PRINMA EDUCATION [MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World Lesson #3 Class number Date: Materials Lesson Tite: Differentiating Inductive and Deductive Reasoning ‘Student Activity Sheets Learning Objectives: At the end ofthis module, you shouldbe ableto: References: 1 Determine statements with inductive and deductive reasoning wwwsmathhelp.com 2. Compare and contrast inductive and deductive arguments. ‘wwrw.mathboothcamps.com raw assessment training com Productivity Tip: “Brethe, smile and think of happy thouzhts, Keep your actions or tasks uptodate and assign deadlines to tae” ‘A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction (2 mins) Inductive and deductive reasoning are two fundamental forms of reasoning for mathematicians. The forms of theorems and proofs that we ely on today all began with these two types of reasoning. Even today, ‘matnematicins are actively using these two Iypes of reasoring lo discover new mathematical theorems {nd proofs. Dis you notice atthe patterns in nature are all arranged logically? Believe itor not, you yourself ‘might be Using inductive and deductive reasoning when you make assumptions about how the word works. ‘Activity 1: What | Know Chart, part 1 mins) Instructions: Wie inthe frst column what you know about the given questions. The thie column is eft blank at this tne ‘What | Know [Ovestion: Tita teamed civ | 1. Which is easy to construc, | oA remy sive Inc or ainaverenig? | DO SNE) [e doin rca ye | Ye By true? | “hot What inactive reasoning» | Come Rom Lise rma? This document isthe property of PHINMA EDUCATIONmids EDUeET OH [MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World crags uno ray Name Class number: Section: ‘Schedule: Date: [A his point, you must have ted your best to compare and contrast inductive and deductive reasoning Try to make your ov reasoning: The argument should consist of three (3) sentences, indicate whether you are uaing inductive or dedveva reasoning and Underine the conclusion How would you convince your parents or guardian to give you extra cash? J dat wore oe cot! Yer Rea a | ty wen gas we obo Ch So eve Cash — Je luckive’? ‘Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking) Fart Identity the reasoning process, inductive or deductive. 1, My country requis a Iawyers pass thebearo practoe I do not pass the bar then Ill not be abe to represent sorneone egy. Vedsve _ 2. Alidopphins are mammals. Allmammals have kidneys. Then ll dolphins have kidneys, ede 3. alltiangles have three interior angles that sum to 160". Right wiangles have exactly one 90" angle and two angles that add to 60° Therefore, the two remaining angles of al ight tangles must each be acute in dette 4 The let-nanded people | know use lt-handed scissors; therefore, all let-handed people use left-handed scissors, incletive _ 5, The chair in the living room is red. The chai inthe dining room is red. The chai inthe bedroom is red. Al the chairs inthe house are ed art 2. Examine the given inductive sequences. Determine the next term or figure and write your ‘answer on the third column, ‘Number | Patter/Sequence ising term or figure 1) This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION,PHINMA EDUCATION MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World pac se Name: Class number: Section: Date: [9 | CH, CH, Css, Cs, Ee SL ee eee Part 3. Given in inductive or deductive arguments. Rewrite each argument from inductive to deductive reasoning approach or vise versa. (The first two are done for you and serve as examples.) 1) Deductive Reasoning: The fist lipstick I pulled from my bag is red. Al ipsticks in my bag ate red Therefore, the second Kpstck | pul om my bag wil be red. to, Inductive Reasoning: The fist lipstick | pulled from my bag i re, The second Ipstck | pulled from my bog is red. Therefore, al the ipstcks In my bag are red 2 Inductive Reasoning: Most of our snowstorms come from the noth fs stating to snow. This snowstorm must be coming from ihe north Deductive Reasoning: Al of our snowstorms come fom the north ts starting lo snow. Therefore, the stor is coming from te noth 3 Inductive Reasoning: My mothers ish. She has blond hai. Therefore, everyone from lreland has blond hai. Deductive Reasoning: Vy weer is 8% Gieny one ig, Rerclae_lp Lee ons a ne bee 4) Deductive Reasoning: Maxis a sheller dog. All shelter dogs are happy. Therefore, he is happy. Inductiw Reasoning, “No XC _o Sactar tng, ais fugen— BH dogs bee ay "Check your answers agains the Key to Comections found atthe end ofthis SAS. Write your score on your paper." ‘Activity 4: What Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins) Instructions: Review the questions in the What Know Chart from Activity 1 and write your answers tothe ‘questions based on what you now knowin the third column ofthe chat, This document isthe property of PHINMA EDUCATIONPHINWA EDUCATION. (MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World Pee ees ee Name; Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: [Activity 5: Check for Understanding (Smins) Practice Exercise: Write the type of reasoning (inductive or deductive) for each ofthe following arguments of [Arguments - 7) Jennifer aways aves for school at T'00 arm. Jennifer is always on tine Jennifer assumes, then, that if she leaves a 7:00 2m. for school today, she wi bbe on time. Every cheken weve seen has been brown. All chickens in his area mustbe brown, 23) Every windstorm in his area comes fom the north. Tan see aig cous of Gustin the distance, A new windstorm Is coming from the north ay Ray isa eobal player. Ate oer aa players one igh schooTeam | Ria mre nan 170 pounds. Thaetore Ray must weigh more fan 170 pounds |B)Letxbeequalte §. Hence, xe 121 ‘Ri naribers ending n O or are GSD by 5. The namber dS ends with aS, ‘soit must be divisible by 8. | | yA bras have Tether. Avobne are Bids: TRETOTe. rotins have ears. | 3) Irvust have 40 cedts to gradual his summer Because Toni have 38 cedis, Twi ‘otbe graduating ths summer. |B) All ais have a Keen sense of smell Fly ie a ca, so Fuilyhas a keen sense of smell | | 10) Cact ae plans, and ai plans perform photosyrihesis Therelore, caci perform photosynthesis, | Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found atthe end ofthis SAS Write your score on your paper. C.LESSON WRAP-UP 1) Activity 6 Thinking about Learning (S mins) A Work Tracker ‘You ace done with ths session! Lt’ track your progress. Shade the session number you just completed This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION (MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modem World et ro ee Class number: Date: __ Name: Section: Schedule: Eee ee Se . Think about your Learning Let's discuss your leaming experience about the diferent activities inthis module. 1 What parts wre callonging for you todo? Wy do you tink was it challenging for you? Ba Me poets OE Chaltene tat Pir ck waerstanie, \l 2. Ina scale of 1-5, 1 being ow and 5 being high, how successful were you in meeting today’ lesson ‘objectives? Why do you say so? What factors Cchtrbuted to his? What changes, i any should you do forveurpen son aoe dln? he lessor very yet x Fags 1), Is scientific method uses deductive or inductive? ‘The scentife methos uses deduction fo test hypotheses and theories. “in deductive inference, we hold 2 theory and based on itwe make a prediction of ts consequences, Tht is, we predic! what tne ‘observations shouldbe if the theory were correct. Wie go from the general — the theory — lo the ‘spectfo — the observations,” said Dr. Syvia Wasserthel-Smolle, a researcher and professor emerta at Aber Einstein College of Medicine, Inductive reasoning has is place in the scientfic method. Scientists use ito form hypotheses and theories. Deductve reasoning allows them to apply the theories to specific stuations 2) Why is deductive reasoning stronger than inductive? Deductve reasoning is stronger han inductive reasoning because It A. draws conclusions based on premises everyone can agree on 3) Is deductive reasoning always tue? ‘A property consircted deductive argument is ahvays logically" right, but that doesnt mean it ‘nevessanly results in truthful conclusion... To be logically vali. the conclusion must flow ‘nezessariy from the premises. to be sound, however, he premises must actually be true in the fest place. KEY TO CORRECTIONS (1 point fr each corect answer) Activity 3. Part 1. (I) deductive (2) deductive G)deductve inductive inductive This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION