International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 2737-2743

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

A Review on Experimental Study on Stabilization of

black cotton Soil using Stone Dust
P. IMRAN KHAN 1 , Mrs. M.KALPANA 2
1. Undergraduate student, 2. Asst Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, Chennai-602105.

Abstract: A test examination is apportioned to check the effect of stone dust on designing and quality properties
of the Black Cotton Soils. The properties of stable soil like compaction qualities, triaxial compressive quality and
California bearing proportion were assessed and their varieties with substance of stone dust zone unit assessed.
Expansion of either Optimum extent of stone dust or Optimum extent of its mix to the Black Cotton Soil has
enhanced the quality attributes of sub review..

INTRODUCTION: study distributed to hunt out the standard of

The black cotton thus is thus expensive in nature it
will lands up in swelling and shrinkage upon wetting
and drying owing to seasonal wet fluctuations. the
excellence in water contents between the inside then
the surface zones of the building causes uplift of the
inside portion and lands up in mound – formed heave
of very cheap of the building. This induces hogging
moments that square measure several harmful to the
protection of the structure than drooping moments.
Severe cracking may end in the walls of the structure
as a consequence.
LITERATURE REVIEW
An experimental study on stabilization of black
cotton soil mistreatment hdpe wastage fibres,
stone mud and lime -Arun Patida & Dr. H.K.
Mahiyar: during this investigation is run to review
the impact of high density synthetic resin fibres,
stone dirt and lime on index and engineering
properties of the black cotton soil. The properties of
stable soil like compaction characteristics
unconfined compressive strength and CA bearing
relation were evaluated and their variations with
content of fibres, stone dirt and lime unit of
measurement evaluated.
Study on stabilization of black cotton soil by
mistreatment stone mud and polypropene fibres
- Dhananjay kumar Tiwari,dr. R.K.Dixit, Dr.
Subrat Roy : This paper deals with a usefulness
exploitation waste the strength of black cotton soil is
significantly improved by combination with stone
mud and plastic fibers as stable materials. Geotech
engineers area unit constantly sorting out new and
acceptable engineering ways for rising the
engineering properties black cotton soil. Our
building comes, airports, terminal generates
Brobdingnagian quantity of waste materials like
stone mud, plastic fibers.
Effect of lime and stone mud inthe geotechnical
properties of black cotton soil -Ankur Mudgal,
Raju Sarkar and A.K. Sahu: within the gift study
Black Cotton Soil was stable with a mixture of lime
and Stone mud. initial associate optimum worth of
lime selected the concept of some geotechnical
properties of mixture of lime and Black Cotton Soil.
. The samples were collected in the flesh and
procured freshly at the beginning of the study and
hold on properly. The collected soil samples were
characterized inside the geotechnical laboratory of
Delhi Technological University.
Effect of quarry mud on engineering properties
of black cotton soil - Hindu deity Chansoria,R. K.
Yadav : This analysis paper presents the impact of
quarry mud on engineering characteristics of black
cotton soil . The check results shows that the
California bearing relation (CBR) and compaction
parameters of black cotton soil area unit improved
with the addition of quarry mud .It is determined that
the CMB values area unit exaggerated from
one.75% to 7.05%, the optimum wet content has

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
been reduced from twenty one.1% to 12.6% and
most dry density square measure exaggerated from
one.6 to 1.76gm/cc . it's together found that the
expansive behaviour of black cotton soil reduced to
the great extent. during this experimental study it'll
be finished that the expansive behaviour of black
cotton soil area unit reduced to a considerable extent
with utilization of quarry mud.
Experimental study on stabilization of black
cotton soil with stone mud and fibers - K. Suresh,
V. Padmavathi, Apsar Sultana: during this
stabilization methodology, primarily involve
excavation of the unmoved soil, treatment to the
unmoved soil and compacting the treated soil. as a
result of the stabilization methodology involves
excavation of the unmoved soil, this method is sweet
for improvement of soil in shallow depths like
pavements. Foundations in expansive soils,
popularly referred to as black cotton soils
throughout this country, bear alternate swelling and
shrinkage upon wetting and drying as a results of
seasonal wet fluctuations. Typically, wet and vapor
migrates from the nice and cozy temperature zones
around the building. the excellence in water contents
between the within and so the outside zones of the
building causes uplift of the within portion and lands
up in mound – fashioned heave of the bottom of the
building. This induces hogging moments, that unit
of measurement extra detrimental to the protection
of the structure than lax moments.
Cement stabilised black cotton soil for pavement
subgrade construction -Githaiga Esther
Nyakarura: The expansive nature decreases the
bearing capability of the soil. The black modify
Black cotton soil is as a result of the presence of
Titania in small concentration. Expansive soils, once
associated with academic degree engineering
structure, will show a bent to swell or shrink
inflicting the structure to experience movements that
unit of measurement unrelated to the direct loading
of the structure. because of its high swelling and
shrinkage characteristics, Black cotton soils square
measure a challenge to the most road engineers.
Utilization of stone mud to enhance the
properties of expansive soil by Dr. M. S. Dixit, Dr.
K.A. Patil: owing to ascent of population and
business and there is lots of amount of increase in
construction activities. The cities and villages square
measure coming nearer, there is fast growth of
vehicles running on roads. this internet site
conditions may or won't be sufficiently sturdy
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enough to face to the load at hand it. thus on
overcome back these draw back ground
improvement techniques like soil stabilization, soil
reinforcement etc. square measure evolved. The
mechanical stabilization of soil proves to be worth
effective and reliable. as a result of the property of
clayey soil proves to be acceptable for mechanical
stabilization, the cohesive natured clayey soil were
chosen and checked for his or her geotechnical
properties with completely different general soil
characteristics by varied the content of stone mud.
thanks to increase in construction activities the
demand of crushed stone for buildings, road, railway
ballast and concrete work is increased. Usually this
can be} often a cloth and finally ends up in pollution
additionally as draw back for stock spile it on device
data processor to cut back the pollution additionally
as disposal draw back.
Effect of granite dirt on index properties of lime
stabilised black cotton soil -Jagmohan Mishra, R
K Yadav and A K Singhai: during this study the
results of granite mud on the index properties of
Black Cotton Soil stable with baseball lime square
measure presented. Soil samples containing baseball
lime and third, 10%, two hundredth and time unit of
granite mud was prepared and conjointly the liquid
limit, plastic limit and differential free swell were
conducted as per relevant IS code of practise. The
take a glance at results showed significance decrease
inside the expansive behaviour of the Black Cotton
Soil. The term soil improvement is used for the
techniques that improve the index properties and
different engineering characteristic of weak soils.
This ends up in serious environmental pollution and
occupation of huge area of land significantly once
the suspension dries up.
Effect of Quarry dirt on Index Properties of
Black Cotton Soil -Aditya Chansoria, R K
Yadav: This paper presents the experimental study
undertaken to analysis the suitability of
victimization quarry dirt as a stabilizer to spice up
the index properties of black cotton soil. Laboratory
tests were conducted on black cotton soil samples
mixed with the sure amount of quarry dirt by weight
of dry soil. it has been found that there is a serious
variation inside the liquid limit, plastic limit,
physical property index and differential free swell
index of black cotton soil samples containing quarry
dirt. There square measure many studies, that
reportable that the properties of expansive soil
square measure improved by addition of quarry dirt
into it. Roohbakshan and Kalantri (2013) studied the
results of lime and waste stone powder on clayey
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
soil. They reportable that the liquid limit and
physical property index bated with increase
throughout a waste stone powder and lime content.
there is academic degree improvement throughout a
geotechnical property of soil by addition of waste
stone powder and lime.
A Study on Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by
Use of ash, metallic element Chloride and Stone
dirt -‘Brajesh Mishra, Ravi Shanker Mishra:
owing to its special structure and properties it's
subjected to right smart volume changes. In recent
past years varied ways of useful these sorts of soils
square measure used with varied degree of results.
variety of the common ways like lime stabilization,
soil replacement, condition management and,
prewetting square measure used. The analysis
continues to be happening to go looking out
applicable and ideal declare the treatment of black
cotton soil. per recent analysis strong electrolytes
square measure usually utilised in situ of lime due to
their dissolving nature in water and readiness for
adequate natural action. within the gift analysis work
experimental investigations were distributed by
victimization ash, stone dirt and metal chloride to
spice up the properties of black cotton soil. Black
cotton soils square measure one in each of the
foremost troublesome soils for engineers due to their
swelling and shrinkage action due to variation in
condition content. once these soils square measure
obtainable contact with water volume can increase
and so the quantity decreases once water is removed.
In my analysis work stabilization of black cotton soil
is completed by victimization lime as associate
degree admixture.
Effect of stone dirt on the strength characteristics
of black cotton soil stabilised with rice husk ash -
Manjunath K R , Rohith L: This prompts
exhausting lowland space, soil contamination and
numerous utterly totally different risky impacts;
henceforth throughout this study use of waste (i.e.,
Rice husk ash) for enhancing the soil properties is
formed. inside the gift study influence of stone dirt
on the quality characteristics of Rice husk ash stable
black cotton soil to increase the choices of subgrade
soil were determined. Atterberg’s limit,
Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength
(UCS) and California Bearing magnitude relation
(CBR) experiments were administered on the
specimens of native soil and before Christ soil with
stabilizers. Over the past few decades Road
infrastructure in Asian nation is developing at a
quick pace. the event expense are going to be
extensively reduced by choosing neighbourhood
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resources beside domestically available soils for
rock bottom layers of the pavement.
Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by exploitation
Iron dirt -Vishal Dilip Khatate, Dinesh Subhash
Gavande: The recent development inside the
utilization of advanced composites inside the
advance of soil is increasing on the premise of
specific desires and national wishes. the requirement
of economical and strengthening techniques of
existing soil has resulted in analysis and
development of newer materials for improvement.
Here as an extra step toward the innovative material
to be used for stabilization, this study endeavour to
use industrial material like measuring instrument
mud (EAFD)iron mud and dolime fine for the soil
improvement. The term 'soil' has varied meanings,
relying upon general skillful field throughout that it's
being thought-about. To associate farmer, soil is that
the substance existing on the surface, that grows and
develops flora. To the person of science to boot, soil
is that the fabric inside the relatively skinny surface
zone at intervals that roots occur, and each one the
rest of the crust is sorted below the term rock
notwithstanding its hardness. To associate engineer,
soil is that the unaggregated or uncemented deposits
of minerals and organic particles or fragments
covering huge portion of the crust. It includes wide
all totally different materials like boulders, sands,
gravels, clays and silts, and so the direct the particle
sizes throughout a soil may extend from grains alone
a fraction of micrometre (10 cm) in diameter up to
huge size boulders. Betterment and prediction of
CMB of stone dirt mixed poor soils by -Pradeep
Muley, K. Jain: The paper discusses the results of
tests that unit performed on three soils notably the
expansive black cotton soil, the yellow clay, and
{thus|and so} the red murrum mixed with stone mud
(crusher dust) in varied proportions thus on study the
event inside the cosmic microwave background
price of these soils. the information generated from
the tests is then accustomed evolve Associate in
Nursing empirical correlation between the cosmic
microwave background price and so the essential
soil parameters of the mix soil notably the fine
content (less than 75 µ particles), D60 (particle size
resembling hour finer), the liquid limit and so the
plasticity index. the one correlation that is obtained
from the take a glance at info predicts pretty much
as good because the soaked cosmic microwave
background of the mix soils with ample accuracy
and so square measure usually used by practitioners
to possess an idea of the cosmic microwave
background of the soil mixed with stone mud by the
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
essential soil parameters, that unit invariably
administrated for the classification purpose.
Stabilization of Expansive Soil of Surat Region
victimisation Rice Husk Ash & Marble dirt -
Khushbu S. Gandhi: This work relies on associate
experimental study inside the stabilization of
associate expansive soil in Surat, consisting of the
changes of its varied properties and its mechanical
capacities by the addition of by-products and waste
materials of economic origin like rice husk ash and
marble mud. this might win the double objective of
reducing the problems of this type of soil, and in
addition of providing a use for the additives,
therefore eliminating the economic and
environmental value involved in managing them.
And in addition, statistical procedure for quick
prediction of swelling pressure and cosmic
microwave background signal price of soil with
regarding to the alternative properties of soil is in
addition distributed. There square measure varied
soil stabilization techniques for rising the strength of
the unedited soil, and one altogether the techniques
is mistreatment chemical additive.
Soft subgrade stabilization with quarry dust-an
industrial waste -U Arun Kumar, Kiran B.
Biradar: during this study Quarry mud has been
chosen as a Stabilizer. Laboratory tests were
conducted on soil with varied share of Quarry mud.
Atterberg limit and compaction check were assigned
on every unqualified and altered soil. CA bearing
relation (CBR) check was performed to examine the
strength properties of the Soil–Quarry mud
mixtures. Higher radiation values of soil-quarry mud
mix extent their potential to be used as a Subgrade
for versatile pavement. Performance of versatile
Pavement depends on the functions of the
component layers notably Subgrade. Subgrade is
compacted layer of soil provide the lateral support to
the pavement. the everyday approach of stabilization
of sentimental Subgrade is to induce obviate the soft
soil and replace it with soil of high strength.
Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil victimisation
ash and HDPE -Pavan N. Gawande, Yugal N.
Pawar, Pankaj A. Chavan and Bhalchandra K.
Doke: These comes invariably want quality earth in
great amount. In urban areas, borrow earth is not
merely out there that ought to be hauled from a
prolonged distance. very often, large space unites
square measure lined with very plastic and
expansive soil, that may not acceptable for such
purpose. The Nashik city of nation state is also a
fastest growing city in Asian nation, merely next to
Pune. The wide unfold of the black cotton soil inside
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Special Issue
the Nashik city is regionally out there. Black cotton
soil is also a worldwide draw back that poses several
challenges for civil engineers. they are thought of a
doable natural hazard, which can cause intensive
injury to structures if not adequately treated. Such
soils swell once given associate degree access to
water and shrink when they dry out. A task was
therefore undertaken to analyse and improve the
engineering properties of the black cotton therefore
of Nashik district area so, a far higher understanding
is fast for the field practitioners, whereas handling
these soils. one in each of the foremost effective and
economical technique of stabilization is addition of
helpful agents like ash and high density polymer
(HDPE) to expansive soil.
Experimental study on stabilization of black
cotton soil with stone dirt and fibers -K. Suresh,
V. Padmavathi, Apsar Sultana: associate degree
experimental investigation is administrated to
review the impact of stone mud and plastic fibers on
engineering and strength properties of the Black
Cotton Soils. The properties of stable soil like
compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive
strength and Calif. bearing magnitude relation were
evaluated and their variations with content of stone
mud and fibers square measure evaluated. Addition
of either Optimum share of stone mud (3%) and
Optimum share of fibers (0.6%) or Optimum share
of its combination to the Black Cotton Soil has
improved the strength characteristics of sub grade.
ways in which of stabilization may even be sorted
beneath two main types: (a) modification or
improvement of a soil property of the prevailing soil
whereas not exploitation any admixture and (b)
modification of the properties with the help of
admixture. The samples of the first kind square
measure compaction and removal, that improve the
inherent shear strength of soil. The samples of the
second kind square measure stabilization with
admixtures like cement, lime, bitumen, ash and
chemicals. Deep soil deposits square measure stable
by electrical ways in which, grouting, freeze etc. the
use of lime, cement and organic compound has
become common as helpful agents. The soil chosen
for the aim of this study may well be a Black Cotton
soil and conjointly the stabilizers used square
measure Stone mud. Effect of Granite mud on
Engineering Properties of Lime stabilised Black
Cotton Soil -Jagmohan Mishra R. K.Yadav A. K.
Singhai: This paper presents the results of granite
mud on the engineering characteristics of BC soil
stable with ball lime. A laboratory study was
undertaken to measure the results of granite mud as
a soil stabilizer. Soil sample containing ball lime and
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
1/3, 10%, 2 hundredth and 30 minutes of granite
mud were prepared and compaction characteristic
and California bearing relation take a glance at were
conducted as per relevant IS code of practise. The
take a glance at results disclosed that the compaction
parameters and radiation values of the soil square
measure improved well with the addition of the
granite mud. it's together found that the swelling of
the BC soil is sort of controlled. The result showed
the radiation price increased from one.7% to 7.15%,
the optimum wet content square measure reduced
from twenty second to 14.3% and so the foremost
dry density square measure increased from one.58
g/cc to at least one.88 g/cc. The conclusion drawn
from this experimental work is that the expansive
clay like black cotton soil are going to be stable by
the mixture of lime and stone mud to manage its
swelling nature and increase the soundness. Black
cotton soil is Associate in Nursing expansive soil
found in many components of state. It contains
montmonrollite minerals because of this these soils
incorporates an inclination swell and shrink to a fault
with the modification in wet content. to achieve the
economy and proper performance supported such
soils it is necessary to check the expansive behaviour
and improve the strength characteristic of such weak
soils.
Stabilization of soft clay soil using Fly ash and
Lime stone dust -Anu.K1 Deewash Gurung2
Rupesh Yadav3 Liga Lollen4 Phunstok
Namgyal Bhutia5: This paper investigates the
whole analysis of the event of the soil properties and
stabilisation exploitation ash and lime stone mud.
throughout this study laboratory experiments were
conducted on soft clay soil with replacement by
varied share of ash and lime stone mud. the various
laboratory experiments like compaction check,
UCC,Permeability, etc were conducted on every soft
clay soil and clay soil mixed with varied percentages
of ash and lime stone mud. The study has shown that
the addition of additives, lime stone mud and ash has
shown the numerous improvement at intervals the
strength and pale condition content and stiffness of
the soil, lots of considerably it exhibits larger
toughness, strength and stability as compared to soil
alone.
Stabilization of Soil -Santosh Dhakar, S.K. Jain:
the target of this paper is to review the applications
of assorted useful agents like lime, fly ash, cement,
rice husk, distended Phenylethylene geofoam and
paper sludge for varied variety of soil. attributable to
these reasons expansive soils would love treatment
before use as academic degree engineering material.
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These treatments square measure sometimes
classified into two ways, viz. (1) soil modification
and (2) soil stabilization. Structure designed at the
highest of wet season once the natural water content
is high show shrinkage crack and settlement,
throughout time of year. Shrinking cause a
downward thrust on the inspiration through skin
friction thus increasing the inspiration load.
CONCLUSION
On the experimental study following conclusions are
the addition of stone dust in Black Cotton Soil
improves the Engineering properties of soil. Present
study shows that optimum combination of stone dust
within the black cotton soil. Reduces swelling
pressure and shrinking pressure.
The adding the certain amount of stone dust in the
black cotton soil the value of plastic limit percentage
changes from 0% to 8% it will decrease and in the
liquid limit it will increase. The tremendously raise
in California Bearing ratio the penetration of plunger
at 12.5mm the value of 3% will increase compare to
the 0% and 8%. And in the standard proctor
compaction test Will increase soil porousness that is
sweet for voidance purpose. when Analysing price,
the value the price profit quantitative relation cost
has reduced. The value of delta H (1600) the
percentage of the 0% to 8% it will decrease this set
it will show that individual they're weak to provide
smart result however use in proportion will increase
the soil properties quite there individual
performance.
Hence, from the on top of take a look at results, it
may be complete that the Black Cotton Soil may be
used as a sub grade soil for construction when
Stabilization victimization stone dust
REFERENCES
[1] Suresh.K, Padmavathi.V and Apsar Sultana,
Experimental Study on Stabilization of black Cotton
soil with Stone Dust and Fibers, Indian Geotechnical
Conference, 2009, pp 502-506.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
[2] Amin.C, and Hamid.N, CBR Test on Fiber
Reinforced Silty Sand, International Journal of
Structural and Civil Engineering, 1, 2012, pp 1-9.
[3] Kumarawat, N., and Ahirwar, S.K. (2014).
“Performance Analysis of Black Cotton Soil Treated
With Calcium Carbide Residue and Stone Dust”
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Research and Science & Technology: Vol.3, No. 4,
Nov. 2014 .
[4] IS-2720 (Part V) 1965 Methods of Test for soil
“Determination of plastic limit of soil”.
[5] IS-2720 (part VIII) 1980 Methods of Test for soil
“Determination of optimum moisture content &
maximum dry density of soil by Standard Proctor
Test (light Compaction)”.
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Special Issue
[6] Satyanarayana, B. (1966). “Swelling Pressure
and Related Mechanical Properties of Black Cotton
Soils”,
[7] Ali and Sunil Koranne. 2011 “Performance
Analysis of Expansive Soil Treated With Stone Dust
and Fly ash”. As,Vol. 16 Bund
[8] Chen, F.H. (1988). “Foundations on Expansive
Soils”, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.,
Amsterdam
[9] IS: 2720 (Part V)-1985 Methods of Test for soil
“Determination of liquid limit of soil using
Casagrande Apparatus”.
[10] Muntohar, A., Widianti, A., Hartono, E., and
Diana W. (2013) “Engineering Properties of Silty
Soil Stabilized with Lime and Rice Husk Ash and
Reinforced with Waste Plastic Fiber” Journal of
materials in Civil Engineering, 25(9), 1260-1270
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