UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

ART APPRECIATION
Subject Code: GEC 006
Topic or Lesson: Contemporary Art Principles and Movements
Week: 16
Subtopic:
 Contemporary Art and Practice: Their Meaning
 Contemporary Art Practice
 Contemporary Art Movements
 Filipino Artists of the Century
 Living Filipino Artist

OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

They say art is almost everywhere, and practically every day, we use them, see them,
touch them, and even sit and lay down on them, but most of us never know that those things are
considered “ART.” This module will give you an additional idea about the various principles of
Contemporary Arts. This module contains information about the principles and movements
applied in contemporary arts.

Contemporary art is the term used for the art of the present day. Usually, the artists are
alive and still making work. Contemporary art is often about ideas and concerns rather than
solely the aesthetic (the look of the work). Artists try different ways of experimenting with ideas
and materials. Contemporary artists use whatever they think illustrates their concept most
appropriately. Nowadays, artists have many other methods and materials to use. Some use
painting and drawing, but photography, sculpture, film, new media, live performance, light,
sound, and installation. Contemporary art is, therefore, very varied.

LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to

a. Identify the contemporary art practices and movements; and

b. Appreciate better the various practices and movements in contemporary art.
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
a. Discuss the different Art Principles and Movements;
b. Creates avenues to advocate the arts from the different regions in the Philippines; and
c. Appreciate contemporary art forms based on the practice and movements.

ENGAGE

Watch the ff:

Youtube videos:

https://youtu.be/NKN8F6oO1jU
https://youtu.be/I3dfQNW4y5o

Let us do some photo analysis. Below is a photo of an artwork created in 2008. Identify
the possible minor details that you can find in the artwork to develop a coherent description of it.
Rachel Harrison, Huffy Howler, 2004. Collection Walker Art Center, Minneapolis T. B. Walker Acquisition Fund, 2008. © David Levene 2015: 44; Courtesy of the
artist and Greene Naftali, New York. Photo by Jean Vong. Courtesy of Prestel Publishing. Taken from https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-10-artworks-story-

contemporary-art
1. Is the artwork a visual art or combined arts?
2. Explain why you categorize the artwork as such.
3. What is the artist trying to portray in his artwork?
4. What is your interpretation of it?

Let us do some photo analysis. Below is a photo of an artwork created in 2008. Identify
the possible minor details that you can find in the artwork to develop a coherent description of it.
For centuries, people have built up strict standards of what was or was not art. Think
about the art movements in the 19th and 20th centuries discussed in the previous lesson:
Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Noveau, Fauvism,
Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism — all of which depict art in the modern age.

Art made after that is considered contemporary. The photo on the previous page is an
example of contemporary artwork in sculpture form. Contemporary art is often defined as art
created by those living today or created in the 21st century (Smith, 2009). No matter which
one describes it more accurately, one thing is for sure: today’s contemporary art is greatly
influenced by the past, specifically by abstract expressionism.

Abstract expressionism, a movement centered on emotional expression, creativity,

and spontaneity, ruled the art world from the 1940s to the 1960s. During this famous art era,
many artists traded in a desire to make things look realistic for the desire to express
themselves. Gone were the calculated brush strokes and pencil lines that made a tree look like
a tree. In their place came things like broad splashes of paint strewn impulsively and
instinctively across large canvases.

Like how your parents passed down their looks and hobbies to you as their children,
abstract expressionism passed on its freedom from prescribed convention to contemporary art.
Gone are the days when art used only the medium of oil paints or soft watercolors to imitate the
natural world.

EXPLORE

What are the contemporary art practices?

Contemporary art was made following the modern and postmodern art movements.
Some historians and art critics describe it as the first movement, in the fine art world, to lack
restraints of any kind. It is defined, in part, by being undefinable. Artwork from this category
spans all genres, from painting and film to sculpture and everything in between. These works of
art also span various mediums and include numerous subcategories. Contemporary art is an
experiment in processes as it is a type of art.

Artists probably grew tired of the restrictions predetermined by individuals in the

traditional world of art other than themselves. They began to focus on exploring concepts like
social and global issues. There was and continues to be no shortage of subject matter here,
with the numerous stories making headlines worldwide. However, contemporary art is not
limited to only art with a message. These artists strive to involve individuals in an experience
when viewing their pieces. The experience of the artwork may confront multiple senses
simultaneously and be presented in a multitude of ways. An acceptance for various approaches
emerged to challenge what art is, how it is made, and why people make it.

Artists like Jeff Koons, Keith Haring,

Anish Kapoor, and Banksy are famous
examples of this art movement. All approach
their art differently and for different reasons,
but all are driven to make art more accessible
to the people. Technology has fostered our
connectedness, supporting these attempts
and making them quite successful. Now, the
"Jeff Koons Gorilla" is based on tiny plastic gorilla from a
Mold -A-Rama at the Los Angeles Zoo.
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artist can contact their audience more quickly, but the consumer can share their interests just as
effortlessly.

For example, Anish Kapoor enjoys

Anish Kapoor sculpture blends fabric and steel in New
Zealand
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
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simultaneously involving his viewer and the
surrounding landscape with his artwork. His
artwork tends to be very large, and the lines
between art and architecture become obscure.
Viewing the work becomes an experience, and
the experience often changes from one
perspective to another. His work is sought
after, and people travel worldwide to explore
his pieces.

Banksy, on the other hand, very

controversially reaches out to his audience
whether they want to participate or not via
graffiti art. He displays his art on various
surfaces in many public locations without
proper permission beforehand. He confronts
his viewers with social and global issues,
Banksy’s “I Remember When All This was Trees” (2010) is
enlightening the masses through visual an aerosol on cinder-block wall from Packard Automobile
representations. One may argue that his Plant, Detroit, Michigan.
questionable approach mirrors the topics he https://www.google.com.ph/search?
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Contemporary art is produced on a much grander scale in more mediums and

combinations thereof than ever before. Art has become more accessible both to the creators
and viewers alike. This accessibility drives the need to educate the world on the issues that
affect us most through our contemporary art. It is a need to find what is possible and reject what
has already been done. Various art movements have emerged to make this happen, which can
be associated with contemporary art.

What are the Contemporary Art Movements?

The distinction between modern art and contemporary art could also be a matter of
perception and reception depending on the context. Art is the expression of one's feelings
through creating something out of their imagination. Art is both a product and a process of a
creative decision of an artist in their attempt to be involved in a dialogue and to articulate their
motivations for Creation- be it the medium, style, subject, form, etc. Contemporary art is art
produced in the present period. Contemporary art includes and develops from, Postmodern art,
which is itself a successor to Modern art.

Pop Art
Who knew one could become famous by painting soup cans, ketchup bottles, or
sunglasses? Many artists became famous in the mid-1900s by creating pop art paintings based
on everyday products.
 If you like looking at bold images of everyday items painted in bright colors, then this
type of art is called pop art, and it began in the 1950s. Pop art is a style based on simple, bold
images of everyday items, such as soup cans, painted in bright colors. Pop artists created
pictures of consumer product labels and packaging, photos of celebrities like Marilyn Monroe on
the suitable, comic strips, and animals. The surprised woman below is another example of a
comic strip pop art style. Notice how it uses bold colors.

The term pop art originated with Lawrence Alloway, and the word 'popular' was
used to describe the modern feel of the art. It relied upon bold colors and simple images to send
a creative message about consumer buying habits and interests and the technological
advancements of the post-WWII world. Some of the most famous artists in the pop art
movement are Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jasper Johns. These artists used the dot
method and stencil style to create pop art paintings.

Pop art has its roots in the early-20th century style of Dada, which relied on chance to
find pre-made objects that could be turned into high art. It was also influenced by the severe
movement of Abstract Expressionism, which was popular at the same time. Pop artists rejected
this weightiness and glorified everything that high art usually left, such as commercial
advertising, cheap reproductions, and popular clichés. Through their ingenuity and opposing
views on the traditions of fine art, these artists managed to create a thought-provoking critique
of modern society that really 'popped!

https://www.google.com.ph/search?
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Photorealism
 What if you could look at a photo and
reproduce it as a drawing or painting? That is
precisely what photorealism was all about.
Photorealism was an American art movement
in which artists attempted to recreate the
image by taking a photo using a different
artistic medium such as drawing, pastels,
painting, charcoal, etc.

The primary goal was to capture the

essence of the photo on canvas. The artist
would develop the image, transfer it to a
canvas, and bring it back to life using a
different medium. Minimalism, while not a
required factor in photorealistic work, is a
primary tenet of the style. Ultimately, the
image was clean, without clutter, and did not
come off as ‘busy.’

Photorealism came to life in the 1960s

through the 1970s in America as an opposing
force to Abstract Expressionism. In its
opposition, photorealism aligned itself with Pop
Art, and both fields of art worked with
photography in mind.
The photorealists who were
significant players in the movement were:
Acrylic Photorealism Bottle Caps Illustrations
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the photorealist campaign; Tom Blackwell, 4KHZzpCd4Q9QEwAnoECAYQBA#imgrc=6JHXxS680uLC CM:

who painted over 150 pieces and whose

favorite object to paint is a motorcycle; Ralph Goings, who painted diners and almost always
included a truck in the image, and John Baeder loved to paint restaurants ranging from
McDonald's to Red Robin.

Conceptualism
In conceptual art, the idea or concept behind the art is more important than the finished
product. The real art, the real purpose, is to explore intellectual ideas through the act of artistic
creation, but once you have done that, the meaning of the art is achieved, regardless of the
appearance. At least in the modern sense, the ideas behind conceptual art date back to the
early 20th century when Marcel Duchamp started using premade objects to create works of art.
The sculpture on the right, entitled, The Fountain, designed in 1917, is a urinal flipped on its
side and inscribed with’ R. Mutt 1917'. He would build readymades because they were built with
premade parts by going to a store to buy an item and alter it just slightly enough to make it art.
He is removing the artist's control over the visual elements, thus placing the entire value of the
art on its meaning.

Conceptual artists create artworks that need to be more abstract, more about the
meaning than anything else.
 However, conceptual art as an authentic movement didn't emerge until the 1960s, when
American artist Sol LeWitt published a series of essays defining the concept as more important
than the visual product. LeWitt and others often did not 'make' their art at all. They designed and
planned it and then let someone else make the final product because what mattered was the
idea, the concept.

Performance Art
For hundreds of years, people made art based on what they saw in the world. Some art
conveyed a narrative or story, possibly from religion or mythology. But ideas about art changed
in the 20th century as artists questioned old approaches and expectations and began to express
themselves visually in radical new ways. Twenty-first-century technologies have also impacted
art. In today's world, art includes activities and processes like performance art or a series of
actions by an artist, sometimes involving audience participation.

Performance-based arts are unique in that their meaning has to be understood through
the creation, performance, and reception of the art simultaneously. The setting and the
audience become integral parts of performance arts. One of the most traditional forms of
performing art is theater, in which narratives are served by a variety of gifted artists and put
together by directors, choreographers, and writers. Other artists have broken down theater into
more basic components, such as those engaged in the spoken word performance of oral
interpretation. Others perform in uncontrollable public settings, as with street art. In terms of
intellectual arts, performance art is a growing avant-garde movement focused on the artist's
body as art. Performed arts must be experienced to be fully appreciated, making them unique
forms of artistic expression that can never be duplicated entirely.

In all performing arts, the human body is an integral element, but this is the absolute
focus in performance art. The artist's body becomes the canvas. As a result, many performance
art pieces are sexually explicit. In particular, performance art involving the female body became
a powerful way to interact with emerging feminist ideologies in a largely patriarchal society
during the 1960s and 1970s. It is a fascinating form of art that can be performed practically
anywhere, upholding the adage: all the world's a stage.

Installation art
Installation art is a type of
art in which artists create one
significant work of art meant to be
exhibited in one room or space. It
developed in the 20th century out
of movements like conceptual art,
in which the idea and experience
(as discussed earlier) were more
important than the finished work.
Many installation artworks are
done in mixed media or multiple
types of art methods. They often
incorporate found objects, cast-off
items repurposed in art, and might
also involve audio and video
components and technology. The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago
Because installations are https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=the+dinner+party&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH767PH767&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT-
so large and sometimes involve
specific actions, they are often done for finite amounts of time. When over, they are
disassembled. Most art installations are considered time-based media or art with a duration.
Examples of installation art include Étant Donnés by Marcel Duchamp, I Like America and
America Likes Me by Joseph Beuys, The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago, and My Bed by Tracey
Emin.

Earth art
Earth art, also referred to as Land Art or
Earthworks, is an American movement that uses
the natural landscape to create site-specific
structures, art forms, and sculptures. Founded on
Conceptualism and Minimalism, the beginnings of
the environmental movement and the rampant
commoditization of American art in the late 1960s
influenced ideas and works in this movement.

Earth artists favored materials that could be

extracted directly from nature, such as stones,
water, gravel, and soil. Influenced by prehistoric
artworks such as Stonehenge, Earth artists left
their structures exposed to the elements. The
resulting Andyephemerality
Goldsworthy, one of Two and Oak Stacks, eventual
2003, two large balls of stacked and knitted oak
disintegration of the works put
sticks them outside the
mainstream,http://amandaearthart.blogspot.com/2008/11/examples-of-earth-art.html
where works of art were typically
coddled and protected in controlled
environments.

Street art
Street art is art created on surfaces in public places like
sidewalks, exterior building walls, and highway overpasses.
Street art tends to happen in urban areas, and yes, it is
connected in specific ways to graffiti. Street art is usually created
to convey a message related to political ideas, social
commentary, or confrontation. Graffiti is less engaged with public
opinion. Now, not all street art involves painting. It can be done
with stickers spread over surfaces or by methods like yarn
bombing, a process where artists cover things like trees and
telephone poles with knitting and colorful fibers. Street art can
also be done with stencils, where the creator repeats the image
all over a surface to make a statement.

The history of street art traces to tagging or scratching

names into walls and concrete in New York in the late 1960s.
Then, work by graffiti artists in the 1970s and 1980s began to
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inspire people like Keith Haring, who did a chalk drawing in the
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Today, cities like Philadelphia sponsor mural programs, and

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 EXPLAIN

What‘s in?

Elements and Principles of Contemporary Arts

Appropriation
As cited by the famous painter Pablo Picasso “Good artists copy, great artists steal.”
These are existing artworks appropriate to produce another art and look contemporary. It is a
combination of the new and old elements. It is defined as the use of prints, images, and icons to
produce another art form. It combines the past with the present and revives interests in existing
art forms. Below are examples of Appropriation.

An example of Appropriation of Dr. Jose Rizals Image

Image source: https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/8837/shock-for-shock%E2%80%99s-sake/

The Scream painting by Edvard Munch was replaced with a Home Alone character.
Image source: https://www.slideshare.net/akahn5843/similarity-judgments-final

Do you think that the pre-existing artwork used in appropriation is defaced or

devalued?
Performance
Performance evolved to “emphasize spontaneous elements of chance”– Walker Art
Center. They interpret various human activities such as chores, routines, and rituals, to a
socially relevant themes such as poverty, commercialism, and even war. Below are some

examples.
Banga Dance performed by Philippine Performing Arts Company
Image source: https://pasacat.org/

Space
Arts that transform spaces, for example, flash mobs and art installations in malls and
parks. Site-Specific Art Forms – an art form performed and positioned in a specific area such as
public spaces. Examples are flash mobs and art installations.

(10-foot art installation of a Philippine flag displayed at the Paseo de Magaleñes in Makati City on Sunday (Jun 11, 2017) in time for
the country’s 119th Independence Day)
Image source: http://northboundasia.com/2017/06/12/freedom-walk/

Hybridity
It uses unconventional materials mixing unlikely mediums or materials to produce an
artwork. Examples are coffee used in painting and miniature sculptures using crayons.
 Recycled Tsinelas Action Figures by Elmer Padilla
Image source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BaaQOz5BGA2/?utm_source=ig_embed

Technology
Usage of technology in creating and disseminating artworks video phenomenon from
MTV to the popular video streaming platform YouTube. Recording performances, video posting,
sharing, live streaming.

"Art + Video Tech: Exploring New Technology for Contemporary Art" exhibit
Image source: http://www.wazzuppilipinas.com/2013/10/art-technology-fusion-of-new-technology.html

What are the Three Major Contemporary Art Forms?

1. Visual or Space Arts – They are also known as “Space Arts” simply because they
occupy space to make and display them. Examples of visual arts are Painting,
Sculpture, and Architecture.

a. Painting is a visual art expressed by bylines, form, texture, value, or color. It is

being used as decorations, an educational device, etc.

b. Sculpture – expressed either by carving, shaping, or molding. It deals mainly with

the human figure, animals, figurines, decorative lampshades, and pottery.

c. Architecture – This visual art is expressed through rhythmic features, such as

windows, ornaments, columns, and tile flooring.
 2. Auditory Arts – Are primarily heard; they are also known as “Time Arts” because they
exist in time. Examples are Literature and Music.

a. Literature includes writing poems, short stories, novels, plays, histories,

biographies, and essays. It is also known as “Fine Writing.”

b. Music – Is a combination of sounds. It is said to be the most dynamic, emotional,

universal, and abstract of all fine arts.

3. Combined Arts – “Performing or Performance Arts “ combines visual and auditory

elements. They are usually performed on stage or screen.

a. Circus – A form of entertainment generally consists of displays of horsemanship;

exhibitions by gymnasts, aerialists, wild-animal trainers, and performing animals;
and comic pantomime by clowns.

b. Dance - It is based upon music or any rhythmic sound. It is characterized by

rhythm and repetition.

c. Opera -This is a stage drama with orchestral accompaniment, in which music is

the dominant element, the performers are singing all or most of their lines.

d. Pantomime (Mime) is a dramatic representation of facial expressions and body

movements rather than words.

e. Puppet Show - A theatrical performance that uses Puppet as characters in which

audiences perceive life and spirit from their movement, shape, and other aspects
of their performance.

f. Drama includes acting, directing, stage setting, stage lighting, and public
speaking.

g. Theatre - It is one of the oldest and most popular forms of entertainment, in

which actors perform live for an audience on a stage or in another space
designated for the performance.

h. Singing is an individual or group interpretation of a song or music.

i. Motion Picture - It is a series of images projected onto a screen to create the

illusion of motion. Motion pictures—also called movies, films, or the cinema—are
one of the most popular forms of entertainment, enabling people to immerse
themselves in an imaginary world for a short time.

ELABORATE

Living Filipino Artists of the Century that Shape the Local Contemporary Art

Thanks to the advent of social media, art in the Philippines is now no longer confined to
the dry galleries of yesteryears. Instead, you can take a look at some of the best contemporary
art in the Philippines by simply opening an app on your phone or hopping over to your nearest
art fair. Philippine arts and culture are more accessible now than ever, and there’s never been a
more exciting time to be an art enthusiast in this country.

The public has long been fascinated with artistic works, and you can see that art is now
moving beyond the standard museum fare. In the Philippine art history timeline, no other era
has had as much variety, both in medium and in the artists themselves, like this one. Whether
you look at visual art, video art, performance art, or any other style in the Philippines, you’ll likely
find a Filipino artist making waves. To familiarize yourself with the modern art scene in the
country, here’s a list of Philippine artists and their works below.

Nona Garcia

Nona Garcia is perhaps one of the best-known artists in the Philippine art scene. Born in
1978 in Manila, she received her Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting from the University of the
Philippines. Based primarily in Baguio, her work has been exhibited in countless locally and
abroad galleries. She won the Grand Prize in the Philip Morris ASEAN Art Award (2000) and is
also a recipient of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Thirteen Artists Award (2003).

Among her solo shows are False Apparitions (Singapore, 2012), Before the Sea (Manila,
2012), Unearth (Berlin, 2015), and Before the Sky (Manila, 2016). Nona Garcia is known for
employing the use of stark realism to bring into question what the true meaning of
representation is. Her use of photorealism centers on everyday objects, cultural artifacts, or
people, inviting the viewers to explore her subjects' environmental, sociopolitical, and personal
histories. Although famous for her paintings, she also employs paper cutouts, x-rays, and
lightboxes in her works.

Her attention to detail and incredible skill is unlike any other, making her a favorite of
collectors, art enthusiasts, and laypeople.

Andres Barrioquinto

Andres Barrioquinto’s multi-awarded work is both striking and unforgettable, and his
iconic and surreal painting style has made him successful in the local and international art
scenes. A graduate of the University of Santo Tomas’s Fine Arts program, Barrioquinto has
been fondly called the Dark Man of Philippine Art due to his use of the macabre in many of his
works. He has participated in shows both in the country and abroad, including in Singapore and
Taipei. In addition to this, he also had a recent major showcase of portraits at the National
Museum in November.

Barrioquinto’s work is notable for its use of juxtaposition and scale. His portraits are
famously a mix of monochrome and technicolor. With his subjects in black and white framed by
an explosion of color, his paintings assault the senses and leave viewers reeling. While the
mainstream perspective on art is that it must be beautiful, Barrioquinto challenges old views and
brings you up close and personal with the strange and imperfect. One of the CCP’s Thirteen
Artists of 2003, Andres Barrioquinto’s works have also pulled in huge numbers at auctions in the
Philippines and abroad. His painting Skulls and Butterflies pulled in HKD 620,000 at an auction,
almost 15 times its asking price.

Leeroy New
 When it comes to Philippine arts and culture history, you’d be hard-pressed to find a
more distinctive style across various mediums than Leeroy News. A native of General Santos
City, New, graduated from the Philippine High School for the Arts and the University of the
Philippines College of Fine Arts. His work has garnered many accolades and awards, including
the 2005 Metrobank Art Awards, the 2009 Ateneo Art Awards, a nomination for the 2011
Signature Art Prize in Singapore, the 2012 CCP 13 Artists, and the 2014 Metrobank Foundation
Award.

Leeroy New has employed a variety of mediums for his artwork, including production
design, public art, product design, and wearable art. However, he’s perhaps best known for his
iconic sculptures, which blend a variety of shapes, colors, and forms to challenge the viewer.
New’s lifelong fascination with monsters has led him to create pieces out of this world, making
him one of the most prominent names in the Philippine sculpture and visual arts scenes. His
work has also been featured in television shows like Bagani (2018).

Nikki Luna

Today, one of the most prominent female artists in Philippine arts circles, Nikki Luna’s
work brings together advocacy and art. Luna is a graduate of the University of the Philippines’
Fine Arts program, focusing on visual art. She also received a Chevening Award, allowing her to
take a master’s in Art and Education at the University of London in the UK. Her work has been
exhibited in the CCP, Vargas Museum, and Lopez Memorial Museum. In addition, she has also
been featured in the Aichi Triennale, Singapore Biennale, Beijing Biennale, and Le Festival
International des textiles Extra Ordinaires.

Luna’s work is notable for highlighting women’s issues, including the problems of rape,
sexual harassment, domestic workers, and migrant workers. She authored the book I Love My
Body (2018), highlighting body positivity and awareness. She also recently completed a solo
exhibition at the 1335 Mabini Gallery called This is how to be a woman of the world. Besides
gallery work, Luna also employs her art in her activism. She has conducted various art therapy
workshops in conflict zones in the Philippines and uses her work to speak out against social
issues like extrajudicial killings, misogyny, and rape culture.

Rodel Tapaya

Rodel Tapaya is one of the top names in Philippine painting and visual art, and his work
has garnered him critical acclaim both in the country and abroad. Born in 1980 in Montalban,
Rizal, Tapaya first broke out into the scene when he won the Nokia Art Awards in 2001. This
enabled him to take drawing and painting courses in prestigious institutions such as the Parsons
School of Design in New York, USA, and the University of Helsinki in Finland. Additionally,
Tapaya won the 2011 Signature Art Prize, was named one of CCP’s 13 Artists of 2012 and was
shortlisted several times for the Ateneo Art Awards.

Tapaya’s first solo show outside the country was in 2008 and was entitled Rodel
Tapaya: Forgotten. This marked a shift in subject matter and medium, and Tapaya began to
explore the themes of Philippine mythology and folktales for which he’s known today. Rodel
Tapaya’s artworks and paintings are notable for their mix of Filipino folk culture and history,
which he uses to offer commentary on contemporary social issues. His complex compositions
and vivid colors and patterns have made his work a favorite of collectors and art enthusiasts.

Ernest Concepcion
 Ernest Concepcion is well known for his highly complex and experimental paintings,
which play with texture and color to create images that arrest the viewer’s eyes. Born in 1977,
he graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. He has
participated in several art residences in New York, where he stayed. Concepcion has exhibited
in galleries in the Philippines and the United States, including solo exhibitions and group shows.
He has also received the CCP’s 13 Artists of 2015 award.

Concepcion is notable for his use of color and texture in his artworks. His paintings are
abstracted reflections on Philippine history, social issues, and the human experience.
Concepcion’s works challenge the viewers’ preconceptions of what is or aren’t possible in art by
experimenting with composition, form, color, and textures. Concepcion’s pieces are set apart by
his use of different techniques, styles, and media to put together images that are disjointed and
unified at the same time. He currently splits his time between Manila and Brooklyn.

Annie Cabigting

Annie Cabigting is one of this generation of artists’ technical masters. Her work is well-
known for its adherence to primary life forms and its ability to challenge the viewer. She
graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Major in Painting in 1994 and has since
been exhibited in dozens of galleries. She has over a dozen solo exhibitions in Singapore,
Malaysia, and the Philippines. She also won the Ateneo Art Awards in 2005, and her work was
also included in the Prague Biennale.

Cabigting is perhaps most known for her ability to force her viewers to question ideas of
authorship, reproduction, and point of view. Her recent show, Museum Watching, featured
photorealistic paintings of people observing famous artworks. This playfulness in exploring the
dynamic between subject and viewer has been present throughout her career. In addition to
original work, Cabigting has also made reproductions of pieces by Jackson Pollock, Mark
Rothko, and local artists. Her ability to play around with the act of observation has made her a
favorite of collectors and laypeople alike.

Dex Fernandez

Dex Fernandez is a rising name among young artists in the Philippines, and it’s
immediately evident why. Perhaps best known for his cartoonish, many-legged subject
“Garapata,” Fernandez’s work is playful and street-smart, bringing a modern sensibility to many
Manila’s galleries. He studied Fine Art and Advertising at the Technological University of the
Philippines before working as a graphic designer. He’s had solo exhibitions in the Philippines
and the United States and group exhibitions in France, Singapore, the United States, and the
Philippines.

Fernandez’s work uses the urban landscape as a canvas, bringing art out of staid white
galleries and into the daily lives of commuters. His Garapata stickers are a well-known sight
around Manila and even abroad. Besides his illustration, he’s also worked in mixed media,
photomanipulation, mural painting, and other styles. Fernandez’s pieces like to mix the
mundane in with the surreal, making each of his artworks an instant visual playground for the
viewer. Although he is currently based in Caloocan City, you can find his works and Garapata in
metropolises worldwide.

Oscar Villamiel
 Oscar Villamiel is a familiar figure in the Philippine art world, and his visceral, multi-
media installations are both instantly recognizable and unforgettable. Born in 1953 and a
graduate of the Fine Arts Program of the University of the East, he worked as a set designer
and entrepreneur for several decades. During this period, he founded the graphic t-shirt brand
Artwork in 2002. His first exhibition was a group exhibition of UE alumni at the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), and he’s exhibited in several galleries and
countries since.

Villamiel’s work is well-known for its salvage use, with the artist using found materials or
old, recycled parts to create entirely new jobs. His 2014 installation art about the Philippines,
Mga Damon Ligaw, employed the use of over 10,000 excised carabao horns that flowed from
the gallery walls onto the floor. Instead of focusing on prized objects, his art brings discarded
junk and cast-off, mundane items to the foreground. By doing this, he highlights the stark beauty
that can often be found in these discarded pieces.

Geraldine Javier

Geraldine Javier is a Philippine visual artist whose work foregrounds the tension
between dynamic contrasts. Born in 1970, she initially began her career training to be a nurse
before turning to the arts. Javier rose into the spotlight when she received the CCP’s 13 Artists
Award in 2003. She first began exhibiting her work internationally in 2004 and has been
featured in dozens of galleries in the Philippines and abroad.

Javier has cited Roberto Chabet as one of her top influences, and she takes a similar
cerebral approach to her artwork. Her work emphasizes complexity, both in subject matter and
form. In addition to iconography from her Roman Catholic upbringing, she also touches on the
concepts of death, emotional violence, relationships, and social tensions. Rather than touching
on the social realism and political commentary of her predecessors, Javier instead paints
subjects that are highly personal and specific. Thus, she invites the viewers of her artwork to
look at the internal rather than the external, making her a favorite of galleries and collectors
alike.

Ronald Ventura

Ronald Ventura has been hailed as one of his generation's most distinctive and unique
artistic voices. Born in 1973 and educated at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, he’s been
multi-awarded since his student days. As an undergraduate, he won the longest-running student
art competition sponsored by Shell Corporation in 1990. His first two solo shows were in 2000,
and he has since been exhibited in the Philippines, Asia, Europe, and the United States. Among
his many awards are the 13 Artists Award of 2003 by the CCP and the Ateneo Art Award in
2005.

Ronald Ventura’s artworks are known for combining various media, and he explores new
themes, materials, and concepts in his work. Although skilled in other media, including
photography, sculptures, and installations, he’s mainly known for his work surrounding the
human form. By layering usually different styles— such as graffiti, cartoons, and photorealism—
he highlights the multiple and sometimes conflicting identities that make up the Philippines.
Ronald Ventura’s paintings explore dynamics and contrasts, and each piece is a unique
dialogue between viewer and subject.
Gary-Ross Pastrana
 Gary-Ross Pastrana’s distinctive, conceptual oeuvres make him a stand-out in a country
rich with artistic talent. He received his bachelor’s degree in painting from the University of the
Philippines’ College of Fine Arts, awarded the Dominador Castañeda Award for Best Thesis.
Subsequently, he was granted residences in Japan and Bangkok. He received the CCP’s 13
Artists Award in 2006 and has since been exhibited in local and abroad shows. He is also one of
the co-founders of the Future Prospects Art Space in Cubao, Philippines.

Pastrana’s work combines concepts with the context in subtle, poetic ways. In addition to
sculpture, his work has also employed folded and coiled photographs, found pictures from the
internet woven together, and even his shirt tied to a flag pole. In one exhibit in 2018, Pastrana
turned to the “forgotten” objects in the house, highlighting them and inviting viewers to explore
their often ignored histories. His dynamic yet straightforward approach to everyday life turns the
mundane into something intensely emotional, adding complexity to even the most deceptively
simple pieces.

Benedicto Cabrera

More popularly known as BenCab, Benedicto Cabrera has been hailed as one of the
most iconic artists of his generation. Awarded the National Artist of the Philippines for Visual
Arts (Painting) Award in 2006, he is arguably one of the best-selling artists in the country, with
the BenCab Museum in Baguio City dedicated to his works. He studied at the University of the
Philippines before exploring a career in art circles in London. Subsequently, he began to build a
name for himself that led to countless exhibitions and shows in dozens of countries worldwide.

Benedicto Cabrera’s artworks are notable for his mastery of various media, including
printmaking, painting, photography, and draftsmanship. In particular, he is known for his series
of works centering around his muse “Sabel,” inspired by a scavenger woman he photographed
and sketched in 1965. Following the same vein, Benedicto Cabrera’s paintings are primarily
figurative, focusing on the female subject and occasionally men, wrapped in swirling fabrics. His
subjects are often dressed in Filipiniana, highlighting the context of Filipino women in society.

Agnes Arellano

Perhaps one of the greatest Philippine sculptors of her generation, Agnes Arellano’s
work demands the viewer’s full attention. Before delving into art, Arellano first went down a
more science-oriented track, pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and units in a Master of
Arts in the same field. She finally took a Major in Sculpture from the College of Fine Arts,
University of the Philippines, kickstarting decades of success and renown. She has participated
in several exhibitions across the globe, and her work is in the permanent collections of the
Fukuoka Asian Art Museum, the Singapore Art Museum, and the APEC Sculpture Park in
Busan, South Korea.

Arellano’s sculptures are distinctive not only for their mastery of the female form but also
for their harrowing, sometimes grotesque, and always unforgettable subject matter. Much of her
career has been shaped by the tragic death of her family in a fire in 1981, and many of her
works commemorate this event. In particular, her multimedia memorial event, Fire and Death –
A Labyrinth of Ritual Art, was a unique installation of memorabilia from their family home.
Arellano is known for her focus on the female body using various sculptural materials, including
casts of her own body. She calls her sculptures “inscapes,” where she invites the viewers to
walk in and explore the core of their meaning.
Kiko Escora

Kiko Escora, also known as Manila Animal, is a prolific, chameleon-like artist whose
work changes with every exhibition. Born in 1970, his fascination with art began as a child when
his father introduced him to the color wheel and taught him to match each color with a song.
Awarded the prestigious 13 Artists Award by the CCP in 2003, he has been exhibited numerous
times in solo and group shows in the Philippines and countries such as Indonesia and Spain. He
is a favorite of collectors, and his pieces have sold for up to Php 1.5 million at auctions.

Kiko Escora’s work is known for the negotiation between the themes of intimacy and
violence. His portraits, often foregrounding the subjects in stark lighting, invite a level of scrutiny
on the part of the viewer that feels both familiar and invasive all at once. His subjects often have
particularly nervous energy, with expressions and attitudes that turn the viewer from an impartial
observer to an almost voyeur. These bald facades force the viewer from the passive into the
active have, making his work deceptively haunting yet straightforward.

Yasmin Sison-Ching

Yasmin Sison-Ching is a Filipina visual artist whose work lingers with you long after
turning away. Born in 1972 in Cavite, she took up a degree in Humanities and Fine Arts. She
graduated from the University of the Philippines, later taking a second degree in Painting from
1994-to 1997 and a Masters’s in Art Education in 2001. Her work Bear fetched the highest price
at the Borobudur auction in Singapore in 2008. She has been exhibited in Malaysia, Italy, the
Czech Republic, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and the Philippines.

Sison-Ching’s early work centered on abstract expressionism. Her gestural paintings

included bright splashes of color and expressionist figures lacking form and identity. She then
moved on to symbolic imagery, distinctive for her unflinching portrayal of her subjects. In
particular, her series on children in all their moods showed her skill at drawing out the emotions
of her subjects. This perceptiveness and connection with viewers have made her a standout in
the Philippine art scene and a favorite among collectors.

Neil Pasilan

Neil Pasilan is a self-taught, multi-media artist from Bacolod. Born in 1971 and brother to
fellow artist Diokno Pasilan, he displayed creativity early. In his youth, he modeled figures in
clay before moving on to other forms and media. He has been in several group exhibitions,
including 2010’s Buang in Makati City, Alay in Quezon City, and 2011 in Taguig City,
Philippines. His solo exhibitions have been at various galleries in the Philippines, including Wes
Gallery, Art Informal Gallery, and the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Pasilan’s work is known for its multiple layers and media, utilizing these different strata
to expose or sometimes mask various forms and subjects. He has described himself as being
most at ease when he is being true to himself as an artist. Subsequently, many of his works
include family members and other personal relationships. Pasilan’s work is distinctive for its
hazy yet emotion-filled approach to form, creating emotion through abstraction where the viewer
would initially assume none was found.

Kawayan de Guia
 Kawayan de Guia is a growing name within the Philippine art world, and with good
reason. The son of filmmaker Kidlat Tahimik and German artist Katrin de Guia, he was
mentored by BenCab and Santiago Bose in his early years. In 2011, he helmed the Ax(iS) Art
Project to promote the local artist community in Baguio City and the rest of the Cordilleras. He
has held numerous solo exhibitions in the Philippines and abroad and was a guest curator in
2013 for the Singapore Biennale. Besides the Philippines, his work has been exhibited in
Australia, Japan, China, and Germany.

De Guia’s work is notable for his seemingly disjointed juxtapositions of different images
and forms. His collages play with concepts that are often difficult to pair, such as religion and
consumerism, in collages that play with both shape and color. By placing these outwardly
disparate concepts together, he invites the viewer to construct their relationships. The chaotic
landscapes of his artworks also invite the viewer to explore feelings of discontent and
disarticulation and leave them with lingering feelings of restlessness long after they’ve left.

Mark Salvatus

Mark Salvatus is an intermedia artist who has been slowly but surely rising in
prominence in the Philippine art scene. Born in 1980 and educated at the University of Santo
Tomas College of Fine Arts & Design, he won the Ateneo Art Awards in 2010 and was named
one of the CCP’s 13 Artists of 2012. In subsequent years, he has won residency grants and
fellowships in Sweden, Japan, and the Netherlands. He has exhibited his work in the
Philippines, Japan, South Korea, China, the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom, Australia,
and the United States.

Mark Salvatus calls his artworks “Salvage Projects,” and he is preoccupied with the idea
of movements and transitions from one place or state of being to another. His work discusses
urbanization and the socioeconomic structure, especially in Metro Manila. This urbanization and
landscape are foreground and background for Salvatus’s pieces, manifesting through familiar
objects and the everyday. With his artworks spanning a range of media and sometimes inviting
the public’s participation, Salvatus has proven himself an artist of the new age.

Patricia Perez Eustaquio

Patricia Perez Eustaquio has been hailed as one of the foremost artists of her
generation. Born in 1977, she received the 13 Artists Award from the CCP in 2010 and has
been awarded several prestigious residencies. Art Omi in New York and Stitching Id11 in
Amsterdam are among these residencies. She has been exhibited in dozens of galleries, and
her work has awed audiences in Switzerland, Singapore, Paris, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the
Philippines, among others. In 2016, she was commissioned by the Palais de Tokyo in France
and joined the Singapore Biennale in the same year.

Eustaquio’s work is concerned with the idea of vanity, focusing on materials and
structures that are carefully created and staged. Much of her work involves craft materials,
including fabric, leather, lace, ceramic, and upholstery— either handmade or industrial. Hailed
by critics as a multifaceted talent, Eustaquio can invite viewers to interrogate both the artwork
and the process by which the painting is constructed. Detritus is framed within the structures of
craft and fashion, creating a dynamic that begs reflection and discussion.

Martha Atienza
 Martha Atienza was born to a Filipino father and Dutch mother, and this shuttling
between two cultures has been at the forefront of her creative work. She finished a bachelor’s
degree in Mixed Media and Media Art at the Aki Academy of Visual Arts and Design. Despite
her young age, her prodigious skill is readily apparent, and she’s received accolade after
accolade in her decade of work. The CCP’s 2015 13 Artists Award, the New Media Fund from
the NCCA, the 2012 Ateneo Art Awards, and residencies in Singapore, Australia, the United
States, the UK, and the Philippines.

Martha Atienza’s work is primarily known for being expressed through video installation,
exhibited in various galleries across the globe. Using the concept of a “stranger” to guide her
hand, her work toes the line between imagination and understanding. Atienza takes an almost
sociological approach to her artwork, exploring different contradictions and subjects with an
almost clinical eye. However, this perceived detachment does not let the viewer forget who is
behind the camera, turning the experience into a kind of voyeurism of the voyeur.

Hannah Pettyjohn

As the daughter of Filipino ceramicists Jon and Tessy Pettyjohn, it’s no wonder that
Hannah Pettyjohn grew up to pursue a career in the arts. Born in 1983 and now based in Dallas
in the United States, Pettyjohn graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor
of Fine Arts in Painting. Her work has been exhibited in the Philippines, Taiwan, the United
States, Singapore, and Hong Kong and is included in various private collections across
Southeast Asia.

Taking inspiration from her parents’ work and her own experiences as a Filipino-
American, Pettyjohn’s work seems to focus on the meeting and discussion between two worlds.
Sculptural works often accompany her paintings, and fragments of memory and
autobiographical tidbits make up much of her artwork. Her palettes are muted, emphasizing a
feeling of nostalgia and transience. Her work speaks to a new generation of individuals who feel
untethered to their histories and societies with themes of impermanence, loneliness, anxiety,
and aimlessness.

Pope Bacay

A native of Oriental Mindoro, Pope Bacay quickly rises to become one of the most well-
known young artists in the country. Having graduated from the Studio Arts program of the
University of the Philippines is only 2016, he’s quickly begun making waves in the Philippines'
local art scene. He had his first exhibition in 2016 entitled (t)here and has had several groups
and solo shows in the few short years since. Bacay also recently completed a two-month art
residency at the ABungalow Residency Project in Negros Occidental.

Bacay’s work draws on the sense of place, capturing scenes from his life in his
hometown of Roxas. Framing the everyday and familiar within architectural structures, he
emphasizes the role of these structures in capturing and maintaining our memories. The visual
geography on his canvases is both foreign and friendly, with windowpanes or traditional-style
houses a well-known sight to viewers. His masterful grasp of melancholy and nostalgia makes
him a voice to look out for.

David Medalla
 David Medalla is one of the greats of Philippine contemporary art, and any list would be
remiss not to include him. Born in Manila in 1942, he was admitted to Columbia University in
New York at the young age of 14 upon the recommendation of American poet Mark van Doren.
In the late 1950s, he returned to Manila and began his art career under the wing of several new
patrons. In the 1960s, he moved to the United Kingdom and co-founded the Signals Gallery,
which presented kinetic art by international artists. He also founded the London Biennale in
1998 and has won numerous awards for his work.

It’s hard to put together a life more storied than David Medalla’s. As one of the foremost
artists in kinetic art and sculpture globally, Medalla’s influence on Philippine contemporary art is
undeniable. He has experimented with various forms and materials, never once shying away
from the challenge to viewers and observers. He creates artwork that allows all the body’s
senses to engage with it, once even creating a piece that would release scent pellets of his
then-boyfriend’s smell when he undressed after coming home from work. His creativity,
eloquence, and genius are undeniable, and luckily for Philippine art, he still has more to give.

EVALUATE

A. Direction: Identify the pictures below and what Elements and Principles of Contemporary
Arts are being utilized in creating them. (Appropriation, Performance, Space, Hybridity,
or Technology) Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Interactive sculpture installation called "Astreopora." By Leeroy New

2. a T-shirt with President Rodrigo Duterte print.

 3. Raffy Napay’s art display uses thread and sewing as a medium.

4. Coffee painting by Kimmy-crafts.

5. Whale installation art made of garbage by Greenpeace Philippines.

B. Now, let’s know more of our local arts available. This activity involves getting to know
about the local skills in our locality. List down below all types of crafts in your locality;
categorize them as a form of art (Visual, Auditory, or Combined Arts). Add more tables if
you find more art forms locally.

C. Make your ideas, concept, theme, nature of the various arts (traditional or
contemporary), and how these arts are helpful in the Philippines and the world as a
whole.

REFERENCE
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Publishing, Inc.
Atkins, R. (1990). Artspeak: A Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords. New
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https://youtu.be/NKN8F6oO1jU: Principles / Elements of Contemporary Arts
https://youtu.be/I3dfQNW4y5o: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

Prepared By:

MARK NATHANIEL G. REVILLA

Professor

JEMMALYN A. SEBASTIAN BRANN RAMOS

Professor Professor

Reviewed by:

DECINA M. FRANCISCO JEFFREY T. DELA CRUZ, RN, LPT, MPA

BTLED-HE Coordinator, North BSE SCIENCE Coordinator, South

Recommending Approval:

RAMONA A. PRADO, LPT, Ed.D.

Dean, COE

Approved by:
ATTY. RODERICK P. VERA, LL.
Vice President, Academic Affairs