ITProGuide Microsoft Exchange Server Training

DNS Name Space,

How DNS works?
Understand How DNS resolution works

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ITProGuide Microsoft Exchange Server Training

Agenda

1 DNS Namespace 3 How DNS Works

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2 Fully Qualified Domain Name 4 Summary
ITProGuide Microsoft Exchange Server Training

FQDN : Examples
itproguide.com
Fully qualified sales.itproguide.com

domain name uk.itproguide.com

corp.itproguide.com
The complete domain name

ITProguide
Domain Hierarchy
Root level
Domain

Inverted tree strecture

.net .com .org

Dots are placed between each Top Level
part of the name .gov .mil .biz Domain

Root is represented by a dot

itproguide
Second Level
Domains

ITProguide uk us sales
Sub Level
Domains
Domain Hierarchy
Root level
Domain
Inverted tree strecture

Dots are placed between each .net .com .org

part of the name Top Level
.gov .mil .biz Domain

Root is represented by a dot

itproguide
Second Level
pc.itproguide.com / Domains
user@itproguide.com

ITProguide
pc.uk.itproguide.com /
user@uk.itproguide.com
uk us sales
Sub Level
Domains

pc.us.itproguide.com /
user@us.itproguide.com
 Step 1: User query
A user type www.itproguide.com in the
browser, The browser send query over the
internet.

visit:
www.itproguide.com.

What is the IP
Address?

Recursive resolver:

ITProguide
It is the first stop in a DNS.
It know the authoritative name servers.
Communicate with several other DNS servers to hunt
down an IP address and return to the client
Root hint file
ISP DNS/Local DNS List of 13 logical root name server
Step 2: The Root Servers Root level
The Root servers are running all over the world and each one Domain
knows DNS information about Top Level Domain such as ".com",
".net"..etc
A small 2mb data set contain the name and iP address of DNS
servers for Top Level Domains (Ex: .com, .net)
Ans:
IP Address of
.com DNS Server
Query: DNS
server for ".com"

visit:
www.itproguide.com

What is the IP
Address?
.com

ITProguide
Top Level Domain Server

Root hint file

List of 13 logical root name server
ISP DNS/Local DNS
Step 3: Top Level Domain Root level
Top Level Domain Controller (TLD) DNS name server stores the Domain
address information for second level domains

TLD answer with the IP address of the domain's name server Ans:
IP Address of
.com DNS Server

Query: DNS Query: DNS server

server for ".com" for "itproguide" .com
visit:
Top Level Domain
www.itproguide.com Server

What is the IP Ans: IP address of

Address? DNS server for

ITProguide
"itproguide"

ISP DNS/Local DNS

Step 4: Domain Server Root level
DNS is name server know the IP address of www.itproguide.com Domain
webserver. DNS knows the complete for the FQDN.

Ans:
IP Address of
.com DNS Server

Query: DNS Query: DNS server

server for ".com" for "itproguide" .com
visit:
Top Level Domain
www.itproguide.com Server
Ans: IP address of
What is the IP
DNS server for
Address?
Query IP Address "itproguide"

ITProguide
in A record of
Itproguide.com

DNS Server
Name:itproguide.com
Ans: IP address: A : 191.23.12.1
191.23.12.1
ISP DNS/Local DNS
MX: 23.123.33.11
 Step 5: Website Appears Root level
ISP DNS Server or Local DNS Server return the IP Address to the Domain
client device
Client Device request https request to ip address and website
Appears
Ans:
IP Address of
.com DNS Server

Query: DNS Query: DNS server

server for ".com" for "itproguide" .com
visit: Top Level Domain
www.itproguide.com Server
https:192.23.12.11
Ans: IP address of
What is the IP
DNS server for
Address?
Query IP Address "itproguide"

ITProguide
in A record of
Itproguide.com

DNS Server
Name:itproguide.com
Ans: IP address: A : 191.23.12.11
191.23.12.11
ISP DNS/Local DNS
MX: 23.123.33.11
 Query Root level
Domain
Recursion: Sent by clients on the network to DNS Server
Iterative: Will response from its cache file or Zones

Ans:
IP Address of
.com DNS Server

Query: DNS Query: DNS server

server for ".com" for "itproguide" .com
visit: Top Level Domain
www.itproguide.com Server
https:192.23.12.11
Ans: IP address of
What is the IP
DNS server for
Address?
Query IP Address "itproguide"

ITProguide
in A record of
Itproguide.com

DNS Server
Name:itproguide.com
Ans: IP address: A : 191.23.12.11
191.23.12.11
ISP DNS/Local DNS
MX: 23.123.33.11
ITProGuide Microsoft Exchange Server Training

Thank you!
How DNS works

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