OIRIGIN OF SOCIETIES

Social Contract Theory

1. Hobbe- Every man was every man’s enemy- society was created to ensure peace and
harmony-man in the state of nature was in perpetual conflict with his neighbours on
account of his essentially selfish nature.
2. Locke-state of nature-peace, goodwill, harmony
Limitation-no order of law and justice-To make good this deficiency and ensure the
exercise of his liberty man entered into a contract by which certain powers were
conferred upon the community.
3. Rousseau-state of nature-men were equal, self-sufficient, content-growth in numbers
led to quarrels-formation of civil societies- a mutual contract in virtue of which every
man shall be associated and as free as behaviour
Adam Smith- Society: artificial device to create a mutual economy

Evolutionary theory
Society: developed not made, characterized by slow and uneven growth (Compte)
(Kinship and families) to societies----patriarchal kinship (Malvern)
(Religion and kinship) to societies
Increase in population-growth in economy- development of the concept of property-
requirement of changes in the social structure- societies to nation states