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11 I (see) John today so I (ask) him about this.
12 We (be) disappointed if you are not at the conference. Anyway, we (expect) you
there at 10:30.
13 Do you really think Jim (sleep) when we get there.
14 "If you do not change your attitude towards the girl, she (leave) you." 'You do not have to
worry, I (be) equally happy without her."
15 "Bob, just look at your hands. They are filthy!" "Oh, I (wash) them."
16 Why have you taken Ronald's umbrella? He (look) for it everywhere.
17 I (pay) the bill for you. I (go) to the post office anyway.
18 I hope you (have) a good time all night long.
19 The prices of properties in Warsaw are continually going up, so it is very likely that the
prices of the houses in our town (go) up soon, too.
20 'This time on Sunday I (celebrate) my victory." 'You (not celebrate) the victory because
I am sure you (lose) the competition."
21 We have been working very hard recently, that is why we hope our wages (go) up.
22 "Excuse me, this black bag is not mine." "Oh, I am sorry I (bring) yours shortly."
23 If my father is successful in business, our family (live) in a big and comfortable house.
24 Don't be so impatient! They (open) the exhibition soon.
25 You needn't worry, we all (help) you.
26 Get ready Tom, we (leave) in a minute.
27 Before I leave the house I (check) if all the windows are closed.
28 "The big window in my bedroom doesn't close." "I (ask) my husband and he (mend) it for
you."
29 Fasten your seatbelts, please and remain seated as we (land) shortly.
30 I didn't like that place and I (not go) there any more.
31 Grace (not lend) you the money because you never remember to give it back on time.
32 (you wear) the new dress at the party on Saturday?
33 I (not go) fishing again. I never catch anything.
34 I (not joke) with him as he hasn't got a sense of humour.
35 You (not meet) Jane at six tomorrow because at that time she (look) after her younger
brother at home.
1 Tom jutro nie zagra, ponieważ będziemy sprawdzali umiejętności nowego zawodnika.
2 Tom nie będzie jutro grał, ponieważ jest chory.
3 Możesz wziąć mój rower, ja nie będę jeździć na nim.
4 Nie spodziewam się, że Beryl powie mi, co naprawdę o tym myśli.
5 Czy jeszcze coś zjesz?
6 Będziesz widział się z moim bratem na konferencji, prawda?
7 Czy będziecie słuchać tego CD dziś wieczorem?
8 Czy pożyczycie nam grilla dziś wieczorem?
9 Nie widzę, co jest tu napisane. Czy przeczytasz to dla mnie?
10 Czy zaopiekują się państwo naszym kotem, kiedy nas tu nie będzie?
11 Czy dziś po południu będzie pan naprawiał dach?
12 Jeżeli będziesz tak rozrzucał swoje rzeczy, będziesz potem szukał ich przez cały dzień.
13 Jeżeli nie przyjdą przyrzekam, że nigdy więcej ich nie zaproszę.
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14 Bądź pewna, że nie będziemy czekali na nich zbyt długo.
15 Jestem pewien, że spodobasz się nowemu szefowi.
16 Nie bądź zdziwiony, kiedy przez cały wieczór dziadek opowiadać będzie o ostatniej wojnie.
17 Robert pewnie się teraz kąpie. Zadzwońmy do niego później!
18 Następnym razem będę znacznie mniej zarozumiały.
19 Chciałbym wiedzieć, jak długo będziecie grali w karty.
20 Kiedy wróci, będziesz musiała mu wszystko wybaczyć.
21 Nie pojadę na piknik, ponieważ będę wieczorem pracował.
22 "Czy sądzisz, że Tom zgodzi się na naszą propozycję?" "Nie wiem, ale jestem pewien,
że długo będzie się nad nią zastanawiał."
23 Zobaczysz, że Bob przekona swoją żonę i jutro wieczorem wszyscy będzjeny lecieć do
Wiednia.
24 W przyszłym tygodniu nie będę korzystał z tego pokoju, więc możesz się tutą
przygotowywać do egzaminów.
25 Kupię ci tę zabawkę, ponieważ zasługujesz na nią.
Future Perfect
Will
ι will have worked Will I have worked? I will not have worked I not have worked?
Will not have worked?
You will have worked Will you have worked? You will not have worked you
He will have worked Will he have worked? He will not have worked he
She will have worked Will she have worked? She will not have worked she
It will have worked Will it have worked? It will not have worked it
We will have worked Will we have worked? We will not have worked we
You will have worked Will you have worked? You will not have worked you
Will
They will have worked Will they have worked? They will not have worked they not have worked?
I will I'll will not-won't Will I not-Won't I
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając will have i używając czasownika z końcówką -ed lub
jego III formy w przypadku czasowników nieregularnych. Należy pamiętać, że w 1 osobie
liczby pojedynczej i mnogiej will możemy zastąpić shall.
Czasu Future Perfect używamy:
a) mówiąc, że w pewnym momencie w przyszłości wykonywana czynność będzie zakończona:
I will have written the letter by two o'clock.

Skończę pisać list przed drugą.
George will have had his breakfast by eight.

George zje śniadanie do godziny ósmej.
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b) przewidując, że jakaś czynność została już wykonana:
They will have arrived by now.

Pewnie już przyjechali.
They will have seen each other by now.

Już się pewnie widzieli.
c) chcąc powiedzieć, że w pewnym momencie w przyszłości upłynie okres, w ciągu którego

jakiś stan ma miejsce:
They will have been married for four years in February.

W lutym miną cztery lata, jak są małżeństwem.
By next month we will have known each other for a year.

W przyszłym miesiącu minie rok, jak się znamy.
Future Perfect Continuous
I I
will have been working Will have been working?
You will have been working Will you have been working?
He will have been working Will he have been working?
She will have been working Will she have been working?
It will have been working Will it have been working?
We will have been working Will we have been working?
You will have been working Will you have been working?
They will have been working Will they have been working?
I I
will not have been working Will not have been working?
You will not have been working Will you not have been working?
He will not have been working Will he not have been working?
She will not have been working Will she not have been working?
It will not have been working Will it not have been working?
We will not have been working Will we not have been working?
You will not have been working Will you not have been working?
They will not have been working Will they not have been working?
Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając will have been i dodając do czasownika końcówkę
-ing.
Czasu Future Perfect Continuous używamy:
a) chcąc powiedzieć, że w pewnym momencie w przyszłości upłynie jakiś okres, w którym

dana czynność ma miejsce:
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Nigel will have been sleeping for five hours soon.
Wkrótce minie pięć godzin, jak Nigel śpi.
I will have been reading the book for a week soon.

Wkrótce minie tydzień, jak czytam tę książkę.
57 Czasowniki w nawiasach należy wstawić w odpowiednie formy czasów Future Perfect

lub Future Perfect Continuous:
1 By the end of this term my son's studies (cost) me more then $5.000.
2 All seats (be) taken by the time you go to buy the tickets.
3 I (study) Spanish for three years next month.
4 By the end of spring I (leam) to drive.
5 Nigel (drive) forfour hours soon.
6 If you do not write it down, I am sure you (forget) it soon.
7 Don't worry, snow (fall) down by the end of December.
8 John and Jane (arrive) by the time we are back.
9 Andrew (have) a bath for half an hour soon.
10 Our company (launch) the new product by the end of the year.
11 After this match Diego Maradona (play) eighty matches for Argentina.
12 I (leam) to drive for two months next week.
13 By the end of October we (be) here for seven years.
14 By six o'clock I (finish) my job.
15 This book (be) published by the end of May.
16 By the end of December we (sell) ten thousand copies of it.
17 Next week, Karen (attend) this course for six months.
18 By the time we arrive the Wrights (already have) their lunch.
19 Alice (look) for a job for three months soon.
20 The sun (set) by the time we are back.
21 They (sell) all the tickets by tomorrow.
22 They (swim) for an hour soon.
23 Samantha (write) the composition for three hours soon.
24 I can assure you that by the end of 1999 we (own) at least five bookshops
25 By this time next year we (buy) another house.
26 I am sure I (do) everything by the time they decide to give me a hand.
27 By the end of next year we (visit) the USA and Canada.
28 Next Sunday, my grandmother (be) in hospital for two weeks.
29 By the end of the day ten thousand people (see) the exhibition.
30 I do hope that by the time I come back my wife (pack) our things.
31 Our parents (talk) to the neighbours for twenty minutes soon.
32 By the end of the year the new rule (be) enacted.
33 In five minutes we (play) in the garden for an hour.
34 In a year I (take) another job.
35 We (stay) at this hotel for two weeks tomorrow.
36 He (lose) all his savings very soon if he doesn't give up gambling.
37 By the end of the month our band (give) ten concerts.
38 I promise you that we (move) to another city by the end of next year.
39 By six thirty, Paul (arrive) in San Francisco.
40 We (employ) two hundred people by the end of the year.
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58 Przetłumacz na język angielski zdania używając czasów Future Perfect lub Future
Perfect Continuous:
1 Obiecuję ci, że do końca maja przeprowadzimy się do nowego mieszkania.

2 Przyjdą około jedenastej. Do tej pory posprzątam pokój.
3 Czynsze w naszej dzielnicy wzrosną dwukrotnie do końca roku.
4 Jeżeli się nie pospieszymy, nasz pociąg odjedzie, zanim przybędziemy na dworzec.
5 Do końca maja zdam wszystkie egzaminy.
6 20 lutego miną cztery lata, jak jesteśmy małżeństwem.
7 O szóstej minie sześć godzin, jak lecimy do Nowego Jorku.
8 Do końca roku wybudujemy nowy dom.
9 Mam nadzieję, że do niedzieli podejmie pan decyzję.
10 Wiosną minie pięć lat, jak jesteśmy razem.
11 Możliwe, że Anna opuści hotel przed jedenastą.
12 Lekarz twierdzi, że za kilka dni ojciec poczuje się znacznie lepiej.
13 W przyszłym roku minie dziesięć lat, jak pan Simonsen zarządza naszą firmą.
14 Wkrótce miną trzy godziny, jak Bob prowadzi samochód.
15 Wkrótce minie tydzień, jak nosisz tę koszulę. Zmień ją natychmiast!
16 Pospieszmy się! Wkrótce miną dwie godziny, jak się pakujemy.
17 Jestem pewna, że w ciągu trzech tygodni zobaczycie wszystko, co warto zobaczyć w
naszym kraju.
18 W sobotę minie tydzień, jak nie widziałem swojej dziewczyny.
19 Wydam przynajmniej dziesięć książek, zanim ukończę czterdzieści lat.
20 Minister finansów twierdzi, że do końca 2010 r. nasz kraj spłaci wszystkie długi.
21 Do końca jesieni odłożę $5.000.
22 Wkrótce minie piętnaście minut, jak czekamy na naszego wykładowcę.
23 Tom obiecuje, że do końca tygodnia odda wszystkie pieniądze.
24 Mam nadzieję, że do końca roku schudnę dziesięć kilogramów.
25 Sprzedam samochód w przyszłym tygodniu.
26 Miss Green sprawdzi do jutra wszystkie nasze klasówki.
27 Zapewniam pana, że zebranie skończy się przed czwartą.
28 Wkrótce minie pół godziny, jak jemy obiad.
29 Wkrótce minie godzina, jak prezydent odpowiada na pytania dziennikarzy.
30 Jestem przekonany, że za kilka dni skończysz czytać tę książkę.
31 Jutro minie dziesięć dni, jak mieszkamy w tym hotelu.
32 W marcu minie rok, jak jestem w Londynie.
33 Przetłumaczę ten list do piątku.
34 Obawiam się, że większość ludzi wkrótce o panu zapomni.
35 Wkrótce minie pół godziny, jak doktor Wyatt rozmawia ze swoim pacjentem.
36 Mam nadzieję, że wrócą do niedzieli.
37 Jeżeli będziesz kupować tyle rzeczy, wydasz wkrótce wszystkie swoje pieniądze.
38 Zdobędziemy szczyt przed czwartą.
39 Opublikujemy pański artykuł w przyszłym miesiącu.
40 W przyszłym tygodniu sprzedamy wszystkie nasze akcje.
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Forma be going to
I am going to work Am I going to work? I am not going to work Am I not going to work?
You are going to work Are you going to work? You are not going to work Are you not going to work?
He is going to work Is he going to work? He is not going to work Is he not going to work?
She is going to work Is she going to work? She is not going to work Is she not going to work?
It is going to work Is it going to work? It is not going to work Is it not going to work?
We are going to work Are we going to work? We are not going to work Are we not going to work?
You are going to work Are you going to work? You are not going to work Are you not going to work?
They are going to work Are they going to work? They are not going to work Are they not going to work?
I am · I'm is not - isn't Am not? - Aren't l?

You are - You're are not - aren't Are you not? - Aren't you?
He is - He's Is he not - Isn't he?
Formę tę tłumaczymy mieć zamiar, zamierzać. Tworzymy ją odmieniając czasownik be, słowo
going i używając bezokolicznika poprzedzonego słowem to
59 Podane niżej zdania wyraź w formie be going to:
przykład: I will do it soon.

l am going to do it soon.
1 Won't you let your son go to Portugal this summer?

2 John will take care of you.
3 The match will last ninety minutes.
4 They will be playing chess after lunch.
5 Diego Maradona will not play against Brazil.
6 I'm sure all the students will keep quiet during your lecture.
7 I have no idea what time Bill will return home.
8 I will take a shower as soon as the water gets hot.
9 I don't think Peter will follow in his father's footsteps.
10 The majority will vote against the new rule.
11 If you do not leave soon, you will miss the train.
12 By the time you are back everything will be ready.
13 I do not think you will recognise him.
14 You will be late if you do not hurry up.
15 Look at the sky! It will rain soon.
16 He will fail all his exams unless he starts to study hard.
17 Look at the boys' faces! They will fight soon.
18 Providing nothing unexpected happens the enterprise will be a great success.
19 If you do it, you will be shouted at.
20 I will have my windows cleaned next month.
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60 Podane niżej zdania wyraź w czasie przeszłym używając formy be going to:
przykład: I planned to visit Rome.

I was going to visit Rome.
1 We worked very hard last term.

2 My sister signed up for a Spanish course.
3 I called her after lunch.
4 I hired the car from Simms and Sollow.
5 I wore that dark dress at the last conference.
6 The Fosters redecorated their kitchen.
7 I set the alarm clock to go off at seven thirty.
8 The tailor shortened my trousers.
9 Aggasi played against Sampras.
10 They sent for help.
11 The president of the bank refused to sign the paper.
12 I rode a horse in the morning.
13 Tom left for America last year.
14 Peterand Eva helped us.
15 We intended to call you on Tuesday.
16 We changed our plans.
17 Bill Harry entertained the guests.
18 It rained heavily in the morning.
19 We discussed that issue at our last meeting.
20 Chris wrote a long letter to his uncle.
61 Podane niżej zdania wyraź: a) w Future Simple, b) w formie be going to:
przykład: I saw Paul yesterday.

a) I will see Paul tomorrow.
b) I am going to see Paul tomorrow.
1 I spent my holiday in Spain.

2 Susan told us about that affair.
3 We enjoyed ourselves at the party on Saturday.
4 John liked that jacket very much.
5 My secretary had a lot of work last week.
6 The doctor prescribed me aspirin.
7 We visited the National Gallery yesterday.
8 The customer signed the cheque.
9 They called you a thief.
10 The judge considered the problem carefully.
11 Ivan failed one of the three examinations.
12 Tom and Ann met me at Warsaw Airport.
13 Most of the students were late for my lecture.
14 The Carlsons painted the fence white.
15 I borrowed the camera from Adam.
16 We had our lunch at two.
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17 Nigel posted the letter at the main Post Office.
18 We waited for you till seven.
19 My grandfather gave up smoking last week.
20 I had a date with Fiona on Tuesday.
Future in the Past
I would work Would I work? I would not work Would I not work?
You would work Would you work? You would not work Would you not work?
He would work Would he work? He would not work Would he not work?
She would work Would she work? She would not work Would she not work?
It would work Would it work? It would not work Would it not work?
We would work Would we work? We would not work Would we not work?
You would work Would you work? You would not work Would you not work?
They would work Would they work? They would not work Would they not work?
I would - I'd would not - wouldn't Would I not? - Wouldn't I?
Czas Future in the Past używamy:
a) w pytaniach będących prośbą:
Would you meet me at the airport?

Czy byłbyś tak dobry, by spotkać mnie na lotnisku?
b) w zdaniach II typu okresu warunkowego:
I would be satisfied if I passed the final exam.

Byłbym zadowolony, gdybym zdał egzamin końcowy.
c) chcąc powiedzieć, że czynność należała w przeszłości do przyzwyczajeń jej wykonawcy:
Roger would come late and talk for hours.

Roger miał zwyczaj przychodzić późno i rozmawiać godzinami.
When he was a student he would go to the theatre once a week.

Kiedy był studentem, miał zwyczaj chodzić do teatru raz w tygodniu.
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Future in the Past Continuous
I would be working Would I be working? I would not be working Would I not be working?
You would be working Would you be working? You would not be working Would you not be working?
He would be working Would he be working? He would not be working Would he not be working?
She would be working Would she be working? She would not be working Would she not be working?
It would be working Would it be working? It would not be working Would it not be working?
We would be working Would we be working? We would not be woitong Would we not be working?
You would be working Would you be working? You would not be working Would you not be working?
They would be working Would they be working? They would not be working Would they not be working?
I would - I'd would not-wouldn't Would I not?-Wouldn't I?
Czasu Future in the Past Continuous używamy:
a) pytając kogoś uprzejmie o jego plany:
Would you be talking to Alice today?

Czy będziesz rozmawiał dziś z Alicją ?
b) chcąc wyrazić przypuszczenie dotyczące teraźniejszości:
My brother would be driving his car now.

Mój brat pewnie jedzie teraz samochodem.
c) chcąc powiedzieć, że czynność należała do obowiązków lub przyzwyczajeń jej wykonawcy:
Ann would be brushing her teeth after each meal.

Anna zwykła czyścić zęby po każdym posiłku.
Peter would be visiting us very late at night.

Piotr zwykł odwiedzać nas późno w nocy.
Ćwiczenia mieszane
62 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw we właściwą formę czasów: Simple Present,

Present Perfect lub Simple Past:
1 John (go) to Warsaw last Tuesday.

2 I (never be) to the mountains.
3 "(you see) your doctor yesterday?" "No, I (not see) him for a month."
4 We usually (watch) football matches on Saturday evenings.
5 Paul (not come) back from school yet. He usually (come) back before two.
6 I (not talk) to professor Ranson since the last winter conference.
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7 We (be) married for three years now.
8 (you often get) roses from your husband?
9 The Fishers usually (spend) their weekends in the country.
10 "How long (you know) the Wrights?" 'We first (meet) in 1994."
11 My father (be) bom in Switzerland.
12 I have no idea why Albert pretended he (not know) me.
13 I (not hear) from Ian since he (go) to Chile in 1993.
14 How much (you manage) to save since the day your father (give) you $200?
15 I (study) French but I (give) it up.
16 I (forget) Oswald's address so I cannot tell you where he (live).
17 I (never enjoy) playing cards at night.
18 I (see) Peter at the railway station yesterday but I'm afraid he (not see) me.
19 We (have) to sell our grandparents' house last year.
20 Here you (be) at last. Go and wash your hands!
21 Chris (leave) Poland three years ago and he (be) abroad since then.
22 Mr Wilkins (not recognise) us yesterday because it (be) very dark.
23 The three prisoners, who (escape) last night (not be) caught yet.
24 I (have) nothing to eat yesterday because I (not feel) well.
25 When he (stop) doing stupid things people will stop laughing at him.
63 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiedniąformę czasów: Present Simple/

Continuous, Past Simple/Continuous, Present Perfect Simple/Continuous:
1 My parents (stay) in Rome for three weeks now.

2 The students who (sit) behind me (talk) so loudly that I (can't) hear the lecturer's voice.
3 We (discuss) this issue quite often recently.
4 As it is snowing I (take) a taxi.
5 Paul Robson (be) the only owner of the company since his father's death.
6 We usually (have) bread and butter for breakfast but today we (have) fried eggs.
7 Your son (be) very impolite today. It is quite unusual for him.
8 I still (not find) the cassette I (buy) last week.
9 Yesterday, at three I (have) lunch with my solicitor so you couldn't see me at the airport at
that time.
10 I'm not feeling well this morning, that is why I (not work) so fast as usual.
11 "(you finish) writing your composition yet?" "Yes, I (finish) writing it half an hour ago."
12 Brenda and Sue (travel) since May. So far they (visit) eight countries.
13 When (the spieces cease) to exist?
14 What (you do)? Your hands are so dirty.
15 I (lend) him the book last Wednesday and I wonder how many pages he (read) so far.
16 What (they talk) about when you came in?
17 I (leave) Poland the day after tomorrow.
18 (anyone of you see) my briefcase?
19 I last (speak) to Jerry when we (meet) in Blackpool.
20 "What (you do)?" "I (try) to get rid of this stain for the last ten minutes."
21 I am afraid Mr Crawford (want) you to do it immediately.
22 But he (do hope) to see you soon.
23 I'm sorry I'm late. I hope you (not wait) for me too long.
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24 Why (you always take) my umbrella?
25 You (travel) far too much lately, Tom. You should stay with your family for a while now.
26 I (see) my lawyer tomorrow.
27 They (discuss) this problem for an hour now but (not reach) an agreement yet.
28 "(yourteam already play) against Blackburn?" "Yes, the game (take) place last Saturday."
29 The sea was so rough that we (cannot) swim for a few days.
30 While I (work) hard you (be) fast asleep.
31 I (stay) here till next Friday.
32 I (stay) at this hotel since Friday.
33 Peter is not here yet. I (think) he has missed the train.
34 I (think) about her plans and I suppose I know what she is going to do.
35 Our company (produce) these cars since 1994.
36 Our company (produce) the car which Pope John Paul II used during his last visit to Africa.
37 I (try) to solve this problem for the last two hours.
38 He (solve) these problems for three hours now but I'm afraid he (not solve) even one yet.
39 We (wait) for you for ages. Please do not keep us waiting next time.
40 It started to rain as I (dig) the garden.
41 While I (dig) the garden my brother-in-law (mow) the lawn.
42 You (come) too late. All of them are out.
43 Call an ambulance! There (just be) an accident.
44 She (try) on dresses all afternoon and I am tired now.
45 I (cough) a lot recently, doctor. What can I do about it?
64 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiedniąformę czasów:

Present Simple/Continuous, Past Simple/Continuous, Present Perfect Simple/
Continuous, Past Perfect Simple/Continuous:
1 I (live) in London many years ago.

2 I (live) in London when Kennedy was assasinated.
3 I (live) in London for a few years when that event took place.
4 I did admit that I (live) in London at various periods.
5 I (never live) in London but I do hope to go there soon.
6 I (live) in London and I work there.
7 I (live) in London at the moment but I am afraid I will have to leave soon.
8 I (hardly leave) the office when it started to snow.
9 Where (you be) all day?
10 I (meet) her this week.
11 I (meet) her on Wednesday this week.
12 Who (use) my video tape recorder? It isn't working now.
13 Your house (smell) of gas for a few days. Something must be done about it.
14 After we (work) for a few hours he came and said he was ready to help us.
15 That is very funny. Who (you first hear) that from?
16 She (work) too much lately. I think she ought to take a rest.
17 Where (you put) the key? I cannot find it anywhere.
18 While I (do) my best to solve that problem you (discuss) some unimportant issue.
19 I (do) my best for the last few hours to explain it to you; doesn't even one of you realise
that?
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20 After I went out I saw it (rain) all night.
21 When he (finish) he let us know.
22 He (listen) to his personal stereo so he could not hear your words.
23 What (they play) when you enter the room?
24 On Fridays when we finish our work we often (go) for a drink.
25 (the milkman come) yet?
26 I (run) too fast and so (have) Peter, and now we are both tired.
27 I (go) to Vienna several times before 1990.
28 Why (you always put) your feet on my desk? Stop doing it because I hate it.
29 She was very upset because she (fail) her exam.
30 He repeated that water (boil) at the temperature of 100 °C.
31 After we (break) down our TV set we could not watch the film.
32 Until last winter I (never see) snow in December.
33 (you have) something to drink? If not, I will bring you a pint of lager.
34 I (not see) him since he (stop) working for me.
35 After I (be) tired I felt relaxed.
1 Wspomniał a waszych problemach, kiedy z nim rozmawiałem.

2 Czekałem na autobus, kiedy zauważyłem samochód brata.
3 Od dziesięciu minut czekałem na autobus, kiedy zauważyłem samochód brata.
4 Zostaję tu do przyszłej soboty.
5 Jesteś wreszcie. Czekałem na ciebie prawie pól godziny.
6 Skaleczyłem się, kiedy otwierałem puszkę.
7 To już prawie sześć miesięcy, jak nie palę.
8 Nie słuchaj go, on cię nabiera.
9 Przyszedłeś za późno. Wszyscy wyszli pół godziny temu.
10 Mój ojciec zarządza tą firmą od dziesięciu lat.
11 Mój ojciec zarządzał tamtą firmą od 1985 do 1995 r.
12 Dlaczego zawsze bierzesz to bez pytania? Mam tego dość.
13 Nigdy nie widziałem koloru jej oczu, ponieważ kiedy się spotykamy, ona zawsze nosi
ciemne okulary.
14 Brenda od rana słucha głośno muzyki i jestem już tym zmęczona.
15 Wypił już sześć puszek piwa, odkąd tu przyszedł.
16 Rzecznik prasowy premiera potwierdził, że premier zamierza odwiedzić Watykan w maju.
17 Nigdy nie odmawiam, kiedy proszony jestem o pomoc.
18 Od dwóch dni próbuję skontaktować się z moim adwokatem, ale jak dotąd, nie udało mi
się to.
19 Prokurator chce wiedzieć, co pan robił wczoraj między 11:30 a 13:00.
20 Kiedy przyszedłem do szkoły, przypomniało mi się, że nie zadzwoniłem do ojca.
21 Nigdy nie mieliśmy psa w domu. (wciąż go nie mamy)
22 Pan Clarc był bardzo rozczarowany, kiedy dowiedział się, że cena papieru przestała
wzrastać.
23 Anna płacze, odkąd zniknął jej kot.
24 John ma zawsze coś interesującego do powiedzenia.
25 W tym roku, w marcu odwiedziliśmy Peru.
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26 Odwiedziliśmy Peru w tym roku.
27 Napisał kilka bardzo interesujących artykułów, odkąd zaczął pracować w Newsweek'u.
28 Zwykle nie mam ochoty sprzątać w garażu, ale dzisiaj robię to z przyjemnością.
29 Mam nadzieję, że dzieci nie bawią się teraz w moim gabinecie.
30 Bob i Tom nie grali w warcaby, kiedy wszedłem do pokoju. Oni grali w szachy.
Tryb warunkowy
typ I
If + Present Simple + Future Simple
If I meet Paul, I will give it to him.
type II
If + Past Simple + Future in the Past
If I met Paul, I would give it to him.
type III
If + Past Perfect + Future Perfect in the Past
If I had met Paul, I would have given it to him.
Rozróżniamy trzy typy zdań w trybie warunkowym.
Typ l
W zdaniach tych mówimy, co będzie, jeżeli w przyszłości spełniony zostanie określony

warunek.
Czasownik w zdaniu podrzędnym (zawierającym słowo if) występuje w czasie teraźniejszym

Present Simple, a czasownik w zdaniu nadrzędnym w czasie przyszłym Future Simple.
Kolejność tych zdań jest dowolna. Spójnik If odpowiada polskiemu jeśli, jeżeli.
If you don't study hard, you will fail your examination.

Jeżeli nie będziesz się dużo uczyć, nie zdasz egzaminu.
John will not be happy if he sees it.

John nie będzie szczęśliwy, jeżeli zobaczy to.
W zdaniu nadrzędnym, zamiast formy Future Simple można użyć czasowników may, might
lub can:
They may/might be furious if they learn about our plans.

Mogą się bardzo zdenerwować, jeżeli dowiedzą się o naszych planach.
W zdaniu tym wystąpić może również tryb rozkazujący:
If you have a cold, go to bed immediately.

Jeżeli jesteś przeziębiony, natychmiast idź do łóżka.
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W zdaniu podrzędnym, zamiast formy Present Simple, można użyć formę Present
Continuous:
If you are waiting for Tom, he will come soon.

Jeżeli czekacie na Tom'a, on wkrótce przyjdzie.
If you are not leaving today, we will find another room for you.
Jeżeli pan dzisiaj nie wyjeżdża, znajdziemy dla pana inny pokój.
lub formę Present Perfect:
If you have finished typing the letter, I will sign it.

Jeżeli napisała pani ten list na maszynie, podpiszę go.
Mówiąc o stanie rzeczy, mającym charakter stały, powtarzający się, w zdaniu nadrzędnym,
jak i podrzędnym używamy czasu Present Simple:
I never work hard if they don't pay me well.

Nigdy nie pracuję ciężko, jeżeli nie płacą mi dobrze.
W typie zdań okresu warunkowego będących prośbami, w zdaniu nadrzędnym i

podrzędnym możemy użyć form czasu przyszłego Future Simple:
If you will give me another chance, I will appreciate it.

Jeżeli dacie mi jeszcze jedną sznsę, będę wam wdzięczny.
Typ II
W zdaniach tego typu mówimy, że gdyby obecna sytuacja wyglądała inaczej, miałoby to
określony skutek w teraźniejszości. Używamy tych zdań również, wyrażając wątpliwość, że
czynność wyrażona w zdaniu podrzędnym będzie miała miejsce lub kiedy to, co wyrażone jest
w zdaniu podrzędnym, nie jest zgodne ze stanem faktycznym.
W zdaniu podrzędnym używamy formy czasu przeszłego Past Simple, a w zdaniu nadrzędnym
formy czasu Future in the Past. Kolejność tych zdań jest dowolna. Spójnik if odpowiada
polskiemu gdyby.
If I had more time and money, I would travel more often.

Gdybym miał więcej czasu i pieniędzy, podróżowałbym częściej, (ale ich nie mam)
We would buy a bigger house if I won on a lottery.
Kupilibyśmy większy dom, gdybym wygrał na loterii, (ale pewnie nie wygram).
W zdaniu nadrzędnym zamiast would, możemy użyć form might lub could:
If I earned more, my wife could stay home and look after the children.
Gdybym więcej zarabiał, moja żona mogłaby zostać w domu i opiekować się dziećmi.
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W zdaniu podrzędnym zamiast czasu Past Simple można użyć formę czasu Past
Continuous:
If Paul were sitting with us now, it wouldn't be so boring here.

Gdyby Paul siedział teraz z nami, nie byłoby tu tak nudno.
W zdaniach będących uprzejmą prośbą w zdaniach nadrzędnym i podrzędnym możemy

użyć formy czasu Future in the Past:
If you would wait for a moment, I would bring the papers you need.
Gdybyś przez chwilę zaczekał, przyniósłbym dokumenty, których potrzebujesz.
Typ I i II - porównanie
If he comes tomorrow, we will go to the cinema together.

Jeżeli jutro przyjdzie, pójdziemy razem do kina. (myślę, że tak będzie)
If he came tomorrow, we would go to the cinema together.

Gdyby jutro przyszedł, poszlibyśmy razem do kina. (wątpię w to jednak)
Typ III
Zdania tego typu dotyczą przeszłości i wyrażajączynność, która nie mogła być wykonana,
ponieważ nie spełniony został warunek wyrażony w zdaniu podrzędnym.
Czasownik w zdaniu podrzędnym wyrażamy formączasu przeszłego Past Perfect, a wzdaniu

nadrzędnym formą czasu Future Perfect in the Past. Kolejność tych zdań jest dowolna.
Spójnik If odpowiada polskiemu gdyby.
If I had known your telephone number, I would have phoned you.

Gdybym znał numer twojego telefonu, zadzwoniłbym do ciebie, (nie znałem i nie dzwoniłem)
We would have won easily if Tom had played in our team.
Wygralibyśmy z łatwością gdyby Tom grał w naszej drużynie. (ale nie grał i nie wygraliśmy)
W zdaniu nadrzędnym zamiast formy would, możemy użyć czasowników could lub might
We might have met him if we had left earlier.

Możliwe, że byśmy go spotkali, gdybyśmy wyszli wcześniej.
W zdaniu podrzędnym zamiast formy Past Perfect możemy użyć formę Past Perfect
Continuous:
Paul would have recognised me if I hadn't been wearing dark glasses.

Paul rozpoznałby mnie, gdybym nie nosił ciemnych okularów.
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Istnieje możliwość pominięcia spójnika if przez inwersję operatora had w zdaniu
podrzędnym:
Had I met you earlier, we would have got married.

Gdybym cię wcześniej poznał, pobralibyśmy się.
W języku polskim nie rozróżniamy okresów warunkowych II i III typu. Angielskim zdaniom:
II If I met her we would go to the cinema together.
III If I had met her we would have gone to the cinema together.
odpowiada polskie zdanie:
Gdybym ją spotkał, poszlibyśmy razem do kina.
Okresy warunkowe mieszane

Najczęściej występuje połączenie typów II i III trybu warunkowego:
If I were you I wouldn't have signed that contract.

Gdybym był tobą, nie podpisałbym tamtego kontraktu.
lub
If she hadn't spent all her money so thoughtlessly she would't have to work so hard now.
Gdyby nie wydała wszystkich swoich pieniędzy tak bezmyślnie, nie musiałaby teraz tak ciężko
pracować.
I Typ
1 Jeżeli przeczytasz mój list, wszystko stanie się oczywiste.

2 Zdasz ten egzamin, jeżeli porządnie się do niego przygotujesz.
3 Jeżeli kupimy ten dom, będziemy musieli wydać kolejne dwadzieścia tysięcy dolarów
na jego remont.
4 Jeżeli dostaniemy zaproszenie na to przyjęcie, chętnie tam pójdziemy.
5 Nie odbiorę telefonu, jeżeli zadzwonisz po północy.
6 Jeżeli w jeziorze będzie ciepła woda, będziemy mogli pływać.
7 Nie będziesz żałować, jeżeli zrobisz to, co ci radzę.
8 Jeżeli pana stosunek do mnie się nie zmieni, zacznę szukać nowej pracy.
9 Dobrze ci zapłacą jeżeli przyjmiesz ich warunki.
10 Kupimy ci psa, jeżeli będziesz wyprowadzać go przynajmniej dwa razy dziennie.
11 Jeżeli nie przestaną hałasować, zadzwoń po policję.
12 Nigdy nie podpisuję dokumentu, jeżeli go uważnie nie przeczytam.
13 Będzie nam was brakować, jeżeli wyjedziecie z Polski.
14 Jeżeli wygramy w sobotę, będziemy mistrzami.
15 Ojciec się zdenerwuje, jeżeli się o tym dowie.
16 Nie będę mogła wam pomóc, jeżeli nie znajdę słownika.
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17 Proszę dać nam znać, jeżeli zauważy pan coś podejrzanego.
18 Trener nie będzie ze mnie zadowolony, jeżeli nie zagram dobrze w następnym meczu.
19 Jeżeli zaproponują ci obejrzenie jednego z tych dwóch filmów, który zdecydujesz
się obejrzeć?
20 Jeżeli zetniesz włosy, będziesz wyglądać znacznie młodziej.
21 Co odpowiesz, jeżeli policja zapyta cię o Paul'a?
22 Nie pozwolę wam jechać w góry, jeżeli wasi rodzice nie zgodzą się na to.
23 Winda zatrzyma się, jeśli wciśniesz czerwony przycisk.
24 Zebranie nie odbędzie się, jeżeli prezes nie wróci przed trzecią.
25 Gdzie będziemy spać, jeżeli w hotelu nie będzie wolnych miejsc?
26 Wezmę udział w wycieczce do Argentyny, jeżeli odłożę wystarczająco dużo pieniędzy.
27 Będzie miał szczęście, jeżeli nikt go nie zobaczy.
28 Czy pomożecie jej, jeżeli was o to poprosi?
29 Ustąpię ze swojego stanowiska, jeżeli większość posłów będzie przeciwna mojej
polityce podatkowej.
30 Poczujesz się znacznie lepiej, jeżeli schudniesz kilka kilogramów.
31 Będę musiał wyprowadzić się, jeżeli właściciele domu podniosą czynsz.
32 Jeżeli zdecyduje się pan otworzyć w naszym banku rachunek bieżący, damy panu
bezpłatnie złote wieczne pióro.
67 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiednie formy:
1 Anthony (be) angry if you (come) late again.

2 They (not admit) you if you (not buy) a ticket.
3 If the president resigns, (there be) new elections?
4 We (be) in New York in six hours if the plane (take) off at the scheduled time.
5 If he (do) this, he (be) punished.
6 I'm sure you (regret) it if you (not go) with us.
7 I (lift) the stone if it (not be) too heavy.
8 If you (forget) to put the icecream into the freezer, it (melt).
9 She (be) ill if she (eat) it all.
10 The shelf (not fall) down if you (fix) it firm.
11 If you (not treat) them seriously, they (not respect) you.
12 If I (not find) my watch, I (have) to buy a new one.
13 Unless we (take) a map with us, we (soon lose) the way.
14 We (not go) out tonight if it (not stop) raining.
15 Samantha (fail) her exam unless she (start) working hard.
16 Mrs Ramsey (be) very upset if her cheque book (not be) found.
17 The price of oil (go) up sharply if they (reduce) output.
18 The lake (ice) over if it (not get) warmer.
19 Our team (be) relegated if we (not win) tomorrow.
20 If someone (knock) at your door after midnight, you'd better not open it.
21 If you (see) him in the street, he always (pretend) he doesn't know you.
22 Ann (receive) your letter by Wednesday if you (post) it today.
23 If I (not speed) up, we (not get) there on time.
24 If I (not succeed) tomorrow, (I have) another attempt?
25 They (charge) you $50 unless you (have) a discount.
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26 If there (be) such a possibility, we (share) the room.
27 I'm afraid I (not be) able to participate in the scheme if I (have) to stay here.
28 If you (add) more pepper, the soup (be) too hot.
29 I (have) to call the police if my roommate (not come) back in half an hour.
30 You (regret) it if you (not take) your father's advice.
II typ
1 Gdybym znał nowe szczegóły, na pewno poinformowałbym cię o tym.

2 Wyglądałby znacznie lepiej, gdyby nie nosił tak długiego płaszcza.
3 Na twoim miejscu zmieniłbym pracę.
4 Nie nazywaliby go złodziejem, gdyby nie kradł.
5 Myślę, że wiele byś skorzystał, gdybyś wyprowadził się z Warszawy.
6 Miałbym znacznie więcej wolnego czasu, gdybym nie musiał dojeżdżać do pracy.
7 Wielu ludzi lubiłoby Mike'a, gdyby był bardziej rozmowny.
8 Gdybym jej o tym teraz powiedział, myślę, że by się rozpłakała.
9 Nie pozostalibyśmy tu, gdyby mojemu mężowi zaoferowano interesującą pracę w innym
mieście.
10 Zagrałbym na trąbce, gdyby mnie tylko o to poproszono.
11 Nie sprzedawalibyśmy tego obrazu, gdybyśmy tak bardzo nie potrzebowali pieniędzy.
12 Nie robiłbyś tak wielu błędów, gdybyś rzeczywiście myślał o tym co piszesz.
13 Powodziłoby nam się lepiej, gdyby ojciec dostał lepiej płatną pracę.
14 Nasz dom wart byłby znacznie więcej, gdyby znajdował się w lepszej dzielnicy.
15 Z pewnością kupilibyśmy psa, gdybyśmy nie mieli kota.
16 Gdyby rzeczywiście był dobrym zawodnikiem, grałby w lepszej drużynie.
17 Bylibyście lepiej opłacani, gdybyście grali bardziej efektywnie.
18 Babcia widziałaby lepiej, gdyby nosiła mocniejsze okulary.
19 Moglibyśmy odkładać więcej pieniędzy, gdybyśmy nie musieli płacić za studia naszych
dzieci.
20 Gdybyś zjadł połowę tego co jest na stole, byłbyś chory.
21 Osiągalibyście lepsze wyniki, gdybyście sumiennie trenowali.
22 Nie pomagalibyśmy naszym dzieciom, gdyby nie było to konieczne.
23 Nasze żony pracowałyby, gdyby nie musiały opiekować się dziećmi.
24 Nie pożyczalibyśmy im samochodu, gdyby nas o to nie prosili.
25 Gdybyś mieszkała w Rosji, prawdopodobnie nosiłabyś zimąfutro.
26 Gdybyśmy mieszkali w Austrii lub Szwajcarii, umielibyśmy jeździć na nartach.
27 Ojciec czułby się znacznie lepiej, gdyby rzucił palenie.
28 Gdybym była znaną aktorką ludzie rozpoznawaliby mnie na ulicy.
29 Czy dałabyś mi klucze do swojego mieszkania, gdybym nie miał dokąd pójść?
30 Jaki kraj chciałbyś odwiedzić, gdyby dano ci bezpłatny bilet lotniczy?
31 Myślę, że szanowaliby ciebie, gdybyś był uczciwy wobec nich.
32 Który wariant wybrałbyś, gdyby wybór należał do ciebie?
33 Myślę, że twój mąż nie denerwowałby się tak bardzo, gdyby był bardziej tolerancyjny.
34 Gdyby mówił pan trochę głośniej, lepiej byśmy pana słyszeli.
35 Gdybyś miał jakieś problemy z tym urządzeniem, daj mi znać.
36 Anna z pewnością byłaby wzruszona, gdybyś podarował jej bukiet białych róż.
37 Nie wychodzilibyśmy dziś wieczorem, gdyby w telewizji był bardziej interesujący program.
38 Nie uwierzylibyście mi, gdybym wam powiedział, kogo wczoraj spotkałem.
39 Chodzilibyśmy tam częściej, gdyby mój mąż miał na to ochotę.
40 Gdyby dano mi jeszcze jedną szansę, na pewno bym z niej skorzystał.
1 If I (have) my own computer, I (not have) to use yours.

2 If I (be) you, I (not keep) all the money in one bank.
3 There (not be) so many accidents on the roads if drivers (drive) more slowly.
4 I (not give) up my job even if I (be) a very wealthy man.
5 We (have) either a dog or a cat if we (live) in a bigger house.
6 If there (be) more volunteers, the action (go) more smoothly.
7 What (happen) if I (press) this button?
8 If you (look) at the mirror, you (see) how funny you are.
9 I (go) out if it (stop) raining.
10 We (spend) our holidays in the mountains more often if my wife (enjoy) herself there.
11 I (sharpen) the knives if I (have) a sharpener.
12 They would simply laugh if they (hear) that.
13 My children (attend) a private school if I (be) better off.
14 I (take) up cooking if I really (have) to.
15 The dog (bite) you if you (tease) him.
16 I (speak) fluent English if I (have) a chance to go to England from time to time.
17 I (be) very grateful if you (explain) it to me once again.
18 If my sister (can) type, she (certainly type) the letter for me.
19 The new product (sell) much better if its price (not be) so high.
20 I think your parents (agree) to your going with us if you (ask) them.
21 If the politicians in our country (be) more reasonable, there (be) no economic crisis here.
22 I (not live) here if I had the chance to work in another city.
23 Peter (be) able to help us if he (be) here now.
24 I don't think I (recognise) your son if I (see) him in the street.
25 I think you (look) smart if you (put) the jacket on.
26 Runninig one's own business (be) much easier if people (be) more honest.
27 If you (change) your duty hours, the students (stop) complaining.
28 What (you do) if you (see) a burglar in your house in the middle of the night?
29 I (buy) a better car if I (can) afford it.
30 If there (be) a lift here, I (not have) to climb the stairs each day.
Ill typ
1 Gdybyśmy słuchali uwag trenera, wygralibyśmy wczoraj mecz.

2 Ciekawe co byś zrobił, gdybyś go tam wczoraj spotkał.
3 Gdyby policja nie przybyła na czas, sam musiałbym interweniować.
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4 Jako dziecko chodziłbym do lepszej szkoły, gdyby moi rodzice mieli więcej pieniędzy.
5 To biedne dziecko przeżyłoby, gdyby pomoc nadeszła na czas.
6 Wysłalibyśmy wam pocztówkę z Włoch, gdybyśmy nie zapomnieli waszego adresu.
7 Kurs języka hiszpańskiego rozpocząłby się we wrześniu, gdyby więcej studentów zapisało
się na niego.
8 Gdybym jej wtedy o tym powiedział, na pewno by się rozpłakała.
9 Pozostalibyśmy w Gdańsku, gdyby mojemu mężowi nie zaoferowano lepszej pracy w
Warszawie.
10 Nie sprzedalibyśmy naszego domu, gdybyśmy kilka lat temu nie mieli kłopotów
finansowych.
11 Nie spowodowałbyś wypadku, gdybyś jechał wolniej.
12 Nie potrafiłbym odpowiedzieć na wszystkie twoje pytania, gdybym wcześniej nie
przeczytał tamtego sprawozdania.
13 Pożyczyłbym im drukarkę, gdyby mnie o to poprosili.
14 Nie czekałabym na pana tak długo, gdybym wiedziała, że nie chce pan widzieć się ze mną.
15 Nie rozwiedliby się, gdyby się naprawdę kochali.
16 Gdybym wiedział, że ma tyle problemów, pomógłbym mu.
17 Gdzie spędzilibyście ostatnią noc, gdyby nie było wolnych miejsc na polu campingowym?
18 Przyszedłbym na zebranie w porę, gdybym po drodze nie spotkał rodziców Roberta.
19 Wszystko to na pewno nie zdarzyłoby się, gdyby organizatorzy wcześniej wezwali policję.
20 Gdybyś spotkała mnie, kiedy byłem młody, zakochałabyś się we mnie.
21 Więcej egzemplarzy moich książek zostałoby wydanych, gdybym podpisał umowy z
większym wydawnictwem.
22 Gdybyś wstała wcześniej, wysłuchałabyś wiadomości o siódmej.
23 Dobrze bawilibyście się, gdybyście poszli wczoraj na koncert.
24 Kupiłbym bilety, gdyby były jeszcze osiągalne.
25 Więcej ludzi głosowałoby na niego w ostatnich wyborach, gdyby w przeszłości był
przeciwny wysokim podatkom.
26 Nie oglądałbym tego filmu z takim zainteresowaniem, gdyby nie grała w nim moja
ulubiona aktorka.
27 Nie pobierałbym tak dużej sumy pieniędzy, gdybym nie kupował biletów lotniczych.
28 Zastanawiam się, jak zareagowałby twój szef, gdyby słyszał co mówisz o jego firmie.
29 Zdążylibyśmy wszystko zrobić wczoraj, gdybyście nam pomogli.
30 Dzieci nie znalazłyby lekarstw, gdybyś je lepiej schował.
1 If I (have) more time, I (prepare) for the examination much better.

2 If Tom (send) the letter on Monday, we (receive) it by yesterday.
3 More people (come) to the concert last Saturday if it (be) advertised on the radio.
4 If we (meet) twenty years ago, we (probably get) married.
5 Ian (be) paid more money if he (sign) a better contract.
6 Peter (paint) the walls blue if we (not convince) him not to do that.
7 We (make) another attempt to climb that mountain if our teacher (not persuade) us not to.
8 If you (not behave) the way you did, the police (not become) suspicious.
9 Their marriage (be) a success if Chris (not drink) so much.
10 If my wife (like) that flat, I am sure we (buy) it.
11 Everything (change) for the better if Steve (not make) that terrible mistake.
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12 If I (not drink), I (not ask) my wife to drive the car.
13 If I (not remember) Pete's address, we (not find) his place so easily.
14 The picture (not be) sold for such huge amount of money if it (not be) painted by Monet.
15 His grandmother (be) delighted if she (see) her grandson playing the piano.
16 If we (take) that man's advice, we (find) a place to stay by eleven.
17 You (pass) all your exams if you (work) harder.
18 We (have) more copies ofthat book printed if we (know) so many students were
interested in having one.
19 If you (not fight) with that boy, he (not give) you a black eye.
20 I (buy) her flowers if I (really want) to apologise to her.
21 It is obvious that I (pay) much more for the suit if I (not buy) it in the sale.
22 If they (offer) me that job, I (certainly take) it.
23 If my son (leave) the house at 7:30, he (not be) late to school.
24 The soup (be) more tasty if you (not put) so much salt in it.
25 If my grandfather (not smoke) about thirty cigarettes a day, he (not die) so young.
26 I (not argue) if I (not be) right.
27 If we (not win) yesterday, our team (be) relegated.
28 If you (put) the key where you should have put it, I (find) it easily.
29 If you (write) your essay in a pencil, you (be) able to rub out all the mistakes which were
marked.
30 The bomb (cause) a lot of damage if it (explode).
I , II i III typ
1 Marry (be) happy if you visit her tomorrow.

2 The old woman (be) killed if the driver hadn't stopped the car.
3 The burglars would have left us with no money if we (not pay) it in our bank account
earlier.
4 We would always have our dinner earlier if mother (not finish) her job so late.
5 I will not agree to my daughter's going out so late if Tom (not go) with her.
6 Our family (not be) so well-off if our father weren't so successful in business.
7 If I (not have) something to eat, I'll die of hunger.
8 If you (not win) tomorrow, we would all be very disappointed.
9 If you don't let us down, we (not let) you down.
10 We (have) to change at South Kensington if we miss the 11:40 train.
II Perhaps I would like her more if she (not be) so conceited.
12 If the girl (shout), we would have heard her voice.
13 If only I (know) more details, I would help you.
14 Our company may go bunkrupt if we (employ) more people.
15 We will call the police if there (be) problems with the football supporters.
16 You might have bought it cheaper if you (shop) in another place.
17 We could grow pineapples if we (live) in a different climate.
18 We would have arrived there on time if the driver (not drive) so slowly.
19 It will cost him a lot of money if he (fail) to do it himself.
20 I will catch him if he (not run) so fast.
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21 We would change the car if we (can) afford to buy a new one.
22 If I (have) my glasses on, I would be able to read what is written here.
23 If, as you say, you (wake) up before seven, you wouldn't have come late to school.
24 If I use the whole film, I (have) it developed.
25 Sharon will regret it if she (not be) here tomorrow.
26 If she eats all these sweets, she (be) sick.
27 The beggar wouldn't have asked for a glass of water if he (not be) thirsty.
28 If I (speak) Spanish, I wouldn't feel so helpless here in Argentina.
29 Andrew would be pleased if you (invite) him to dinner.
30 Please let us know if you (decide) to stay here for another week.
1 Udałoby ci się to zrobić, gdybyś jutro raz jeszcze spróbował.

2 Czy rodzice Jane byliby zachwyceni, gdyby ich córka w przyszłym roku wyszła za Mike'a?
3 Odwiedzilibyśmy was wczoraj, gdyby Tom nie wrócił tak późno.
4 Jeżeli nie posłuchasz jego rady, pewnego dnia możesz tego żałować.
5 Bob nie rozwiązałby tamtego zadania, gdyby rzeczywiście było skomplikowane.
6 Gdyby była zadowolona ze swego ostatniego zakupu, nie zwróciłaby go do sklepu.
7 Gdybyś miał wybierać z tych dwóch filmów, który zdecydowałbyś się obejrzeć?
8 Nazwaliby cię tchórzem, gdybyś wczoraj zmienił decyzję.
9 Jeżeli okaże się, że nie mam racji, ustąpię ze stanowiska.
10 Gdyby w naszym kraju było więcej takich hoteli, więcej turystów przyjeżdżałoby tu.
11 Nie zdasz egzaminu, jeżeli będziesz opuszczał tyle zajęć.
12 Pomógłbym wam, gdybym wiedział jak.
13 Więcej zapłaciłbym za bilet, gdyby wiedzieli, że skończyłem szesnaście lat.
14 Czy sądzisz, że Arsenal wygrałby swój ostatni mecz, gdyby zagrał w nim Alan Smith?
15 Jeżeli policja znajdzie na miejscu przestępstwa jego odciski palców, nie będzie trudno
udowodnićjego winę.
16 Złodzieje nie kradliby tylu samochodów w naszym kraju, gdyby mieli więcej trudności z
ich rejestracją.
17 Gdybym była trochę wyższa, mogłabym dosięgnąć sufitu.
18 Ojciec nie spóźniłby się wczoraj na zebranie, gdyby nie zapomniał nastawić budzika.
19 Nigel pojedzie z wami, jeżeli go na to namówicie.
20 Nie parkowałbym samochodu przed domem, gdybym miał garaż.
21 Jeżeli publicznie przyznasz się do popełnienia błędu, ludzie przebaczą ci.
22 Rozwiązałbym tamto zadanie, gdyby dano mi więcej czasu.
23 Gdzie będziesz pracować, jeżeli rzucisz tę pracę?
24 Gdybym wziął tamtą książkę, bibliotekarka zauważyłaby to.
25 Gdybyś nie był temu przeciwny, nasz nowy produkt zostałby znacznie wcześniej
wprowadzony na rynek.
26 Gdybyśmy nie mieli małych dzieci, myślę, że częściej byśmy podróżowali.
27 Nie nudzilibyśmy się na wykładach profesora Wild'a, gdyby były bardziej interesujące.
28 Jeżeli w najbliższym czasie nie wykorzystam tej szansy, to stracę ją na zawsze.
29 Więcej pasażerów latałoby naszymi liniami, gdyby bilety nie były takie drogie.
30 Uwierzą ci, jeżeli będziesz przemawiać do nich przekonywująco.
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Typy mieszane
1 Gdybyś był tak silny jak mówisz, nie przegrałbyś wczoraj.

2 Nie mielibyśmy teraz tylu problemów, gdybyśmy wcześniej przemyśleli wszystkie
szczegóły.
3 Gdyby cię nie kochał, nie podarowałby ci tak drogiego naszyjnika.
4 Mógłbyś teraz znaleźć interesującą pracę, gdybyś w szkole uczył się języków obcych.
5 Gdybyś się wtedy do nas przyłączył, nie żałowałbyś teraz tego.
6 Przyznałby się wczoraj do popełnienia błędu, gdyby nie był tchórzem.
7 Gdybyśmy nie wydali tylu pieniędzy w Szwecji, moglibyśmy pojechać w przyszłym
miesiącu do Grecji.
8 Być może uwierzyłabym w to co mówisz, gdybyś wcześniej tak często mnie nie
okłamywał.
9 Gdybyśmy tak dobrze nie zarabiali, nie posłalibyśmy naszych dzieci do prywatnych szkół.
10 Nie mieliby teraz tylu wątpliwości, gdybyś wcześniej wyjaśnił wszystko szczegółowo.
11 Nie zapłaciłbym tak dużo za ten pierścionek, gdyby nie był złoty.
12 Z łatwością byśmy jutro wygrali, gdyby trzech naszych najlepszych zawodników nie
zostało odsuniętych od gry.
13 Znacznie mniej widzów oglądałoby mecze, gdybyśmy nie wybudowali nowej hali.
14 Gdybyśmy mieszkali w tym samym kraju co nasi rodzice, z pewnością spędzilibyśmy
ostatnie Święta Bożego Narodzenia razem.
15 Nie miałbyś teraz problemów ze zdrowiem, gdybyś dbał o siebie w młodości.
16 Pojechalibyśmy wkrótce w góry, gdyby nie skradziono naszego namiotu.
17 Wielu młodych ludzi wyjechałoby z tego kraju, gdyby był on biedniejszy.
18 Nie byłaby teraz tak niemiła dla ciebie, gdybyś jej wcześniej nie obraził.
19 Gdybyśmy wcześniej zarezerwowali miejsca w samolocie, lecielibyśmy jutro do La Paz.
20 Gdyby mój mąż nie był tak leniwy, już dawno skosiłby trawnik.
75 Dokończ każde z rozpoczętych zdań:
1 I'll let you go there...

2 I wouldn't be surprised ...
3 If we are not allowed to stay there ...
4 If they had realised the consequences ofthat decision ...
5 If I were you ...
6 I would have listened to the news...
7 If we do not find the way out...
8 If you ate it all...
9 The critics' attitude to your books would change immediately...
10 We will be able to take part in it ...
11 If it depended upon me...
12 Charles will be shocked ...
13 If they had been given another chance then ...
14 What would they do...
15 My boss would be surprised ...
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16 If they haven't got more volunteers...
17 What will happen ...
18 If your handwriting weren't so terrible...
19 If we don't receive your application by Tuesday...
20 Most passengers would have survived the crash...
21 I'll have to take care of my younger sister...
22 If I were younger...
23 If she hadn't been involved in that affair...
24 If I heard from Tim ...
25 The company would have achieved a notable improvement...
26 If anyone had questioned the dictator's decision ...
27 No one will recognise you ...
28 If you drop the cup...
29 If Roy asked me for money...
30 If the children weren't so tired ...
31 What would you have done...
32 Someone will stop you ...
33 Would you run after the thief...
34 If you don't do it tomorrow...
35 They wouldn't let me in...
Strona bierna
Strona czynna Strona bierna
Simple Present I study it. It is studied.

Present Continuous I am studying it. It is being studied.
Past Simple I studied it. It was studied.
Past Continuous I was studying it. It was being studied.
Present Perfect I have studied it. It has been studied.
Present Perfect Cont. I have been studying it. It has been studied.
Past Perfect I had studied it. It had been studied.
Past Perfect Cont. I had been studying it. It had been studied.
Future Simple I will study it. It will be studied.
Future Continuous I will be studying it. It will be studied.
Future Perfect I will have studied it. It will have been studied.
Future Perfect Cont. I will have been studying it. It will have been studied.
Future in the Past I would study it. It would be studied.
Future in the Past Cont. I would be studying it. It would be studied.
must, can, may, should I must study it. It must be studied.
have to I have to study it. It has to be studied.
Stronę bierną tworzymy odmieniając czasownik be oraz używając formy imiesłowu biernego
past participle. Dopełnienie w zdaniu w stronie czynnej staje się podmiotem w zdaniu w
stronie biernej.
W języku angielskim strona bierna występuje znacznie częściej niż w języku polskim.
Używamy jej w języku oficjalnym, urzędowym lub kiedy bardziej interesuje nas samo wykonanie
czynności niż to, kto ją wykonał. Używamy jej również, kiedy wykonawca czynności jest nieznany
lub bliżej nieokreślony (people, they, someone).
W zdaniach z dwoma dopełnieniami zarówno dopełnienie bliższe, jak i dalsze mogą w stronie
biernej stać się podmiotem:
She showed us her father's room.
Her father's room was shown to us (by her).

We were shown her father's room.
Podmiotem może być również dopełnienie przyimkowe:
They will laugh at you.
You will be laughed at.
W przypadku takich czasowników jak: assume, believe, consider, know, say, think, understand
itd., zdania typu: Mówi się, że..., Uważa się, że..., mogą być wyrażone dwoma sposobami:
They believe he is honest.
It is believed that he is honest.

He is believed to be honest.
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76 Zamień na stronę bierną.:
1 Chris had cleaned my room and watered the flowers.

2 She emptied the whole bottle.
3 Can't you do anything about it?
4 You must wear black trousers and a bow tie tomorrow.
5 Did he mention that at the meeting?
6 I will have to check everything again.
7 We will never forget him.
8 We informed Peter but he did not inform Andrew.
9 I have saved a lot of money so far.
10 Why is he keeping your watch?
11 It is high time someone told him to begin working hard.
12 Someone turned on the radio.
13 He brings milk to our door every morning.
14 They are painting the old building.
15 The ambulance took the poor woman to hospital at seven.
16 You must not take anything from my desk.
17 We called the police. They arrested the two thieves.
18 I searched my drawer and found my fountain pen there.
19 Do they often play tennis?
20 She might have typed it.
21 They chose the blue one.
22 They are repairing my car now.
23 I have bought a new suit. They are delivering it at three.
24 I will find you wherever you go.
25 You should not throw away the ticket before the journey is over.
26 Normally, they provide us with it.
27 They spent a lot of money on that project.
28 Someone will serve soft drinks shortly.
29 Why didn't you say that earlier?
30 You must not keep dogs in this flat.
31 We always ask visitors not to leave any of their belongings here.
32 We can do nothing before they arrive.
33 We will exhibit the paintings next week.
34 Who gave you my address?
35 I have warned her.
36 Has anyone seen my key?
37 She usually cleans my office. She last cleaned it on Friday.
38 He uses this pen only on special occasions.
39 You should not iron these curtains.
40 We will admit twenty five students this year.
41 Why did you not wash the curtains before you hung them?
42 You cannot disturb them now.
43 They were laughing at him all the time.
44 He did not introduce me to his mother-in-law.
45 They printed this book in Poland.
46 Have they bought the flowers yet?
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47 We will say nothing to her.
48 Someone left the wallet on the window sill yesterday. I found it.
49 They make these pipes of wood.
50 He may bring it the day after tomorrow.
51 They did not give all the details, they expected me to know them.
52 They sent him to prison some ten years ago.
53 Mark Twain wrote that novel, didn't he?
54 He normally drinks six pints of lager a day, yesterday he drank four.
55 You should check your paper before you hand it to your teacher.
1 Ta sztuka będzie wystawiana dziś wieczorem po raz pierwszy.

2 Czy umowa z bankiem została już podpisana?
3 To musi być zrobione na jutro.
4 Ten gatunek wina jest importowany z Węgier.
5 Zastanawiam się, kto będzie wybrany na prezydenta.
6 Nakarmiono tego kota wczoraj wieczorem.
7 Kiedy mój płaszcz będzie dostarczony z pralni?
8 Ten mecz powinien być jutro wygrany z łatwością.
9 Pana dokumenty są właśnie sprawdzane.
10 Dwukrotnie mierzono długość tego pokoju.
11 Ta książka czytana jest przez mojego ojca od dwóch dni.
12 Nie powinno się zostawiać małych dzieci samych w tak niebezpiecznym miejscu.
13 Ta sprawa będzie ponownie rozpatrzona w przyszłym tygodniu.
14 Odważni ludzie będązawsze podziwiani.
15 Kiedy wszedłem do łazienki, od razu zdałem sobie sprawę z tego, że korzystano z mojego
ręcznika.
16 Mój syn został pogryziony przez pańskiego psa.
17 Ta powieść została napisana przez Charies'a Dickens'a.
18 Czy już zapłacono za tę usługę?
19 Dlaczego nie podano kawy, kiedy pan Lawson był tutaj?
20 Moja noga została złamana, kiedy upadłem grając w piłkę nożną.
21 Te targi odbywają się w naszym mieście dopiero od trzech lat.
22 Mój najnowszy artykuł nie został jeszcze opublikowany w miejscowej gazecie.
23 Może pan wjeżdżać. Brama jest właśnie otwierana.
24 Jutro minie rok, jak mleko dostarczane jest do moich drzwi.
25 Ten problem był właśnie omawiany, kiedy przyszedłem na zebranie.
26 Gdzie są produkowane te urządzenia?
27 W tym miejscu wkrótce zostanie wybudowany nowy budynek.
28 Przez kogo został namalowany ten obraz? Przez Clauda Monet.
29 Mój mąż został oskarżony o coś, czego z pewnością nie zrobił.
30 Po hiszpańsku mówi się w wielu krajach Ameryki Południowej.
31 Radzono Robertowi, aby się wycofał.
32 Oczekuje się od ciebie, że wygrasz tę walkę z łatwością.
33 Pokazano mi drogę do najbliższej apteki.
34 Oczekują pana jutro o 11:30.
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35 Z uwagą wysłuchano wczoraj jego przemówienia.
36 Kilkakrotnie ostrzegano go przed niebezpieczeństwem.
37 Poproszono nas właśnie, abyśmy zostali w Warszawie do środy.
38 Kazano mi nie ujawniać szczegółów naszego planu.
39 Będzie pan operowany przez słynnego chirurga.
40 Radzono mi, abym nie zmieniał pracy.
41 To z pewnością zostało zrobione przez Brian'a.
42 Po sierpniu następuje wrzesień.
43 Pokaże mu się ten pokój jutro.
44 Dano mi to na urodziny.
45 Właśnie przedstawiono mnie twojej matce.
46 Mówiono o nim, że jest jednym z najbogatszych ludzi w Polsce.
47 Odmówiono mi wizy do Iranu.
48 Słyszano, jak Anna i Tom rozmawiali o przyszłości swojej firmy.
49 Będzie się mówić o tobie, że nie przestrzegasz prawa.
50 Podziwiano ją za mądrość i odwagę.
51 Poradzono nam, abyśmy się nad tym dobrze zastanowili.
52 Po przemówieniu prezesa nastąpiła zupełna cisza.
78 Zamień na stronę bierną dwoma sposobami:
przykład: - He showed me the picture.
I was shown the picture.

The picture was shown to me.
1 They gave my brother a warning.

2 The guide showed the tourists the old town.
3 The Australian Embassy refused an Arab tourist a visa.
4 The teacher asked us a very difficult question.
5 Our parents promised us a trip to Barcelona.
6 John recommended us another solicitor.
7 Susan gave the dog a bone.
8 The Smiths bought their daughter a flat.
9 The director offered me a new job.
10 They allowed me another half an hour.
79 Zamień na stronę czynną:
1 A beautiful tune is being played at the moment by them.

2 My dogs are usually fed twice a day.
3 The door should be locked.
4 This house is going to be sold by the Genders.
5 This parcel will be delivered by us tomorrow.
6 This plant is grown in Africa.
7 The floor has just been swept by the servant.
8 You will be forgiven.
9 Your tooth is going to be removed by the dentist.
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10 The match could have been won by our team.
11 The nest was made by that big bird.
12 This book hasn't been published in our country yet.
13 I was asked for money by a beggar.
14 Dogs are preferred to cats in Paul's family.
15 Has dinner been cooked by mother yet?
16 A very heavy suitcase is being carried by the porter.
17 These chairs needn't have been brought here.
18 The game was watched by some fifty thousand spectators.
19 Mike's leg was broken in a car accident.
20 Football is played all over the world.
21 The burglar was seen by James to break into the Smiths' house just after midnight.
22 He is said to speak several foreign languages.
23 A lot of money has been earned by Tom in London.
24 This article must be read very carefully.
25 Weren't you told not to touch it?
Następstwo czasów
Mowa zależna
Następstwo czasów występuje w zdaniach złożonych. Jeżeli czasownik w zdaniu nadrzędnym

(wprowadzającym) jest w czasie przeszłym Past Simple lub Past Continuous, to powoduje to
w języku angielskim zmianę czasu w zdaniu podrzędnym, jak gdyby przesunięcie o jeden
stopień wstecz.
Dzieje się to w sposób następujący:
a) I know you don't believe me. Present Simple

Wiem, że mi nie wierzysz. I
V
I knew you didn't believe me. Past Simple
Wiedziałem, że minie wierzysz.
b) I know you didn't believe me. Past Simple

Wiem, że mi nie uwierzyłeś. |
V
I knew you hadn't believed me. Past Perfect
Wiedziałem, że minie uwierzyłeś.
c) I think Bob has already come. Present Perfect

Myślę, że Bob już przyjechał. I
V
I thought Bob had already come Past Perfect
Myślałem, że Bob już przyjechał.
d) Ihopetheywilldoitsoon. FutureSimple
Mam nadzieję, że zrobią to wkrótce. |
V
I hoped they would do it soon. Future in the Past
Miałem nadzieję, że zrobią to wkrótce.
Jak wynika z powyższych zdań, wspomniane wcześniej przesunięcie czasu wstecz w zdaniu
podrzędnym w języku polskim nie występuje.
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Mowa zależna (Indirect Speech)
Szczególnym przypadkiem następstwa czasów jest mowa zależna. Polega ona na

relacjonowaniu wypowiedzi własnej lub innej osoby. Zdania oznajmujące w mowie zależnej
najczęściej rozpoczynają się takimi słowami jak:
add dodać point out zauważyć

admit przyznać remark zwrócić uwagę, zauważyć
answer odpowiadać report zgłaszać
complain narzekać say powiedzieć
declare deklarować state stwierdzić
deny zaprzeczać tell powiedzieć
explain wyjaśniać whisper szeptać
Zmiany dotyczące czasów.
Simple Present > Simple Past
"I rarely go to the cinema", said John

John said he rarely went to the cinema.
Present Continuous > Past Continuous
"My younger sister is sleeping", said Tom

Tom said his younger sister was sleeping.
Present Perfect > Past Perfect
"I have found the key", said Ann

Ann said she had found the key.
Present Perfect Continuous > Past Perfect Continuous
"I have been looking for it for an hour", said Bob.

Bob said he had been looking for it for an hour.
Simple Past > Past Perfect
"I met him in London", said Chris

Chris said he had met him in London.
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Past Continuous > Past Perfect Continuous
"I was swimming", said Fiona

Fiona said she had been swimming.
Future Simple > Future in the Past
"I will do it", said Peter

Peter said he would do it.
Future Continuous > Future in the Past Continuous
"I will be waiting for you", said Robert

Robert said he would be waiting for me.
Future Perfect > Future Perfect in the Past
"I will have finished it by seven", said James

James said he would have finished it by seven.
Future Perfect Continuous > Future Perfect in the Past

Continuous
"I will have been waiting for her for an hour soon", complained Bill.
Bill cmplained he would have been waiting for her for an hour soon.
First Conditional > Second Conditional
"If I see Betty, I will give it to her", said Mark

Mark said if he saw Betty, he would give it to her.
Czasy: Future in the Past (Cont.), Past Perfect (Cont.) oraz II i III typ zdań
warunkowych w mowie zależnej nie zmieniają się.
Zmiany dotyczące określników i zaimków.
here > there

this > the, that
these > the, those
ago > before
tomorrow > the next day, the following day
yesterday > the day before, the previous day
today > that day
tonight > that night
now > then
last > the before
next > the following
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Uwaga: Jeżeli czas i miejsce relacjonowanej wypowiedzi nie zmieniły się, to podane wyżej
przysłówki, określniki a także zaimki nie zmieniają się.
Pytania
Pytania w mowie zależnej mają strukturę zdań oznajmujących i podlegajątym samym regułom
następstwa czasów i pozostałym zmianom co zdania oznajmujące.
Rozpoczynają się najczęściej słowami:
ask pytać
inquire dowiadywać się
want to know chcieć wiedzieć
wonder zastanawiać się
Pytania ogólne zawierają słowa if lub whether(czy), a pytania szczegółowe słowa: who, what,
where, when, why, what time, how much, how many
"Do you know my boss?"

Tom asked me if I knew his boss.
'What time did they arrive?"

Tom asked what time they had arrived.
Polecenia, zakazy i prośby
W mowie zależnej wyrażane są formą bezokolicznika poprzedzoną słowem to. W zakazach

dodatkowo używamy słowa not.
Zaczynają się słowami:
ask rozkazać tell kazać

order kazać urge ponaglać
remind przypominać wam ostrzegać
"Go away!"
He told me to go away.
"Don't do that!"
He told me not to do that.
80 Zamień na mowę zależną:
1 "I will be seeing my doctor tomorrow," said Tom.

2 'You ought to visit us more often," said Charles.
3 'They are probably looking for you, Tim," said my secretary.
4 "Roy will be angry if he leams about that," said Chris.
5 "I broke my leg while I was playing against Barcelona," said the player.
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6 "I heard them talking about you yesterday," said my brother.
7 'We enjoyed the play very much," said the children.
8 'The train usually arrives at platform six, but today it is arriving at platform two," said the
man.
9 "I haven't left a message," said Peter.
10 'We will have to think about it," said Joseph.
11 "We had known each other for a year and a half before we got married," said Julia and
Tom.
12 "I can type but I don't speak Spanish so I am not likely to get the job," complained Fiona.
13 "I have always wanted to hear this from you," whispered Sharon.
14 "I will have done it by tomorrow," said the plumber.
15 "I have no idea where to look for it," said Brian.
1 'When and where are Peter and Tom arriving?" asked Paul.
2 "How did the doctor react when he heard that?" asked my mother.
3 "How long had you known each other before you got married?" asked Betty.
4 'What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?" asked my teacher.
5 "How much do I owe you?" Andrew said to me.
6 "Have you ever been to Las Vegas?" the professor said to me.
7 "Do you think they will have completed it by next Tuesday?" Mr Onslow said to me.
8 "Since what time have you been waiting for the bus?" asked the tall man.
9 "Does your father grow vegetables in the garden?" asked Mary.
10 'Will you take up studying Russian if they decide to send you to Moscow?" the manager
said to me.
11 'Why won't John accompany you?" asked Robert.
12 "How long has your father been here?" asked Bob.
13 'Were they interested in our offer?" asked Bill.
14 'Why are you asking me about this?" Richard asked Andrew.
15 "Are you going to inform your brother about your plans?" mother asked me.
1 "Give it to John as soon as he comes!" my teacher said to me.

2 "Don't come here so often!" Rachel's mother said to me.
3 "Don't give up the job before you find another!" my father said to me.
4 "Don't touch it as it is very fragile!" Robert said to me.
5 "Buy three tickets for the twelve o'clock train!" said Philip to me.
6 "Please be quiet while I am not here!" the mother said to her kids.
7 'Take this exam in June!" Ralph said to me.
8 "Wind up the clock before you go to bed !" Ann said to her husband.
9 "Forgive me, I did not mean to do it!" Paul said to Nadia.
10 "Don't mention this unless John does it first!" Miss Crawford said to Richard.
11 "Leave it here and go away!" Nigel said to Steven.
12 "Visit us when you happen to come to Brighton!" Karen said to Charles.
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13 "Don't lend him the money as he hasn't got a job!" my mother said to me.
14 "Be careful with this dog!" Mr Major said to his son.
15 "Don't drive as you have been drinking!" Sindy said to her husband.
1 Pan Sulivan zeznał, że jego córka prasowała, kiedy przyszedł do domu.

2 Zapewnił mnie, że nie był w stanie kontynuować walki.
3 Nauczyciel powiedział, że nie jest zadowolony z mojego wypracowania.
4 Ojciec narzekał, że ktoś zajął jego miejsce na parkingu.
5 Tom powiedział, że ktoś dzwoni do niego regularnie o północy.
6 Jane powiedziała, że znalazła swój parasol dopiero, kiedy przestało padać.
7 Powiedział, że nie będzie rozmawiał długo.
8 Mój doradca finansowy powiedział, że powinnam wpłacić moje oszczędności do banku
na rachunek terminowy.
9 Narzekała, że od kilku dni nie czuje się dobrze.
10 Prezes powiedział, że nie będzie żadnych zmian w polityce finansowej firmy.
11 Powiedział, że to co mówię nie jest prawdą.
12 Robert był pewien, że znamy się od kilku lat.
13 Zapewnił nas, że wkrótce zostanie mistrzem świata.
14 Żalił się, że nikt nie chciał mu pomóc.
15 Powiedział nam, że znalazł ten zegarek na plaży.
1 Mama spytała Tinę, co jadła na śniadanie.

2 Policjant zapytał mnie, czy piłem alkohol.
3 Dziennikarze pytali premiera, dlaczego tak często jeździ do Brukseli.
4 Zapytano John'a, czy zamierza zmieniać pracę.
5 Kilkakrotnie pytałam Debbie, czy widziała gdzieś moje notatki.
6 Zapytała mnie, czy zostanę tu sama, czy z rodzicami.
7 Zapytano mnie, czy kiedykolwiek odwiedziłem Brazylię.
8 Zapytałem Trevora, jak często chodzi do dentysty.
9 Policjant pytał mnie, co dokładnie zostało skradzione z mojego mieszkania.
10 Uczniowie pytali nauczyciela, kiedy pojadądo Holandii.
11 Martin zapytał Judy, czy potrafi jeździć na łyżwach.
12 Turyści pytali przewodnika, przez kogo zbudowany został ten zamek.
13 David zapytał Jeniffer, o której godzinie ona zwykle wstaje.
14 Chcieliśmy wiedzieć, kiedy inni przyłączą się do nas.
15 Claire zapytała mnie, jaki kolor lubię najbardziej.
1 Mike poprosił nas, abyśmy zaczekali do czwartku.

2 Powiedziano nam, abyśmy tego nie dotykali.
96
3 Kazał nam zrobić to natychmiast.
4 Dziadek poradził mi, abym nie wierzył wszystkim ludziom.
5 Czy nie powiedziano ci, abyś zostawił te rzeczy w szkole?
6 Mama prosiła mnie, abym pomógł jej posprzątać łazienkę.
7 Ojciec kazał mi wyprowadzić psa wieczorem.
8 Robert prosił, abyśmy dali mu spokój.
9 William powiedział, abym zadzwonił do niego około dziesiątej.
10 Lekarz ostrzegł mnie, abym nie brała więcej niż trzy tabletki dziennie.
11 Tamten człowiek błagał nas, aby dać mu jeszcze jedną szansę.
12 Wilsonowie prosili nas, abyśmy zostali jeszcze na kilka dni.
13 Szef polecił mi przygotować sprawozdanie na środę.
14 Babcia kazała dzieciom zabrać ich rzeczy do swojego pokoju.
15 Nauczyciel poprosił Piotra, aby otworzył okno.
1 "Why are you looking at me?" asked Peter.

2 "Who took my typewriter from the desk?" asked Jane.
3 "I know someone who may help us," said Peter.
4 "I will have done it by next Friday," said John.
5 "I lost my cheque-book yesterday," complained the old man.
6 "Draw the curtains, please," said Betty.
7 'Who lives in this strange house?" asked Betty.
8 'Wait for us at Betty's!" said Paul.
9 "I have lost my glasses and I cannot find them anywhere," complained my grandfather.
10 'You should not borrow money from Jane as her income is very low," said Peter.
11 "I shall do it for you," said Paul.
12 'We are going to have our house painted next month," said our neighbours.
13 "Do not touch it, there might be a snake!" warned James.
14 'What is the new girl like?" asked the boss.
15 "I should have been told about it before," remarked Chris.
16 "I have no idea why they have not come yet," said my mother.
17 "If I were you, I would not do it," said Tom.
18 "Do you love me or not?" asked the young man.
19 "Can you dance as well as she can?" asked Betty.
20 "Please leave the basket here," said the shop assistant.
21 "I will not be able to see you tomorrow," said Sarah.
22 "I would rather you did not choose the blue one," said my husband.
23 "I will go there only if Peter does not," said Jane.
24 'Who told you this?" asked my wife.
25 "Do not mention it to anyone, please," asked Tom.
26 "Shall I ask him to come in?" asked the secretary.
27 "I have a few cars but I prefer to walk," said the rich man.
28 "I do trust you!" assured Francis.
29 "I love animals but my husband doesn't," complained Mrs Fox.
30 "Do you often happen to be here?" asked Bill. 'Yes," I answered.
31 "Aren't they tired of doing this sort of thing?" asked a woman.
32 "Our son has just got married," said John's parents.
97
33 "I must leave at four," said the driver.
34 "If they had given it to me yesterday, I would have written the report," said Joseph.
35 "Do not disturb Peter, he is working hard," said Peter's wife.
36 "I cannot see you this week but I will be able to meet you next month," Jane said to me.
37 "Whose shoes did you wear last night,Tom?" asked his brother.
38 "Would you prefer to stay with us or to go with Tom?" asked Karen.
39 "Stop making this terrible noise!" said our mother.
40 "Be careful, they may try to cheat you," said Chris.
41 "Don't smoke in this room when the kids are here," Laura said to Mark.
42 "Have you ever been to Spain?" the guide said to me.
43 "Why did you meet him yesterday?" asked my mother.
44 "Do not tease the cat, children," said mother.
45 "What would you do if you won $2,000,000?" she asked.
"I would give up working for Mr Lee," I answered.
46 'Would you like another cup of tea?" asked Mrs White.
47 "I know you saw him last week," John said to me.
48 "Do not forget to be here at six," reminded Dorothy.
49 'What else did they take from your room?" asked the policeman.
50 "Am I being listened to?" asked the lecturer.
51 "I wonder where my wife is," said Mr Green.
52 'Who told you this story?" asked the teacher.
53 'What were they doing when you came in?" asked the officer.
54 "If Crystal Palace did not win tomorrow, we would be very upset," said the supporters.
55 "Did she say it or not?" asked the judge.
98
KLUCZ
DO
ĆWICZEŃ
1
1 Betty is listening to the radio now.
2 The children are not playing at the moment, they are sleeping.
3 Is John preparing for the examinations?
4 Why aren't you doing your homework?
5 My parents are drinking tea at the moment.
6 Mr Cox is painting his house now.
7 My neighbours are resting in the garden at the moment.
8 Tom is writing a letter to Ann now.
9 The pupils are sitting in the classroom now.
10 The teacher is standing in front of the blackboard and speaking to the pupils.
11 Where are they going now?
12 Who is knocking at the door?
13 Father is repairing the car now.
14 Mother is cleaning the children's room now.
15 The secretary is typing a letter.
16 I am reading a very interesting novel.
17 What is she doing now? She is watching a film.
18 I am going to the mountains next week.
19 We are going to the cinema today.
20 I am just thinking about your offer.
21 Look at that boy. He is beating the dog.
22 Don't come in there. They are having an argument.
23 We are having a Russian lesson now.
24 Robert is posting a letter in the post-box.
25 At present we are building a lot of new shops in our town.
26 What are you listening to?
27 Let's not disturb Ann. She is typing a letter.
28 Peter is helping his brother to solve a difficult problem.
29 What are you talking about?
30 Why aren't you dancing?
2
1 Is the English lesson finishing now? The English lesson is not finishing now.
2 Are we staying with our aunt? We are not staying with our aunt.
3 Is Chris running very fast? Chris is not running very fast.
4 Is father working in the garden now? Father is not working in the garden now.
5 Is she smiling at you? She is not smiling at you.
6 Is grandmother preparing a meal? Grandmother is not preparing a meal.
7 Am I writing a letter to my friend? I am not writing a letter to my friend.
8 Are they building a new cinema in our district? They are not building a new cinema in
our district.
9 Is the artist painting a picture? The artist is not painting a picture.
10 Is the housewife cleaning the carpet? The housewife is not cleaning the carpet.
11 Is John leaving us on Saturday? John is not leaving us on Saturday.
12 Are we playing chess at the moment? We are not playing chess at the moment.
13 Is the doctor examining Betty's throat? The doctor is not examining Betty's throat.
14 Is the boss talking to his new secretary? The boss is not talking to his new secretary.
15 Are we having breakfast now? We are not having breakfast now.
101
3 4
1 is teaching 1 is boiling
2 are you not wearing
2 am still ironing
3 is flying
3 am watching
4 is Tom doing, is helping
5 is mending 4 are playing
6 are you moving, are painting 5 are making, are doing
7 is shining, are playing, are having 6 am not driving, is repairing
8 is always ringing, asking 7 is riding
9 is working 8 am still reading
10 are you using 9 are going
11 are you doing
10 are you not taking
12 are going
13 is waving
14 am having, am catching 5
15 are you driving 1 We sometimes buy butter in this shop.
16 are doing 2 I usually drink beer after lunch.
17 is looking 3 Ann plays the violin very well.
18 are not going, is raining, is blowing 4 My secretary always comes on time.
19 is taking
5 We often use the microwave oven.
20 are you doing, am looking
6 I like tea but prefer coffee.
21 am leaving, am packing
22 is Chris doing, is probably waiting 7 We usually go abroad in summer.
23 are having, are bringing 8 Water boils at 100 °C.
24 is giving 9 I hate gossips.
25 am taking 10 I see you don't understand me.
26 is playing 11 Young people like exotic trips very much.
27 am meeting
12 We usually go to bed at eleven.
28 is visiting
13 Water turns into ice at 0 °C.
29 are the Woodles going
30 am having 14 One dollar equals a hundred cents.
31 are celebrating 15 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
32 are returning 16 lam sure you know the answer to my question.
33 are/is opening 17 My wife spends a lot of money on clothes.
34 are moving 18 Bill thinks too little and speaks too much.
35 am giving
19 Actors play in films and plays.
36 are getting
20 Famous sportsmen earn a lot of money.
37 are sending
38 am playing 21 Your brother speaks very fast.
39 are building 22 I know a lot of poems by heart.
40 is closing 23 Most shops open at 9:00.
41 am collecting 24 We never spend our holidays in the mountains.
42 are going 25 We most often go to the seaside.
43 are you talking
26 How often do you see your boyfriend?
44 are you doing, are eating
27 I am afraid he doesn't believe you.
45 is taking
28 Does Bob always come here?
29 What time do you usually have breakfast?
30 I do not like jazz but love classical music.
102
31 Father starts work at 9:00 and finishes at 12 He has dinner at home.
17:00. 13 He reads an evening paper.
32 Mother does not go to football matches. 14 He watches TV for about two hours.
33 The flats in Warsaw do not cost so much 15 He feels tired and goes to bed.
as the flats in London. 16 He spends too much money on gambling.
34 Pineapples do not grow in our country. 17 He rarely visits his relatives in Germany.
35 My parents do not keep their money in a 18 He wears a suit every day.
private bank. 19 He does not like onion.
20 He tries not to drive his car in the rush hour.
6 21 He always helps his parents.
1 go 22 He thinks he is superstitious.
2 buy 23 He very often forgets the key.
3 visit 24 He grows beautiful flowers in his garden.
4 loves 25 He often makes coffee but never drinks it.
5 rains 26 He does not carry heavy things.
6 snows 27 He prefers a good book to a good film.
7 do not speak 28 He rides a bike from time to time.
8 do you usually spend 29 He rarely borrows money but always
9 visits remembers to give it back.
10 does not like 30 He often receives guests.
11 does he always stay, comes
12 does the postman come 8
13 misses 1 I come from
14 wants 2 I live in
15 do not own 3 My father works in
16 does not want, intends 4 I usually have breakfast at
17 does not belong 5 A doctor treats people.
18 do not play 6 I always remind you about it because
19 Do you remember 7 I have arguments with my younger
20 collects sister
8 I usually have for my breakfast.
7 9 I usually talk about with my parents.
1 He lives in London. 10 My brother likes
2 He works in Chelsea. 11 I usually spend my winter holidays in
3 He gets up at 7:30. 12 My sister studies
4 He brushes his teeth. 13 My neighbour works as a
5 He takes a shower. 14 I pay for my flat.
6 He has his coffee at 8:00. 15 I know English writers.
7 He goes to work by car. 16 I share the room with
8 He parks the car in the street. 17 I want to visit Rome because
9 He works in the office. 18 My father shaves
10 He starts work at 9:00. 19 Mr White teaches me English.
11 He finishes work at 6:00. 20 I wash up after dinner in our family.
103
9
1 Does he love Mary? He does not love Mary.
2 Does Mary love him? Mary does not love him.
3 Do you look beautiful? You do not look beautiful.
4 Does she talk too much? She does not talk too much.
5 Do my parents belong to the Conservative Party? My parents do not belong to the
Conservative Party.
6 Do they live at the seaside? They do not live at the seaside.
7 Do you often forget to pay for your meal? You do not often forget to pay for your meal.
8 Does she always come on time? She does not always come on time.
9 Do they pick grapes in August? They do not pick grapes in August.
10 Does the sun rise early in summer? The sun does not rise early in summer.
11 Does she believe me? She does not believe me.
12 Do I remember his telephone number? I do not remember his telephone number.
13 Does she know the truth? She does not know the truth.
14 Do we visit Cracow twice a year? We do not visit Cracow twice a year.
15 Does Susan borrow money from her friends? Susan does not borrow money from her friends.
16 Does your father work very hard? Your father does not work very hard.
17 Does he drive very carefully? He does not drive very carefully.
18 Do they trust you? They do not trust you.
19 Do his cousins run this place? His cousins do not run this place.
20 Do we share the expenses? We do not share the expenses.
21 Does she generally agree with me? She does not generally agree with me.
22 Do I swim three times a week? I do not swim three times a week.
23 Do we play bridge on Fridays and Saturdays? We do not play bridge on Fridays and
Saturdays.
24 Do I shave each morning? I do not shave each morning.
25 Do we make use of it? We do not make use of it.
26 Do I share the room with Max? I do not share the room with Max.
27 Do they sell fish here? They do not sell fish here.
28 Does my grandfather usually walk the dog? My grandfather does not usually walk the dog.
29 Does Henrys girlfriend cook very well? Henry's girlfriend does not cook very well.
30 Does his uncle often give him a present? His uncle does not often give him a present.
10
1 Does his sister play the violin, too?
2 Does your wife speak Russian, too?
3 Does her husband hate getting up early, too?
4 Don't you know how to do it, too?
5 Do you usually have tea for breakfast, too?
6 Does it often rain in your country, too?
7 Do you need some help from your parents, too?
8 Does your wife play tennis very well, too?
9 Does your daughter make a lot of mistakes, too?
10 Does your father come from Hungary, too?
11 Do you visit them regularly, too?
12 Does your father earn much more than your mother, too?
13 Do you intend to visit Milan this summer, too?
14 Does he know the right answer, too?
15 Does your sister prefer to write with a pen, too?
104
11
1 come 2 does not feel 3 do you want 4 speaks 5 starts 6 is 7 finishes 8 lives
9 has 10 kisses, comes 11 work 12 need 13 takes 14 invite 15 do not eat
16 catch 17 do not 18 Do you 19 washes 20 do not watch 21 treat 22 makes
23 flows 24 sells 25 play, win 26 grows 27 smokes 28 fall 29 have, distribute
30 reads
12
1 What time does your brother get up?
2 What car does your brother drive?
3 How often does your brother go to the cinema?
4 How much does your brother earn a month?
5 What does your brother read?
6 How many cups of coffee does your brother drink a day?
7 Where does your brother go for his holidays?
8 What kind of music does your brother like?
9 When does your brother go to church?
10 How often does your brother visit his parents?
11 How does your brother travel?
12 How many jackets does your brother have? / has your brother got?
13 When does your brother shave?
14 How much does your brother spend a week?
15 Where does your brother sleep?
13
1 They usually clean the windows.
2 She usually bakes cakes.
3 He usually works hard.
4 She usually drives her father's car.
5 They usually have their lunch in the garden.
6 Tom usually plays tennis.
7 Chris usually leaves early.
8 John usually helps his mother.
9 They usually get off at South Kensington.
10 Robert usually looks after his younger brother.
11 Ann usually writes long letters.
12 John usually looks for the keys.
13 She usually drinks coffee for breakfast.
14 They usually read the evening papers.
15 She usually washes up.
16 Tim usually drives too fast.
17 Grandmother usually has a rest after lunch.
18 Ralph usually sweeps the floor.
19 The housewife usually carries heavy bags.
20 We usually go out in the evening.
14
1 But today he is listening to folk music.
2 But today he is drinking hot milk.
3 But today they are singing an English song.
105
4 But today he is dancing with Betty.
5 But today he is driving a Toyota.
6 But today they are eating out in a Greek restaurant.
7 But today they are watching a Spanish film.
8 But today they are paying in pounds.
9 But today he is using a Japanese computer.
10 But today he is playing the guitar.
11 But today they are having pork for dinner.
12 But today he is reading a novel.
13 But today she is buying bananas.
14 But today I am sleeping downstairs.
15 But today he is finishing his work at eight.
16 But today I am flying LOT.
17 But today he is visiting us in the morning.
18 But today I am travelling with my wife.
19 But today we are watching a football match.
20 But today I am having fried eggs in the morning.
15
1 is going 2 dance 3 am reading 4 are having 5 rides 6 plays 7 get 8 speaks
9 are speaking 10 are dancing 11 swims 12 want 13 goes 14 is going 15 cooks
16 lives 17 am staying 18 are enjoying 19 cries 20 are talking
16
1 Doesn't his sister belong to our local library, too?
2 Doesn't his sister drink tea for breakfast, too?
3 Isn't his sister building another house, too?
4 Doesn't his sister love classical music, too?
5 Isn't his sister learning to dance, too?
6 Doesn't his sister walk her dog three times a day, too?
7 Isn't his sister watching a film now, too?
8 Isn't his sister cleaning the windows, too?
9 Doesn't his sister usually go to work on foot, too?
10 Doesn't his sister collect stamps, too?
11 Doesn't his sister give very good parties, too?
12 Isn't his sister riding a bicycle now, too?
13 Isn't his sister leaving on Friday, too?
14 Doesn't his sister finish work at six, too?
15 Doesn't his sister like watching television, too?
16 Doesn't his sister work for Benetton, too?
17 Doesn't his sister need some help from us, too?
18 Isn't his sister waving to us, too?
19 Doesn't his sister drive an Audi, too?
20 Isn't his sister mowing the lawn, too?
17
1 think, knows 2 am just smelling, Don't they smell 3 are getting 4 can't hear, are talking
5 is taking 6 watch, are playing 7 are speaking, don't understand 8 drives 9 are you wearing
10 do we owe, owe 11 remembers 12 Do you always use, am only using
106
13 is knocking, think, wants 14 does your train leave 15 am going, Do you wish
16 is he shouting, doesn't do 17 are you doing, am looking 18 meet, pretends, doesn't see
19 get, catch, arrive, go 20 is sleeping, sleeps 21 is smoking, think, smokes
22 writes, is writing 23 rains, snows 24 is shouting 25 earns, comes, says 26 hope, are thinking
27 don't know, are talking 28 are all these people doing, come, are discussing
29 isn't, means, is taking 30 are being, think, deserve 31 requires 32 go 33 makes
34 does this sentence mean 35 am listening 36 does it take 37 suppose, is burning
38 is teasing 39 am seeing 40 Do you like, he is doing 41 appears 42 are going
43 says, is seriously considering 44 stands 45 is he always ringing
18
1 think, are talking 2 drinks, is drinking 3 want, am working 4 do not go, are going, are showing
5 know, do not know 6 has, is having 7 think, resembles 8 see, do not understand
9 Does John know, are doing 10 reads, is reading 11 are you doing, am preparing
12 hope, remembers 13 loves, visits 14 works, is working 15 employs
19
1 "Do you know this girl?" "No, I see her for the first time."
2 "Are you thinking about Steve now?" "No, I never think about him."
3 "May I talk to Ann?" "No, she is not at home. She is having her piano lessons now."
4 "Do you know this man?" 'Yes, it is Mr Rossi." "Where does he come from?" "He comes from
Italy, he is a journalist. At present he is writing an article about the political situation in Poland."
5 Why are they always coming when I have something important to do.
6 I don't believe Peter is working hard now.
7 I don't understand why Sue is playing bridge now. After all she never plays cards.
8 Nowadays a lot of young girls wear short skirts.
9 Are you feeling better?
10 The colour of the dress Kate is wearing doesn't suit her.
11 Tom always shaves in the morning when he gets up. I wonder why he isn't doing it now.
12 "What are you doing?" "I am packing my things because my train leaves in two hours."
13 Mark rarely changes his mind.
14 "How much money does Richard owe you?" "He owes me $300 but I am seeing him tomorrow
and (I am) getting my money back."
15 You are speaking so quietly that I don't/can't hear you.
16 I hope you are not thinking about it seriously.
17 Father is carrying a tent which means we are going to the seaside tomorrow.
18 When I ask Peter about his wife's health he never answers me.
19 It is a story about a man who comes to America, sets up his own business and after a few years
becomes a wealthy man.
20 Let's go home as it is getting dark.
20
1 I got up at 6:30.
2 They turned the radio on.
3 He loved her.
4 The child often cried.
5 They had a big dog.
6 He painted pictures.
7 Tom's father repaired cars.
107
8 I knew the answer.
9 I remembered where Jane lived.
10 I thought you were right.
11 I belonged to this library.
12 Who ran this place?
13 We met quite often.
14 I paid by cheque.
15 You looked beautiful.
16 I grew roses in my garden.
17 He slept soundly.
18 My father spoke Spanish and Italian.
19 He ate a lot.
20 They talked very loudly.
21
1 Did I watch the match alone? I did not watch the match alone.
2 Did Mickiewicz write a lot of poems? Mickiewicz did not write a lot of poems.
3 Did we pick cherries in grandfather's orchard? We did not pick cherries in grandfather's orchard.
4 Did the sun set at 7:34 pm? The sun did not set at 7:34 pm.
5 Did he call us yesterday? He did not call us yesterday.
6 Did I remember that woman's face? I did not remember that woman's face.
7 Did John help our daughter a lot? John did not help our daughter a lot.
8 Did I get up at seven yesterday? I did not get up at seven yesterday.
9 Did I see Bill last Sunday? I did not see Bill last Sunday.
10 Did I read the book many years ago? I did not read the book many years ago.
11 Did he shave yesterday? He did not shave yesterday.
12 Did my grandmother belong to the Conservative Party? My grandmother did not belong to
the Conservative Party.
13 Did I forget Fiona's phone number? I did not forget Fiona's phone number.
14 Did they visit Rome in August? They did not visit Rome in August.
15 Did he borrow some money from my sister? He did not borrow some money from my sister.
16 Did mother prepare a meal for the kids? Mother did not prepare a meal for the kids.
17 Did we play badminton yesterday? We did not play badminton yesterday.
18 Did Paul play the violin at the concert yesterday? Paul did not play the violin at the concert
yesterday.
19 Did they make those cars twenty years ago? They did not make those cars twenty years ago.
20 Did I find the purse on the floor? I did not find the purse on the floor.
21 Did John lock the door? John did not lock the door.
22 Did he remember to leave the note? He did not remember to leave the note.
23 Did Judie work there for three years? Judie did not work there for three years.
24 Did Nigel distribute the books? Nigel did not distribute the books.
25 Did the teacher give us the right answer? The teacher did not give us the right answer.
22
1 Was I there yesterday? I was not there yesterday.
2 Did John meet me at the airport? John did not meet me at the airport.
3 Did we buy that house in 1992? We did not buy that house in 1992.
4 Did we like that film very much? We did not like that film very much.
108
5 Did I write a letter to Peter an hour ago? I did not write a letter to Peter an hour ago.
6 Did we play tennis yesterday? We did not play tennis yesterday.
7 Were we in France last year? We were not in France last year.
8 Was he absent on Friday? He was not absent on Friday.
9 Did father rest after lunch? Father did not rest after lunch.
10 Did mother cook dinner for all of us? Mother did not cook dinner for all of us.
11 Did we talk about Sylvia a few minutes ago? We did not talk about Sylvia a few minutes ago
12 Did the driver drive very fast? The driver did not drive very fast.
13 Did Betty dance with Robert at the party? Betty did not dance with Robert at the party.
14 Did we go swimming after our classes? We did not go swimming after our classes.
15 Did we enjoy our holidays in Sweden? We did not enjoy our holidays in Sweden.
16 Did Paul drink milk for breakfast? Paul did not drink milk for breakfast.
17 Did we go shopping at five? We did not go shopping at five.
18 Was I at the conference three days ago? I was not at the conference three days ago.
19 Did Bob give me flowers? Bob did not give me flowers.
20 Did we receive that parcel on Monday? We did not receive that parcel on Monday.
23
I walked 2 opened 3 liked 4 switched 5 danced 6 talked 7 borrowed 8 travelled
9 played 10 watched 11 used 12 kissed 13 closed 14 lived 15 smoked
24
1 went 2 spent 3 met 4 saw 5 had 6 came 7 did 8 bought 9 was 10 wrote 11 paid
12 made 13 got 14 took 15 wore
25
1 When did he arrive in New York?
2 What did you get for Christmas?
3 Why didn't Sue eat?
4 When did they watch that film?
5 How many times did he ring?
6 How did he speak?
7 How many detective stories did Fiona read last month?
8 What did they talk about?
9 How much money did John spend on his new trousers?
10 Where did he find the key?
II Who did they attentively listen to ?
12 Where did the Greens keep their money?
13 What time did Ann get up yesterday?
14 When did Steve visit Rome?
15 Why did he watch the play?
16 How many books did she borrow from our local library?
17 How often did he go there?
18 Where did she put the pen?
19 Why did they borrow the money?
20 Who lived close to me?
21 What did his brother find in the garden?
109
26
1 wanted 2 thanked, did 3 had, were 4 lived 5 didn't you tell, saw 6 stole, parked
7 remembered, forgot 8 signed, went 9 didn't study, didn't like 10 didn't earn, began
11 finished 12 didn't enjoy, was 13 did Adam say, saw 14 closed 15 happened
16 didn't complete, took 17 tried, didn't succeed 18 understood, didn't speak 19 was, could
20 had, came 21 received 22 didn't spend, was 23 caught, stole 24 greeted, met
25 did you pay 26 pretended, didn't see, didn't feel 27 sold, moved 28 didn't write, wrote
29 came, unlocked, entered, saw 30 graduated, left 31 was 32 did she buy, wasn't, advised
27
1 They asked me a lot of questions at the meeting.
2 First time I heard the song in San Remo.
3 We paid almost $30,000 for the car.
4 I tried to get in touch with you many times.
5 When Tom was in the United States he wrote to me very often.
6 Alice cried when she learned about the accident.
7 Sue only worked in Mr Wright's office for six weeks.
8 I had to get up very early the day before yesterday.
9 I could not translate that letter.
10 Our team won the match last Saturday.
11 I knew a lot of writers when I worked for the publishing house.
12 We borrowed some money from our neighbours last month.
13 Mr Rossi taught us Italian for two years.
14 She didn't buy that dress because it was too expensive.
15 Why did you refuse him when he wanted to dance with you?
16 We slept well last night.
17 I didn't accept Mr Roger's offer because I had a few better ones.
18 Although we got up early we were late for the train.
19 I found the ring on the beach.
20 Why didn't you tell him about your plans when he asked you about them?
21 Dr Johnson rang a few times when you were not in.
22 The doctors who treated my grandmother were satisfied with the result of the operation.
23 When I was at school I knew a lot of poems by heart.
24 What time did the postman bring this letter?
25 Why did you choose the longest way?
26 I cleaned the room and walked the dog.
27 Did you lend him as much money as he wanted?
28 Everyone started to laugh when they heard my joke.
29 He sat down and asked for a glass of mineral water.
30 Did you help Tom when he asked you for it?
31 Who threw the stone at my dog?
32 I found this old typewriter in my grandfather's cellar.
33 I put my wedding ring somewhere in the bathroom.
34 I asked many people the way but no one could help me.
35 Was Paul present at school yesterday?
36 Who didn't switch the light off in the bathroom?
37 They paid us $50 a day when we worked in Lexico.
38 Why did you get married so early, Chris?
39 I wasn't able to swim longer.
110
40 When did you come here for the first time?
41 What present did you give your girlfriend for her birthday?
42 How many flowers did you get from Patrick yesterday?
43 Did you tell him about our plans?
44 We sent you the cheque book two days ago.
45 Where and when did you receive the photographs?
28
1 Was I wondering who was living here? I was not wondering who was not living here.
2 Was I listening to music when I heard the door bell? I was not listening to music when I heard
the door bell.
3 Was Jane having breakfast when the postman came? Jane was not having breakfast when the
postman came.
4 Was she wearing jeans when I saw her? She was not wearing jeans when I saw her.
5 Was Paul reading a book all afternoon? Paul was not reading a book all afternoon.
6 Was Peter waiting for Tom when it started to rain? Peter was not waiting for Tom when it started
to rain.
7 Was Clara getting off the bus when she suddenly fell down? Clara was not getting off the bus
when she suddenly fell down.
8 Was mother mending our clothes all evening? Mother was not mending our clothes all evening.
9 Were the Millers travelling for six hours yesterday? The Millers were not travelling for six hours
yesterday.
10 Was Mr Johnson driving his car when he saw the accident? Mr Johnson was not driving his car
when he saw the accident.
11 Were Sharon and Ronald talking to each other when I entered the room? Sharon and Ronald
were not talking to each other when I entered the room.
12 Was Pete telling us jokes all the time during the party? Pete was not telling us jokes all the time
during the party.
13 Was Jane having dinner with me yesterday at six? Jane was not having dinner with me
yesterday at six.
14 Was the singer singing a beautiful song? The singer was not singing a beautiful song.
15 Were they watching TV when I arrived? They were not watching TV when I arrived.
29
1 was working 2 was watching 3 was having 4 were dancing 5 was taking 6 was running
7 were you reading 8 was driving 9 was raining 10 was working 11 were fighting
12 was sleeping 13 were waiting 14 were they doing 15 were not watching, were working
16 were playing, were having 17 was driving, was sleeping 18 were you doing
19 was not playing, was watching 20 were swimming 21 were solving
22 was preparing, was reading 23 was having 24 were talking 25 was still working
26 was wondering, were doing 27 was working, were taking 28 was raining 29 were talking
30 was climbing
30
1 Mr Rimmer was living in a very small flat when I met him.
2 You were sleeping when we were talking about you.
3 Ann was looking for a job when we met.
4 Last time we were staying at your place for a whole week.
5 We were just signing the contract when John stood up and left the room.
111
6 While I was wondering what to give my brother for his birthday he came in.
7 Yesterday, at three I was having lunch with my fiancee in a restaurant.
8 Yesterday, at the meeting we were discussing the problem of unemployment in our city.
9 After breakfast I was working in the garden for a few hours.
10 I was choosing a new hat in the shop when Mrs Cranshaw came in.
11 What was the colour of the dress Rachel was wearing when you saw her yesterday?
12 They were still playing cards when we came back from the opera.
13 Robert was showing me his stamp collection when we heard knocking at the door.
14 While you were playing on the beach I was taking care of your brother.
15 I didn't understand what the lecturer was talking about.
16 When I was calling the ambulance the police came.
17 We were visiting the Cathedral while you were waiting for our call.
18 It was getting dark when we decided to go back to the hotel.
19 While the porter was pushing the trolley one of the suitcases fell off.
20 When the burglar was leaving Mr Ramsey's flat the police caught him.
31
1 were talking, heard 2 was walking, were following 3 was digging, found 4 was taking, stopped
5 didn't enjoy, was cheating 6 was looking, were counting 7 dropped, was watering
8 was trying, didn't succeed 9 noticed, was climbing 10 was shaving, was preparing
11 was looking, found 12 dropped, was carrying 13 didn't recognise, saw 14 were thinking, gave
15 broke, was playing
32
1 entered, was explaining 2 were playing, went 3 arrived, were just leaving, didn't have/hadn't
4 was shaving, heard 5 didn't recognise, was wearing 6 were still packing, came
7 realised, was using 8 was having, was drying 9 was drilling, was using, didn't hear
10 was unlocking, heard 11 was driving, stopped 12 came, were, was baking, was trimming
13 were dancing, were talking 14 looked, saw, was parking 15 shouted, made
16 saw, was standing 17 went, was knitting, did you like, 18 was drying, dropped
19 found, was playing, realised, belonged, gave 20 were still repairing, went
21 were the pupils doing, entered 22 asked, said, was still working 23 woke, said, heard
24 did you throw, didn't know, were still reading 25 started, heard 26 used, lived
27 were playing, started 28 was wearing, saw 29 was just thinking, called
30 Was it raining, woke
33
1 My cousin Nadia visited us three days ago.
2 We were flying kites when it started to rain.
3 When Robert was leaving he asked me for my photograph.
4 I didn't hear what he was talking about because I was listening to the radio.
5 He answered all my questions with patience.
6 I lost my wallet when I was running to the office.
7 While I was hanging the curtains I fell off the chair.
8 Why were you still fighting when the police came?
9 While I was washing up I dropped one of the cups.
10 We were not sleeping when our parents came back.
11 I was standing in a queue when that man came up to me.
12 The water was boiling when I entered the kitchen.
112
13 I had no idea who my daughter was waiting for.
14 Yesterday, while I was doing shopping I met an old friend of mine.
15 We were dancing and singing all night.
16 Yesterday, between eight and nine I was playing with my grandson in the garden.
17 What were you doing when everyone was at the meeting?
18 The secretary was translating a letter when the boss came to the office.
19 I was cleaning the windows when I noticed Peter's car.
20 I was crossing the street when I remembered my brother was expecting me at the bank.
34
1 Has Bill broken his arm? Bill has not broken his arm.
2 Have they already come? They have not come yet.
3 Has my father worked very hard recently? My father has not worked very hard recently.
4 Have I already washed my hands? I have not washed my hands yet.
5 Have we visited that museum lately? We have not visited that museum lately.
6 Has Paul's sister already arrived? Paul's sister has not arrived yet.
7 Has John's father bought his son a new bicycle? John's father has not bought his son a new
bicycle.
8 Have I already found the key? I have not found the key yet.
9 Has she lived here for fifteen years? She has not lived here for fifteen years.
10 Have I just written a long letter to my friend. I have not written a long letter to my friend yet.
11 Have I been to England recently? I have not been to England recently.
12 Has the play already begun? The play has not begun yet.
13 Has Tom won the cup? Tom has not won the cup.
14 Have they just cleaned their room? They have not cleaned their room yet.
15 Has she been there for three months? She has not been there for three months.
16 Have I known Linda since 1994? I have not known Linda since 1994.
17 Has David saved $1000 so far? David has not saved $1000 so far.
18 Have we just received your application? We have not received your application yet.
19 Has James opened the window? James has not opened the window.
20 Has Brenda always enjoyed big parties? Brenda has not always enjoyed big parties.
35
1 have just washed 2 has stopped 3 Have you heard, haven't heard 4 Has Betty arrived
5 Have you watered 6 have you bought 7 haven't finished 8 Have you ever been
9 have just announced 10 Have you sent 11 haven't you talked 12 Have you ever drunk
13 have never met 14 has just gone 15 has he been 16 has been 17 haven't seen
18 has worked 19 has locked 20 has eaten 21 have met 22 have phoned 23 has read
24 have you bought 25 haven't you called 26 Has she found 27 have you understood
28 have never liked 29 have bought 30 have enjoyed
36
1 I have just read your essay.
2 Betty hasn't cleaned her room.
3 The children haven't finished their breakfast yet.
4 I have seen a very interesting play recently.
5 I have never heard this song.
6 I haven't collected my things from the laundry yet.
7 The teacher has just opened the window.
113
8 Have you drunk your coffee yet?
9 I have never been here before.
10 Diego hasn't come back from Buenos Aires yet.
11 I have seen your cousin today.
12 My wife has washed my trousers and (has) ironed them.
13 Has Linda left yet?
14 How long have you known Mr Grey?
15 Mr Slim has been our boss for five years.
16 Since when has Peter been absent from school?
17 Peter has been absent from school since Monday.
18 The Rossis have just called us from Naples.
19 We have done everything and we can go back home.
20 I have watched the film and I must admit it was dull.
21 We haven't been to the theatre for a few months.
22 "Have you heard from Mike?" "No he hasn't written to me since he went to Russia."
23 I have never liked very slim girls.
24 Have you solved the problem yet?
25 I'm sorry but I have forgotten your name.
26 We haven't won anything for a long time.
27 Jane hasn't received the answer from the Embassy yet.
28 I can't believe it. Tom has never driven fast.
29 Have you ever seen a rhinoceros?
30 No one has climbed this mountain peak yet.
37
I have you been 2 have you liked, have liked 3 has been 4 haven't been 5 haven't you used
6 has she been, has been 7 haven't you eaten, haven't eaten 8 has Bob worked, has worked
9 haven't you listened, haven't listened 10 have you known
38
1 I haven't had an accident since 1992.
2 I haven't had an accident for four years.
3 I haven't watched TV for two days.
4 I haven't watched TV since Monday.
5 We have been married for three years.
6 We have been married since 1992.
7 You have changed o lot since I saw you last time.
8 How long have you known Mr Wright?
9 Since when have you known about it?
10 I haven't been to the cinema for a few weeks.
II I haven't been to the cinema since I changed my job.
12 Taxes have gone up cosiderably since the beginning of the 90's.
13 It hasn't rained since we came here.
14 Fewer and fewer people have come to our matches since the prices of tickets went up.
15 The production of our cars has risen since we started to sell them to Spain.
16 My father hasn't smoked for a few months.
17 Mrs Young has had to have two jobs since her husband died.
18 I haven't been able to help my children since I lost my job.
19 Mr Gonzalez has been our Spanish teacher for four years.
20 Mr Gonzalez has been our Spanish teacher since 1990.
114
39
1 have been solving, have solved 2 have been running, have covered 3 have been working
4 has eaten 5 has been eating 6 have you been doing, have been painting, have you painted,
have painted 7 have been washing 8 has been cutting 9 have been reading, have read
10 have been writing, have written 11 have been studying 12 have heard 13 has happened
14 has been 15 have known, have found 16 have been using, has never broken
17 have worked 18 have been working 19 have had 20 has been looking, hasn't found
40
1 I have been teaching the piano for twenty years but have never met such a gifted child.
2 I have been looking for the magazine for twenty minutes but I haven't found it yet.
3 "Has Ann cleaned her room yet?" "No, she has been playing with the cat for twenty minutes."
4 "How long have you been listening to the news?" "I have been listening to it for ten minutes."
5 We have been saving money for a few years but so far we haven't saved enough to buy a new
house.
6 No one has visited us since we came to London.
7 The police haven't caught the thief they have been looking for for four days.
8 I have been trying to start the the engine for half an hour but so far I haven't succeeded.
9 I have been looking after my younger sister since my parents went shopping.
10 Darek has been playing in our team for three months. So far he has scored ten goals.
11 They have been dancing for an hour. I wonder when they will get bored of it.
12 I have been writing books for five years. So far I have published two novels and three short
stories.
13 Olga has been drinking milk, that's why her lips are white.
14 She has always liked handsome men.
15 He hasn't said a word since he came home from school.
16 Mr Brown, Mrs Goldstein has been expecting you for a few minutes at the reception desk.
17 Has anyone seen Mike today?
18 Bob is not in the best mood because he has failed his examination.
19 Hurry up! The taxi has just come.
20 You have been playing too long. I think you should go to bed.
41
1 have already done 2 did 3 have just received 4 received 5 has just left 6 left
7 have worked 8 worked 9 has sold 10 sold 11 Have you ever been, have never been
12 were you, was 13 saw 14 has belonged 15 has been, met 16 saw, lived 17 hasn't smoked
18 did they announce, announced 19 Have you ever tasted 20 have read 21 read, was
22 smelt, lived 23 have ironed 24 have just finished 25 finished 26 Has she taken, took
27 started, lasted 28 Have they delivered, delivered 29 wrote 30 have just missed
31 came, worked, retired 32 Have you seen, saw 33 lost, lost 34 did you like, enjoyed, were
35 wrote 36 has written 37 Have you fed, fed 38 did you talk, talked,
39 played, went, gave, took, have been 40 travelled, was, started, stopped, haven't been
41 have you visited, came 42 Has Tom phoned, hasn't called, had
43 has your son been, did it take, took 44 has already told, had, were 45 haven't done, have been
42
1 I haven't seen her for three years.
2 I haven't had an accident for twenty five years.
3 He hasn't been here for four years.
115
4 I haven't had a beer for three days.
5 We haven't talked to each other for five years.
6 I haven't heard from Tom since 1993.
7 I haven't bought a suit for almost two years.
8 The Prime Minister hasn't visited our town since 1991.
9 I haven't seen your daughter since she was ten.
10 I haven't had fish since Friday.
11 Professor Smith hasn't given a lecture since November.
12 We haven't stayed at the hotel since August.
13 I haven't gone to a concert since I was a teenager.
14 They haven't mentioned professor Bull's name since the conference in Geneva.
15 Borg hasn't won a tournament since 1982.
16 I haven't been to the mountains since 1992.
17 He hasn't borrowed money from us for a few years.
18 The Rims haven't invited us for a month.
19 Paul hasn't worn that hat since last winter.
20 I haven't been to the theatre for five years.
21 Marko Van Dijk hasn't written a novel since 1987.
22 Tom hasn't given me flowers since March.
23 We haven't won a game for five weeks.
24 Betty hasn't been to Wales since 1991.
25 I haven't bought a book for two weeks.
43
1 We went to Brighton last year.
2 We have visited two restaurants in our town lately.
3 He informed us about it a few days ago.
4 My father worked in that firm for twenty five years.
5 Mr Black was our teacher for three years.
6 My brother has had financial problems since he lost the job.
7 The plane to London has just taken off.
8 The plane to London took off half an hour ago.
9 Our previous boss managed our firm for ten years.
10 I finished this article last week.
11 I have already finished this article and I'm going to write another one.
12 I saw the Pope when I was in Rome.
13 Hasn't Mr Rush left the hotel yet?
14 Bjom Borg won a tournament for the first time in London in 1976.
15 I was last in Vienna in 1994.
16 I have never been to Vienna. What is the city like?
17 "Have you seen your doctor this week?" 'Yes, I saw him on Tuesday."
18 "When did you last lend him the car?" 'You are wrong, he has never borrowed the car from me."
19 "How long have you belonged to this library?" "I have belonged to it since I started going to
school."
20 Van Gogh painted "The Sunflowers".
21 My brother-in-law, who is an artist, has painted a very original picture.
22 I wrote this composition when I was very young.
23 Why didn't you play bridge yesterday?
24 I understood nothing in his speech yesterday because I don't speak Spanish.
116
25 Who saw my sister in the theatre yesterday?
26 He visited us very rarely although he lived close to us.
27 I have never seen such a conceited person.
28 Rachel hasn't lived in Jerusalem since her parents sold the house.
29 I haven't had a bath for two days.
30 Your Italian has improved since Mr Cabrini began to teach you.
44
1 I have met your sister today.
2 I met your sister at eleven today.
3 Have you seen your solicitor this week?
4 Yes, I saw him on Tuesday.
5 We have visited Italy this year.
6 We visited Italy in August this year.
7 This month I have received the answer from the American Embassy.
8 This month, last week I received the answer from the American Embassy.
9 There have been a lot of sunny days this summer.
10 There were a lot of sunny days this summer.
45
1 had invited 2 had known 3 had worked 4 had been 5 had called 6 had spent 7 had sent
8 Had he worked 9 had known 10 had put 11 had had 12 had never met 13 hadn't studied
14 had never seen 15 had left 16 had saved 17 had Linda been 18 had left
19 had already been 20 had taken 21 had spent 22 Had you been 23 had you known
24 had been there 25 had already discussed
46
1 I wasn't able to dance because I had broken my leg.
2 Betty didn't come to school yesterday because she had caught a cold.
3 We didn't go to the cinema on Tuesday because my boyfriend had forgotten to buy the tickets.
4 Paul didn't drive me to work yesterday because he had sold his car.
5 I had belonged to the Conservative Party for a few years when my wife joined it.
6 Peter failed his examination because he hadn't prepared for it.
7 I felt very tired as I hadn't slept the previous night.
8 We didn't buy a new car because we had spent all our money on the house.
9 I had to stay home because my brother had taken my keys.
10 I didn't send the letter to the Tax Office last week because I hadn't written it by then.
11 They didn't believe me when I said I had won twenty thousand dollars.
12 We were sure you had informed the customers about the new opening hours of our office.
13 I did not recognise Alice yesterday because she had changed her hair style.
14 Yesterday, they changed the coach who had worked in our club for five seasons.
15 We bought our daughter a dog a few days ago. She had always wanted to have a dog.
16 We had thought over all the conditions of the contract before we signed it.
17 I had driven that car for six years before I sold it.
18 Before the police came the criminal had run away from the scene of the crime.
19 When we came to the theatre the performance had already begun.
20 When I entered my study I came to the conclusion that someone had taken the papers from my
desk.
117
47
1 had been talking 2 had been watching 3 had been thinking 4 had been singing
5 had been looking 6 had been waiting 7 had been working 8 had been using
9 had been mending 10 had been washing 11 had been driving 12 had been playing
13 had been working 14 had been discussing 15 had been speaking 16 had been smoking
17 had been calling 18 had been missing 19 had been working 20 had been writing
48
1 He had been working very hard that day, that's why he was so tired when we met him.
2 We had been discussing that issue long before we decided not to change anything.
3 She had dirty hands because she had been playing in the sand.
4 I came late to work because my neighbour had been listening to loud music till late at night.
5 I had been listening to music for about fifteen minutes when the telephone rang.
6 I had been walking for about fifteen kilometres before I decided to sit down.
7 I had been reading a book for a few minutes when the light went out.
8 He had been playing with the dog all day and only in the evening did he do his homework.
9 He had been playing for half an hour when the referee stopped the match.
10 I had been reading the novel for four hours before I put it aside.
11 They were very surprised when I said I had been translating the letter for five minutes.
12 Bill asked me how long I had been thinking about his offer.
13 I had been driving the car for almost six hours before Robert changed me.
14 I was sure someone had been using my umbrella as it was wet.
15 Mother had to clean the room where the children had been playing.
16 He won the tournament because he had been training a lot.
17 I was sure two men had been following me for some time.
18 Before the accident happened it had been snowing for three days.
19 Rita had been staying with us for two weeks before she found that flat.
20 I had been thinking about that problem for a few days before I found the solution.
49
1 I had no idea why Tom had left so early.
2 They had already sold their house when we phoned them.
3 He assured me he hadn't done it on purpose.
4 I liked the letter Martina had sent from Prague very much.
5 Had you managed another firm before you began to work for us?
6 Betty said she hadn't seen my notes.
7 Bill wasn't able to play yesterday because he had broken his leg.
8 When I had leamt about their problems I decided to help them.
9 When I met my husband he had already graduated from university.
10 How many accidents had you had before you started to drive carefully?
11 I hadn't studied English before I came to London.
12 He said he hadn't seen such a reasonable politician by then.
13 Steve had been a very good student before he met his girlfriend.
14 We had had to save $2,000 before we could go to Italy.
15 He confirmed he had never been there before.
16 When I left the office I saw someone had stolen my car.
17 The Browns had already been there for a few days when we came.
18 We didn't know that Roger and Mary had divorced.
19 She had aired the room before we entered it.
20 She had brought up three children before she began to work here.
118
50 51
1 had been discussing, came, said, had already refused 1 will bring
2 could not, said, had lived/been living, hadn't seen 2 will be
3 had been doing 3 will be
4 was knitting, was working 4 will recognise
5 had been knitting, decided 5 will like
6 had been carrying, asked 6 will have
7 leamt, had been doing, had managed 7 will never forget
8 came, found , had been playing, hadn't come 8 will pay
9 had been trying 9 will need
10 lived, moved 10 will feel
11 had been living 11 will help
12 was living 12 will not forget
13 had been married 13 will have
14 entered, realised, had been using 14 will have
15 had painted 15 will all fall
16 had failed 16 will say, will say, will not give
17 had already ironed 17 will arrive
18 entered, opened, looked, saw 18 will know
19 had been following, started 19 will have
20 realised, had been 20 will they come
21 returned, found , had broken 21 will you stop
22 had just gone 22 will have
23 called, had ordered, hadn't arrived 23 will be the title
24 found, had been working 24 will find
25 decided, had been 25 will she stay
26 played, had expected 26 will not see
27 hadn't taken 27 will begin
28 was/ had been 28 will read
29 retired, had worked 29 will not be
30 hadn't promoted, decided 30 will not have
31 had expired, had 31 will lose
32 had failed 32 will bite
33 didn't have, had done 33 will be
34 could not, wanted 34 will miss
35 wasn't, hadn't taken 35 Will you be
36 will call
52
1 I will not be able to stay with you so long.
2 Where will you leave the message?
3 Why will we have to wait for Jane?
4 Won't you be able to take care of my younger brother?
5 You will have to watch out.
6 I will never forget what I have seen in Africa.
7 Peter won't help us if we don't do what he is asking us for.
8 Why won't you move?
9 Shall we do it now?
119
10 It will always rain here in September.
11 You will see it will be wonderful there.
12 I'm afraid we will not win tomorrow.
13 If we move to South Kensington, I will have to change my job.
14 I am sure they will recognise you easily.
15 Who will take care of Miss Rose?
16 Unfortunately we won't have time to see all the monuments in Florence.
17 You will look very smart in this suit.
18 I will not come late any more.
19 There will be no one there.
20 I'm afraid your son will not be a good worker.
21 Where will you go for your holidays in summer?
22 I will ask Adam to talk about it to his father-in-law.
23 We hope they will deliver our things soon.
24 I'm sure our son will achieve a lot in his life.
25 Will you lend me some money till Saturday?
26 I won't be against their marriage.
27 I will let you know when I find out something new in this matter.
28 If you do not stop coming late, you will have to find another job.
29 Plane crashes will always happen.
30 The lift will take you to the eleventh floor.
31 This time tomorrow, we will already be in Los Angeles.
32 You will see, Nick won't believe me.
33 Brian will surely pass all his examinations.
34 I hope no one will leam about it.
35 Shall I repeat it to you?
53
1 will be taking 2 will still be working 3 will be most probably sleeping 4 will be flying
5 will be having 6 will be holding 7 will be seeing 8 will be using 9 will be looking
10 will be painting 11 will be getting 12 will be probably having 13 will be earning
14 will be waiting 15 will be having 16 will be watching 17 will be leaving 18 will be doing
19 will you be spending 20 will be fishing 21 will be having 22 will be looking 23 will be reading
24 will be ironing, will be fixing 25 will be probably working
54
1 Can you imagine? This time tomorrow we will be flying to Buenos Aires.
2 You'd better not go there now. They will be probably talking about their personal plans.
3 From now on I will be spending more money on entertainment.
4 You will be getting less money if you do not start working faster.
5 I will be trying as long as it is necessary.
6 This evening I will be listening to music.
7 I will be running for the presidency in the next elections.
8 This time tomorrow my sister will be taking a history exam.
9 On Wednesday evening I will be talking to Mr Hill about this matter.
10 We will be staying at this hotel for five days.
11 Who will be helping her when I go away?
12 I will not be watching this performance.
13 Where will you be waiting for our group?
120
14 As usual my husband will be taking a shower just when I want to have a bath.
15 Tomorrow morning I will be seeing my solicitor.
16 I think I will be ironing my husband's trousers again.
17 In about fifteen minutes we will be flying over Naples.
18 I am sure Rachel will be bathing her child when we come.
19 I will be listening attentively to Prime Minister's speech.
20 Today, I will be explaining the rules of the new game to you.
21 They will be laughing when they leam about it.
22 What will you be doing today after lunch?
23 Kate and Brian will be entering France now.
24 How long will you be repairing this device?
25 They say it will be snowing all day tomorrow.
26 I will be writing the essay this evening.
27 I am going to Warsaw tomorrow and I will be talking to the ambassador.
28 We will be expecting you after breakfast.
29 I can assure you we will be doing everything to save your wife.
30 We will be dancing and singing all night.
55
1 will be still having 2 won't be 3 will do 4 will graduate 5 will be repairing 6 Will you be using
7 will be enjoying 8 will have 9 Will you come, will meet 10 will run 11 will be seeing, will ask
12 will be, will be expecting 13 will be sleeping 14 will leave, will be 15 will wash
16 will be looking 17 will pay, will be going 18 will be having 19 will go
20 will be celebrating, won't be celebrating, will lose 21 will go 22 will bring 23 will live
24 will open 25 will help 26 will be leaving 27 will check 28 will ask, will mend
29 will be landing 30 won't go 31 won't lend 32 Will you be wearing 33 won't go 34 won't joke
35 won't meet, will be looking
56
1 Tom will not play tomorrow as we will be trying a new player.
2 Tom will not be playing tomorrow as he is ill.
3 You can take my bicycle as I won't be riding it.
4 I do not expect that Beryl will tell me what she really thinks about it.
5 Will you have something more to eat?
6 You will be seeing my brother at the coference, won't you?
7 Will you be listening to this CD this evening?
8 Will you lend us your grill tonight?
9 I cannot see what is written here. Will you read it for me?
10 Will you take care of our cat when we are not here?
11 Will you be mending the roof this afternoon?
12 If you keep on throwing your things about, you will be looking for them all day.
13 If they don't come, I swear I will never invite them again.
14 Be sure we won't be waiting for them too long.
15 I am sure the new boss will like you.
16 Don't be surprised when granfather will be talking all evening about the last war.
17 Robert will be having a bath now. Let's call him later!
18 Next time, I will be much less conceited.
19 I would like to know how long you will be playing cards.
20 When he comes back you will have to forgive him everything.
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21 I won't go for the picnic as I will be working in the evening.
22 "Do you think Tom will agree to our offer?" "I don't know but I am sure he will be thinking about it
for a long time."
23 You will see, Tom will persuade his wife and tomorrow we all will be flying to Vienna.
24 Next week, I won't be using this room so you can prepare for the examinations here.
25 I will buy you this toy because you deserve it.
57
1 will have cost 2 will have been 3 will have been studying 4 will have leamt
5 will have been driving 6 will have forgotten 7 will have fallen 8 will have arrived
9 will have been having 10 will have launched 11 will have played
12 will have been learning 13 will have been 14 will have finished 15 will have been
16 will have solved 17 will have been attending 18 will have already had
19 will have been looking 20 will have set 21 will have sold 22 will have been swimming
23 will have been writing 24 will have owned 25 will have bought 26 will have done
27 will have visited 28 will have been 29 will have seen 30 will have packed
31 will have been talking 32 will have been 33 will have been playing 34 will have taken
35 will have been staying 36 will have lost 37 will have given 38 will have moved
39 will have arrived 40 will have employed
58
1 I promise you that by the end of May we will have moved to a new flat.
2 They will come aroud eleven. By that time I will have cleaned my room.
3 The rents in our district will have gone up twice by the end of the year.
4 If we do not hurry up, our train will have left before we arrive at the station.
5 I will have passed all my exams by the end of May.
6 We will have been married for four years on the 20th February.
7 At six, we will have been flying to New York for six hours.
8 We will have built the new house by the end of the year.
9 I hope you will have made the decision by Sunday.
10 We will have been together for five years in spring.
11 It is possible that Ann will have left the hotel by eleven.
12 The doctor says father will have felt much better in a few days.
13 Mr Simonsen will have been managing our firm for ten years next year.
14 Bob will have been driving the car for three hours soon.
15 You will have been wearing this shirt for a week soon. Change it immediately!
16 Let's hurry up! We will have been packing for two hours soon.
17 I am sure that within three weeks you will have seen everything worth seeing in our country.
18 I will not have seen my girlfriend for a week on Saturday.
19 I will have published at least ten books before I am forty.
20 The Finance Minister says that by the end of 2010 our country will have paid off all its debts.
21 I will have saved $5,000 by the end of autumn.
22 We will have been waiting for our lecturer for fifteen minutes soon.
23 Tom promises he will have given all the money back by the end of the week.
24 I hope I will have lost ten kilograms by the end of the year.
25 I will have sold the car next week.
26 Miss Green will have checked all our classtests by tomorrow.
27 I assure you that the meeting will have finished by four.
28 We will have been having lunch for half an hour soon.
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29 The president will have been answering the journalists' questions for an hour soon.
30 I am sure you will have finished reading this book in a few days.
31 We will have been staying at this hotel for ten days tomorrow.
32 I will have been in London for a year in March.
33 I will have translated this letter by Friday.
34 I am afraid that most people will have forgotten you soon.
35 Doctor Wyatt will have been talking to his patient for half an hour soon.
36 I hope they will have come back by Sunday.
37 If you buy so many things, you will have spent all your money soon.
38 We will have climbed the mountain peak by four.
39 We will have published your article next month.
40 Next week, we will have sold all our shares.
59
1 Aren't you going to let your son go to Portugal this summer?
2 John is going to take care of you.
3 The match is going to last ninety minutes.
4 They are going to play chess after lunch.
5 Diego Maradona is not going to play against Brazil.
6 I'm sure all the students are going to keep quiet during your lecture.
7 I have no idea what time Bill is going to return home.
8 I am going to take a shower as soon as the water gets hot.
9 I don't think Peter is going to follow in his father's footsteps.
10 The majority are going to vote against the new rule.
11 If you do not leave soon, you are going to miss the train.
12 By the time you are back everything is going to be ready.
13 I do not think you are going to recognise him.
14 You are going to be late if you do not hurry up.
15 Look at the sky! It is going to rain soon.
16 He is going to fail all his exams unless he starts to study hard.
17 Look at the boys' faces! They are going to fight soon.
18 Providing nothing unexpected happens the enterprise is going to be a great success.
19 If you do it, you are going to be shouted at.
20 I am going to have my windows cleaned next month.
60
1 I was going to work very hard last term.
2 My sister was going to sign up for a Spanish course.
3 I was going to call her after lunch.
4 I was going to hire the car from Simms and Sollow.
5 I was going to wear that dark dress at the last conference.
6 The Fosters were going to redecorate their kitchen.
7 I was going to set the alarm clock to go off at seven thirty.
8 The tailor was going to shorten my trousers.
9 Aggasi was going to play against Sampras.
10 They were going to send for help.
11 The president of the bank was going to refuse to sign the paper.
12 I was going to ride a horse in the morning.
13 Tom was going to leave for America last year.
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14 Peter and Eva were going to help us.
15 We were going to call you on Tuesday.
16 We were going to change our plans.
17 Bill Harry was going to entertain the guests.
18 It was going to rain heavily in the morning.
19 We were going to discuss that issue at our last meeting.
20 Chris was going to write a long letter to his uncle.
61
1 I will spend my holiday in Spain.
I am going to spend my holiday in Spain.
2 Susan will tell us about that affair.
Susan is going to tell us about that affair.
3 We will enjoy ourselves at the party on Saturday.
We are going to enjoy ourselves at the party on Saturday.
4 John will like that jacket very much.
John is going to like that jacket very much.
5 My secretary will have a lot of work next week.
My secretary is going to have a lot of work next week.
6 The doctor will prescribe me aspirin.
The doctor is going to prescribe me aspirin.
7 We will visit the National Gallery tomorrow.
We are going to visit the National Gallery tomorrow.
8 The customer will sign the cheque.
The customer is going to sign the cheque.
9 They will call you a thief.
They are going to call you a thief.
10 The judge will consider the problem carefully.
The judge is going to consider the problem carefully.
11 Ivan will fail one of the three examinations.
Ivan is going to fail one of the three examinations.
12 Tom and Ann will meet me at Warsaw Airport.
Tom and Ann are going to meet me at Warsaw Airport.
13 Most of the students will be late for my lecture.
Most of the students are going to be late for my lecture.
14 The Carlsons will paint the fence white.
The Carlsons are going to paint the fence white.
15 I will borrow the camera from Adam.
I am going to borrow the camera from Adam.
16 We will have our lunch at two.
We are going to have our lunch at two.
17 Nigel will post the letter at the main Post Office.
Nigel is going to post the letter at the main Post Office.
18 We will wait for you till seven.
We are going to wait for you till seven.
19 My grandfather will give up smoking next week.
My grandfather is going to give up smoking next week.
20 I will have a date with Fiona on Tuesday.
I am going to have a date with Fiona on Tuesday.
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62
1 went 2 have never been 3 Did you see, haven't seen 4 watch 5 hasn't come, comes
6 haven't talked 7 have been 8 Do you often get 9 spend/spent 10 have you known, met
11 was 12 didn't know 13 haven't heard, went 14 have you managed, gave 15 studied, gave
16 have forgotten, lives 17 have never enjoyed 18 saw, didn't see 19 had 20 are
21 left, has been 22 didn't recognise, was 23 escaped, haven't been 24 had, wasn't feelnig
25 stops
63
1 have been staying 2 were sitting, were talking, couldn't 3 have been discussing 4 am taking
5 has been 6 have, are having 7 is being 8 haven't found, bought 9 was having
10 am not working 11 Have you finished, finished 12 have been travelling, have visited
13 did the spieces cease 14 have you been doing 15 lent, has read 16 were they talking
17 am leaving 18 Has anyone of you seen 19 spoke, met
20 have you been doing, have been trying 21 wants 22 does hope
23 haven't been waiting/haven't waited 24 are you always taking 25 have been travelling
26 am seeing 27 have been discussing, haven't reached 28 Has your team already played, took
29 could not 30 was working, were 31 am staying 32 have been staying 33 think
34 have been thinking 35 has produced/been producing 36 produced 37 have been trying
38 has been solving, hasn't solved 39 have been waiting 40 was digging
41 was digging, was mowing 42 have come 43 has just been 44 has been trying
45 have been coughing
64
1 lived 2 was living 3 had been living 4 had lived 5 have never lived 6 live 7 am living
8 had hardly left 9 have you been 10 have met / am meeting 11 met / am meeting
12 has been using 13 has smelt 14 had been working / had worked 15 did you first hear
16 has been working / has worked 17 did you put 18 was doing, were discussing
19 have been doing 20 had been raining / had rained 21 finished / had finished 22 was listening
23 were they playing 24 go 25 Has the milkman come 26 have been running, has 27 went
28 are you always putting 29 had failed 30 boils 31 had broken 32 had never seen
33 Have you had 34 haven't seen, stopped 35 had been
65
1 He mentioned your problems when I was talking to him.
2 I was waiting for the bus when I noticed my brother's car.
3 I had been waiting for the bus for ten minutes when I noticed my brother's car.
4 I am staying here till next Saturday.
5 Here you are at last. I have been waiting for you for nearly half an hour.
6 I hurt myself while I was opening the tin.
7 I haven't smoked for nearly six months.
8 Don't listen to him, he is pulling your leg.
9 You have come too late. Every one left half an hour ago.
10 My father has been managing this firm for ten years.
11 My father managed that firm from 1985 to 1995.
12 Why are you always taking it without asking? I am fed up with it.
13 I have never seen the colour of her eyes because when we meet she always wears dark
glasses.
14 Brenda has been listening to loud music since this morning and I am tired of it.
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15 He has drunk six tins of lager since he came here.
16 The Prime Minister's spokesman confirmed that the Prime Minister was going to visit the
Vatican in May.
17 I never refuse when I am asked for help.
18 I have been trying to get in touch with my solicitor for two days but so far I haven't managed to do it.
19 The prosecutor wants to know what you were doing yesterday, between 11:30 and 13:00.
20 When I came to school I remembered I hadn't called my father.
21 We have never had a dog in our house.
22 Mr Clark was very disappointed when he leamt that the price of paper had stopped going up.
23 Ann has been crying since her cat disappeared.
24 John always has something interesting to say.
25 This year in March we visited Peru.
26 We have visited Peru this year.
27 He has written a few very interesting articles since he began working for Newsweek.
28 I usually do not feel like cleaning the garage, but today I am doing it with pleasure.
29 I hope the children are not playing in my study now.
30 Bob and Tom were not playing checkers when I entered the room. They were playing chess.
66
1 If you read my letter, everything will become obvious.
2 You will pass the exam if you prepare for it properly.
3 If we buy this house, we will have to spend another twenty thousand dollars on its repair.
4 If we get the invitation to this party, we will go there with pleasure.
5 I will not answer the phone if you call after midnight.
6 If the water in the lake is warm, we will be able to swim.
7 You will not regret it if you do what I advise you.
8 If your attitude to me does not change, I will start looking for a new job.
9 They will pay you well if you accept their conditions.
10 We will buy you a dog if you walk him at least twice a day.
11 If they do not stop making noise, call the police.
12 I never sign a document if I have not read it carefully.
13 We will miss you very much if you leave Poland.
14 If we win on Saturday, we will be the champions.
15 Father will get angry if he leams about it.
16 I will not be able to help you if I do not find the dictionary.
17 Please let us know if you notice something suspicious.
18 The coach will not be satisfied with me if I do not play well in the next match.
19 If they offer you watching one of the two films, which one will you decide to watch?
20 If you have your hair cut, you will look much younger.
21 What will you answer if the police ask you about Paul?
22 I will not let you go to the mountains if your parents do not agree to it.
23 The lift will stop if you press the red button.
24 The meeting will not be held if the president does not return before three.
25 Where will we sleep if there are no vacant rooms at the hotel?
26 I will take part in the trip to Argentina if I save enough money.
27 He will be lucky if no one sees him.
28 Will you help her if she asks for it?
29 I will resign if the majority of MPs are against my tax policy.
30 You will feel much better if you lose a few kilograms.
126
31 I will have to move out if the land lords raise the rent.
32 If you decide to open a current account at our bank, we will give you a gold fountain pen free.
67
1 will be, come 2 will not admit, do not buy 3 will there be 4 will be, takes 5 does, will be
6 will regret, do not go 7 will lift, is not 8 forget, will melt 9 will be, eats 10 will not fall,'fix
11 do not treat, will not respect 12 do not find, will have 13 take, will soon lose
14 will not go, does not stop 15 will fail, starts 16 will be, is not 17 will go, reduce
18 will ice, does not get 19 will be, do not win 20 knocks 21 see, pretends 22 will receive, post
23 do not speed, will not get, 24 do not succeed, will I have 25 will charge, have 26 is, will share
27 will not be, have 28 add, will be 29 will have, does not come 30 will regret, do not take
68
1 If I knew new details, I would certainly inform you about it.
2 He would look much better if he didn't wear such a long coat.
3 If I were you, I would change the job.
4 They wouldn't call him a thief if he didn't steal.
5 I think you would benefit a lot if you moved out of Warsaw.
6 I would have much more free time if I didn't have to commute to work.
7 A lot of people would like Mike if he were more talkative.
8 If I told her about it now, I think she would burst into tears.
9 We wouldn't stay here if my husband were offered an interesting job in another city.
10 I would play the trumpet if I were asked to.
11 We wouldn't sell the painting if we didn't need money so badly.
12 You wouldn't make so many mistakes if you really thought about what you write.
13 We would be better off if father got a better-paid job.
14 Our house would be worth much more if it were in a better district.
15 We would certainly buy a dog if we hadn't got a cat.
16 If he really were a good player, he would play in a better team.
17 You would be paid better if you played more effectively.
18 Grandmother would see better if she wore stronger glasses.
19 We could save more money if we didn't have to pay for our children's studies.
20 If you ate half of what there is on the table, you would be sick.
21 You would achieve better results if you trained conscientiously.
22 We wouldn't help our children if it wasn't necessary.
23 Our wives would work if they didn't have to look after the children.
24 We wouldn't lend them our car if they didn't ask us for it.
25 If you lived in Russia, you would probably wear a fur coat in winter.
26 If we lived in Austria or Switzerland, we could ski.
27 Father would feel much better if he gave up smoking.
28 If I were a well-known actress, people would recognise me on the street.
29 Would you give me the keys to your flat if I had nowhere to go?
30 What country would you like to visit if you were given a free air ticket.
31 I think they would respect you if you were honest to them.
32 Which would you choose if the choice was yours?
33 I think your husband wouldn't be so nervous if he were more tolerant.
34 If you spoke a bit louder, we could hear you better.
35 If you had any problems with this device, let me know. (Should you have ...)
36 Ann would certainly be touched if you gave her a bunch of white roses.
127
37 We wouldn't be going out tonight if there were a more interesting programme on TV.
38 You wouldn't believe me if I told you who I met yesterday.
39 We would go there more often if my husband felt like doing it.
40 If I were given another chance, I would certainly take it.
69
1 had, wouldn't have 2 were, wouldn't keep 3 wouldn't be, drove 4 wouldn't give, were
5 would have, lived 6 were, would go 7 would happen, pressed 8 looked, would see
9 would go, stopped 10 would spend, enjoyed 11 would sharpen, had 12 heard
13 would attend, were 14 would take, had 15 would bite, teased 16 would speak, had
17 would be, explained 18 could, would certainly type 19 would sell, weren't
20 would agree, asked 21 were, would be 22 wouldn't live 23 would be, were
24 would recognise, saw 25 would look, put 26 would be, were 27 changed, would stop
28 would you do, saw 29 would buy, could 30 were, wouldn't have
70
1 If we had followed our coach's instructions, we would have won the match yesterday.
2 I wonder what you would have done if you had met him there yesterday.
3 If the police hadn't arrived on time, I would have had to intervene myself.
4 As a child I would have gone to a better school if my parents had had more money.
5 That poor child would have survived if help had come on time.
6 We would have sent you a postcard from Italy if we hadn't forgotten your address.
7 The Spanish course would have begun in September if more students had enrolled for it.
8 If I had told her about it then, she would certainly have burst into tears.
9 We would have stayed in Gdańsk if my husband hadn't been offered a better job in Warsaw.
10 We wouldn't have sold our house if we hadn't had financial problems a few years ago.
11 You wouldn't have caused the accident if you had driven more slowly.
12 I wouldn't have been able to answer all your questions if I hadn't read that report before.
13 I would have lent them the printer if they had asked me for it.
14 I wouldn't have waited for you so long if I had known you didn't want to see me.
15 They wouldn't have divorced if they had really loved each other.
16 If I had known he had so many problems, I would have helped him.
17 Where would you have spent the last night if there hadn't been any vacant places at the
camsite.
18 I would have come to the meeting on time if I hadn't met Robert's parents.
19 All this wouldn't have happened if the organizers had called the police earlier.
20 If you had met me when I was young, you would have fallen in love with me.
21 More copies of my books would have been published if I had signed the contracts with a bigger
publishing house.
22 If you had got up earlier, you would have heard the seven o'clock news.
23 You would have enjoyed yourselves if you had gone to the concert yesterday.
24 I would have bought the tickets if they had been still available.
25 More people would have voted for him in the last elections if he had been against high taxes in
the past.
26 I wouldn't have watched that film with such interest if my favourite actress hadn't played in it.
27 I wouldn't have withdrawn such a large sum of money if I hadn't bought the air tickets.
28 I wonder how your boss would have reacted if he had heard what you said about his firm.
29 We would have managed to do everything yesterday if you had helped us.
30 The children wouldn't have found the medicines if you had hidden them better.
128
71
1 had had, would have prepared 16 had taken, would have found
2 had sent, would have received 17 would have passed, had worked
3 would have come, had been 18 would have had, had known
4 had met, would have probably got 19 hadn't fought, wouldn't have given
5 would have been, had signed 20 would have bought, had really wanted
6 would have painted, hadn't convinced 21 would have paid, hadn't bought
7 would have made, hadn't persuaded 22 had offered, would have certainly taken
8 hadn't behaved, wouldn't have become 23 had left, wouldn't have been
9 would have been, hadn't drunk 24 would have been, hadn't put
10 had liked, would have bought 25 hadn't smoked, wouldn't have died
11 would have changed , hadn't made 26 wouldn't have argued, hadn't been
12 hadn't drunk, wouldn't have asked 27 hadn't won, would have been
13 hadn't remembered, wouldn't have found 28 had put, would have found
14 wouldn't have been, hadn't been 29 had written, would have been
15 would have been, had seen 30 would have caused, had exploded
72
1 will be 2 would have been 3 hadn't paid 4 didn't finish 5 doesn't go 6 wouldn't be
7 don't have 8 didn't win 9 won't let 10 will have 11 weren't 12 had shouted 13 knew
14 employ 15 are 16 had shopped 17 lived 18 hadn't driven 19 fails 20 doesn't run
21 could 22 had 23 had woken 24 will have 25 isn't 26 will be 27 hadn't been 28 spoke
29 invited 30 decide
73
1 You would manage to do it if you tried again tomorrow.
2 Would Jane's parents be delighted if their daughter got married to Mike next year?
3 We would have visited you yesterday if Tom hadn't come back so late.
4 If you don't take his advice, you may regret it one day.
5 Bob wouldn't have solved that problem if it had really been complicated.
6 If she had been satisfied with her last purchase, she wouldn't have returned it to the shop.
7 If you were to choose one of these two films, which one would you decide to watch?
8 They would have called you a coward if you had changed your decision yesterday.
9 If it turns out I am not right, I will resign.
10 If there were more such hotels in our country, more tourists would come here.
11 You will fail your exam if you miss so many classses.
12 I would help you if I knew how.
13 I would have paid more for the ticket if they had known I was over sixteen.
14 Do you think Arsenal would have won their last match if Alan Smith had played in it?
15 If the police find his finger prints at the scene of the crime, it will not be difficult to prove his guilt.
16 Thieves wouldn't steal so many cars in our country if they had more problems to register them.
17 If I were a little bit taller, I could reach the ceiling.
18 Father wouldn't have come late to the meeting yesterday if he hadn't forgotten to set the alarm
clock.
19 Nigel will go with you if you talk him into it.
20 I wouldn't park the car in front of the house if I had a garage.
21 If you publicly admit making the mistake, people will forgive you.
22 I would have solved that problem if I had been given more time.
23 Where will you work if you give up your job?
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24 If I had taken that book, the librarian would have noticed it.
25 If you hadn't been against it, our new product would have been launched much earlier.
26 If we hadn't got small children, I think we would travel more often.
27 We wouldn't get bored at professor Wild's lectures if they were more interesting.
28 If in the nearest future I do not use this chance, I will lose it for ever.
29 More passengers would fly with our airline if the tickets weren't so expensive.
30 They will believe you if you speak to them convincingly.
74
1 If you were as strong as you say, you wouldn't have lost yesterday.
2 We wouldn't have so many problems now if we had thought over all the details before.
3 If he didn't love you, he wouldn't have given you such an expensive necklace.
4 You could find an interesting job now if you had studied foreign languages at school.
5 If you had joined us then, you wouldn't regret it now.
6 He would have admitted making the mistake yesterday if he weren't a coward.
7 If we hadn't spent so much money in Sweden, we could go to Greece next month.
8 I would perhaps believe what you are saying if you hadn't lied to me so often before.
9 If we didn't earn so much, we wouldn't have sent our children to public schools.
10 They wouldn't have so many doubts now if you had explained everything with details before.
11 I wouldn't have paid so much for the ring if it wasn't gold.
12 We would win easily tomorrow if our three best players hadn't been suspended.
13 Far fewer spectators would watch our matches if we hadn't built the new sporting hall.
14 If we lived in the same country as our parents, we would have spent last Christmas together.
15 You wouldn't have problems with your health now if you had looked after yourself in your youth.
16 We would go to the mountains soon if our tent hadn't been stolen.
17 A lot of young people would have left the country if it were poorer.
18 She wouldn't be so rude to you if you hadn't insulted her before.
19 If we had reserved the seats on the plane before, we would be flying to La Paz tomorrow.
20 If my husband weren't so lazy, he would have mown the lawn a long time ago.
76
1 My room had been cleaned and the flowers watered by Chris.
2 The whole bottle was emptied by her.
3 Can't anything be done about it?
4 Black trousers and a bow tie must be worn tomorrow.
5 Was it mentioned (by him) at the meeting?
6 Everything will have to be checked again (by me).
7 He will never be forgotten.
8 Peter was informed by us but Andrew was not informed by Peter.
9 A lot of money has been saved (by me) so far.
10 Why is your watch being kept by him?
11 It is high time he was told to begin working hard.
12 The radio was turned on.
13 Milk is brought to our door every morning (by him).
14 The old building is being painted (by them).
15 The poor woman was taken to hospital by the ambulance at seven.
16 Nothing can be taken from my desk.
17 The police were called by us. The two thieves were arrested (by them).
18 My drawer was searched and my fountain pen found there (by me).
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19 Is tennis often played (by them)?
20 It might have been typed by her.
21 The blue one was chosen (by them).
22 My car is being repaired (by them) now.
23 A new suit has been bought (by me). It is being delivered at three.
24 You will be found wherever you go.
25 The ticket should not be thrown away before the journey is over.
26 Normally, we are provided with it (by them).
27 A lot of money was spent on that project.
28 Soft drinks will be served shortly.
29 Why wasn't that said earlier?
30 Dogs must not be kept in this flat.
31 Visitors are always asked not to leave their belongings here.
32 Nothing can be done before they arrive.
33 The paintings will be exhibited next week.
34 Who were you given my address by?
35 She has been warned by me.
36 Has my key been seen by anyone?
37 My office is usually cleaned by her. It was last cleaned on Friday.
38 This pen is used (by him) only on special occasions.
39 These curtains should not be ironed.
40 Twenty five students will be admitted this year.
41 Why weren't the curtains washed before they were hung?
42 They cannot be disturbed now.
43 He was being laughed at (by them) all the time.
44 I was not introduced to his mother-in-law by him.
45 This book was printed in Poland.
46 Have the flowers been bought yet?
47 Nothing will be said to her.
48 Someone's wallet was left on the window sill yesterday. It was found by me.
49 These pipes are made of wood.
50 It may be brought by him the day after tomorrow.
51 All the details were not given to me, I was expected to know them.
52 He was sent to prison some ten years ago.
53 That novel was written by Mark Twain, wasn't it?
54 Six pints of lager a day are normally drunk by him, yesterday four were drunk.
55 Your paper should be checked (by you) before it is handed to your teacher.
77
1 This play will be performed this evening for the first time.
2 Has the contract with the bank been signed yet?
3 It must be done for tomorrow.
4 This sort of wine is imported from Hungary.
5 I wonder who will be chosen as president.
6 This cat was fed yesterday evening.
7 When will my coat be delivered from the dry cleaner's?
8 This match should be won tomorrow easily.
9 Your papers are just being checked.
10 The length of this room was measured twice.
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11 This book has been read by my father for two days.
12 Small children should not be left alone in such a dangerous place.
13 The matter will be reconsidered next week.
14 Brave people will always be admired.
15 When I entered the bathroom I immediately realised that my towel had been used.
16 My son has been bitten by your dog.
17 This novel was written by Charles Dickens.
18 Has the service already been paid for?
19 Why wasn't coffee served when Mr Lawson was here?
20 My leg was broken when I fell over playing football.
21 The fairs have only been held in our town for three years.
22 My latest article hasn't been published in the local paper yet.
23 You can drive in. The gate is just being opened.
24 Tomorrow, milk will have been delivered to my door for a year.
25 The problem was just being discussed when I came to the meeting.
26 Where are these devices produced?
27 A new building will be built in this place soon.
28 Who was this picture painted by? By Claude Monet.
29 My husband was accused of something he certainly didn't do.
30 Spanish is spoken in many South American countries.
31 Robert was advised to withdraw.
32 You are expected to win the fight easily.
33 I was shown the way to the nearest chemist's.
34 You are expected tomorrow at 11:30.
35 His speech was listened to with attention yesterday.
36 He was warned against danger several times.
37 We have just been asked to stay in Warsaw till Wednesday.
38 I was made not to reveal the details of our plan.
39 You will be operated on by the famous surgeon.
40 I was advised not to change jobs.
41 This must have been done by Brian.
42 August is followed by September.
43 He will be shown the room tomorrow.
44 I was given it for my birthday.
45 I have just been introduced to your mother.
46 He was said to be one of the richest men in Poland.
47 I have been refused a visa to Iran.
48 Ann and Tom were heard to talk about the future of their firm.
49 You will be said not to respect the law.
50 She was admired for wisdom and courage.
51 We were advised to consider it thoroughly.
52 The president's speech was followed by complete silence.
78
1 My brother was given a warning.
A warning was given to my brother.
2 The tourists were shown the old town by the guide.
The old town was shown to the tourists by the guide.
132
3 An Arab tourist was refused a visa by the Australian Embassy.
A visa was refused to an Arab tourist by the Australian Embassy.
4 We were asked a very difficult question by the teacher.
A very difficult question was asked by the teacher.
5 We were promised a trip to Barcelona by our parents.
A trip to Barcelona was promised to us by our parents.
6 We were recommended another solicitor by John.
Another solicitor was recommended to us by John.
7 The dog was given a bone by Susan.
A bone was given to the dog by Susan.
8 The Smiths' daughter was bought a flat (by them).
A flat was bought by the Smiths for their daughter.
9 I was offered a new job by the director.
A new job was offered to me by the director.
10 I was allowed another half an hour (by them).
Another half an hour was allowed to me (by them).
79
1 They are playing a beautiful tune at the moment.
2 I usually feed my dogs twice a day.
3 You should lock the door.
4 The Genders are going to sell this house.
5 We will deliver this parcel tomorrow.
6 This plant grows in Africa.
7 The servant has just swept the floor.
8 They will forgive you.
9 The dentist is going to remove your tooth.
10 Our team could have won the match.
11 That big bird made the nest.
12 They haven't publihed this book in our country yet.
13 A beggar asked me for money.
14 They prefer dogs to cats in Paul's family.
15 Has mother cooked dinner yet?
16 The porter is carrying a very heavy suitcase.
17 You needn't have brought these chairs here.
18 Some fifty thousand spectators watched the game.
19 Mike broke his leg in a car accident.
20 They play football all over the world.
21 James saw the burglar break into the Smiths' house just after midnight.
22 They say he speaks several foreign languages.
23 Tom has earned a lot of money in London.
24 You must read this article very carefully.
25 Didn't I tell you not to touch it?
80
1 Tom said he would be seeing his doctor the following day.
2 Charles said I ought to visit them more often.
3 My secretary told me they were probably looking for me.
4 Chris said Roy would be angry if he leamt about that.
133
5 The player said he had broken his leg while he had been playing against Barcelona.
6 My brother said he had heard them talking about me the day before.
7 The children said they had enjoyed the play very much.
8 The man said the train usually arrived at platform six, but on that day it was arriving at platform two.
9 Peter said he hadn't left a message.
10 Joseph said they would have to think about it.
11 Julia and Tom said they had known each other for a year and a half before they had got married
12 Fiona complained she could type but she didn't speak Spanish so she was not likely to get the job
13 Sharon whispered she had always wanted to hear that from me.
14 The plumber said he would have done it by the following day.
15 Brian said he had no idea where to look for it.
81
1 Paul asked when and where Peter and Tom were arriving.
2 My mother asked how the doctor had reacted when he had heard that.
3 Betty asked how long we had known each other before we had got married.
4 My teacher asked me what I would be doing at that time the following day.
5 Andrew asked me how much he owed me.
6 The professor asked me if I had ever been to Las Vegas.
7 Mr Onslow asked me if I thought they would have completed it by the following Tuesday.
8 The tall man asked me since what time I had been waiting for the bus.
9 Mary asked me if my father grew vegetables in the garden.
10 The manager asked me if I would take up studying Russian if they decided to send me to
Moscow.
11 Robert asked why John wouldn't accompany me.
12 Bob asked how long my father had been there.
13 Bill asked if they had been interested in our offer.
14 Richard asked Andrew why he was asking him about that.
15 My mother asked me if I was going to inform my brother about my plans.
82
1 The teacher asked me to give it to John as soon as he came.
2 Rachel's mother told me not to come there so often.
3 My father advised me not to give up the job before I found another.
4 Robert told me not to touch it as it was very fragile.
5 Philip asked me to buy three tickets for the twelve o'clock train for him.
6 Mother asked her kids to be quiet while she was not there.
7 Ralph advised me to take that exam in June.
8 Ann asked her husband to wind up the clock before he went to bed.
9 Paul asked Nadia to forgive him as he hadn't meant to do it.
10 Miss Crawford advised Richard not to mention that unless John did it first.
11 Nigel told Steven to leave it there and go away.
12 Karen asked Charles to visit them when he happened to come to Brighton.
13 My mother told me not to lend him the money as he hadn't got a job.
14 Mr Major warned his son to be careful with that dog.
15 Sindy told her husband not to drive as he had been drinking.
134
83
1 Mr Sulivan confessed his daughter had been ironing when he had come home.
2 He assured me he hadn't been able to continue the fight.
3 The teacher said he was not satisfied with my composition.
4 Father complained that someone had taken his parking place.
5 Tom said someone regularly rang him at midnight.
6 Jane said she had found her umbrella only when it had stopped raining.
7 He said he wouldn't be talking long.
8 My financial adviser said I should put my savings into a fixed term bank account.
9 She complained she hadn't felt well for a few days.
10 The president said there wouldn't be any changes in the financial policy of the firm.
11 He said that what I was saying was not true.
12 Robert was sure we had known each other for a few years.
13 He assured us he would be the world champion soon.
14 He complained that no one had wanted to help him.
15 He told us he had found the watch on the beach.
84
1 Mother asked Tina what she had had for breakfast.
2 The policeman asked me if I had been drinking alcohol.
3 The journalist asked the Prime Minister why he went to Brussels so often.
4 John was asked if he was going to change the job.
5 I asked Debbie several times if she had seen my notes anywhere.
6 She asked me whether I would stay there alone or with my parents.
7 I was asked if I had ever visited Brazil.
8 I asked Trevor how often he went to the dentist.
9 The policeman asked me what exactly had been stolen from my flat.
10 The pupils asked the teacher when they would go to Holland.
11 Martin asked Judy if she could skate.
12 The tourists asked the guide who the castle had been built by.
13 David asked Jennifer what time she usually got up.
14 We wanted to know when the others would join us.
15 Claire asked me what colour I liked most.
85
1 Mike asked us to wait till Thursday.
2 We were told not to touch it.
3 He made us do it at once.
4 Grandfather advised me not to believe all the people.
5 Weren't you told to leave those things at school?
6 Mother asked me to help her clean the bathroom.
7 Father made me walk the dog in the evening.
8 Robert asked us to leave him alone.
9 William told me to call him about ten.
10 The doctor warned me not to take more than three tablets a day.
11 That man begged us to be given another chance.
12 The Wilsons asked us to stay for another few days.
13 The boss told me to prepare the report for Wednesday.
14 Grandmother made the children take their things to their room.
15 The teacher asked Peter to open the window.
135
86
1 Peter asked me why I was looking at him.
2 Jane asked who had taken her typewriter from the desk.
3 Peter said he knew someone who might help them.
4 John said he would have done it by the following Friday.
5 The old man complained he had lost his cheque-book the day before.
6 Betty asked me to draw the curtains.
7 Betty asked who lived in that strange house.
8 Paul told us to wait for them at Betty's.
9 My grandfather complained he had lost his glasses and he could not find them anywhere.
10 Peter said I should not borrow money from Jane as her income was very low.
11 Peter said he would do it for me.
12 Our neighbours said they were going to have their house painted the following month.
13 James warned me not to touch it as there might be a snake.
14 The boss asked what the new girl was like.
15 Chris remarked he should have been told about it before.
16 My mother said she had no idea why they had not come by then.
17 Tom advised me not to do it.
18 The young man asked whether or not she loved him.
19 Betty asked if I could dance as well as she could.
20 The shop assistant asked us to leave the basket there.
21 Sarah said she would not be able to see me the following day.
22 My husband said he would rather I did not choose the blue one.
23 Jane said she would go there only if Peter did not.
24 My wife asked me who had told me that.
25 Tom asked me not to mention it to anyone.
26 The secretary wanted to know if she should ask him to come in.
27 The rich man said he had a few cars but he preferred to walk.
28 Francis assured me he did trust me.
29 Mrs Fox complained she loved animals but her husband didn't.
30 Bill asked if I often happened to be there and I said I did.
31 A woman asked if they weren't tired of doing that sort of thing.
32 John's parents said their son had just got married.
33 The driver said he must leave at four.
34 Joseph said that if they had given it to him the day before, he would have written the report.
35 Peter's wife asked us not to disturb Peter as he was working hard.
36 Jane told me she could not see me that week but she would be able to meet me the following
month.
37 Tom's brother asked him whose shoes he had worn the previous night.
38 Karen asked me if I would prefer to stay with them or to go with Tom.
39 Our mother told us to stop making such a terrible noise.
40 Chris warned me to be careful and added they might try to cheat me.
41 Laura told Mark not to smoke in that room when the kids were there.
42 The guide asked me if I had ever been to Spain.
43 My mother asked me why I had met him the day before.
44 Mother told the children not to tease the cat.
45 She asked what I would do if I won $2.000.000 and I answered I would give up working for
Mr Lee.
46 Mrs White asked if I would like another cup of tea.
136
47 John told me he knew I had seen him the previous week.
48 Dorothy reminded me not to forget to be there at six.
49 The policeman asked what else they had taken from my room.
50 The lecturer asked if he was being listened to.
51 Mr Green wondered where his wife was.
52 The teacher asked who had told me that story.
53 The officer asked what they had been doing when I had come in.
54 The supporters said they would be very upset if Crystal Palace did not win the following day.
55 The judge asked whether or not she had said it.
WYBRANE CZASOWNIKI NIEREGULARNE
1 forma II forma III forma

bezokolicznik Past Simple imiesłów bierny
arise arose arisen powstać

be was, were been być
bear bore born znosić, rodzić s
beat beat beaten bić
become became become stać się
begin began begun zaczynać
bend bent bent zginać
bind bound bound wiązać
bite bit bitten gryźć
bleed bled bled krwawić
blow blew blown dmuchać, wiać
break broke broken łamać
breed bred bred hodować
bring brought brought przynosić
broadcast broadcast broadcast transmitować
build built built budować
burn burnt burnt palić
burst burst burst pękać
buy bought bought kupować
cast cast cast rzucać
catch caught caught łapać
choose chose chosen wybierać
come came come przychodzić
cost cost cost kosztować
creep crept crept skradać się
cut cut cut ciąć
deal dealt dealt zajmować się
dig dug dug kopać ziemię
do did done robić
draw drew drawn rysować
drink drank drunk pić
drive drove driven kierować
eat ate eaten jeść
fall fell fallen spadać
feed fed fed karmić
feel felt felt czuć
fight fought fought walczyć
find found found znaleźć
fly flew flown latać
forget forgot forgotten zapominać
139
forgive forgave forgiven przebaczać
freeze froze frozen zamarzać
get got got dostawać
give gave given dawać
go went gone chodzić, jechać
grow grew grown rosnąć
hang hung hung wieszać (rzecz)
hanged hanged wieszać (człowieka)
have had had mieć
hear heard heard słyszeć
hide hid hidden ukrywać
hit hit hit uderzać
hold held held trzymać
hurt hurt hurt ranić
keep kept kept trzymać
kneel knelt knelt klęczeć
know knew known wiedzieć, znać
lay laid laid kłaść
lead led led prowadzić
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned uczyć się
leave left left opuszczać
lend lent lent pożyczać
let let let pozwalać
lie lay lain leżeć
light lit lit oświetlać
lose lost lost gubić
make made made robić
mean meant meant znaczyć
meet met met spotykać
mislead misled misled wprowadzić w błąd
outdo outdid outdone przewyższać
overcome overcame overcome pokonać
overhear overheard overheard podsłuchać
oversleep overslept overslept zaspać
pay paid paid płacić
put put put kłaść
read read read czytać
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt odbudować
rewind rewound rewound przewijać
ride rode ridden jechać
ring rang rung dzwonić
rise rose risen podnosić się
run ran run biegać
say said said powiedzieć
see saw seen widzieć
140
seek sought sought szukać
sell sold sold sprzedawać
send sent sent wysyłać
set set set nastawiać
shake shook shaken trząść
shine shone shone świecić
shoot shot shot strzelać
show showed shown/showed pokazywać
shut shut shut zamykać
sing sang sung śpiewać
sink sank sunk tonąć
sit sat sat siedzieć
sleep slept slept spać
slide slid slid ślizgać
smell smelt smelt wąchać
speak spoke spoken mówić
speed sped sped mknąć
spell spelt spelt literować
spend spent spent spędzać
spit spat spat pluć
split split split rozdzielić
spread spread spread rozciągać
stand stood stood stać
steal stole stolen kraść
strike struck struck uderzać
swear swore sworn przysięgać
sweep swept swept zamiatać
swim swam swum pływać
take took taken brać
teach taught taught nauczać
tear tore tom rwać
tell told told powiedzieć
think thought thought myśleć
throw threw thrown rzucać
understand understood understood rozumieć
undertake undertook undertaken przedsiębrać
upset upset upset wywracać
wake woke woken budzić
wear wore worn nosić (odzież)
weave wove woven tkać
weep wept wept płakać
win won won wygrywać
wind wound wound nakręcać
withdraw withdrew withdrawn wycofywać
write wrote written pisać
141
Wybrana Bibliografia
Alexander L.G., Longman English Grammar, Longman, London 1991.

Allen W. S., Living English Structure, Longman, London 1990.
Graver B.D., Advanced English Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1975.
Hornby A. S., Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, Oxford University Press,
London 1977.
Leech G., SvartvikJ., A Communicative Grammar of English, Longman, London
1981.
Swan M., Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986.
Thomson A. J., Martinet Α. V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University
Press, Oxford 1982

Szarfemberg Tomasz - Czasy W Jezyku Angielskim

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TOMASZ SZARFEMBERG

Wydawca: Altravox Press

Druk Zakłady Graficzne im. KEN SA

Present Simple I Present Continuous 20

Past Simple / Past Continuous 34

Present Perfect I Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple / Past Perfect

Past Simple (Continuous) / Present Perfect (Continuous)

Future Perfect Continuous 63

Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous 64

Future in the Past 68

Future in the Past Continuous 69

Tryb warunkowy, II typ 75

Tryb warunkowy, III typ 76

Tryb warunkowy, I, II, III typ 82

Tryb warunkowy, typy mieszane 84

Następstwo czasów. Mowa zależna 91

Niniejsza książka służyć może zarówno osobom rozpoczynającym przygodę z

I am working Am I working? I am not working Am I not working?

I am - I'm is not - isn't Am I not? - Aren't I?

Czas ten tworzymy odmieniając czasownik be i dodając końcówkę- ing do bezokolicznika.

W przypadku czasowników jednosylabowych zawierających jedną samogłoskę, po której

Tak samo postępujemy w przypadku czasowników wielosylabowych, których ostatnia,

Zawsze podwajamy końcową spółgłoskę I, poprzedzoną pojedynczą samogłoską:

Czasu Present Continuous używamy:

Father is watching TV now.

b) mówiąc o czynnościach odbywanych w teraźniejszości, chociaż nie koniecznie w chwili,

c) chcąc wyrazić zmieniające się obecnie sytuacje:

The prices of the houses in our district are going up.

d) mówiąc o czynnościach przyszłych, zaplanowanych przez ich wykonawców:

They are coming tonight.

e) z przysłówkami always i continually chcąc wyrazić nasze zdenerwowanie, irytację lub

Bob is always coming late.

Ann is continually complaining.

Istnieje grupa czasowników, które nie występują w czasie Present Continuous. Są to

believe wierzyć need potrzebować

1 Betty słucha teraz radia.

2 Do każdego zdania ułóż pytanie i przeczenie:

1 The English lesson is finishing now.

3 Czasowniki podane w nawiasach wyraź w czasie Present Continuous:

1 Mr Smith (teach) his son to ride a horse now.

4 Uzupełnij zdania wstawiając odpowiedni czasownik w formę czasu Present Continuous:

boil iron drive ride do play

1 The tea is going to be ready soon. The water in the kettle

I work Do I work? I do not work Do I not work?

do not - don't Do I not? - Don'tl?

Czasu Present Simple używamy:

a) Wyrażając state, powtarzające się czynności lub trwałe stany:

My dog eats meat.

I play the piano.

I know your sister very well.

We usually have breakfast at eight.

John seldom uses this room.

c) mówiąc o prawach i regułach naukowych:

Water freezes at the temperature below zero.

Lineker passes the ball to Robson

Robert enters the room and sees Laura there.

e) mówiąc o czynności przyszłej, wynikającej z ustalonego rozkładu, planu:

The train arrives at 7:30.

We leave London at 10:15.

g) w odróżnieniu od czasu Present Continuous, użycie czasu Simple Present do wyrażenia

Paul takes the final exam on Friday.